ΑΠΟΔΕΙΞΙΣ, 'Inventory,' in Herodotus and Thucydides

Author(s): S. Casson
Source: The Classical Review, Vol. 35, No. 7/8, (Nov. - Dec., 1921), pp. 144-145
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/697338
Accessed: 12/06/2008 18:59

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I44 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW
EURIPIDES, MEDEA, LL. 560-561. weretolerablyfamiliarto the contemporaries of
EARLElong ago remarkedthat in Jason's
Aristophanes. It was by the Maeanderroad
that Alcibiadeswas travellingin 404 B.C., when
words, he was murderedjubtbeforereachingthe valley
Kat yX 7t7vSK@
rctLtof,e@a, tTS of the East Phrygian Cayster, and Ramsay
7rdv71ra TtS KTO8&^
f ebyet 0f \OS
7ras ?indsan indicationof the use of this road as
the wordf lXOS at the endwasweakandseemed early as the sixth century in a fragmentof
to introducean unnecessary restriction. He Hipponax (}listoncal Geograg5hy,p. 37; cf.
thereforesuggested (CZassicaSReview, vol. x, p. 30, where' Maeander' is a slip for' Hermus,
and p. 35g). Riversin Anatoliahave a wayof
P 3): forcingthemselveson the traveller'sattention,
7rasrts EJczrodxv
?XeD^yeLv
rEv71ra ?0Xe. andthedoubleoccurrenceof the name' Cayster'
Wouldit not be simplerto read must have struck many a Greek ambassador
and trader. Van Leeuwen's note, ' Caystts
feI^yes7rasrss EKTO6XP 0z\0^,
7rGvXTa pedium urbis Phrygiae nomen apud Xen. I. 2
as being closer to the readingof the MSS.? ? I I hinc est alienum,'is true only if we alter
The nominativeqbkoscan easilybe explained the text. If we are to understandthe reading
by its followingso soon after7rasrlsXwithwhich of the MSS. Xenophon's reference is very
a scribewould tend to construeit. The con- pertinent. W. M. CALDER.
ceptionof the ' poorfriend'whois a burdenon
others is well known,and the suggestionre-
ceives some supportfromEur.ES. II3I: AIIO/\EIRIS, ' INVENTORY,' IN
7rdrXtas ovosts ,Bo0XeTat HERODOTUS
zzaSas AND THUCY
0fXovs.

G. R. DRIVER. DIDES.
IN the CEass.Review for August, I9I4, in a
short article on the expeditionof Xerxes to
ARI STOPHAN E S, A CHARNIANS, sometimes Delphi, I suggestedthat the worda7r68ettls was
11.68, H. used in the special sense of 'in-
ventory,'and,as sllch,belongedto the technical
Kat 8??T' 6s&" Kav^rptwt
erpv%6,ue@a languageof militaryor legal phraseology. The
7redEwv odolvXavourTes Persianexpeditionwas sent for the purposeof
dXvy{vo

ef' apSuafzatwv ,UGL\@aKWS takingan inlrentory

IcaraKef,usPor of the treasuresof Delphi.l
arroA\I,uevos. This process of inventorytaking was I sug-
68 AcaBergk.fraparsovR. 8ta rcovvulg. gested,a recognisedmilitarymethodof ensuring
So the Oxfordeditors. Recent editors and the neutralityof the party furnishingthe in-
commentators(with the exception !of Van ventory. If that partyinfringedits neutrality,
Leeuwen) have preferred the plural form everythingset down in the list was seized by
KavarptcovcreAlxloto DindorSs 7rapaKavirrpLov those whoheld the inlrentory. If, on the other
sre8zor or Blaydes'rrapaKaverpzor 7rora,uov,but hand,it maintainedneutrality,it had the right
none of them appears to have observed the to claim compensation,at the concIusionof
justificationfor their preference. The road to hostilities,for anythingthathad been damaged
Susa indeed passed through {wo ' plains of or seized by the partyto whomthe inventory
the Cayster'within two hundredmiles of the was furnished. An arrangementof this nature
Aegean, and the two alternativebranchesby was explainedin detail by Archidamusto the
which it led from Ephesus to the Anatolian Plataeansin thethirdyearof the Peloponnesian
plateauactuallypartedin one Kavxrrpsov Fredtov war.2 If abstentionfrom the war is desired
and reunitedin another. If he tookthe Hermus he says to them, Ta 71ffv%tav &^yere ve,u6yeYoL u,uETepa

Valleyway, thetravellerfromEphesusmounted ?fXouS, egrl ro\&,ucp dA gTgp@V, auTw^, Kal tSTe

The Plataeans
,U7}8& ye0' 6exe?0e 8& ayforgpovs

the valley of the Cayster and droppeddown childrenare in the

ju<?78eTetpous

over the watershed to Sardis by the route replythat their wives and
describedin HerodotusV. IOO. Thence, by a chargeof thetheir Athenians,who might,therefore,
roadcoincidingin partwiththe RoyalRoad of not confirm neutrality. Archidamus,to
the Persiankings,and in partwith the modern removetheir apprehensions,tells themto hand
railway,he travelledto the valley of the East themselvesover to the careof the Spartansand
PhrygianCayster,which extendedfrom Akro- carryout the followingrequirements:
enus to Philomelium. If he chose the more I. To makea list of theirlandedproperties-
southerlybranch,alongthe MaeanderValleyX he 877s 6'pous axrode?tare.
divergedat once from the CaysterValley and 2. To make a list of their plantationsand
travelledby Celaenaeand Metropolisto Ipsus, any other propertiesthat can be catalogued-
wherehe enteredthevalleyof the East Phrygian 6dvApaapF8yC uyGrepaKal d\\o et T; duvardwUs Ta

Cayster. At thispointthetwobranchesmerged apayov eX0ezv(&7roAeltare).

into the main highway through Phrygia 3. To depart wheresoeverthey please until
Paroreios. Ipsus was identicalwith, or close the end of the war-aITot8& sLera%wpjaare drOL
to, the 7roktsOtKOVe^\, called by Xenophon po\eS8e, Ss tv O Gro?e,uos Xg.

Kav^rpovFre8tov(=4nabctsisI. 2, II). At this

well-known roadjunctionCyrusmetthe Cilician 1 This viewwas firstproposedby Mr.J. A. R.
Epyaxa. Both the Hermus Valley and the Munro,Rectorof LincolnCollege,Oxford.
MaeanderValleyroutes,andespeciallythelatter, a TS?wcydzdNes I I. 72.
 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW
He on his partundertakes.
I. To keep the listed propertyas a deposit-
Zo,ew wapaKaratR*sv
2. To pay compensationfor use and depre-
ciationof the occupiedproperty dpyaiLZ6YOS Kat
fopaV?pO^feS e avv,^ ,X ZKAYX beda.
3. To hand over everything again when
hostilities have come to an end-exe8dw 8?
vapdA@^g,
d7rod4ff0,uer
Ufs^& &w 7rapa\dS3wfev.
It seems,then, that the word &r68ebs,
which
occursin nounor verbform prominentlyin the
Herodoteanaccountof the Delphianexpedition
and in this passage of Thucydides, has a
specialised meaning.
Furtherlight is thrownupon the particular
transactionwhich involved a} &X68f L{LS by a
passage in Pllltarch's?jte of SUS (I 2, 4).
Sulla was preparinga large and important
campaign. At the outsethe approachedDelphi
as Xerxes had done. But in Sulla's time
Delphianneutralityor partialitycountedprob
ably for less thanit did in the days of Xerxes.
NeverthelessSullais takingno risks. He hopes
to controlthe shrineand at the same time, like
Xerxes,he wishes to have the Delphianfunds
and propertiesas a financialreservein case of
trouble. He writes,therefore,to the Amphik-
tyons at Delphi7 telling them to send the
treasuresof Delphito him,andhe sendsKaphis
the Phokian to verify the amountsof such
treasures- tep+e dA zal rors 1A#0TKTVO?IV ffS
As\fobs drz zA xp*,ura rov @eouBd\rIoreY ro,t?d?ra; know, nobodyhas yet seen that the true read-
vpds a7bT6v fi PyApf u?v&tesv a?<5a\g?TepoY ? Ka}
4to%pXa&,llevos cwodffe^ o?t \&Ttw. He, on his ing must be T+tA 8(VTdp@Sx 'second in order of
part, undertakesto refundno less than he re merit':
ceivesy assuming that he draws upon the places
Delphianmoneys,at the corxclusion of hostilities. adfin.KT\.; One may compare72SD deIrepovetr&X49
The dutiesof Kaphismust clearlyhave been T+p
to superintendthe &7r68e;tss of whatwas handed saXdr
over.
Further interesting evidence as to this So
specialisedmeaningof 47r68eltts is foundin the of at.hasVarious
post-classicalusageof the worditself. Ducange, but
in his Glossariumad Scrz0Zores Medivee ln- Since theantecedents,
fmae Grvecitztisgives one meaningof 47ro8ez{rsdifferent
I45
I I. 663D,E XVT6\rEpOP . . . TOFf Kal avvdMvov
X\ov 7rosezJr
7) ALz &\\' EK6PTaS ., . T aKasa-
Stephanus proposed the insertion of srd@er;
before sroezv,and, howeverinelegantthis may
sound,somethingof the kindseemsto be indis-
pensable. I suggest, therefore,as an amend-
ment, that tez?at might be inserted after Kal.
The loss of 7restasafterrore Kalwouldbe another
easy instanceof the ' haplographyXso frequent
in the Laws (IIEICAI=TERAI).
II I. 693A dsa7re?>0p77fidva
KaZtTVfib7rt00pYa KaKUS
d?7rapydra KarotKe?rac. It is scarcelysurprising
that Cobet took objection to es7rapH^aand
advocatedits exclusion. But since it is hardly
crediblethatanyonewouldbe temptedto import
the word, I regardit as more likely to be a
corruptionand suggest in its place d0Bap,vsdva:
for the associationof this with lCa^KWS Cp. KaKWS
obrws eXat dze?@ap,era, 692D.
7I IC Kal 7rzs oz6,eEa zaXb xrvvaxoXov@fi?e^K7\.
Since we clearlyneed here an answerthat im-
plies assent on the part of Clinias, the form
Kat7rXs . . .; cannot be tolerated. We might
adoptBadham'sIcat7rusCOUKb or ral 7rdvrws,but
the corruptionwouldbe more easily accounted
forbyKattzs. In 7I2A there is anothercase
where srws(for which Susemihl conjectured
KaXws) mightplausiblybe supplantedby bTxS.
V. 739E d@orafas dSySy0rara
Ka171,ufa 86UTdp@S.
AlthoughBurnetpasses over it in silence,the
phrasew #Ea 8curgpcvS has given pause to others,
notably Schanzand Ritter. But, so far as I
the polities are being assigned their
in the scale of value (T9j), see 739s
and, for the adverb,aCffxp8r at Kat
740E
dev{pcds KT\. 84I B.
aravrw?at zat dJvavSrat 7roezif8 \byo,utv.
Burnet,adoptingWinckelmann'sinsertion
otherproposalshavebeenmade,
anyone ever thoughtof at tdvr@s&et?
relativehas referenceto a numberof
7r&YT@S would seem an

as ' securitas, cautio de suscepta pecunia.' appropriate word.

,?588TOV@' yas XarEavw wept4Xzv bs obx
From Murray's English Dz/ionary (s.v. ftP 747D &\\0 TvS 8ta?povres &\\@# ToT@> Kt\. The
' policy') it appears that the English word negative in xs oDK e?S1^ cannot conceivablybe
' policy,'meaninga ' contractfor insurance,'is right,although
derivedfrom the mediaevalLatin atSodisssor excision-lets itBurnet whilementioningAst's
stand in his text. Sinceintru
apodima,a receipt or securityfor money paid, sions of OoK are certainly rare,if not unkno,
itself derived from the Greek &7r68etz.The in the Laws, I preferto see here a corruption*
modernGreek usage of dv68estts in the spoken the original was I suspect,
languagehas almostexclusivelythe meaningof 'some places have a naturalzs ?be; eFalv_
superiorityover
' receipt.'
Delphi thus took out a policy of insurance others.' The loss of the two final letters of
with Xerxes, as Plataea might have done with fertile shb?et(another case of " haplography,"that
Archidamus. With Sulla there was less of a blunder. cause of trouble)was the origin of the
vid pro quo; Delphi had everythingto lose. false withOVK Moreover,u7hilethe sentencesounds
Sulla's system of insurancewas cynicallyone- with fIec it gains ebl;J,and feeblewith a bald e1a?>
sided. S. CASSON. both truthand force.
VII. 772D, 07r6re Sres. . . KaTa vovv caurC . . .
dbup72XdvazTSlrTeb(t, ea#etTW KT\- So thetextruns,
ON SOME PASSAGES IN PLATO'S bllt it is oblriousthat an object is requiredfor
the infinitive. Are we to be left to supply it
LAWS. mentally, or is it not more probable that we
l:awsII. 653s Opav
& (aXSchanz)%pxi
7r^TEpOP should read rzrei>et<8asloroaa/welrzKt\, ?
dX7l#*s. . . o \6^yosvfXY6frat Ta YVV, ? TUS. For a 774c Tb . * . #T} ZK8t6OYtC 8t %pydrXY aropfav
urexnightread a, i.e. 7rparrov this is supported oyXpdaKelP 7w0bS 7rdvX7*as.Neither wyXpaarcesv
nor
by the rprO;J in 654A infra. 8t@&K6eP (a marginal substitute) seems to yield