WIGHT, Kahikahealani. Learn Hawaiian at Home PDF

Learn Hawaiian
at HomeKahikahealani Wight
Learn
Hawaiian
at Home
by Kahikahealani Wight
Bess Press
P. 0. Box 22388
Honolulu, Hawaii 96823
Acknowledgments
The Hawaiian speakers on our Learn Ha waiian at Hom e cassette

tapes are Hau'oli Akaka , Kalama Cabigon , Ka'iulani Ho'opai , Kaleo
Kamai , "Tuti " Kanahele , Ku 'ualohanui Kaulia , Mahina Kauakahi ,
Leinani Raffipiy, Melelani Naniha'upu Pang, Bill Panui , Larice Tam ,
and Kahikahealani Wight.
Dunbar Wakayama and Kahikahealani Wight are the English speak-

ers.
Singing the songs are Hau'oli Akaka , Kamalulani Fale and Ku'ualo-
hanui Kaulia. They are joined by Pua'ala Nu'uhiwa on "Lana'i, He
Manu Kikaha. '
Mahala nui to the Kanahele , Mitchell and Zuttermeister families and

to Randie Fang and Pua'ala Nu'uhiwa for allowing us to use their
songs in this book.
Iv1ahalo nui to Pierre Grill of Rendez-vous Recording Studio and to

Dunbar Wakayama of Audio Media for their help in recording and
editing the tapes.
Mahala to Reve Shapard of Bess Press for all her h elp.
Mahala to Wren for her beautiful illustrations .
Mahala nui loa to Leinani Raffipi y for her attention to details , sound
advice and support through many hours of shaping both text and
Cover art and illustrations: Wren tapes.
Design and Production: Print Prep of Hawaii
Wight, Kahikahealani
Learn Hawaiian at Home
Honolulu, Hawaii : The Bess Press , Inc.
176 pages
ISBN: 1-880188-21-X
Copyright© 1992 by The Bess Press , Inc.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress
Catalog Card Number 92-73803
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ix
The Oral Work Section ix
Hawaiian Pronunciation and Spelling ix
How to Use Flashcards · xi
The Grammar Section xii
The Oral Review and Practice Section xii
How to Use This Book xiii
How to Study xiv
Chapter One: Greetings, or What do you say after

you've said "Aloha"? 1
Oral Work Section 1
Hakalama 1
Vocabulary 1
Useful Phrases with Self-Test and Homework 2
Dialogs 4
Grammar Section 6
Pronouns 6
Noun Announcers 7
1. Ke/Ka 7
2. Keia/Kela 8
3. Ko'u/Kou/Kona 8
Oral Review and Practice Section 10
Substitution Drills 10
Picture Practice 12
Listen and Learn: Ni'ihau 13
Mele: Ni'ihau 15
Chapter Two: Descriptive Sentence Pattern 17

Oral Work Section 17
Hakalama 17
Vocabulary 17
Useful Phrases 18
Dialogs 18
Grammar Section 20
Parts of the Hawaiian Sentence: Head and Center 20
Three Kinds of Center Subjects 20
1. Pronouns 20
2. Names 21
3. Nouns 22
Descriptive Sentence Pattern 23
Talking to and talking about someone: e vs. 'o 26
Oral Review and Practice Section 27 Adding Verbs to Our Sentence: Action in the Head! 62
Substitution Drills 27 Hawaiian Verb Markers: Adding Time to the Action 63
Practice with a Partner 28 The Third Sentence Section: Adding the Tail 65
Picture Practice 29 Oral Review and Practice Section 67
Listen and Learn: Kaua'i 31 Substitution Drills 67
Mele: Kaua'i 32 Picture Practice 68
Listen and Learn: Lana'i and Kaho'olawe 69
Chapter Three: '0 Wai Sentence Pattern: Who are you? 33 Mele: Lana'i and Kaho'olawe 72, 73
Oral Work Section 33
Hakalama 33 Chapter Six: Aia Sentence Patterns: Where are you? 75
Vocabulary 33 Oral Work Section 75
Useful Phrases 34 Hakalama 75
Dialogs 35 Vocabulary 75
Grammar Section 37 Useful Phrases 76
'0 wai kou inoa: What's your name? 37 Dialogs 76
'0 wai pattern variations: Changing the Center 39 Grammar Section 78
Oral Review and Practice Section 40 Pluralizing Noun Announcers 78
Substitution Drills 40 Aia Locational Pattern 80
Picture Practice 41 As king Questions with the Aia Locational Pattern 82
Listen and Learn: O'ahu 42 Oral Review and Practice Section 83
Mele: O'ahu 44 Substitution Drills 83
Picture Practice 84
Chapter Four: He aha Sentence Pattern: What's this? 45 Listen and Learn: Maui 85
Oral Work Section 45 Mele: Maui 87
Hakalama 45
Vocabulary 45 Chapter Seven: '0 identification sentence and a brief look back 89
Useful Phrases 46 Oral Work Section 89
Dialogs 47 Hakalama 89
Grammar Section 48 Vocabulary 89
He Aha Keia 48 Useful Phrases 90
He plus Noun Pattern 50 Dialogs 91
Translation Tricks 53 Grammar Section 92
Oral Review and Practice Section 54 '0 Identification Sentence 93
Substitution Drills 54 Commands 95
Picture Practic 54 Adding Tails to Our Sentence Patterns 96
Listen and Learn: Moloka'i 56 Review: Head, Center, Tail 97
Mele: Moloka'i 58 Review: Five Simple Sentence Patterns 98
Oral Review and Practice Section 99
Chapter Five: Action Sentences : Verbs at last! 59 Substitution Drills 99
Oral Work Section 59 Picture Practice 100
Hakalama 59 Listen and Learn: Hawai'i 101
Vocabulary 59 Mele: Hawai'i 103
Useful Phrases 60
Dialogs 61
Grammar Section 62
CONCLUSION 105 Introduction to Learn Hawaiian at Home
ANSWER KEY 108
Aloha no kakou ! E komo mai e 'ai! Aloha, everyone. Welcome to
HAWAIIAN-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 127 our home! Come in and eat with us! It is this traditional Hawaiian
welcome that we would like to extend to our readers as we welcome
ENGLISH-HAWAIIAN GLOSSARY 137 yo u to our language , the heart and "home " of our culture. We wish
to " fee d " yo u with knowledge and aloha, so that your love for the
Hawaiian culture may always grow. We hope that this book will
stimulate yo u to seek more knowledge of our language and to play
your part in the revival of our beloved 'olelo Hawai'i.
The idea for this book arose from our awareness as Hawaiian lan-
guage teachers of the many people who are interested in studying the
language, but who must work full time and have difficulty in attend-
ing night classes. We then thought of visitors or people living outside
of Hawai'i who might also be interested in a brief introduction to the
language. Since it is not easy to find p laces to listen to Hawaiian,
even in Hawai'i, we decided that recorded lessons would be a good
way for students to gain feeling for Hawaiian intonation, pronuncia-
tion and phrasing.
This book is designed, then, as a brief introduction to the language

with an emphasis on oral/aural learning. We feel that listening and
spea king are of crucial importance to language learning. Thus , each
hapter begins and ends with a variety of listening and speaking
exercises .
THE ORAL WORK SECTION
The first section of each chapter has four parts: the Hakalama pro-
nunciation chart, Vocabulary and Useful Phrases , then Dialogs ,
which give a preview of the grammar the chapter will deal with. All
four parts are recorded so that you may listen to each part as often as
you like. We also encourage you to practice saying each part of sec-
tion one out loud.
Hawaiian pronunciation and spelling
Section one of each chapter begins with a variation of the Hakalama

chart for pronunciation practice. The standard Hakalama chart, as
presented in Chapter One, is a syllabic chart that originated in the
earl y primers printed by the missionaries who taught Hawaiian
adults to read and write in Hawaiian in the 1830s, '40s and '5 0s. If
You read the chart from left to right, the first four syllables are ha, ka,
la anf). rna. Hence the name of the chart, which has been expanded in We have also listed more words in our glossary in the back of the
recent years to use in our Hawaiian language preschool and immer- book. We have deliberately limited the number of vocabulary words
sion programs to teach Hawaiian phonics. Rather than reading about to be learned in this book to a few hundred. Obviously such a limit-
how to pronounce Hawaiian, we prefer that you listen to and repeat ed vocabulary will not make you fluent in Hawaiian. However, we
the Hakalama. believe that if you can learn sentence patterns and use the few words
you know in full sentences, you will remember both the sentence
When working on pronunciation it is important for you to remember patterns and the words themselves. Our goal is to have you speaking
a few basic rules of Hawaiian spelling. First of all, the Hawaiian a simp le, but correct Hawaiian when you have completed the book.
alphabet has only thirteen letters: five vowels and eight consonants.
Hawaiian consonants are H, K, L, M, N, P, Wand the 'okina ('). The Next are two short dialogs that highlight the new sentence pattern to
Hawaiian His pronounced more strongly than in English; remember, be learned in that chapter. The dialogs are examples of living lan-
there are no silent Hs in Hawaiian. W can be pronounced as a W or V guage and demonstrate common, "everyday" greetings and questions .
or someplace in between, and will be pronounced differently by You can imitate them when you start your own Hawaiian conversa-
Hawaiians growing up in different parts of the islands. Listen to the tions .
last line of the Hakalama in Chapter 2 to hear different pronuncia-
tions of "w." How to use flashcards
The 'okina is a glottal stop that occurs before vowels. Say "Oh Oh." Buy colored index cards to use as flashcards to learn the new vocabu-
Can you hear the break between the two "oh"s? That's an 'okina. lary. Use one color for nouns, another color for adjectives, yet anoth-
When you see an 'okina, which looks like a backwards apostrophe, er color for useful phrases, and so on. Carry each chapter's cards
it's a signal to stop your voice and start again, to "cut off" or 'oki the (with the Hawaiian on one side and the English on the other) with
sound, so that the next vowel will be distinct. you throughout the day. Spend a few minutes at a time working with
the cards as you stand in line at the bank, wait for the bus, and so
In Hawaiian, as in other Polynesian languages, vowels are more forth. Say the Hawaiian word out loud, then say its English transla-
important than consonants. This is one important difference between tion. Don't look at the English unless you're unsure of the meaning.
Hawaiian and English. In Hawaiian, vowels can stand alone and be Work as rapidly as you can, and repeat the process three or four
words , but consonants can't. Each consonant must be followed by a times a day. Remember to say the words out loud; memorizing is eas-
vowel. Individual vowels must be pronounced much more clearly ier if you use as many of your five senses as possible.
than in English. The duration of a vowel's sound can be lengthened
by the addition of a mark, called a kahako, over the vowel. The long
mark over the o in kahako lengthens the sound of the o, as if two o's In addition to clearly distinguishing the parts of speech, color coding
had been written. As a native speaker of English learning Hawaiian , your flashcards will also prove helpful in learning the word order of
you need to pay extra attention to all vowels! Listen carefully to the Hawaiian sentences, which is different from that of English. English
Hakalama and practice saying it out loud several times a day. There has a Subject Verb Object word order; that is, we usually hear the
is an excellent pamphlet/cassette available for further study of subject first in English. Hawaiian has a Verb Subject Object word
Hawaiian pronunciation; it is listed in the Conclusion. order; in Hawaiian, we hear the subject second. When asked how
you are, in English you respond: I am well. The Hawaiian translation
Next you will find a list of vocabulary words and useful phrases to literally says good me: maika'i au. Being able to construct sentences
be memorized. In choosing which words to include in our text, we w ith the colo r- coded flashcards will make this key difference
have consulted the Department of Education's Kupuna Program between the languages easier to grasp.
Teacher's Guide and the Hawaiian Word Book. We have also used
our own sense of what words are most culturally important and most
practical. Where we had conflicts choosing between a culturally sig-
nificant word or one of practical use, we chose the word that was of
practical importance.
THE GRAMMAR SECTION and Learn , and Mele. A few chapters also have English dialogs to
translate.
Section two of each chapter deals with grammar and constructing the
five basic sentence patterns you will learn. Each chapter deals with This third section begins with oral Substitution Drills. You can listen
one new sentence pattern, but several grammar points also need to be and read along with the tape and later practice reading the drills out
explained so that the new sentence pattern makes sense. For exam- loud.
ple, before learning how to ask and answer the question "What is
your name?" you must learn the Hawaiian possessives my, your, Next comes a picture for you to talk about, creating your own short
his/her. dialog or story. We have also created a story about each picture, so
that you can read and listen to more conversations about everyday
Since you have no teacher to ask questions of, we have attempted to activities. Throughout our book, we have chosen situations for our
explain the grammar as simply as possible. We have therefore chosen dialogs and stories that reflect Hawaiian culture as it is being lived
not to teach some of the more complicated points of Hawaiian gram- today.
mar, such as the dual pronouns (as in the phrase aloha kaua, hello to
you and me), for which there is no English equivalent. Also , we will In the Listen and Learn section we learn about the different islands,
not discuss "a-class " possessives (such as ka'u, kau, kana), although beginning with Ni'ihau in the first chapter and progressing down the
we will learn the singular "a-class" possessives (ko'u, kou, kona). island chain to Hawai'i. The first story in this section is an exercise
The difference between the two kinds of possessives is confusing to that will be repeated in each chapter with only the underlined words
beginning-level students even in a classroom setting. You will be changed to tell about our new island. Because of the repetition and
understood if you use only "a-class" possessives, and learning the "a- simplicity of the story, it will be easy to memorize. Next we give you
class" possessives will be easier once you have the "a-class" forms a listening challenge with a more complex story about our subject
down pat. In both the text and the answer key, words that are nor- island.
mally a-class possessives are marked with an asterisk (* ).
Finally, each chapter ends with a mele, or song, for the island fea-
Our goal in this book is to teach you enough to be able to carry on a tured in the Listen and Learn section. You can read the words and
simple conversation, because speaking makes Hawaiian a living lan- sing along with the tape. Hawaiian songs are our poetry, and singing
guage. We hope that those of you seeking a more in-depth syntactic songs is a fun and exciting way to learn the language.
explanation will be inspired to investigate other books (see our bibli-
ography in the back) or to enroll in a class. How to Use This Book
Each grammar section includes self-tests and homework , with Every language learner has different degrees of skill in reading, writ-
answers in the answer section in the back of the book. Answer the ing, comprehension and speaking, and each learns these separate lan-
questions of the self-test without looking up the answers, to see how guage skills in ways that are different from other learners. We have
much you remember. Then check the answers in the answer key. For tried to accommodate different modes of learning as well as different
the homework, refer to the text when necessary to complete the degrees of interest by building some flexibility into our book.
assignments. This middle section of each chapter is not on the cas- Although we believe that the best way to learn is to go through each
sette tape. chapter from start to finish, there are many different ways to learn
from each chapter.
THE ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE SECTION If you would like to have a brief "taste" of what Hawaiian sounds
like, you may listen to the tape without looking at the book. Another
The third section of each chapter is another series of oral exercises way to "taste" Hawaiian is to work only on the Listen and Learn sec-
whose purpose is to reinforce the grammar you've just learned. This tion at the end of each chapter. This section will teach you how to
section has four parts: Substitution Drills, Picture Practice, Listen correctly pronounce the name of each island and its main town as
well as provide you with other cultural information. Also, you can
easily memorize the "individual island" exercise. This will help train Always wait until you have read the grammar explanation before
your ear to Hawaiian intonation and help you learn Hawaiian phras- doing the Self-Test exercises or Homework. Answers to Self-Test and
ing, that is, which groups of words belong together in a sentence. Homework exercises are in the Answer section at the back of the
For a musical "taste" of Hawaiian, learn and sing along with the book.
songs in praise of the individual islands. Songs display the strong
urge Hawaiian speakers have for subtle and poetic expressions of The ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE (the last) section of each chap-
feeling; it is the combination of their love for poetry and music that ter is the most complex because we are using full sentences and a
makes songs so meaningful to many Hawaiians. Learning to chant, more advanced level of language than in the ORAL WORK section.
dance or sing at least a few songs is an integral part of learning the Spend 10 minutes a day on the substitution drills; after repeated
language. practice using the tape, make up your own words to substitute in
ach phrase. Spend five minutes a day going over one other part of
If you would like a slightly bigger "bite" and want to concentrate on this last chapter section: work on singing one day, on the Listen and
Hawaiian pronunciation , you may listen to the Hakalama exercise in Learn story the next, and so on. Remember to focus your practice on
each chapter. After listening to the Hakalama on tape, read it out listening and speaking out loud.
loud a few times daily for practice. Work on one variation of the
Hakalama until you are very comfortable saying it out loud before Be creative with your approach to our book and tape. Mix and match
moving on to the next chapter. Because the exercises become pro- written work, reading, listening. Choose the part of each chapter that
gressively more difficult in each chapter, it is important to work with appeals to you the most. If you like, concentrate just on the songs.
them in sequence. Use Learn Hawaiian at Home to learn a lot or a little, to have a small
"taste" of our language or to "eat" a full meal. We hope that you will
In order to make our text easier to use, we have substituted symbols learn to love our beautiful language and be inspired to speak it, so
for some instructions that are frequently repeated. If you are to listen that it remains a living language.
to the recording of a section, you will see a tape symbol on the page.
E ola ka 'olelo Hawai'i! May the Hawaiian language live!
If you are to use flashcards for an exercise, we have included a flash-
card symbol on the page.
If you are to check your own homework in the answer key , a key
symbol is included after the homework instructions. Refer to the
answer key for that chapter to find the answers to homework and
Self-Test exercises.
How To Study
The serious student who wants to really "digest" the language needs
a few directions on how to study Learn Hawaiian at Home. You will
need daily practice on all four language skills discussed above.
Repeat the Hakalama out loud several times a day for pronunciation
practice. Learn vocabulary and useful phrases with color-coded flash-
cards. Listen to the tape if you need to hear the vocabulary or useful
phrases again. Saying the words out loud is good ear training as well
as a great help for memorization.
Spend 10 to 15 minutes daily on both pronunciation and vocabulary

practice. Spend another concentrated 15 minutes daily on grammar.
Ch apter One
GREETINGS, OR WHAT TO SAY

AFTER YOU SAY ALOHA
I. ORAL WORK SECTION
a. Hakalama
Here is the standard Hakalama pronunciation chart. Read it ~
out loud going across the line. Recite the Hakalama several ( o-=-o)
times a day for practice. (Remember that the long mark over •· ·•
the vowel , the kahako , lengthens the sound, as if the vowel were
doubled.)
Ha Ka La Ma Na Pa Wa 'A HaKaLa MaNa Pa Wa 'A

He Ke Le Me Ne Pe We 'E He Ke Le Me Ne Pe We 'E
Hi Ki Li Mi Ni Pi Wi 'I HI Kl U Ml Nl PI Wl'i
Ho Ko Lo Mo No Po Wo '0 Ho Ko Lo Mo No Po Wo 'O
Hu Ku Lu Mu Nu Pu Wu '0 HCi Ku Lu Mu Nu PCi Wu '0
b. Vocabulary
Listen to the tape and repeat these words aloud . Make flash- ~
cards to help yourself learn the words. Use colored index ( o-=-o J
cards. Nouns are orange, adjectives green. Be sure to use •. ·•
one color for nouns and a different color for adjectives. Do not write
ke or ka on the flashcard for nouns; instead, guess which is correct
with each noun.
Nouns Adjectives
ke akua god maika'i good, well, fine
ke kanaka human 'olu'olu kind , comfortable
ka lani heaven, chief maluhiluhi tired
ka honua earth ma'i sick, ill
ka wahine woman, wife hohono bad-smelling
ke kane man, husband 'a' ala fragrant, sweet-smelling
ka inoa name nui big
ka 'ohana family li'ili'i little
ke kupuna grandparent kahiko old
ka mo'opuna grandchild hou new
ka makua parent kaumaha heavy, sad
ke keiki child hau'oli happy
ke aloha love nani pretty
ka hoaaloha friend pupuka ugly
ke kula school momona sweet-tasting, fat
2 Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter 1
3
ka haumana student wiwi thin Self-Test 1-1
ke kumu teacher lo'ihi tall
ka 'olelo language, speech p6kole short Which greeting is correct at each of the times listed below?
~
Choose from aloha kakahiaka, aloha awakea, aloha
'auinala, aloha ahiahi. Check your answers in the answer
Note: Ka wahine means "the woman ." Ke kane means "the man." key section.
The rules for choosing either ke or ka to translate "the" are 1. 8: 10 a.m. 5. 7:13 p.m. 9. 5:30p.m.
explained in this chapter. Remember that wahine means "won1an," 2. 11 :25 a.m . 6. 10:50 a.m. 10. 9:34a.m.
kane means "man," and that other words can replace "the" before a 3. 1 :45 p.m. 7. 6:05p.m. 11. 12:04 p.m.
noun; for example, keia kane means "this man." 4 . 3 p.m . 8. 2:20p.m. 12. 9 p.m.
c. Useful Phrases In Hawaiian thinking , politeness means extending greetings to all
~
Read these phrases as you listen to them on the tape; then say
those present, including the person speaking. We do this by adding
them out loud several times by yourself. Make flashcards to the pronoun kcikou (us all) or kaua (you and me) to the end of our
help memorize these phrases as well. Make them blue or some
"aloha," whether we are saying "hello" or referring to a specific time
other color to distinguish them from nouns or adjectives.
of day . Kakou is used when three or more people are present ,
including the speaker. Kaua includes only two people , the person
Aloha kakou Greetings to all of us (3 or more).
speaking and the person spoken to . For example, Aloha kaua is used
Aloha kaua Greetings to both of us (you and me).
to say "Hello " in answering the telephone. Remember that when we
Aloha kakahiaka Good morning (6 a.m. to 10 a.m.). add these pronouns to our "good morning," "good noontime," "good
Aloha awakea Good noontime (1 0 a.m. to 2 p.m.). afternoon " or "good evening," kaua or kakou must be added to the
Aloha 'auinala Good afternoon (2 p.m . to 6 p.m.). end of the greeting, as in "aloha awakea kakou."
Aloha ahiahi Good evening (6 p.m. to 10 p.m .).**
Aloha kakahiaka kakou Good morning to us all. Self-Test 1-2
Aloha ahiahi kaua Good evening to both of us. Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian greeting next ~
'Ae Yes. to the correct translation. ~
'A'ole No.
Pehea 'oe? How are you? 1. Aloha ah iahi, e Momi. _Good noontime everyone.
Maika'i no au, mahalo. I'm very well, thanks. 20Aloha 'aui nal a. _ Hello to all of us.
Maluhiluhi au. I'm tired. 0Aloha kaua, e ko 'u hoaalohao
_ Good evening, Momi.
Ma'i 'oia. She's sick. 40Aloha kakahiaka kakou. _Hello, teacher.
Aloha kaua, e ke kumu Hello to you and me, teacher. 5° Aloha awakea kaua. _Good morning, Kainalu .
Aloha ahiahi, e Momi Good evening, Momi . 60 Aloha, eke kumu . _Good afternoon .
Aloha kakahiaka kakou, e ka papa Good morning to us all, class. 70 Aloha kakou.
_Hello to both of us, my friend.
8. Aloha kakahiaka, e Kain alu.
_Good morning to all of us.
**Note that in Hawaiian thinking, "morning" covers the hours up to 9. Aloha ahiah i kaua .
_Good noontime to you and me.
10 a .m. ; then "noontime" lasts from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. During those 10° Aloha awakea kakou.
_Good evening to you and me.
noon hours we say "good noontime," aloha awakea, rather than
~lo~a k_akahiaka. After 2 p.m. we switch to "good afternoon," aloha
au1nala, until 6 p.m.
Note also that these time periods are generally followed, but they are
not always strictly adhered to, especially among native speakers.
4 Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter 1 5
Homework 1-1 The teacher talks with the student.

Teacher: Good morning, student.
~ Translate the following greetings. Student: Yes, good morning, teacher.
Teacher: Student, how are you?
1. Good noontime. Student: I'm very well, thanks. And you, how are you?
2. Good morning. Teacher: I'm tired.
3. Hello to you and me.
4. Good evening to us all.
5. Good afternoon to you and me.
6. Good morning everyone.
7. Good evening to you and me.
8. Hello everyone.
9. Good noontime to us all.
10. Good evening.
d. Dialogs
Listen to the tape recording of these conversations and read
~ along as you listen. After listening a few times, read them
f.:ri:} out loud. If you have a partner, you can each read a differ-
ent part.
2. Kama'ilio 'o Kaipo me Kanani.

Kaipo: E Kanani, aloha 'auinala kaua!
Kanani: Aloha 'auinala, e Kaipo! Pehea kou 'ohana?
Kaipo: Maika'i ko'u 'ohana. Hau'oli lakou.
Kanani: Pehea kou kupuna? Ma'i 'o ia?
Kaipo: 'A'ole. Maika'i ko'u kupuna.
Kaipo talks to Kanani.

Kaipo: Kanani, good afternoon to you and me.
Kanani: Good afternoon, Kaipo. How's your family?
Kaipo: My family is well. They are happy.
Kanani: How is your grandparent? Is he sick?
Kaipo: No. My grandparent is fine.
1. Kama'ilio ke kumu me ka haumana.

Ke kumu: Aloha kakahiaka, e ka haumana.
Ka haumana: 'Ae, aloha kakahiaka, eke kumu.
Ke kumu: E ka haumana, pehea 'oe?
Ka haumana: Maika'i no au, mahalo. A 'o 'oe, pehea 'oe?
Ke kumu: Maluhiluhi au.
II. GRAMMAR SECTION Homework 1-2
a. Pronouns Read the English sentence; then fill in the blank in the ~
These are the Hawaiian singular pronouns: Hawaiian translation with the correct singular or plural ~
1. wau, au I pronoun.
Wau and au are interchangea bl e; some Hawaiian speakers
choose whichever sounds nicest in a particular sentence. 1. She is sick . Ma'i _ __
2. 'oe you 2. I am nice. 'Oiu 'olu _ _ _ _ .
'Oe refers to on e person only. 3. They are fine. Maika'i _ _ __
3. 'o ia he, she 4. Mehana, are you happy? E Mehana, hau 'oli _ _ __
'0 ia does not indicate whether the person being spoken 5. He is tired. Maluhiluhi _ _ _ _ .
about is male or fem ale, although we can usually tell from 6. We all are well. Maika'i _ _ _ _ .
context. 7. Yes, I am happy. 'Ae, hau 'oli _ __
8. You all are kind. 'Oiu'olu _ _ _ _ _ .
These are the Hawaiian plural pronouns: 9. Are they tired? Maluhiluhi _ _ __
kakou we, all of us 10. Is she sick? Ma 'i _ __
'oukou you all
lakou they, them
Did you notice that asking a question (Is she sick?) and making a
Note that the plural pronouns refer to at least three people. Hawaiian statement (She is sick.) have the same translation? The only differ-
has a separate set of pronouns to refer to two people , such as the ence is in intonation.
greeting "Aloha kaua," "Hello to you and me. " The pronoun system
in Hawaiian, as in other Polynesian languages , is more precise and b. Noun Announcers
more complicated than in English. In this book we will limit our- In Hawaiian, every noun must be preceded by a noun announcer.The
selves to the pronouns listed above , since they are similar to those noun announcer does precisely what its name says; it tells us "here
used in English. comes a noun." In English, we can leave out the noun announcer at
times, such as when we address someone by their title: "Teacher,
Pronouns Self-Test 1-3 how are you?" or when we talk about an institution: "I go to church
Draw a line from the English pronoun to the Hawaiian on Tuesday." In Hawaiian, we translate these sentences by literally
~ translation. saying "Hey the teacher, how are you?" and "I go to the church on
the Tuesday."
she lakou
I 'oe Teacher, how are you? E ke kumu, pehea 'oe?
we all 'o ia I go to church on Tuesday. Hele au i ka halepule rna ka po'alua.
he 'oukou
you all 'o ia Noun announcers are called demonstratives and possessives in Eng-
th ey all wau, au lish, words like the, this, that, my, your, their. In Hawaiian, noun
yo u (s ingular) kakou announcers are numerous and so frequently used that you will soon
memorize them.
1. ke or ka: which word for the?

Go back over the nouns in your vocabulary list. You will notice that
both ke and ka are used to translate the. Ka is the most commonly
used , for about 80 percent of Hawaiian words. If you have to guess between my and your is that because I'm special, things that are
whether to use ke or ka to translate "the," guess ka. Ke is the noun mine are indicated with an extra syllable. Practice saying ko'u
announcer used before words that begin with the letters k, a, e , o, makuahine , then kou makuahine several tim es . Another wa y in
such as ke kula, ke alanui, ke ea or ke ola. All other words take ka which Hawaiian differs from English is that kou refers only to a sin-
(with a few exceptions like ke po 'o). The only tricky situation is a gle person's things , while the English word your can refer to some-
word that begins with an ' okina: these words take ka , such as ka thing belonging to one, several or many persons. Be aware , then , that
'ehukai , ka 'a'ama and ka '()lelo. the noun announcer kou will not translate all the meanings of your.
Rem ember that kona refers to either a male or female possessor and
Self-Test 1-4 for ke or ka can be translated as his or her. Again , context will usually help you
~ Write ke or ka in the blank in front of each word. How did decide which sex owns the noun.
~ you know which one to choose?
Self-Test 1-6
1. kane 6. kaikamahine
2.
3.
wahine
aloha
4 . _ _ kupuna
7.
8.
ala
makua
9. _ _ imu
Matching. Write the number of the English phrase next to
its Hawaiian translation. ~
5. hale 10. _ _ 'opihi 1 . her schoo l kona hale
2. his house _ko'u halepule
2. kiHa and kela: this and that 3. your friend kona * kumu
4. my grandparent kou makuahine
Maika ' i keia kula . This schoo l is good . 5. her father kona ali'i
'Oiu 'olu kela hale? Is that building comfortable? 6. your mother _ ko ' u kupuna
7. my church kona makuakane
Keia is the noun announcer that translates this. Kela translates that. 8. his teacher kou aloha
Since all noun announcers can substitute for each other, you can 9. your love kou hoaaloha
practice them by using your noun flashcards. 10 . her chief kona kula
Self-Test 1-5 Read the Hawaiian phrases in the above Self-Test out loud. Then take
each noun and substitute all the noun announcers you know for the
~ Hold up a noun card and say it out loud with the appropri- possessive noun announcer. This can be a written as well as an oral
~ ate word for the (ke or ka). Then substitute keia or kela. practice.
Translate into English. For example, take the word makuakane ,
father. Say ka makuakane, keia makuakane, kela makuakane; the
father, this father, that father. Homework 1-3
3. ko'u, kou, kona: my, your, his/her
Nani kou hale! Your house is pretty!

Fi ll in the blanks with the correct noun announcer.
1. his student haumana

~
Ma ' i kona makuakane? Is her father iII? 2. your friend hoaaloha
Maika'i ko'u kula. My school is good . 3. that mother makuahine
4. this store halekO 'a i
These noun announcers are the possessive forms for the singular pro- 5. my love aloh a
nouns. Only the ' okina separates ko'u from kou; the difference 6. this woman wahine
7. her building hale III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES
8. that 'opihi _ _ 'opih i
9. his father makuakane a. Substitution Drills ~
10. your grandparent _ _ kupuna In each of the following phrases , substitute the words [ o.:.o)
lis ted for the underlined words. Listen to the tape for an •· ·•
example; then practice out loud on your own.
Homework 1-4
Aloha ka ua, e ka haumana. Aloha kakahiaka, e ka wahine.
~ Translate the following phrases into Hawaiian. ke kane. Aloha 'auinala
Ku 'ulei. Aloha awakea
1 . that school _ _ __ 6. the imu _ _ __ ko'u hoaaloha. Aloha kaua
2. my church _ _ __ 7. your teacher_ _ __ ke kumu. Aloha ahiahi
3. this store _ _ __ 8. that student._ _ __ Nalani. Aloha no
4. her love _ _ __ 9. his hat_ _ _ _ __
5. your husband _ _ __ 10. the house _ _ _ __ Pehea 'oe, e Kaleilani? Maika'i no au , mahalo.
ke kula Maluhiluhi
ke la hoaaloha Hau 'oli no
Homework 1-5 ko u* keiki Ma' i
keia hale Kaumaha
~ Translate the following dialogs from English into Hawaiian. kana* haumana 'Oiu 'o lu
1. Good evening. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Pehea kakou ? 'Oiu'olu kaua.

Hello to both of us. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 'o ia? ko'u kupuna .
How are you? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ kaua? 'o ia.
I'm tired! How are you? _ _ _ _ _ _ __ lakou? kana* kumu .
I'm fine. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 'oukou? lakou.
2. Good afternoon to all of us! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 'oe? ke kanaka.
Yes, good afternoon. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ wau? 'oukou .
How's school?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
School is fine. We're all happy. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ For an extra challenge, listen to the tape without looking at the book.
Good! See you later. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Do you understand everything? Can you trans cribe (write down)
Yes. Goodbye 'til we meet again. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ what you hear?
b. Picture Practice Mother: Good morning , teacher. This is Kaipo.

1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the Teacher: Yes , good morning to us all. Kaipo , how 's your mother?
picture. What are the names of the people? How are they related? Kaipo: My mother is fine , teacher.
What do they say to each other? Teacher: And you, how are you , child?
Kaipo: I'm really happy , teacher.
Teacher: That's good.
Kaipo: See you later, Mom.
Mother: Yes , see you later, Kaipo.
c. Listen and Learn

Listen to the tape and read along to learn about our 'aina. This story
will be repeated in each chapter with only the underlined words
changed as we talk about the different islands. This gives you a
chance to memorize a simple story about each island and to learn
that island's color, lei, mountain and famous chief. Let's start with
Ni'ihau.
2. We have made up a story about Kaipo Kealoha and his mother
~
greeting Kaipo 's teacher on the first day of school. Cover up
the English translation and read the Hawaiian while you
listen to the tape. Next , listen to the tap e alone. Do you
understand? If not, refer to the translation.
' 0 keia ka la mua i ke kula. Aia ' o Kaipo Kealoha me kana

makuahine ike kula. Ke kama'ilio nei laua me ke kumu.
Ka makuahine: Aloha kakahiaka, eke kumu. '0 Kaipo keia.

Ke kumu: ' Ae , aloha kakahiaka kakou. E Kaipo , peh ea kou
makuahine?
Kaipo: Maika'i ko 'u makuahine, eke kumu.
Ke kumu: A 'o 'oe, pehea 'oe, eke keiki? ' 0 Ni'ihau keia mokupuni. '0 Pu ' uwai ke kulanakauhale . He
Kaipo: Hau'oli no au , eke kumu. ke'oke'o ka waiho'olu'u no Ni'ihau. He lei pupil kana lei. '0 Kahele-
Ke kumu: Maika'i. lani ke ali'i kaulana no Ni'ihau. '0 Pani'au ke kuahiwi nani.
Kaipo: Aloha a hui hou, e Mama.
Ka makuahine: 'Ae, a hui hou, e Kaipo. This island is Ni'ihau. Pu'uwai is the town. The color of Ni'ihau is
white. Its lei is the shell lei. The famous chief of Ni'ihau is Kahele-
This is the first day at school. Kaipo Kealoha and his mother are at lani. The beautiful mountain is Pani' au.
school. They are talking with the teacher.
As a further listening challenge , we offer a more difficult ~

F:.~.: lJ story about each island. Listen along with the tape.
d. Mele
Here is a well-known song for Ni'ihau. Learn the words and ( o-=-o)
sing along with the tape. •· ·•
Ua kaulana na lei pupil o Ni'ihau. No Ni'ihau wale no keia 'ano lei. This song speaks to the shells of Ni'ihau and asks them to show their
Nui na waiho'olu'u o na pupil li'ili'i a nui no ho'i na inoa o na pupil. beauty. It also tells of someone's fond memories of his or her sweet-
'0 Kahelelani ka inoa o kekahi 'ana pupil. ' 0 Kahelelani ke ali 'i heart.
kaulana o Ni'ihau i ka wa kahiko. 'Olelo Hawai'i ka po'e o Ni'ihau a
himeni lakou nona pupil nani o ko lakou 'aina. Pii.pu 0 Ni'ihau,
composed by the Kanahele family of Ni'ihau
The shell leis of Ni'ihau are famous. This kind of lei is only from
Ni'ihau. There are many colors of the small shells and also many Pupil o Ni'ihau,
names for the shells . Kahelelani is the name of one kind of shell. 'Auhea 'oe?
Kahelelani was the famous chief of Ni'ihau in the ancient times. The Ho'ike a'e 'oe
people of Ni'ihau speak Hawaiian and they sing about the beautiful a i kou nani
shells of their land.
He nani hiehie
'oi kelakela
Ka 'i'ini nui ia
o ku'u pu'uwai
Ho mai kou aloha

a pili me a'u
i ko 'olua noho
kahi mehameha
I luna maua
a'o Ha'upu
Upu a'e ke aloha
nou e ka ipo
Ha'ina 'ia mai

ana ka puana
Pupu o Ni'ihau
'Auhea 'oe?
Chapter Two
DESCRIPTIVE SENTENCE PATIERN
a. Hakalama
Here is the first variation on th e Hakalama pronunciation ~
chart. Notice that we are now reading vertically down the [ o-=wo)
olumns. Listen to the tape and practice saying the syllables •· ·•
out loud.
Ha He Hi Ho Hu Ha He Hi Ho HO
Ka Ke Ki Ko Ku Ka Ke Ki Ko KO
La Le Li Lo Lu La Le Li Lo LO
MaMeMi MoMu Ma Me Mi Mo MO
Na Ne NiNo Nu Na Ne NiNo NO
Pa Pe Pi Po Pu Pa Pe Pi Po PO
WaWeWiWoWu WaWeWiWoWO
Try doubling the syllables for a practice variation. Say Haba, Hebe,
Hibi, Hobo, Hubu and so on. Another variation: what happens when
you mix the syllables? Say Habe, Habi, Habo, Habu, Heba, Hebi and
so on. What other variations can you come up with? Saying them out
loud gives good training to mouth muscles that must move in new
ways now. At the same time , you are helping to train your ears to
tu ne in to Hawaiian sounds.
b. Vocabulary
Make flashcards as discussed in the introductory chapter. ~
Nouns are orange, adjectives green . Do not include the [ o-=wo)
kalke noun announcer on your noun flashcard s; practice •· ·•
using all noun announcers with each noun.
Nouns Adjectives
ke ali'i chief, ro ya lty anuanu cold
ka maka'ainana commoner wei a hot
ke kai sea ikaika strong
ka 'aina land nawaliwali wea k
ke kupunakane grand fa ther akamai smart
ke kupunawahine grandmother na'aupo ignorant
ka pepe baby 'awiwi qui ck
ka mokupuni island lohi slow
ke kuahiwi mountain kokoke nea r (distance)
ka Ia sun, day mamao far (dista nce)

I!
ka maka'i policeman malie calm
ka hale house, building 'ina stormy, bad
ka halemaka'i pol ice station ala hea lth y
ka ha'awina lesson , homework pau fini shed, destroyed
ka puke book hal a passed by, dead
ke ki'i pi cture, image maka'u afraid
ka lolouila compute r koa courageou s
ka pepa paper kaulana famou s
ka papa class hanohano distin gui shed
c. Useful Phrases
F:.~.:J) Kau 'i talks with her new friend, Kealoha.

Welaka Ia. The sun is hot.
Kau 'i: Good noontime , Kealoha.
Wela keia Ia. Today is hot./ lt's hot today.
Kealoha: Yes, hello indeed. How's school , Kau'i?
Wela 'o Kala. Kala is hot.
Kau ' i: School's good. The teacher is very nice.
Wela ke kala. The money is hot.
Kealoha: Wow! The class is happy, huh?
ka Ia wela the hot sun, the hot day
Akamai ke kauka. The doctor is smart.
Akamai 'o Kauka. Kauka is smart.
Akama i 'o ia. She is smart.
kela kauka akamai that smart doctor
ko'u hale 'olu'olu my comfortable house
Aloha no! Too bad! How sad!
A hui hou! See you later!
Aloha a hui hou! Goodbye 'til we meet again!
E malama pono! Take care!
d. Dialogs
F;.~.: lJ
1. Kama'ilio 'o Kau'i me kana hoaaloha hou, 'o Kealoha.
Kau'i: Aloha awakea, e Kealoha.
Kealoha: 'Ae , aloha no. Pehea ke kula , e Kau'i?
2. Kama'ilio ka wahine me kana kupunakane.
Kau'i: Maika'i ke kula. 'Olu'olu no ke kumu.
Ka wahine: Wela keia la, e Tutu.
Kealoha: Aue! Hau'oli ka papa, 'ea?
Ke Kupunakane : 'Ae, wela no. Nawaliwali kou kupunawahine.
Ka wahine: Aue! Aloha no. Kaumaha 'o ia?
Ke Kupunakane: 'A'ole. Wela no ' o ia!
Ka wahine: 'A'ole maika'i keia wela. E malama pono!
The woman talks with her grandfather. Homework2-1 ~

The woman: It's hot today, grampa.
The grandfather: Yes, it's really hot. Your grandmother is weak. Pick just one green adjective flashcard, for example malie. ~
The woman: Gosh! Too bad! Is she sad? Say the adjective out loud; then add a pronoun as the Center subject.
The grandfather: No. She's very hot! What do the sentences you've made say? Who's malie? Make all the
The woman: This heat isn't good. Take care! pronouns malie. (Remember that you have to memorize the pro-
nouns : repeat them from memory as you create your sentences.)
II. GRAMMAR SECTION
a. Parts of the Hawaiian Sentence: Head and Center The second kind of subject is the name of a place or a person. In the
The simple Hawaiian sentence has two main parts: the Head and the Center position, all names must be preceded by 'o. This word is not
Center. translated into English, but must be present in Hawaiian. Remember
our discussion of noun announcer words? You can think of 'o as the
HEAD CENTER name announcer , if you like. No name can appear in the Center
Nani 'o ia. without its name announcer!
Nani keia Ia.
Nani 'o Kal a. HEAD CENTER
Nani kana makuahine. Kaulana 'o Kaipo. Kaipo is famous.
Kaulana 'o Wai 'anae. Wai 'anae is famous.
Note that each part can contain one or more words. Let 's focus first Kaulana 'o 'Anake Lehua. Aunty Lehua is famous.
on the center section. The Center section tells who or what the sen- Kaulana 'o Ka'O. Ka'O is famous.
tence is about. There are three different kinds of subjects found in the
center of Hawaiian sentences. Notice that Wai'anae and Ka'u are place names and they also require
a name announcer, just as people's names do.
b. Three Kinds of Center Subjects
Pronouns are the simplest type of subject, because they have just one Self-Test 2-2
word in the center. Review the pronouns you learned in the last
chapter. How many singular pronouns do you know? How many Compare and contrast the following pair of sentences. How are they
plural? Say all of them with the same descriptive word in the Head alike? Explain the difference in meaning.
position.
Nani ka pua. The flower is pretty.
HEAD CENTER Nani 'o Kapua. Kapua is pretty.
Hau 'oli wau. I am happy.
Hau 'oli kaua? Are we (you and I) happy? The distinction between the two sentences above is the name
Hau'oli kakou. We (all ) are happy. announcer. Without the name announcer, the Center in the second
sentence is not complete. Remember that all names (names of streets,
Self-Test 2-1 mountains, buildings, songs, and so forth) must have a name
announcer in front of them.
Which pronouns did we leave out? Make them happy, too.
Homework 2-2 Homework 2-4
~ Think of five place names in Hawai'i. Pick out one green Below are some possible Center subjects. Circle the ones ~
~ adjective flashcard, such as hanohano , to start a sentence that are not complete and explain why they can't be used. ~
about the first place. Continue making sentences until you've made
each place "hanohano ." Repeat with five names of people you know. 1. Lana'i 5. Keola 9. 'o Mehana
Write these ten sentences down. Circle the Center and underline the 2. lakou 6. ke wahine 10. lawai 'a
Head in each sentence. 3. hale 7. 'o ia 11. ka papale
4. kou hoaaloha 8. keia kumu 12. Wai 'a le'a le
The third type of subject is the noun announcer plus noun combina-
tion. How many noun announcers do you know from the greetings c. Descriptive Sentence Pattern
chapter? Say aloud five that you can recall from memory.** Choose Our first sentence pattern is based on the Pehea 'oe? Maika'i no au
one new noun from this chapter and recite all the possible noun question and answer learned in our first chapter on greetings. The
announcer words that can go in front of it. What word will you use response "I'm fine" describes how you feel. Review other responses
for "the"? Review the rules for choosing ke or ka. Why is it ke you have learned. What if you were sad, tall or purple? You tell us
kauka , but not ke lawai'a? What do keia kauka and kela lawai 'a about yourself with this same kind of sentence. Is your house big, old
mean? What do kona hale and kou ka'a mean? and comfortable? Use a descriptive sentence to tell us a trait, quality,
or characteristic of any person, place or thing.
HEAD CENTER
lkaika kela wahine . That woman is strong. Nani no 'o Hana . Hana is really beautiful.
lkaika kou makuakane? Is your father strong? Li 'ili'i keia haleku 'a i. This store is small.
lkaika ke ku la. Schoo l is strong. 'Oiu'olu 'o ia. She is kind . (or) He is kind.
lkaika kona ka 'a. Her (his) car is strong. 'Oiu'olu kou halekula? Is your school building comfortable?
Wela no keia Ia! Today is very hot!
Remember that without a noun announcer your noun is "naked" and
the Center is not complete. Without a noun announcer, the meaning Self-Test 2-3
of your sentence is lost. Just as each place name or personal name
must be preceded by a name announcer, so also each noun must be Look at the Hawaiian sentences above. What is each sen- ~
preceded by a noun announcer. tence talking about? Circle the Center in each sentence. P"4
What is said about the Center? Underline the descriptive ~
**These should include keia, kela , ke or ka , ko'u, kou and kona. word in each sentence.
Self-Test 2-4
Homework 2-3
Look at the following English sentences. What is each sen- ~
~ Here are words that would like to become Center subjects. tence talking about? Circle the subject in these sentences. P"4
However, each is incomplete and can't be used as a Center. What is said about that subject? Underline the descriptive ~
Complete them so that they can be used. What did you add? word in each sentence.
1. Kilauea (a place name) is cold .
1. Moloka'i 4. Naihe 7. La'ie 10. W ai lau 2. Your grandmother is tall.
2. kaikamahine 5. ha leku la 8. kumu 11. aloha 3. This island is pretty.
3. kane 6. hoaa loha 9. imu 12. kupunawahine 4. Melia is slow.
5. The chief is smart.
Chapter 2 25
24 Learn Hawaiian at Home
Homework 2-6
How do you n1ake a descriptive sentence? Begin with an adjective in
the Head or first part of the sentence. How do you say Puanani is Matching. Write the number of the English sentence in ~
small? Li'ili'i 'o Puanani. Sometimes you will add no after the front of the correct translation. ~
descriptive word for emphasis. No can be translated "very, indeed,
1. My mother is strong. _Maluhiluhi no kela mahi 'ai.
really." You already know what can go in the Center. How do you
say Puanani is very happy? Hau'oli no 'o Puanani. 2. Aunty Lehua is little. _Hau'oli 'o Leina 'ala.
3. The carpenter is really sad. _Maika'i 'oe?
HEAD: adjective CENTER 4. Leina'a la is happy. _ lkaika ko'u makuahine.
Nani no 'o Puanani. 5. Your house is indeed old . _Kaumaha no ke kamana.
Maluhiluhi ka haumana 6. Is that student smart? Li'ili ' i 'o 'Anake Lehua.
Anuanu kakou 7. Her school is famous. _Ma'i no wau .
8. That farmer is very tired. Kahiko no kou hale.
How do you say Puanani is healthy? quick? courageous? You are 9. Are you we ll? _Kaulana kana kula.
telling us a characteristic, quality, or trait about who or what is in the 10. I'm real ly sick. _Akamai ke la haumana?
Center.
Now divide the Hawaiian sentences into sections . Circle the Center
subject and underline the Head.
Homework 2-5
~ Start with a green flashcard; then pick any orange noun Homework 2-7
~ flashcard to complete your sentence. What noun announcer
did you use? Practice changing your noun announcer word in each What do these questions and answers mean? Circle the ~
sentence you create . Don't make flashcards for the noun announcer descriptive word. Draw a line between the Head and Cen- ~
words : you must memorize them! Write down ten sentences you've ter.
created . Circle the Center and underline the Head. Now use just
your green cards to begin ten more sentences. Finish 5 sentences 1. Kaulana 'o Kaha'i? 5. Ma' i ko'u makuakane?
with pronouns and 5 with names in the Center. 2. 'Ae, Kaulana 'o ia. 6. 'A'ole. Maluhiluhi kou makuakane.
3. Kaulana kana hoaaloha? 7. Maluhiluhi 'oe?
Why does the adjective/descriptive word come first in the Hawaiian 4. 'Ae, kau lana no kana hoaaloha. 8. 'A'ole. Maika' i au.
sentence? Hawaiian was an oral language for thousands of years. Our
kupuna didn't get a "second glance" at the sentence; the first words
they heard told them the most essential information . Don't forget that Homework 2-8
English word order is different from Hawaiian!
Translate the following into Hawaiian. ~
1. That store is old. 6. This fisherman is hot.
2. He is smart. 7. Hila is cold.
3. Her friend is nice. 8. Nu 'umealani is tired.
4. My grandfather is big. 9. I'm sick.
5. The farmer is famous. 10. Your house is pretty!
Chapter 2 27
Aue! _ ke kaikamahine, pehea 'oe?
Homework 2-9
Maika' i wau, _ Leialoha. Pehea _ Kalehua?
~ Earlier we suggested using color-coded flashcards to learn

Ma'i _ Kalehua, _ ke kaikamahine.
~ your vocabulary. If nouns are orange, but adjectives are

A hui hou. Leialoha.
'Ae, aloha a hui hou , ke kaikamahine.
green, you can also use the flashcards to help you learn sentence pat-
terns . Pick any green card (adjective) and place it in the Head posi-
Homework 2-10
tion. Pick any orange card (noun) and place it in the Center position.
Did you remember to include a noun announcer before the noun?
What does your sentence say? Practice mixing vocabulary cards from
several chapters to extend your list of possibilities.
Draw a line from the Hawaiian to the correct translation.
~
1. Eke kumu , nawaliwali 'o Keali ' i? Yes, girl. Lahaina is hot.
2. 'Ae, eke kaikamahine. Wela 'o Lahaina . Is he smart, my friend?
d. Talking to someone and talking about someone: ~ and 'o Namau'u, how is Melelani?
3. 'A'ole . Maika ' i no 'o Keali'i , eke keiki.
Look back over the dialogs of this and the previous chapter to see Fisherman , is Uluwehi poor?
4. Akamai 'o ia, e ko 'u hoaaloha?
how the words e and 'o are used. What kinds of words does e come Teacher, is Keali ' i weak?
5. 'Ae. ' Eieu kela kane, e ka wahine.
before? You know that 'o is a name announcer and comes before Yes, that man is lively, lady.
6. E Namau'u, pehea 'o Melelani?
names , usually people's names, but also before place names, names No. Keali ' i is very well, boy.
7. Hau 'oli ko ' u* popoki , e Kau'i.
of stores, cars, houses , and so forth. Like 'o, e is not translated into My cat is happy, Kau ' i.
8. E ka lawai 'a, ' ilihune 'o Uluwehi?
English, but is crucial to meaning in the Hawaiian sentence.
Homework 2-11
E is used to indicate that we are talking directly to someone. If I
say Aloha, e Kamalu (Hello, Kamalu), I am talking to Kamalu. The e
calls Kamalu's attention to the fact that I'm talking to him. If I say E
ke kauka , aloha ahiahi (Doctor, good evening), again I'm talking
Translate the following into Hawaiian. ~
1. How is Maui , Kainoa?
directly to the doctor.
2. Maui is pretty, my friend.
E can come before noun announcer plus noun combinations as
3. Grandmother, is Leilehua sick?
well as before names and conveys the idea of "Hey, you, listen up.
4. Yes, Makana. Leilehua is sick.
I'm talking to you." Remember that in addressing someone by his or
5. No, Makana. Leilehua is well.
her title (police officer, minister, teacher, father), we must use both e
and the noun announcer:
E ka maka'i, pehea 'oe? (Hey the police officer, how are you?). In III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS , DIALOGS, STORIES
contrast, 'o is used when we are talking about someone instead of
talking to that person. When I ask Pehea 'o Lokomaika'i? , Lokomai- a. Substitution Drills ~ o~o)
ka'i could be in the next room or in the Marquesas , since I'm not talk- Kaumaha 'o ia. keia haleku 'a i li 'ili 'i •· ·•
ing to him. o Kaleialoha . wela
ke ali'i? Hawai 'i
Self-Test 2-5 'a'a la
'oe.
kona kupunakane kaulana
~ Fill in the blank using e or 'o. Decide whether you are talk-
~ ing to or about the person. Then, translate into English.
_ Leialoh a, aloha awakea kaua!

Aloha kaua, _ ke kaikamahine. Pehea _ Nainoa?
M aluhiluhi _ Nainoa, _ Leialoha.
28 Chapter 2 29
Learn Hawaiian at Home
Nani ka wahine nui. Wela kou hoaaloha akamai ? 2. Hello to both of us , teacher.
'o Lahela Ma ' i nawaliwali? Good morning, Ku'ulei.
kana halekula Pehea rna lie? How's the student?
ka mahi'ai Hau 'oli na'aupo? She's fine, thanks.
kou makuahine lkaika Haole? 3. Father (formal), hello.
keia hale 'Oiu 'o lu 'awiwi? Hello, Mokihana.
How's the store?
b. Practice with a Partner The store is fine.
Are you happy?
~
Work the substitution drills in section a with a partner.
Read the whole phrase to your partner. She will repeat after Yes, I'm really happy.
you. Tell your partner the underlined word; then say the
first substitute word or words. She will repeat the entire phrase ,
replacing the underlined word with the substitute. Listen to the first c. Picture Practice
Substitution Drill in Chapter 1 for an example. Switch off being the 1. Look at the pictures below. Make up a story to go along with the
teacher and the student. Have your partner read phrases and sen- pictures.
tences that you create with your flashcards. Translate. Turn some
descriptive sentences into questions. How did you do that? Next add
emphasis to the Head. What did you add?
Ask the following questions. Have your partner answer, choosing one
of the clues provided. Repeat both question and answer; have your
partner do the same. Listen to the examples on our tape.
1. Pehea kou makuakane? Maika'i no ko'u makuakane.

2. Hau 'oli ke keiki ikaika? 'Ae, nui no kana hale kahiko.
3. Pehea 'o Kaua 'i? 'Ae, hau 'oli ke keiki ikaika.
4. Nui kana hale kahiko? 'A'ole, kaumaha 'oia.
5. Pehea keia halepule kaulana? Malie 'o Kaua ' i.
'Oiu 'olu keia halepule kaulana.
Pupuka keia halepule kaulana .
'A'ole, li ' ili ' i kana hale.
Homework 2-12
~ Translate the following dialogs into Hawaiian.

~ Then, read you.r dialogs out loud by yourself or with a
partner.
1. Good evening, lady. What are the names of the people? How are they related? What do
Good evening. How are you? they say to each other?
I'm really tired. See you later.
Yes , goodbye.
2. We've made up a story about '!lima and her grandfa- ~ d. Listen and Learn
ther. Listen to the story on the tape several times as you { o-=-o)
read along. Now read the story aloud without listening •· ·•
Our new island is Kaua'i.
F~-~.: 1)
to the tape. Listen to your pronunciation and phrasing. How smooth '0 Kaua'i keia mokupuni. '0 Lihu'e ke kulanakauhale. He poni ka
and fluent do you sound? waiho'olu'u no Kaua'i. He lei mokihana kana lei. '0 Manokalanipo
ke ali'i kaulana no Kaua'i. '0 Wai'ale'ale ke kuahiwi nani.
Kama'ilio 'o '!lima me kana kupunakane. This island is Kaua'i. Lihu'e is the town. The color of Kaua'i is pur-
'!lima: Pehea 'oe, e ko'u kupunakane? ~ Its lei is the mokihana lei. The famous chief of Kaua'i is
Ke kupunakane: Hau'oli wau. A 'o 'oe, pehea 'oe, e '!lima? Manokalanipo. The beautiful mountain is Wai'ale'ale.
'!lima: Kaumaha 'o Papa. Aka, maika'i no wau.
Ke kupunakane: Kaumaha 'o Papa? He aha ka pilikia?
'!lima: 'Eha kana wawae, e Tutu. Ma'i 'o ia. Here is a slightly more difficult story provided largely as a ~
Ke kupunakane: Aloha no! listening exercise. If you feel ready for a challenge, read it ( o.ao)
onto a tape and listen to yourself. How does your pronunci- •· ·•
!lima talks with her grandfather. ation sound when compared with our version?
'!lima: How are you, grandfather?
Grandfather: I'm happy. And you, how are you, '!lima? He mokupuni nani no 'o Kaua'i. Kaulana na pali o kela mokupuni
'!lima: Daddy's sad. But, I'm very well. kahiko. Nui na po'e maka'ika'i e hahai ana i ke alahele mai Ha'ena
Grandfather: Daddy's sad? What's the problem? mai a hiki i ke awawa 'o Kalalau. Ua kapa ' ia keia 'ao'ao o ka
'!lima: His leg is sore, Grandpa. He 's sick. mokupuni 'o Napali, no ka nui o na pali ki'eki 'e o laila. '0
Grandfather: Too bad! Hanakapi'ai ke kahakai mua rna kela alahele. Ua 'ike paha 'oe i ka
nani o Kaua'i , ka mokupuni "hemolele i ka malie"?
Kaua'i is a very beautiful island. The cliffs of that old island are
famous . Many tourists follow the trail from Ha'ena to Kalalau Valley.
This side of the island is called Napali, due to the numerous tall
32 Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter Three
cliffs there. The first beach on this trail is Hanakapi'ai. Have you p er- '0 WAIIDENTIFICATION SENTENCE PATIERN:
haps seen the beauty of Kaua'i, the island "pristine in calmness"? WHOAREYOU?
a. Hakalama
Here is our second variation on the Hakalama chart, which is a dupli-
cation of the vowel. The repeated vowel requires an 'okina before it.
Look for these words in the Hawaiian dictionary; how many of them
have a meaning?
Ha'a Ka'a La'a Ma'a Na'a Pa'a Wa'a 'A'a
He'e Ke'e Le'e Me'e Ne'e Pe'e We'e 'E'e
Hi'i Ki'i Li'i Mi'i Ni'i Pi'i Wi'i 'l'i
Ho'o Ko'o Lo'o Mo'o No'o Po'o Wo'o 'O'o
Hu'u Ku'u Lu'u Mu'u Nu'u Pu'u Wu'u 'U'u
Write out your own Hakalama variation chart with the kahako . It
should begin with Ha'a Ka'a La'a and so forth. Next, read vertically
e. Mele
down the lines of the chart above: say Ha'a He'e Hi'i Ho'o Hu'u. Read
E:.~.:1J
down each row; then do the same for the chart with the kahako.
b. Vocabulary
Learn the words to "Maika'i Kaua'i" and sing along with the tape .
Nouns Adjectives
This song mentions several places on Kaua'i, including its famous ka lawai'a fisherman lepo dirty
mountain Wai'ale'ale; its lei , the mokihana; and the characterization ka i'a fish ma'ema'e clean
"Kaua'i hemolele i ka malie," "Kaua'i pristine in calmness." ka mahi'ai farmer pololi hungry
ka mala ga rd en ma'ona full of food , satiated
Maika'i Kaua'i (composer unknown) ka makuakane father makewai thirsty
ka makuahine mother ken a not thirsty, quenched
Maika'i wale no Kaua'i ka pua flower mohala open (flower)
Hemolele wale i ka malie ka lei garland mae wi I ted (flower)
Kuahiwi nani, Wai 'ale'ale ke kumula'au tree lawa enough
Lei ana i ka mokihana. ka meakanu plant makaukau prepared, ready
ke kalo taro 'ono delicious
Hui: ka mai'a banana hamama opened
Maika'i no Kaua'i ka hana job, activity pa'a closed
Hemolele i ka malie ka pa'ani game niele nosy, inquisitive
Kuahiwi Wai'ale'ale ka hula dance hemahema awkward, unskilled
Lei ana i ka mokihana. ke alaka'i leader no'eau clever, skilled
ke mele song hewa wrong
ka 'u hane spirit pololei correct
c. Useful Phrases c. Dialogs
F~-~.: 1) F~-~.:1)
E Kaipoleimanu . (Hey) Kaipoleimanu
Eke kane. (Hey) si r, gentleman
E ka wahine. (Hey) lady
Aue! Gosh! wow! too bad!
E kala mai. Excuse me; I' m sorry.
E 'olu'olu. Please.
Mahala. Thank you.
'A'ole pilikia. No trouble/problem (you ' re welcome). **
'0 wai kou inoa? What's your name?

'0 Kaleipua ko'u inoa. Kaleipua is my name.
'0 wai kona inoa? What's his name?

'0 Mamo kona inoa. Mama is his name. 1. Kama'ilio ka mahi'ai me ka lawai'a.
Ka mahi 'ai: '0 wai kou inoa?
'0 wai 'o ia? Who is she? Ka lawai'a: '0 Kaipoleimanu ko'u inoa.
'0 Nohea 'o ia. She is Nohea. Ka mahi'ai: '0! '0 Kaipoleimanu kou inoa? '0 Nalu ko'u inoa.
Ka lawai'a: '0 wai ka inoa o kou makuakane, e Nalu?
'0 wai kela ali'i hanohano? Ka mahi'ai: '0 La'akea ka inoa o ko'u makuakane. '0 Kauhi ko 'u inoa
Who is that distinguished chief? 'ohana.
Ka lawai 'a: Aue! '0 La'akea Kauhi kana inoa? Kama'aina au i kou
'0 Kauikeaouli kela ali'i hanohano. makuakane!
Th at distinguished ch ief is Kauikeaouli .
The farmer talks with the fisherman.
The farmer: What's your name?
**Note that there is no Hawaiian equivalent for the English phrase The fisherman: My name is Kaipoleimanu.
"you're welcome" used in response to "thank you." 'A'ole pilikia The farmer: Oh! Your name is Kaipoleimanu? My name is Nalu.
means "no problem" and can be used for "you 're welcome." You The fisherman : What's the name of your father , Nalu?
could also simply say "mahalo. " The farmer: The name of my father is La'akea. My family name is
Kauhi.
The fisherman: Wow! His name is La'akea Kauhi? I know your father !
II. GRAMMAR SECTION
a. '0 wai kou inoa: What's your name?

Greeting someone, saying aloha, is important in Hawaiian culture. If
you do not first exchange greetings, you are not being polite. Again
for politeness, you then ask how the person you've just greeted feels
today. When meeting someone new, you sh ould be polite and not ask
his or her name until you have first greeted that person and asked
how he or she is. Then you are ready to learn how to ask what's your
name?
'0 wai kou inoa? What's your name?

'0 Kalei ko'u inoa. Kalei is my name.
What are the words that change in answering the question? First,
notice that the question word wai (who) is simply replaced with the
2. Kama'ilio 'o Kalei me Palakiko a me Nu'umealani. name in the answer. Second, the question asks for "kou ina a," "your
Kalei : Aloha 'auinala kakou. E Palakiko, 'o wai ka inoa o kou name"; the answer responds with "ko'u inoa," "my name. "
hoaaloha?
Palakiko : Aloha 'auinala, e Kalei. '0 Nu'umealani keia. Although the '0 is needed in both question and answer, it does not
Kalei : Ho! Nani kou inoa, e Nu'umealani. translate into English. The 'o at the beginning of the sentence func-
Nu'umealani: Mahala, e ka wahine. '0 Ku'ulei kou inoa? tions in Hawaiian just like a name announcer does; it both gives the
Kalei: 'A'ole. '0 Kalei ko'u inoa, e Nu'umealani. listener a clue that a name is coming and also emphasizes the name.
Nu'umealani: Aue! E kala mai, e Kalei. Asking for the name of a person or place is translated by 'o wai in
Kalei: 'A'ole pilikia. Aloha a hui hou kakou! Hawaiian; wai cannot stand alone. Unlike English, Hawaiian asks
Palakiko a me Nu'umealani: A hui hou ! "Who 's your name? " instead of "What's your name?"
Kalei speaks with Palakiko and Nu'umealani. Notice how similar the words for your and my are in Hawaiian. The
Kalei : Good afternoon everyone. Palakiko, what's the name of your word for my is ko'u. The word for your is kou. Alternate saying "my
friend? name ," ko'u inoa, and "your name ," kou inoa, out loud for a few
Palakiko: Good afternoon, Kalei . This is Nu'umealani. minutes. Can you hear the extra syllable in ko'u? It's there because
Kalei: Wow! Your name is pretty, Nu'umealani. I'm special, so I get an extra sound (this may be helpful in distin-
Nu'umealani: Thanks, lady. Is your name Ku'ulei? guishing between my and your, but it is not a Hawaiian thought!) .
Kalei : No. My name is Kalei, Nu'umealani.
Nu'umealani: Gosh! Excuse me , Kalei. Asking for the name of a third person is easier because the pronoun
Kalei: No problem. Goodbye 'til we all meet again! possessive ("kona, " "his/her") stays the same in both question and
Palakiko and Nu'umealani: See you later! answer. '0 wai kona inoa? '0 Melia kona inoa. All you have to do in
the answer is substitute the person's name for the question word wai.
Remember that kona means both his and her. Ko'u, kou and kona are
noun announcers and may take the place of ke/ka or ktHa/kiHa
before nouns.
Self-Test 3-1 Homework 3-3
~ Translate the following phrases. Translate th ese question s and answers into Hawaiian. ~
1. your name 5. my car 9. your friend 1. What is his name? His name is Kamanu.
2. his house 6. his name 10. her name 2. What's your name? My name is Melelani.
3. her store 7. your father 11. his mother 3. Me lelani is your nam Is your name Kamanu?
4. my name 8. her church 1 2. my husband 4. No, my name is Kawehiokekai. Hel lo, Kawehiokekai.
5. Melelani, what's my name? Your name is Namaka.
6. Is Namaka my name? Yes, Namaka is my name.
Homework 3-1 7. What is her name, sir (man)? Her name is Nan i, lady.
8. Father, is your name Hau'olimau? No, my name is H au'olikeola.
~ Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next
~ to the correct English translation. b. '0 Wai Pattern Variations: Changing the Center
1. '0 wai kona inoa? _ What's your name? In Chapter Two we found that our beginning-level sentence patterns
2. '0 Niuli'i ko'u inoa. _ Makanani is your name. will have only two sections, the verb or Head section and the subject
3. '0 wai ko'u inoa? _ Wai'o lu is her name. or Center section.
4. '0 Keali'i ko'u inoa? _ Niu li'i is my name .
5. '0 Makanani kou inoa. _ What's her name? Our question '0 wai kou inoa? can be divided into two main sec-
6. '0 wai kou inoa? _ Heanu is my name. tions:
7.'0 Wai'olu kona inoa. _ Kea li' i is your name.
8. '0 Niuli'i kou inoa? _ Wha t is my name? HEAD: what/who CENTER: subject
9. '0 Heanu ko'u inoa. _ I s Keali'i my name? 'Owai kou inoa?
10. '0 Keali 'i kou inoa. _ I s Niuli'i your name?
We can ask different who questions by changing the subject section
Read the Hawaiian out loud. Which answers are appropriate respons- of our sentence. How would you ask Who's your friend? Answer: '0
es to each question? There may be more than one appropriate wai kou hoaaloha? This subject substitution is our first variation on
response. the basic '0 wai kou inoa pattern.
We can place any kind of subject into the Center subject position,
Homework 3-2 such as a pronoun, name announcer plus name , or noun announcer
plus noun . If you answer the phone and want to know who's on the
~ Fill in the blank with the correct possessive pronoun. line, how would you say Who is this? Answer: '0 wai keia? Keia
and kela are the only noun announcers that can stand by themselves
What is her name? '0 wai inoa? as subjects in some patterns .
Her name is Lehua . '0 Lehua ___ inoa. It is understood that the
What's your name? '0 wai inoa? HEAD CENTER noun they announce in this
My name is Kawika . '0 Kawika ___ inoa. 'Owai kou inoa? usage is mea, meaning one,
What's my name, mother? '0 wai _ __ inoa, e ka makuahine? 'Owai kou hoaaloha? person, thing. Therefore '0
Your name is Keikilani. '0 Keikilani ___ inoa. 'Owai keia? wai keia? is understood to
Ku'ulei , what's his name? E Ku 'ulei, 'o wai _ _ inoa? 'Owa i 'o ia. mean '0 wai keia mea? or
Hi s name is Nohea. '0 Nohea inoa. 'Owa i 'o Waiola? Who is this person?
Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter 3 41
40
b. Picture Practice
~ Self-Test 3-2
1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the
Translate the following into Hawaiian. picture . What are the names of the people? How are they related?
What do they say to each other?
1. Who's that? 6. Who is this child?
2. Who is th e teacher? 7. Who is Kawika?
3. Who are you? 8. Who's my friend?
4. Who is that man? 9. Who's your father?
5. Who is she? 10. Who are we (a ll )?
III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES

a. Substitution Drills
F~-~.:1)
'0 wai keia makuahine? E ke kauka, aloha 'aui nala!
kana ka 'a? Healani
ka halekO 'ai? ka lawai 'a
kou hoahanau?
kela mokupuni?
ko'u* popoki?
ke kapena
Kahulu
ka papa
2. We have made up a story about two friends eating lunch
near the un1vers1ty.
E:..,.:
.. ..
))
E Puamelia, wai kou hoaaloha? '0 wai 'o Ke'eaumoku ?
'o
Ke kama'ilio nei 'o Lihau me kana hoaaloha. '0 Nai'a ka inoa o kona
ko'u* keiki Maile keia? hoaaloha. Aia 'o Lihau a me Nai'a i ka hale 'aina. Kokoke keia hale
ka makuakane kela kona kupunawahine? 'aina i ke kula nui. Nui na haumana e hele mai ana no ka 'aina
wau 'o ia? awakea.
Lihau
ke kapena Keawe ke kauka?
keia wahine 'o Naihe? Lihau: E Nai'a, 'o wai ka inoa o kela wahine? He haumana 'o ia rna ke
AI on a
kula nui? Kama'aina 'oe ia ia?
For an extra challenge, listen to the tape without looking at the book. Nai' a: 'Ae. '0 Mama kana inoa. '0 ko 'u hoaaloha 'o ia. E Mama ,
Do you understand everything? Can you transcribe what you hear? aloha awakea!
Mama: Aloha no , e Nai'a. '0 wai ka inoa o kou hoaaloha?
Nai'a: '0 Lihau keia. E Lihau , 'o ko'u hoaaloha keia. '0 Mama kana
ina a.
Lihau: Aloha, e Mama. Pehea 'oe i keia awakea?
Mama: Maluhiluhi au, e Lihau. Nui kahana rna ke kula.
Lihau: 'Ae, pololei 'oe. Nui kahana.
Lihau is talking with her friend. Her friend 's name is Nai'a. Lihau
and Nai'a are at a restaurant. This restaurant is close to the universi- Do you remember the names in the story for Ni'ihau? for Kaua'i? See
ty. There are lots of students coming in for lunch. if you can fill in the blanks without looking back at the previous
chapters.
Lihau: Nai'a, what's the name of that woman? Is she a student at the
university? Do you know her? '0 Ni 'iha u keia mokupuni. '0 ke kulanakauhale. He _ _ __
Nai'a: Yes. Her name is Mama. She's my friend. Mama, good noon ka waiho'olu 'u no . He lei kana lei . '0 ke ali'i
time! kaulana no . '0 ke kuahiwi nani.
Mama: Hello indeed, Nai'a. What's the name of your friend?
Nai'a: This is Lihau. Lihau, this is my friend. Her name is Mama. '0 Kaua'i keia mokupuni. '0 ke kulanakauhale. He _ _ __
Lihau: Hello , Mama. How are you this noon? ka waiho 'o lu ' u no . He lei kana lei. '0 ke ali'i
Mama: I'm tired, Lihau. There's a lot of work at school. kau lana no . '0 ke kuahiwi nani .
Lihau: Yes , you're right. Lots of work.
As a further listening challenge, we offer a more difficult F l) ..,. \

c. Listen and Learn story about O'ahu island. .. ..
0
1
0
E:.~.: 1) Our new island is O'ahu.

Nui ka po'e e noho ana rna ka mokupuni 'o O'ahu. Aia ke kapikala o
keia pae'aina rna laila. Noho ke kia'aina rna Honolulu. ' 0 John
'0 O'ahu keia mokupuni. ' 0 Honolulu ke kulanakauhale. He Waihe'e ka inoa o ke kia'aina. He Hawai'i 'o ia. Noho 'o Waihe'e rna
melemele ka waiho ' olu'u no O'ahu. He lei 'ilima kana lei. '0 ka hale 'o Washington Place. Kokoke 'o Washington Place i ka hale
Kakuhihewa ke ali'i kaulana no O'ahu. '0 Ka'ala ke kuahiwi nani. ali'i 'o 'Iolani. He kulanakauhale nui 'o Honolulu a nui na ka'a e
halo wikiwiki ana rna '6 a rna 'ane'i. Nui no ho'i ka po'e maka'ika'i
mai na 'aina 'e mai e kipa mai ana ina hokele rna Waikiki.
This island is O'ahu. Honolulu is the town. The color of O'ahu is

yellow. Its lei is the 'ilima lei. The famous chief of O'ahu is Kakuhi-
hewa. The beautiful mountain is Ka'ala. There are lots of people living on the island of O'ahu. The capital of
this island chain is there. The governor lives in Honolulu. The name
of the governor is John Waihe'e. He's a Hawaiian. Waihe'e lives in a
44 Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter Four
house named Washington Place. Washington Place is near 'Iolani HE AHA SENTENCE AND IDENTIFICATION
Palace. Honolulu is a large city and there are lots of cars going quick- PATIERN: WHAT'S THIS?
ly here and there. There are also lots of tourists from foreign lands
visiting the hotels in Waikiki.
d. Mele
a. Hakalama
~
~
Here is a well known song for O'ahu. This song speaks of Here is another variation of the Hakalama chart; as in Chap-
the beauty of the flowers of the 'ilima lei, the lei for O'ahu. ter Three, we are adding a second vowel to the basic sylla- ~
The word "pua" also implies the people of O'ahu , the well- ble, but now we change the second vowel. •· ·•
known "center of the islands."
Ha'e Ka'e La'e Ma'e Na'e Pa'e Wa'e 'A'e
He'a Ke'a Le'a Me'a Ne'a Pe'a We'a 'E'a
Na Pua ka 'Ilima, by Kau'i Zuttermeister Hi'e Ki'e Li'e Mi'e Ni'e Pi'e Wi'e 'l'e
Ho'a Ko'a Lo'a Mo'a No'a Po'a Wo'a 'O'a
Nani wale na pua lei ka 'ilima Hu'e Ku'e Lu'e Mu'e Nu'e Pu'e Wu 'e 'U'e
'0 ka u'i ho'oheno o Kakuhihewa
Read down each column: Ha'e He'a Hi'e Ho'a Hu'e. Read each line
Kulana hiehie me ka hanohano fro m right to left: 'A'e Wa'e Pa'e Na'e Ma'e and so forth. Make up
Ha'aheo i ka maka ke 'ike aku your own chart with kahak6 variations: Ha'e Ka'e La'e Ma'e or Ha'e
Ka'e La'e Ma'e. We've added only the letters e or a as the second let-
Ho'ohihi ka mana'o i laila ters in each line. Make up your own Hakalama variation by substitut-
Na pua lei 'ilima e kaulana nei ing i, o or u: Ho'i Ko'i Lo'i. What comes next?
Kaulana na pua lei ka 'ilima

Ke kikowaena o na 'ail ana
b. Vocabulary
Nouns Adjectives
F:.~.: lJ
'Ohu'ohu wale a ina malihini ke kinai ahi firefighter waiwai valuable, wealthy
Ka nani kaulana poina 'ole ke kauka doctor 'ilihune poor
ka haukapila hospital hilahila embarrassed, ashamed
Ha'ina 'ia mai ana ka puana ke keikikane son, boy ha'aheo proud
Na .pua lei 'ilima e kaulana nei ke kaikamahine daughter, girl pono righteous
ke kino body kupono appropriate, proper
ka pu'uwai heart u'i beautiful (people)
ke po'o head pa'akiki difficult, hard
ka maka eye, face ma'alahi easy
ka lima hand, arm pipi'i expensive
ka wawae foot, leg emi cheap
ke kua back 'eleu lively
ka waha mouth moloa lazy
ka 'opo stomach kolohe mischievous
ka lole clothes kapulu messy
ka papale hat ha'aha'a low, humble ____.
d. Dialogs
~;.~.: l)
ke kama'a shoe ki'eki'e high up, tall
ka makaaniani eyeglasses
ka uaki watch, clock
c. Useful Phrases
~ ~-~.: l)
He aha keia? What's this?
He pua keia. This is a flower.
He pua 'a'ala kela? Is that a fragrant flower?

'Ae. He pua 'a'ala kela. Yes, that is a fragrant flower.
He 'ohana lakou? Are they a family?

No. They are a hula troupe. .••n
'A'ole. He halau hula lakou.
He kinai ahi pono 'o Keahi? Is Keahi a righteous fireman?

'Ae. He kinai ahi pono 'o ia. Yes, he is a righteous fireman. 1. Kama'ilio 'o Keali'i me ke keikikane.
Ke keikikane: E Keali'i, he aha kela?
He Hawai ' i ha' aheo au. I am a proud Hawaiian. Keali'i: He papale hou kela.
Ke keikikane: He papale emi kela?
Maopopo ia 'oe? Do you understand? Keali'i: 'A'ole. Pipi'i ko' u papale h ou .
'Ae, maopopo ia'u . Yes, I understand. Ke keikikane: He papale lauhala kou papale hou?
'A'ole maopopo ia'u. I don't understand. Keali'i: 'Ae, pololei. He hana no'eau Hawai' i ka ulana lauhala.
The colors listed below are adjectives and should be on green flash- Keali'i talks with the boy.
cards. Boy: Keali'i, what's that?
Keali'i: That's a new hat.
'ele'ele black ke'oke'o white Boy: Is that an inexpensive hat?
'ula'ula red 'alani orange Keali'i: No. My new hat is expensive.
melemele yellow 'oma'oma'o green Boy: Is your new hat a lauhala hat?
ul iuli blue poni purple Keali'i: Yes, that's right. Weaving lauhala is a Hawaiian craft.
'aka Ia pink hinahina grey
49
He popoki keia.
-~
This is a cat.
Look once more at the question in Hawaiian and English. Aha means
what. He means a/an. There is no verb "to be " in Hawaiian. There-
fore you are literally asking a what this? and your answer will always
have a or an in the English translation.
In light of your understanding of Hawaiian word order and the parts

of a simple Hawaiian sentence, can you decide which is the Center of
the He aha keia question? Did you choose keia? Maika'i! We look
for the Center first, since that is the subject or focus of the sentence.
What is the Head section of this sentence?
Head: A what Center: this

He aha keia?
Self-Test 4-1
2 . Kama'ilio 'o Ku'uwehi me kana hoaaloha hou.
Kana hoaaloha: He aha kou makuahine? Using nouns from your vocabulary lists, make up questions and
Ku'uwehi: He Hawai'i ko'u makuahine. answers that identify the pictures below. Follow our example.
Kana hoaaloha: 'A'ole kela ka ninau. He aha kana* hana? e.g. picture of lei - He aha keia? - He lei keia.
Ku'uwehi: E kala mai. He kinai ahi ko'u makuahine.
~
Kana hoaaloha: He kanaka ikaika kou makuahine?
Ku'uwehi: '0! 'Ae. He kinai ahi ikaika ko'u makuahine.
The woman talks with her new friend.

Her friend: What's your mother?
Ku'uwehi: My mother's a Hawaiian.
Her friend: That's not the question. What's her job?
Ku'uwehi: Excuse me. My mother is a firefighter.
Her friend: Is your mother a strong person?
Ku'uwehi: Oh! Yes. My mother is a strong firefighter.
II. GRAMMAR SECTION
a. He aha keia?
Our new sentence pattern is a most useful one since it asks What is
th~s? In the He aha keia pattern, the question word aha is replaced
With th e a n s w e r. He aha keia? asks for a common noun as the
answer.
~
He aha keia? Wh a t is thi s.
51
It is obvious that this new question pattern is an excellent one for 7. He kupunakane keia maka'i.
learning new nouns in yo ur vocabulary. There are also different 8. He 'ohana nui lakou.
kinds of questions we can ask with the He aha pattern, as we change 9. He 'aina ua 'o Manoa?
the Center. What are the different kinds of Center subjects we've 10. He makuahine 'o ia?
learned? How would we ask "What's that? "
The pattern for our new He plus noun sentence is to have he plus a
HEAD: A what CENTER : common noun in the Head section and the regular subject variations
He aha kela? (name announcer plus name, noun announcer plus noun, pronouns,
He aha ka maka'i? keia/kela) in the Center section. He is a noun announcer; no other
He aha 'o ia? noun announcer is needed in the Head.
He aha 'o Makanani?
HEAD: He plus noun CENTER:
Self-Test 4-2 He hale'aina keia hale.
This building is a restaurant.
Make up two He aha questions for each of the different types of Cen-
ter subjects: pronouns , noun announcer plus noun, name announcer He mokupuni 'o Nihoa.
plus name, keia/kela. Nihoa is an island.
b. He plus noun pattern He wiliki 'oe?

You now know that in answering he aha questions, the question Are you an engineer?
word aha is replaced with a noun. These answers are statements that
identify something or someone. He mahi'ai kou* mo'opunakane?
Is your grandson a farmer?
He kahunapule keia makuahine. This mother is a minister.
The correspondence between he and alan is a big help in recognizing
Divide the Hawaiian sentence into Center and Head sections. What is when to use a he plus noun pattern. The English gives us a giant
in the Center? Answer: keia makuahine. What is in the Head? clue: any English sentence with a or an following the verb to be ( . ..
Answer: He kahunapule. The extra information in the Head tells us is a ... ), ( ... are an . .. ) must be translated with the He plus com-
mon noun pattern.
about the Center subject: we identify this person as a minister. Now
we can create He plus noun identification sentences in the same way
that we answered the He aha questions.
Questions and statements are sometimes distinguished from
each other only through intonation. Listen to the different
E, .,'J)
0 0
ways these statements and questions are said. •· ·•
Self-Test 4-3
This is a fisherman He lawai 'a keia.
~ Circle the Center in the following sentences. Underline the Is this a fisherman? He lawai'a keia?
~ Head. Then Translate into English.
That bird is an owl. He pueo kela manu.
1. He lawai'a ke kapena. Is that bird an owl? He pueo kela manu?
2. He Hawai'i au.
3. He i'a ka mahimahi. Is your father a captain? He kapena kou makuakane?
4. He malihini 'oe. Your father is a caotain. He kaoena kou makuakane.
5. He haumana 'o Noenoe.
6. He haleleka kela hale nui?
Note that in asking questions with the he plus noun pattern, there is 9. What is your baby?
no change in the Hawaiian sentence except for punctuation. 10. My baby is a boy.
Self-Test 4-4
Pick ten nouns from your vocabulary flashcards. Make up c. Translation Tricks
\S)]J; five he plus noun sentences to say out loud. Use one noun
in the Center and one in the Head for each sentence.
Here are some tricks for translating from English sentences into
Hawaiian; these tricks will work for the he aha as well as descriptive
and other simple Hawaiian sentence patterns. They will not work for
Self-Test 4-5 most questions, since questions usually have their own special pat-
Test a partner: Hold up any two noun cards and have your terns. Using nouns from your vocabulary lists, write out five English
\S)]J; partner create as many different He aha questions as she
can using these two nouns. Have her answer the questions.
sentences following this pattern:
Subject is a/an noun.

This doctor is a woman.
Homework 4-1
Next, write out Head and Center headings for the Hawaiian sentence
~ Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next sections. Cross out the verb is (am, are, was, were). Circle any
~ to its English translation. words that come before the verb in the English sentence and write
them under the Center heading. Do not translate yet.
1. He aha kou* lawai'a? _Her friend is a japanese.
2. He Pukikl 'o ia. _My dog is a spaniel.
3. He kupuna keia kane. _ What is this person? Center
4. He spaniel ko'u * 'Ilia. _What is that teacher? this doctor
5. He Kepanl kana hoaaloha. _He's a Portuguese.
6. He kinai ahi ko'u makuakane. _What is your fisherman? Go back to the English sentence and cross out those words. What's
7. He aha kela kumu? _That teacher is a farmer. left to translate? a woman. Place this phrase under the Head head-
8. He aha keia kanaka? _The building is a hospital. ing. Do not translate it yet.
9. He mahi'ai kela kumu. _My father is a firefighter.
10. He haukapila ka hale. _This man is a grandparent. Tl-lis eecter is@ woman:)
Head / Center
A woman this doctor.
Homework 4-2
Look at the Head section: What clue does it give you as to the correct
~ Translate the following sentences into Hawaiian. Hawaiian pattern for this sentence? It tells you to start the Hawaiian
sentence with He. Go ahead and translate.
1. What is her friend?
2. Her friend is a Hawaiian. (Hawai'i) This doctor is a woman.
3. What is the homework? Head Center
4. A book is the homework. A woman this doctor.
5. What is this commoner? He wahine keia kauka.
6. This commoner is a farmer.
7. What is the police officer?
8. The police officer is a grandmother.
Self-Test 4-6 2.We have made up a story about Kemomi and her Tutu, who are
picking limu at the beach.
~ Using different noun flashcards, make up several more He
~ plus noun sentences to say out loud. Translate into English. Aia 'o Kemomi a me kona kupunawahine i kahakai. Ke 'ohi nei 'o
Tutu i ka limu. Kokua 'o Kemomi.
III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES Kemomi: E Tutu, he aha keia? He limu keia?
Tutu: He limu keia, e Kemomi. 'A'ole na'e keia he limu maika'i.
F:.~.: 1) a. Substitution Drills
Kemomi: He aha ka limu maika'i?
Tutu: He limu maika'i ka limu Wawae'iole.
He haumana 'o Ke'alohi. He kinai ahi ko'u hoahanau. Kemomi: He aha ke 'ano o ka limu Wawae'iole, e Tutu?
Kepanl lawai'a wau. Tutu: Manoanoa ka limu Wawae'iole. E nana mai i keia Wawae'iole.
kupunakane mahi'ai kela makuahine. Ua like ka limu me ka wawae o ka 'iole.
inoa kupunawahine 'o Namanu. Kemomi: Aue! Ua akamai ka po'e kahiko. He inoa maika'i kela.
aha ? kahunapule ke kane.
kanaka pua'a 'o ia. Kemomi and her grandmother are at the beach. Tutu is gathering sea-
weed. Kemomi helps.
He aha kou* hana? He puke Hawai'i kona* puke?
ha'awina keia pepa? Ford kahiko kona kalaka? Kemomi: Tutu, what is this? Is this seaweed?
mokupuni 'o Kaho'olawe. kalakoa kolohe ka p6poki? Tutu: This is seaweed, Kemomi. However, it's not a good seaweed.
mau ali'i kakou. lei po'o 'a' ala keia lei? Kemomi: What is good seaweed?
mea kanu ka maile. nai'a 'eleu kela i'a? Tutu: Wawae'iole (Rat's foot) seaweed is a good seaweed.
Kemomi: What kind of seaweed is the Wawae'iole, Tutu?
Tutu: Wawae'iole seaweed is thick. Look at this Wawae'iole. The sea
b. Picture Practice weed is like the foot of the rat.
1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the Kemomi: Wow! The people of old were clever! That's a good name.
picture. What are the names of the people? How are they related?
56 Learn Hawaiian at Horne Chapter 4 57
c. Listen and Learn As a further listening challenge , we offer a more difficult
F~-~.:J} Our n ew island is Moloka'i.

story about Moloka'i. Listen along with the tape.
F;.~.: J}
Ua kaulana ka mokupuni li'ili'i 'o Moloka'i i ka wa kahiko i ka mana.
'0 Moloka'i keia mokupuni. '0 Kaunakakai ke kiilanakauhale. He I ka wa kaua, ua kia'i 'ia 'o Moloka'i e na kahuna, 'a'ole e na koa. Ua
'oma'oma'o ka waiho 'olu'u no Moloka'i. He lei kukui kana lei. '0 ikaika ka pule a na kahuna e like me Lanikaula. He 'ano kahuna 'o
Lanikaula ke ali'i kaulana no Moloka'i. '0 Kamakou ke kuahiwi Lanikaula; he kahuna wanana 'o ia. Aia kana ulu kukui rna
nani. Kalama'ula. He ho 'ailona ke kukui no ka na'auao. Ua nui ka na'auao
a me ka mana o na kahuna o Moloka'i. Ua 'olelo 'ia kekahi '()lela
no'eau e pili ana ia Moloka'i , 'o ia ho'i, 'o "Moloka'i pule o'o. "
The little island of Moloka'i was well known in the olden days for
spiritual power. In times of war, Moloka'i was guarded by the kahu-
na , not b y soldiers. The prayers of kahuna like Lanikaula were
strong. Lanikaula was a kind of kahuna; he was a prophet. His kukui
grove is at Kalama'ula. The kukui is a symbol of wisdom. Great was
the wisdom and spiritual power of the kahuna of Moloka'i. A wise
saying is said about Moloka ' i, that is , " Moloka'i of the mature
prayer."
This island is Moloka'i. Kaunakakai is the town. The color of Molo-

ka'i is green. Its lei is the kukui lei. The famous chief of Moloka'i is
Lanikaula. The beautiful mountain is Kamakou.
Can you remember the names, color and lei for O'ahu? Fill in the
blanks; then read your story out loud. If you've forgotten any
answers, instead of looking back to Chapter Three, find the O'ahu
story on the tape. Try to write down the Hawaiian words from listen-
ing only.
'0 O'a hu keia mokupuni. '0 ke kulanakauhale. He _ _ __

ka waiho'olu 'u no . He lei kana lei . '0 ke ali'i
kaulana no . 01
ke kuahiwi nani.
58 Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter Five
d. Mele ACTION SENTENCES: VERBS AT LAST!
F:.~.: lJ Here is a well-known song for Moloka'i. Listen to the tape

and sing along.
This song tells the love of a Moloka' i native for the waterfalls whose
spray adorns the cliffs of his birthplace. a. Hakalama Here is our fourth variation on the Hakalama ~
chart , which is a diphthong or a combination of two vowels [ o-=:.o]
Moloka'i Waltz, by Matthew Kane w hose sounds blend together. This is our most challenging •· ·•
Hakalama chart so far! Be sure to pronounce the first vowel clearly
He nani ku kilakila before you blend it into the second. Repeated practice will make this
alo l ua i na pali new Hakalama variation easier on your mouth muscles.
home aloha no ia
ku'u one hanau Hae Hai Hao Hau
wailele hune na pali Kae Kai Kao Kau
kou kahiko no ia Lae Lai Lao Lau
me Moloka'i 'aina kaulana Mae Mai Mao Mau
me 'oe no au. Nae Nai Nao Nau
Pae Pai Pao Pau
Wae Wai Wao Wau
b. Vocabulary
E:.~.:J)
Make flashcards to help yourself learn the words. Use a
new color index card for verbs: we 've chosen to use yellow.
Nouns Verbs
ke kama'aina local person hele mai to come
ka malihini newcomer, guest hele to go
ka 'aumakua guardian spirit han a to work
ka mo'opunakane grandson pa'ani to play
ka mo'opunawahine granddaughter ninau to question
ka ho'ike show, display pane to answer
ke kelepona telephone 'ai to eat
ka makana gift inu to drink
ka Ia hanau birthday 'olelo to speak
ka pa'ina party ho'ike to show
ke kala money noho to sit, stay someplace
ke kumuku'ai price ko to stand
ka haleku'ai store alaka'i to lead
ke kikowaenaku'ai shopping ce nter maka'ika'i to sightsee
ka hokele hotel 'ike to see
d. Dialogs
F:.~.:lJ
ka lumi room ha'awi to give
ke kahakai beach kO'ai mai to buy
ke one sand kO'ai aku to sell
c. Useful Phrases
F;.~.: lJ
i ka halekO'ai pipi'i at the expensive store
ike kikowaenakO'ai 'o Ala Moana at Ala Moana shopping center 1. Kama'ilio 'o K6nane me Nohea.
i kona kula at his school , in his school Konane: Aloha ahiahi, e Nohea. Hana 'oe i keia haleku'ai?
i ka hokele kaulana at the famous hotel, in the famous hotel Nohea: Aloha, e K6nane. 'Ae, hana wau ike kikowaenaku'ai 'o Ala
Moana. Hele mai ka po'e maka'ika'i i keia haleku'ai. Ku'ai lakou i ka
'Oielo kona kupunawahine. mu'umu'u a me ka palule aloha.
Her grandmother speaks. Konane: 'Ae. He halekii'ai kaulana keia. Ua lawe mai wau i ko'u
'Oielo kona kupunawahine i ka 'olelo Hawai'i. malihini. Ke kii'ai mai nei 'o ia i ka mu'umu'u hou.
Her grandmother speaks Hawaiian. Nohea: Maika'i. He kii'aiemi keia.
KO'ai mai 'o Lei i ka makana.
Lei buys the gift. Konane talks with Nohea.
KO'ai mai 'o Lei i ka makana i ke kikowaenakO'ai 'o Ala Moana. K6nane: Good evening, Nohea. Do you work in this store?
Lei buys the gift at Ala Moana shopping center. Nohea: Hello, Konane. Yes, I work at Ala Moana shopping center.
Pa'ani ka malihini. Tourists come to this store. They buy mu'umu'us and aloha shirts.
The newcomer plays. K6nane. Yes. This is a famous store. I brought my guest. She's buying
Pa'ani ka malihini i ke one. a new mu'umu'u.
The newcomer plays in the sand. Nohea: Good. This is a sale.
. ~
)~'
~-....~· ~r
.... .
*:A( ~t )-
. ·- ",
. • .· .1! ., 0
-?~ .· .
.
.-·.· ~
-. -· ..
2. Kama'ilio ke kama'aina me kona hoahanau.

Ke kama'aina: Ke noho nei 'oe i keia h6kele nani?
Kona hoahanau: 'A'ole. Ua hele mai au i ka pa'ina la hanau.
Ke kama'aina: E 'ike ana 'oukou i ka h6'ike hula?
Kona hoahanau: 'Ae. Hula kou makuakane i ka ho'ike hula?
Ke kama'aina: 'Ae. Alaka'i ko'u makuakane i kela ho'ike.
Kona hoahanau: Maika'i. E ha'awi ana au i keia lei maile i kou
makuakane.
The local person talks with his cousin. Homework 5-1

Local person: Are you staying at this pretty hotel?
His cousin: No. I came to a birthday party.
Local person: Are you all going to see the hula show?
Pick any yellow verb flashcard and form a sentence by
adding it to the Centers below. Try several verbs with each
01)p
His cousin: Yes. Does your father dance in the hula show? Center. Translate your sentences.
Local person: Yes. My father leads that hula show.
His cousin: Good. I will give this maile lei to your father. 1 .. . . 'o Leialoha
2 .... ke kumu
3 . . .. 'o ia
II. GRAMMAR SECTION 4 .... kana* keiki
5 . . . . ka wahine
a. Adding Verbs to Our Sentence: Action in the Head!
Homework 5-2
The Head section of Hawaiian sentences can hold any number of dif-
ferent sentence pattern beginnings. It is the Head section that tells us Make up sentences with your vocabulary verbs. Start by picking up a
what kind of pattern our sentence is. In this chapter we are adding yellow verb flashcard. Add the usual Center variations.
action to the Head by introducing action verbs. The simplest verb
pattern conveys the idea of a habitual action , something that you do Homework 5-3
often, on an ongoing basis.
Nana ke kane.
Hana 'oe.
The man looks.
You work.
Translate the following into Hawaiian.
1.This doctor works. 6. We all eat.

4
Heluhelu kou * kapena. Your captain reads. 2. Ku'upuni asks. 7. Her minister sits.
'Ai 'o Kanoe. Kanoe eats. 3. I go. 8. This fisherman sees.
'Oielo ke ali ' i. The chief speaks. 4. The student answers. 9. Nainoa plays.
Hui kakou. We all meet. 5. That chief leads. 10. You speak the Hawaiian language.
Self-Test 5-1 b. Hawaiian Verb Markers: Adding Time to the Action

Tense markers do not make our sentence uptight; they allow us to
Circle the Centers of these simple sentences and underlin e the time our actions! Past, present and future actions in Hawaiian sen-
Heads. Next, color the Centers orange and the Heads yellow. tences are indicated by words we add to the Head, before and after
the verb.
Head: verb Center:
Nan a ke kane. Hana 'oe. You work.
Han a 'oe. Ua hana 'oe. You worked.
Heluhelu kou * kapena. Ke hana nei 'oe. You are working.
'Ai 'o Kanoe. E hana ana 'oe. You will work.
'Oielo ke ali'i.
Hui kakou. How do English verbs change to indicate tense? Unlike Hawaiian
verbs, English verbs usually change their form to show past, present
or future. Hawaiian verbs add verb markers instead of changing their
form. What is the Hawaiian verb marker for the past time action? For
present? for future?
65
Ua Verb past action. It's over now. Homework 5-5
Ke Verb nei present action . It's going on now.
E Verb ana future action. It will happen later. Finish the following sentences by adding Centers. Color the Heads
yellow and the Centers orange. Read your finished sentence out loud
Remember that it is not necessary to have any tense markers in the and translate.
Head; the verb can stand by itself. A "naked" verb is timeless. That
is, it indicates an ongoing, habitual action, something you do regular- 1. Ke 'ai nei .. .
ly. 2. Ua ho'ike .. .
3. E hele mai ana .. .
Hana au i ka hale. I work at home. 4. Ke noho nei. ..
Nana keia keiki i ke kiwi. This child watches TV. 5. Hana ...
6. Ua 'olelo ...
Now change these sentences to "I worked at home" and "This child 7. Ke pane nei .. .
watched TV." What did you add to your timeless sentence? Where? 8. Ua pa'ani .... .
Your new sentences should be Ua hana au i ka hale and Ua nana 9. E alaka'i ana .. .
keia keiki i ke kiwi. Next change these sentences to "I will work at 10. Lawe mai ...
horne" and "This child will watch TV." How did you change your
past tense sentence? Your new sentences should be E. hana ana au i
ka hale and E. nana ana kiHa keiki ike kiwi. Homework 5-6
Translate the following sentences. Color the Heads yellow ~

Homework 5-4 and the Centers orange. Remember, some Heads will con- ~
tain no verb tense markers.
~ to its English translation. 1. My friend sits. 6. The doctor will stand.
2. This boy is eating. 7. Her cat ran.
1. Ua maka'ika'i 'o Kanalu i keia kakahiaka. _That man sells land. 3. She will read. 8. That granddaughter played.
2. E ninau ana lakou i ka maka'i. _My dog is sitting in my car. 4. The farmer ate. 9. They all are sightseeing.
3. Ke noho nei ko'u* 'ilio i ko'u ka'a. _Is the firefighter drinking? 5. Nalei is answering 10. Momi spoke.
4. KO'ai aku kela kane i ka 'aina. _Your class played in the
morning.
5. E 'au'au ana 'oukou i keia Ia? _They will ask the police
officer. Homework 5-7
6. Ke inu nei ke kinai ahi? _Will you all swim today?
7. Ua pa'ani kou* papa i ke kakahiaka. _The grandfather speaks on Pick any yellow verb flashcard and an orange noun flash-
the TV. card. Make a sentence without any verb markers. Rewrite ~
8. 'Oielo ke kupunakane i ke kiwi. _Kanalu went sightseeing this the sentence with a past tense marker in the Head. Rewrite ~
morning. the sentence with present tense markers, then with future
tense markers. Translate all four sentences.
c. The Third Sentence Section: Adding the Tail.

Up to now, we have dealt with sentences that have only Head (verb)
and Center (subject) sections. You should be very familiar with these
67
two sections at this point. Now we will add the third section to our 7. His cousin sings that song. Himeni kona hoahanau _ _ _ _ .
Hawaiian sentence, the Tail or object section. Look at the English 8. I drink this water. lnu wau
sentences in Homework 5-6 and add more information to each. What 9. Winona lives on this island. Noho 'o Winona _ _ _ _ __
kind of information did y ou add? 10. My boy plays at the party. Pa 'ani ko' u* keikikane _ _ _ _ .
They are sightseeing on the Big Island. This boy is eating their goldfish. She
will read the newspaper. My friend sits at the post office . Homework 5-9
The Tail section of a Hawaiian sentence adds prepositional phrases Draw a circle around the Center in the Hawaiian sentences above.
or objects that complete the meaning. Every Hawaiian sentence must Underline the Head. Draw a line through the Tail. Now color the
have a Head and a Center section; the Tail section is required in Center orange, the Head yellow, the Tail brown.
only some sentences. Since not all sentences require a Tail section, it
has a special attachment device. The sentence Tail section begins
with i. You are familiar with name announcers and noun announc- Homework 5-10
ers; y ou may think of i as the Tail announcer if you wish. I means in,
on, to, at; it appears at the beginning of every Tail section in our Translate the following into Hawaiian. Remember that the ~
book. There are other kinds of Tail announcers, which you will learn Tail announcer is always needed, even though it may not t:.4
later. Like name and noun announcers, our Tail announcer is an be indicated by the English sentence.
essential part of the sentence , even when we don't translate it into
English. 1. This lady works at the store.
2. Konane sees the mountain.
How do we create a Tail section? For now, we will limit ourselves to 3. The captain sings on the ship.
using only the Tail announcer followed by a noun annoucer plus 4. She drinks in the afternoon .
noun combination. 5. Do you take a bath on Saturday?
Head: verb Center Tail: tail announcer+ noun announcer+ noun

Han a 'o Waiola i kela haukapila. III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES
lnu lakou i ka hokele.
Nan a ke kumu i kona* haumana. a. Substitution Drills
Hana ko 'u makuahine i keia halekO'ai.

Fk..a;J)
Nana kakou i ke kiwi.
Homework 5-8 'Ai ka hale'a ina . Heluhelu i ka puke.
Noho Waimea, Kaua ' i. Lawai 'a ike kai.
~ Complete the Tail section in these Hawaiian sentences. Fol- 'Oie lo ka 'olelo Hawai ' i. KO 'a i i kona 'a ina.
~ low the English translation and remember to announce lnu ka wai hua 'a i. Lawe mai i ka i'a.
your Tail! Mahi 'a i Ka'O , Hawai 'i. Hui i Hana, Maui.
1. You work at the hospital. Hana 'oe _ _ _ _ _ . E noho ana 'o ia kela hokele kahiko Honoka'a.
2. Kanani sits at the shopping center. Noho 'o Kanani _ _ _ _ _ . Pa 'ani kona lumimoe ka hale.
3. The man looks at his hand. Nana ke kane _ _ _ _ _ _ . Ke mana 'o nei kahana keia 'auinala.
4. She eats the poi. 'Ai 'o ia _ _ _ _ __ Ua heluhelu ka nupepa ke kakahiaka.
5. That girl prays in the morning. Pule kela kaikamahine _ _ __ lnu ke kope ke ahiahi.
6. Keola runs to the hotel. Holo 'o Keola - - - - - · E'a i ana ka 'i'o pipi 'ono keia Ia .
...._
b. Picture Practice Daddy: Lehua, look at the fish!

1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the Lehua: Wow, so many fish. What kind of fish is that red fish, Daddy?
picture. Daddy: That's an 'aweoweo, and it's a really delicious fish!
What are the names of the people? How are they related? What do Lehua: Is the fisherman selling the 'aweoweo at this fishmarket?
they say to each other? . Daddy: Yes. He's writing the price on the paper. Did you see?
Lehua: Yes. We're going to eat that delicious fish tonight, right?
c. Listen and Learn
Our new islands are Lana'i and Kaho'olawe.

~ :.~.: l)
'0 Lana'i keia mokupuni. '0 Lana'i City ke kulanakauhale. He 'alani
ka waiho'olu'u no Lana'i. He lei kauna'oa kahakai kona lei. '0 Kaul-
ula'au ke ali'i kaulana no Lana'i. '0 Lana'ihale ke kuahiwi nani.
F:.~: 1)
2.We've made up a story about Lehua and his father at the
fishmarket.
Aia 'o Lehua a me kona makuakane i ka makeke i'a kaulana 'o Suisan
i Hila. Ke ku'ai nei na lawai'a i na 'ano i'a like 'ole o ke kai: 'o ke aku,
'o ke ahi, 'o ka '6pelu a pela aku. ~
Papa: E Lehua, e nana ina i'a!
Lehua: H6 ka nui o na i'a! He aha ke 'ano o kela i'a 'ula'ula, e Papa?
~
Papa: He 'aweoweo kela, a he i'a 'ono loa! This island is Lana'i. Lana'i City is the town. The color of Lana'i
Lehua: Ke ku'ai nei ka lawai'a i ka 'aweoweo i keia makeke i'a? is orange. Its lei is the beach kauna'oa lei. The famous chief of Lana'i is
Papa: 'Ae. Ke kakau nei 'o ia ike kumuku'ai i ka pepa. Ua 'ike 'oe? Kaulula'au. The beautiful mountain is Lana'ihale.
Lehua: 'Ae. E 'ai ana kakou i kela i'a 'ono i keia ahiahi, 'a'ole anei?
'0 Kaho'olawe keia mokupuni. 'A'ohe kulanakauhale o Kaho 'olawe.
Lehua and his father are at the well-known fishmarket, Suisan, in He 'ahinahina ka waiho'olu'u no Kaho'olawe. He lei hinahina ku
Hilo. The fishermen are selling various kinds of fish of the sea: aku, kahakai kona lei. 'A'ohe ali'i kaulana no Kaho'olawe. '0 Luamakika ke
ahi, '6pelu and so on. kuahi wi nani.
This island is Kaho'olawe. Kaho'olawe doesn't have a town. The color

of Kaho'olawe is ~· Its lei is the beach hinahina lei. There is no
famous chief of Kaho'olawe. The beautiful mountain is Luamakika.
Can you remember the names, color and lei for Moloka'i? Fill in the On one side of Lana'i is a small island with steep cliffs. This rocky
blanks; then read your story out loud. If you 've forgott en an y island is called Pu'upehe. It has a very sad story. A warrior chief
answers, instead of looking back to Chapter Four, find the Moloka'i from Maui loved a woman from Lana'i. Makakehau was the name of
story on the tape. Try to write down the Hawaiian words from listen- the warrior chief. Pu'upehe was the name of the woman. Makakehau
ing only. and Pu'upehe lived in a beach cave on Lana'i. One day, a storm came
up; the wind roared and the ocean waves were very large. A large
'0 Moloka' i keia mokupuni . '0 _ _ __ ke kol anakauhale. He wave broke and entered the cave. Pu'upehe drowned . Makakehau
____ ka wa iho'olu 'u no . He lei kona lei. '0 carried her body up the steep cliffs of the island. There he buried the
____ ke ali'i kaul ana no . '0 ke kuahi w i nani. body of his beloved. Afterwards , Makakehau jumped into the ocean
and died. Whenever you visit Lana 'i, go and look at Pu'upehe 's
As a further listening challenge, we offer a more difficult story about grave. A grave can be seen on top of the cliffs of Pu'upehe today.
Lana'i and Kaho'olawe. Listen along with the tap e.
Kaho'olawe
Lana'i
'0 Kohemalamalamaokanaloa ka inoa kahiko o Kaho'olawe. He akua
Aia rna kekahi 'ao'ao o Lana'i he mokupuni pali li'ili'i. Ua kapa 'ia ' o Kanaloa no ka po'e kahiko. Aia rna Kaho'olawe ka lae 'o
keia mokupuni pohaku 'o Pu'upehe. He mo'olelo kaumaha loa kona. Kealaikahiki. Ua ha'alele na wa'a o ka po'e kahiko ia Hawai'i nei i ka
Ua aloha kekahi ali 'i koa no Maui i kekahi wahine no Lana'i. '0 hahai 'ana i keia lae.
Makakehau ka inoa o ke ali'i koa. '0 Pu'upehe ka inoa o ka wahine.
Ua noho 'o Makakehau a me Pu'upehe rna kekahi ana kahakai rna The ancient name for Kaho 'olawe is Kohemalamalamaokanaloa.
Lana'i. Ma kekahi la, ua hele mai ka po'ino; ua hao mai ka makani a Kanaloa is a god of the ancient people. The point called Kealaikahiki
ua nui no na nalu kai. Ua po'i mai kekahi nalu nui a ua komo i loko o (the way to Kahiki) is on Kaho'olawe. The canoes of the ancient peo-
ke ana kahakai. Ua piholo 'o Pu'upehe a make loa. Ua hapai ' o ple left Hawai'i by following this point.
Makakehau i kana kino i ka mokupuni pali ki'eki'e. Ma laila 'o ia i
kanu ai i ke kino o kana wahine aloha. Ma hope, ua lele 'o
Makakehau ike kai a ua make. Ke kipa aku 'oe i Lana'i, e hele e nana
i ko Pu'upehe he. Hiki ke 'ike 'ia ka he rna luna o ka pali 'o Pu'upehe
i keia mau la.
d. Mele This song was written in support of young Hawaiians who opposed
the military's use of Kaho'olawe for bombing target practice and who
went to the uninhabited island to reclaim it. The last line of the song
~
This song mentions several important places on Lana'i,
such as Maunalei, Polihua, Lana'ihale , and Kaunolu. It urges Hawaiians to move forward until there is victory for
speaks of the island as a peaceful place, "like a bird soaring Kaho'olawe. After many years of protest, the bombing of Kaho'olawe
on the crest of the waves." has recently stopped.
Uina'i, He Manu Kikaha

Music by Maxine Pua'ala Nu'uhiwa Mele o Kaho'olawe, by Harry Mitchell
Words by Randie Kamuela Fang
Aloha ku'u moku 'o Kaho'olawe
Ua la'i wale 'oe e Lana'i Mai kinohi kou inoa 'o Kanaloa
Me he manu kikaha Kohemalamalama lau kanaka 'ole
I ke 'ale malie Hiki mai na pua e ho' omal u mai
Ka noe hali'i o Maunalei Alu like kakou lahui Hawai'i

He lei we hi 'oe Maika la hiki mai i kala kau a'e
No Wahinekapu Ku pa'a a hahai hoikaika na kanaka
Kau li'i makou, nui ke aloha no ka 'aina
Lu'u a ea 'o Polihua
Me na honu 'a'i no'u Hanohano na pua o Hawai'i nei
Pae a'e ike one. No ke kaua kauholo me ke aupuni
Pa'a pu ka mana'o no ka pono o ka 'aina
Niolo ke kuahiwi 'o Lana'ihale I mua na pua lanakila Kaho'olawe.
'0 Kaulula'au,
Ka moho kaulana.
Kauha'a ke kai a'o Kaunolu

Ka nohona no ka Lani
I ka wa kupuna.
Ha'ina ka puana no Lana'i

Me he manu kikaha
Ike 'ale malie.
Chapter Six
AlA SENTENCE PATIERNS: WHERE ARE YOU?
a. Hakalama Here is a variation of the Hakalama with two ~

vowels presented in the last chapter. Be sure to pronounce the [ c.ao)
first vowel clearly before you blend it into the second. •· ·•
Hai Kai Lai Mai Nai Pai Wai

Hei Kei Lei Mei Nei Pei Wei
Hoi Koi Loi Moi Noi Poi Woi
Hui Kui Lui Mui Nui Pui Wui
Hie Kie Lie Mie Nie Pie Wie
Hiu Kiu Liu Miu Niu Piu Wiu
b. Vocabulary
Nouns Verbs
f;.~.: 1J
ke kahuna expert, priest pule to pray
ka mana spiritual power kokua to help
ke kahunapule minister 'au'au to bathe, swim
ka halepule church halo to run
ka pule prayer, week mana'o to think
ka mahina moon, month hanau to give birth
ka makahiki year hoe to paddle
ke ola life he'enalu to surf
ka make death rna lama to take care of
ka pilikia problem ho'oponopono to fix, repair
ka p6 night, darkness lele to jump
ke ao daytime, cloud ho'i to return, go back
ka holoholona animal ho'i mai to come back
ka popoki cat komo to enter
ka 'ilia dog wehe to open
ka wa'a canoe pani to close
ka hoe paddle honi to kiss, smell
ka papa he'enalu surfboard ho'olohe to Iis ten
c. Useful Phrases
1. Kama'ilio 'o Leialoha me Mahina.
E;.~.:lJ Mahina: Aia i hea kou * mau popoki i keia ahiahi?

Leialoha: 'A' ole maopopo ia'u. Aia lakou rna ka pa hale?
1. keia mau popoki th ese cats Mahina: 'A' ole. Mana'o au, aia na popoki ike kahakai. E nana!
2. na popoki th e cats Leialoha: Halo na popoki ike one. Lele no ho'i lakou!
3. kela mau holoholona those animals Mahina: Aue no ho'i! Ke 'ai nei kou* mau popoki 'eleu i ka manu!
4. na holoholona the animals
s. i keia Ia today Leialoha talks with Mahina.
6. i ka Ia 'apopo tomorrow Mahina: Where are your cats this evening?
7. i keia pule this week Leialoha: I don't know. Are they in the yard?
8. i nehinei yesterday Mahina: No. I think the cats are on the beach. Look!
9. i keia kakahiaka this morning Leialoha: The cats run in the sand. They also jump.
1o. i keia ahiahi this evening Mahina: Goodness sakes! Your lively cats are eating the bird!
Aia kou * mau 'ilio i ka hale?

Are your dogs at home?
Aia keia mau makuakane i ka hana.
These fathers are at work.
Aia ka papa hou i keia pule.
The new class is this week.
Kokua ke kahunapule ina keiki 'ilihune.
The minister helps the poor children.
Malama na mo'opuna i ka 'olelo Hawai'i.
The grandchildren (descendants) take care of the Hawaiian language.
d. Dialogs
F;.~.:l)
2. Kama'ilio 'o Mama me Miki'oi.

Mama: Aia i hea ke kahunapule?
Miki'oi: A'o 'o ia i ka papa heluhelu Paipala i ka po'aha. He aha ka
pilikia?
Mama: Aia ko'u * mau keikikane i ka halemaka'i. Ua 'aihue lakou i ka
papa he'enalu i nehinei.
Miki'oi: Nui ka pilikia! E kelepona ana au i ka halepule. Ho'olohe na
keikikane kolohe i ke kahunapule.
Mama: Mahalo no! He kokua nui kela.
Mamo talks with Miki'oi. ko'u inoa my name

Mamo: Where's the minister? ko'u mau inoa my name~
Miki'oi: He teaches a Bible reading class on Thursday. What's the
problem?
Mamo: My boys are at the police station. They stole a surfboard Notice that while the noun announcers keia and kela simply add mau to
yesterday. form a plural noun, their plural forms are translated differently than
Miki'oi: Lots of trouble! I'll phone the church. Rascal boys listen to the their singular forms.**
minister.
Mamo: Many thanks! That's a big help! keia 'aina this land
keia mau 'aina these land~
II. GRAMMAR SECTION
ke la heiau that temple
a. Pluralizing Noun Announcers kela mau heiau those temple~
So far, all noun announcers have been singular. Now we can expand our
language by pluralizing common nouns. Look at the Hawaiian and Eng- Self-Test 6-2
lish sentences below. What do you add to English nouns to make them
plural? Does Hawaiian do the same thing? Choose any five orange noun flashcards. Use only keia and ~
kela to announce each noun. Now add mau. Translate both
ke kumuniu the coconut tree singular and plural noun announcer plus noun combinations
na kumuniu the coconut tree~ into English. Work with a partner: choose five more noun flashcards and
have your partner pluralize them with mau. Next, say some English sin-
ka i'a the fish gular and plural nouns with these, those, this, that. Have your partner
na i'a the fishes say them in Hawaiian.
We can see from these examples that while English nouns change their
form to make a plural, Hawaiian nouns do not. To pluralize a Hawaiian Homework 6-1
noun, we change the form of the noun announcer. Both ke and ka
change to na as their plural form. Add nouns to the following plural noun announcers. Translate into Eng-
lish.
Self-Test 6-1
1. na _ _ _ _ __ 3. keia mau _ _ __ 5. kela mau _ _ __
~
Choose any five nouns from your orange noun flashcards. Say 2. kona mau _ __ 4. ko'u mau _ _ __ 6. kou mau _ _ __
the correct singular form of the noun announcer the that goes
with each Hawaiian noun; then pluralize that noun. What is ** Although keia or kela may stand alone in the Center, keia mau or kela
the English translation? Only ke and ka change to na to form the plural. mau must always be followed by a noun.
All other noun announcers simply squeeze in the word mau between the
noun announcer and noun. Look at the following examples.
kona hale'aina his restautant

kona mau hale'a ina his restaurant~
kou wawae your foot

kou mau wawae yourfeet
Homework 6-2 The Aia locational sentence is easy to put together, because the Head is
always Aia. This word gives the idea of something being located some-
~ Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian phrase next to its place. It is not usually translated into English, although its meaning is
~ English translation. present in the English sentence. Aia sentences can also be used to tell
when something is. This new pattern is also the first we've learned that
1. keia mau palule aloha _the lanterns always requires a Tail section. That's because the Tail of an Aia loca-
2. na pakaukau _his parents tional sentence holds the key information: when or where something or
3. ko'u mau hoahanau _these aloha shirts someone is.
4. kela mau pahi _your guava trees
5. na kukuihelepo _the post offices Th e cat is in the hospital. I am at work. Heanu is on the chair.
6. kana mau makua _ those Iittle fishes
7. keia mau pOpO _those knives Homework 6-4
8. kou * mau kumukuawa _the tables
9. na haleleka _my cousins Finish the following Aia locational sentences by adding a Tail section.
10. kela mau i'a li'ili'i _these shells Don 't forget to start with the tail announcer.
Homework 6-3 1. Aia 'oe _ _ _ __

2. Aia 'o Keoni _ _ __
Pluralize the following phrases. Translate the pluralized phrase into Eng- 3. Aia kela mahi'ai _ _ __
lish. 4. Aia lakou _ _ _ _ __
5. Aia ka papa _ _ _ _ __
1. keia makahiki 6. keia po
~
2. ka holoholona 7. kana * kala
3. kou * hoe 8. ka 'Ilia Homework 6-5
4. kela papa he'enalu 9. ko'u Ia hanau
5. ke kahunapule 10. ke kama'aina Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to the cor-
rect translation.
b. Aia Locational Pattern
Our new Aia locational sentence pattern tells where someone or some- 1. Aia keia keiki i ke kahua pa 'ani. _No. The car is on the street.
thing is. 2. Ai a 'o ia i kana halekO'ai. _ Where's my comb?
3. Aia 'o Momi i 'ane'i. _Yes . He's at work .
Aia ka popoki i ka haukapila. The cat is in the hospital. 4 . Aia ka halawai i ka hola 'eono. _This child is on the.playground .
Aia wau i ka hana. I'm at work. 5. Aia ke ka 'a i ka haleka 'a? Is Palani at work?
Aia 'o Heanu i ka noho. Heanu is in the chair. 6. 'A'ole. Aia ke ka'a i ke alanui. She's at her store.
7. Aia i hea ko'u* kahi? _The meeting is at si x o'clock.
Let's divide these sentences into three sections. There should be only 8. Aia kou * kahi i ka pakaukau. Momi 's here.
one word in the Head. What is it? 9. Aia 'o Palani i ka hana? _Is the car in the garage?
10. 'Ae. Aia 'o ia i kahana. _Your comb is on the table.
Head: Aia Center Tail: i +noun announcer+ noun
Aia ka popoki i ka haukapila
Aia wau i ka hana
Aia 'o Heanu i ka noho
Homework 6-6 Head Center Tail
~
Aia i hea 'oe?
Translate the following sentences into Hawaiian. Aia wau i ke kikowaenaku'ai .
1. His son is at school. 6. You are in my house! Aia i hea kela puke?
2. Kanoni is in her bedroom . 7. Is the class this evening? Aia kela puke i ka lumimoe.
3. That plumeria is in my lei. 8. No. The class is this noon time.
4. Is that plumeria in my lei? 9. Hulali is at the post office. Aia i hea 'o Pohukaina?
5. The test is at church. 10. This cat is on your leg. Aia 'o Pohukaina i Kaka 'a ko .
c. Asking Questions with the Aia Locational Pattern Aia i hea ka lu 'au?
Look over the sentences above and think about how to ask questions Aia ka lu'au i ka halepul e.
with the Aia locational sentences. As with many Hawaiian sentence
patterns , we can simply keep the same word order, but change our voice Notice that where questions have only Head and Center sections, while
intonation to ask a question. However, with the Aia locational pattern, their answers require a Tail section. The Tail contains the essential
adding a question mark to the end of a statement indicates that we are information, telling us where the Center subject is.
guessing where someone or something is. Is the car in the garage? Is
Palani at work? To ask directly where someone or something is, we use III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES
the question phrase Aia i hea.
Aia i hea 'oe? Where are you?

a. Substitution Drills ~ ~.~.: 1)
Aia i hea ka lu'au? Where's the lu'au? Aia na makua i ka halawai i ke kula. Aia i hea ka mahi'ai i keia Ia?
Aia i hea kela puke? Where's that book? kona hale Honoka'a. ** i nehinei?
Aia i hea 'o Honouliuli? Where's Honouliuli? Waimea ** Kohala. ** i kela 'a ina?
na ka'a ke alanui. i ka hola 'eha?
As in English, this question can be used to ask where places like Hon- ka lu 'a u Kaupo, Maui. ** i ke ahiahi?
ouliuli are, as well as people or things.
Ua hele wau i Hau 'ula** i nehinei. Holoi kakou i na puna i ka lumikuke.
Self-Test 6-3 ke kauka Ala Moana. ** na 'ilio ka pa hale.
Kaua'i ** ka mokulele. na pua ka ua.
Can you divide these questions into Center and Head sections? Color the ka han a keia Ia. na kawele 'ane'i.
Centers orange and the Heads green. Kailua** ke ka 'a hou. napa keia awa kea .
The Center contains the person, place, or thing we're talking about. Did ** place names
you discover that the Head of this question pattern must contain the
phrase Aia i hea? Maika'i!
Now make up answers to these questions. How many sections will your
answers have? \!Vhat goes in the Head section of your answer? Aia indi-
cates location; i hea adds the question word where. Therefore , when we
answer the question, we drop the i hea (where) and only Aia remains in
the Head.
b. Picture Practice Mommy: These are puakenikeni trees , daughter. The puakenikeni is a
1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the pic- sweet-smelling flower. I will plant these puakenikeni trees today.
ture. What are the names of the people? How are they related? What do Lahela: Good! I really like puakenikeni.
they say to each other?
F~-~.: lJ
c. Listen and Learn
Our new island is Maui.
'0 Maui keia mokupuni. '0 Wailuku ke kiilanakauhale. He 'akala ka

waiho'olu'u no Maui. He lei lokelani kana lei. '0 Pi'ilani ke ali'i kaulana
no Maui. '0 Haleakala ke kuahiwi nani.
~ 2. We'v~ m~de up a story about Lahela and her parents planting

~ puakemkem trees.
Aia na makua o Lahela i ka mala pua rna uka o ka hale. Ke 'eli nei ka
makuakane i ka lepo. E kanu ana ka makuahine ina kumupuakenikeni.
Papa: E Lahela, e ha'awi mai ike kopala, ke 'olu'olu. This island is Maui. Wailuku is the town. The color of Maui is pink. Its
Lahela: Aia i hea ke kopala, e Papa? lei is the lokelani lei. The famous chief of Maui is Pi'ilani. The beautiful
Papa: Aia ke kopala i ko 'u kalaka. 'Ike 'oe? mountain is Haleakala.
Lahela: 'Ae. Ei'a, e Papa. He aha ke 'ano o keia mau kumu , e Mama?
Mama: He mau kumupuakenikeni keia , eke kaikamahine. He pua 'a'ala Can you remember the names, color and lei for Lana'i? for Kaho'olawe?
ka puakenikeni. E kanu ana au i keia mau kumupuakenikeni i keia la. Fill in the blanks; then read your story out loud. If you've forgotten any
Lahela: Maika'i! Nui ko 'u makemake i ka puakenikeni. answers , instead of looking back to Chapter Five, find the Lana'i and
Kaho'olawe stories on the tape. Try to write down the Hawaiian words
Lahela 's parents are in the flower garden upland of the house. The father from listening only.
is digging in the dirt. The mother is going to plant puake'nikeni trees.
'0 Lana'i keia mokupuni. '0 ke kulanakauhale. He
Daddy: Lahela, give me the shovel, please. ka waiho'olu'u no . He lei kana lei. '0 __k_e_a-li-'i
Lahela: \!\There 's the shovel, Daddy? kau lana no . '0 ke kuahiwi nani.
Daddy: The shovel 's in my truck. Do you see it?
Lahela: Yes. Here, Daddy. What kind oftrees are these, Mommy?
'0 Kaho'olawe keia mokupuni. ' A'ohe kulanakauhale o Kaho 'olawe.He
d. Mele
____ ka waiho'olu'u no . He lei kana lei. 'A'ohe ali ' i
~
This lively song speaks of the beauty of Haleakala, which
kaulana no . '0 ke kuahiwi nani.
dominates East Maui. It mentions the "upcountry" town
of Makawao on the slopes of the mountain and the chilly
~ As a further listening challenge, we offer a more complicated 'ukiu wind and rain of that area.
t:ri:J story about Maui. Listen to the tape and read along.
He mokupuni nani loa 'o Maui. Nui na kuahiwi a nui no ho'i na awawa o Haleakala (composer unknown)
Maui. No laila, ua kapa 'ia 'o Maui ka mokupuni o na awawa. Aia rna
Hana ka heiau nui loa o Hawai'i nei. He kanaha a 'oi kapua'i ke ki'eki'e o Kuahiwi nani 'oe Haleakala
na paia o kela heiau, 'o Pi'ilanihale. '0 Pi'ilani ke ali'i kaulana o Maui. Kaulana ho'i 'oe ku kilakila
Nana i alaka'i i ke kiikulu 'ana i ka heiau. Nana no ho'i i kauoha i ke
kiikulu 'ana ike alanui kahiko i hele a puni 'o Maui. Hiki ke 'ike 'ia kela '0 Makawao ia ua kaulana
alanui kahiko i keia la. E ka 'ohi e ka iho o ka la'au
Maui is a very beautiful island. Maui has many mountains and also He 'iikiu e ka ua o ka 'aina
many valleys. Therefore , Maui is called the Valley Isle. The biggest heiau Me ka makani aheahe 'olu'olu
here in Hawai'i is in Hana. The walls of that heiau, Pi'ilanihale, are forty
feet or more high. Pi'ilani is the famous chief of Maui. He was the one Puana ka inoa a i lohe 'ia
who directed the building of the heiau. He also ordered the building of Kuahiwi nani 'oe Haleakala.
the ancient road around Maui. This old road can be seen today.
Chapter Seven
'0 IDENTIFICATION PATIERN AND A BRIEF

LOOK BACK
F:.~.:J)
a. Hakalama Here is our last variation on the Hakalama
ch art. It is another variation on the combination of two vow-
els.
Heo Keo Leo Meo Neo Peo Weo

Hio Kio Lio Mio Nio Pio Wio
Huo Kuo Luo Muo Nuo Puo Wuo
Hoe Koe Loe Moe Noe Poe Woe
Hou Kou Lou Mou Nou Pou Wou
F:.~.:lJ
b. Vocabulary
Nouns Verbs
ke kukui light, lamp helu to count
ka uila electricity heluhelu to read
ke kiwi television kakau to write
ka lekio radio kali to wait
ka noho chair mahi'ai to farm
ka pakaukau table lawai'a to fish
ka 'aina meal nan a to watch, look
ka hale 'aina restaurant hapai to lift up, carry
ke kuene waiter/waitress ue to cry
ka mea 'ai food lawe mai to bring
ka mea inu drink lawe aku to take
ka wai water 'aihue to steal
ka 'opala garbage hanai to raise, feed
ke ka'a car 'aka'aka to laugh
ke alanui street holoi to wash
ka mokulele plane kama'ilio to converse
ke kikiki ticket hiamoe to sleep
ke kahua mokulele airport ala to wake up
Learn Hawaiian at Home Chapter 7 91
90
c. Useful Phrases d. Dialogs
F:.~.:lJ
'ekahi one ka po'akahi Monday
'elua two ka po'alua Tuesday
'ekolu three ka po'akolu Wednesday
'eha four ka pa'aha Thursday
'eli rna five ka po'alima Frid ay
'eono six ka po'aono Saturday
'ehiku seven ka lapule Sunday
'ewalu eight i ka pa'aha on Thursd ay
'eiwa nine i ka p6'akahi on Monday
'umi ten i ka lapule on Sunday
ka 'aina kakahiaka breakfast

ka 'aina awakea lunc h
ka 'aina ahiahi dinner
1. Kama'ilio ke kauka me ke kanaka ma'i.
E hiamoe ana ka pepe i ka mokulele.
Ke kanaka ma'i: '0 Kauka Kamano 'oe?
Th e baby will sleep on the airplane.
Ke kauka: 'Ae, '0 au ke kauka. Ma'i 'oe?
Ke kanaka ma'i: Ma'i no au, eke kauka. 'Eha ko'u 'opu.
Ua lawe aku ke kuene i ka 'opala.
Ke kauka: Ua 'ai nui 'oe i ka po nei?
Th e waitress took away the garbage.
Ke kanaka ma'i: 'Ae. Ua hele au i ka lu'au i nehinei. Ua 'ono ka pua'a
kalua.
Halo na ka'a rna ke alanui. Halo na wa'a rna ke kai. Ke kauka: '0 keia ka la'au maika'i. Mai 'ai hou i keia la!
The cars run on the street. The canoes travel on the sea.
Ke kanaka ma'i: 'Ae. Mahala, eke kauka.
The doctor talks with the sick person.

The sick person: Are you Dr. Kaman6?
The doctor: Yes, I'm the doctor. Are you sick?
The sick person: I'm really sick, doctor. My stomach is sore.
The doctor: Did you eat a lot last night?
The sick person: Yes. I went to a lu'au yesterday. The kalua pig was
delicious !
The doctor: This is good medicine. Don't eat again today!
The sick person: Yes. Thank you, doctor.
a. '0 Identification Sentence: A Step Beyond '0 wai kou inoa?

Look back over the statements we can make with the He plus noun
pattern. How do you say "This is a friend"? Do you remember the
translation tricks that help us divide up the English sentence into
Center and Head? What do you do first with the English sentence?
What's next? Review all the steps in translating: cross out is/are ,
fin d the Center, use a as a clue that our Hawaiian sentence will start
with He. What's the result? He hoaaloha keia is the correct transla-
tion. The He plus noun pattern is a very useful tool, but is limited to
translating sentences that have a/an plus noun in English.
What if you want to say "This is my friend" or "This is that friend"?

You would use the same translation tricks discussed in Chapter Four.
First place the words that come before is into the Center section; then
cross out is.
2. Kama'ilio ke kinai ahi me ke kane.
Ke kinai ahi: '0 kou ka'a keia ka'a hou? ~ ~my friend.
Ke kane: 'Ae. '0 ko'u* makana la hanau keia ka'a 'ula'ula.
Ke kinai ahi: '0 keia kou la han au? ~Center
This
Ke kane: 'Ae. '0 keia ko'u la hanau. E malama ana ko'u 'ohana i ka
pa'ina i keia ahiahi.
Ke kinai ahi: Aue! Hau'oli La Hanau! Mai inu nui 'oe. Mai hana'ino i Place what's left in the English sentence into the Head.
kou ka'a hou. ·
Ke kane: He mana'o kupono kela. E malama pono ana au i ko'u ka'a ~tinY friend)
hou.
Head / Center
The firefighter talks with the man. my friend This
The firefighter: Is this new car your car?
The man: Yes. This red car is my birthday present. Now translate into Hawaiian.
The firefighter: Is this your birthday?
The man: Yes. This is my birthday. My family is throwing a party This is my friend.
this evening.
The firefighter: Wow! Happy Birthday! Don't drink a lot. Don't abuse Head Center
your new car. my friend This
The man: That's an appropriate thought. I'll take good care of my ko'u hoaaloha keia.
new car.
The Hawaiian sentence is not yet finished. We must add '0 to the
beginning of the sentence to signal that this is an '0 identification
II. GRAMMAR SECTION sentence. Our complete sentence should be '0 ko'u hoaaloha keia.
This is our last chapter and we will use it partially to review what Like its cousin the name announcer, the '0 identification announcer
you've learned. However, let's learn our last major sentence pattern is never translated into English , but is essential to the meaning of the
first. Hawaiian sentence. It announces that this is an '0 identification sen-
tence .
SelfTest 7-1 5. Is Na 'a la that strong captain?

Pick any orange noun flashcard. Use it and an y noun 6. The poi is his food.
\S)]J; announcer you choose to complete the Head in the follow-

ing sentences. Don 't forget to announce your sentences!
7. That is the pretty lei.
8. She is my mother.
9. You are her grandfather.
Head : '0 +noun announcer+ noun Center
kela kane 10. Naihe is the ali'i today.
kana * mea 'a i
'oia . b. Commands
'o Ke'a la.
E hele mail Come here! Mai hele ma i! Don 't come here!
Look at how the 'o is used in this sentence: "'0 ko'u makuahine 'o E hele ! Go! Mai hele! Don 't go !
Ke'ala. Ke'ala is my mother." In the Center, the name announcer E komo mail Enter! Come in! Mai komo mail Don 't come in!
focuses attention on the subject's name. In the Head, the '0 identifi- E heluhelu! Read! Mai heluhelu! Don 't read!
cation announcer shows that an identifying noun about Ke'ala is
coming up: She is ko'u makuahine. Commanding others to do or not to do something is simple. Pick any
yellow verb flashcard. Add the do command word E before the verb.
Homework 7-1 If you don't want someone to do something, use the don't command
word Mai before the verb.
~ to its English translation. Self-Test 7-2
1. '0 M aile kou maku ahine. Th at radio is his radio . Pick any five yellow verb flashcards and command some- ~
2. '0 keia hal e 'a ina 'o ka Willows. Pearl Harbor is Pu ' uloa.* one to do , then not to do that action. ~
3. '0 kela mea he'enalu ka mea aka mai. _ Thi s is th e comfo rtabl e chai r.
4. '0 ka wai 'a lani ka mea inu ? _ Hi s work is fa rmin g. As in English commands, the subject of Hawaiian commands is
5. '0 keia 'uala kana * 'a ina awakea. _The Willows is thi s restaurant. understood to be the pronoun you. Simple commands are just Heads.
6. '0 ka noho 'o lu 'o lu keia. _ Th e smart one is that surfe r.
7. '0 Beretani a ke alanui kaulana. Your mother is Maile. Head: do/don't plus verb
8. '0 kona* leki o kela leki o. _ Her lun ch is thi s sweet potato.
9. '0 Pu 'ul oa 'o Pea rl Harbor. _ Is the drink orange jui ce? E inu! Drink!
10. '0 ka mahi 'a i kon a* hana. _The famous street is Beretania. Mai nana! Don 't look!
E 'olelo! Speak!
* Pu'uloa is the Hawaiian name for Pearl Harbor. Mai 'aihue! Don 't steal!
Homework 7-2
~
a. Translate the following sentence with the '0 identifica-
tion pattern.
1. Th at wo man is th e teacher.
2. Thi s is you r job.
3. I am th e newcomer.
4. Na' ala is that strong ca ptain.
Homework 7-3 3. Maluhiluhi ke kauka ...

4. He aha kela ... ?
~ Matchi~g. Write ~he number of the Hawaiian command 5. '0 wai ka inoa o keia kapena ... ?
~ next to 1ts translatwn. 6. Aia 'o Kalani ...
7. Ke pa'ani nei na keikikane ...
1. E hapai i ka '6pala! _ Don't laugh at your cousin! 8. Aia ka halawai ...
2. Mai nana aku ike kiwi! _ Feed the dogs this afternoon! 9. Aia i hea kela mau pua ... ?
3. E hanai ina 'ilia i keia 'auinala! _ Carry the garbage! 10. Akamai na haumana ...
4. Mai 'aihue i kana ka'a! _ Don 't watch TV!
5. Mai 'aka'aka aku i kou hoahanau! _ Don 't cry, baby! d. Reviewing Head, Center, Tail
6. E kama'ilio ike kumu. _Talk to the teacher ! You are now familiar with the three sections that our simple sen-
7. Mai ue, e ka pepe! _ Don 't steal her car! tences can be divided into. Use the following questions as a review of
what you've learned about the parts and function of each section. If
c. Adding Tails to Our Sentence Patterns there are any questions you can't answer, look back over the Gram-
Look back once more at the kinds of Tails you've learned about. In mar Section of chapters One through Six until you find the answer.
which sentence patterns are they required? (in some Action sen-
tences, in all Aia sentences). Most of the time, however, Tails are 1. Name the three sections of a Hawaiian sentence.
optional. If they're optional, can they be added to any of our five sen- 2. What two sections are common to all Hawaiian sentences?
tence patterns? Yes! Tails add more information and make our sim- 3. Which section comes first in a Hawaiian sentence?
ple sentences more sophisticated. Can you think of an English sen- 4 . When and why do we need the third section?
tence that has more than one Tail? Of course! We go to church in
Ka'a'awa. In Ka'a'awa is a Tail and so is to church . While a simple Center
Hawaiian sentence will contain only one Head and only one Center 1. What are the three kinds of subjects in the Center section?
section, we can ad,d any number of Tail sections. That's how to add 2. What is a noun announcer? Where is it used? Why is it necessary?
more information to our simple sentence patterns. 3. What is a name announcer? Where is it used? Why is it necessary?
4. Name all singular Hawaiian pronouns. Translate into English.
Homework 7-4 5. Name all plural Hawaiian pronouns we 've learned. Translate.
6. Why do we start from the Center when translating from Hawaiian
Make up five Action sentences and add any of these Tails to each to English or vice versa?
sentence.
Head
1. i keia 'a uinala 4. i ke kinai ahi 7. i ka hale 'a ina 1. How is the Head section related to word order in an English sen-
2. i ka mokulele 5. i ka po 'a lima 8. i ko'u * kumu tence?
3. i ke ali ' i 6. i ke kakahiaka 9. i ke kala 2. What is the function of the Head section and why is it important?
3. Name five different kinds of Heads and the sentence pattern each
Homework 7-5 begins.
Below are several incomplete sentences. Make up at least two Tail Tail
sections to add to each. Translate the completed sentence into Eng- 1. What is the function of the Tail section and why is it important?
lish. Remember to announce each Tail! 2. What is a Tail announcer? How is it used?
3. How is a Tail section formed?
1. Aia ko'u kupunawahine ...
2. Ua hele kakou ...
e. Five simple sentence patterns III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES
Use the following questions as a guide to your own review of the sen-
tence patterns you've learned.
a. Substitution Drills F:.~.: l)
The descriptive sentence '0 keia lei Quakenikeni kona lei. '0 ko 'u hoaaloha 'o ia.
1.What kind of word goes in the descriptive sentence Head? keia ka laiki. ke kane 'o Make.
2. What type of information does this sentence pattern give us? ka mahimahi kela i'a. ke kahunapule ko'u *keikikane.
3. Using your green flashcards, make up three descriptive sentences. ke kupuna 'o 'Uiulani. kela ka wahine nani.
kan a wa'a keia wa'a. kou halekula keia?
The He aha sentence ko 'u* mo'opuna keia. ke ali 'i 'oe.
1. How does the He plus noun pattern relate to its English
translation?
2. What is the English clue that tells us to use the He aha pattern?
3. Using your orange flashcards, make up three he aha keia ques-
tions; then answer your questions. Mai hanai 'oe i ka QOQOki ! E halo 'oukou!
hapai ka pepe! hlmeni
The Action sentence pattern 'o lelo ka 'olelo Haole! hula
1. What goes in the Head of an action sentence? kakau ka paia. nana mai
2. What are the Hawaiian tense markers and what section are they in? lele ka moe! pule
3. How many sections are possible in an Action sentence? 'a u keia kahakai! pa'ani
The Aia sentence pattern

1. What kind of information does the Aia sentence pattern give us?
2. What goes in the Head of an Aia sentence?
3. Why is a Tail need€d in every Aia sentence?
4. What are the two ways to ask questions with Aia sentences?
The '0 identification pattern

1. What kind of information does the '0 identification sentence tell
us?
2. How does the 'o function in the Head and Center of this sentence
pattern?
3. Both '0 identification and He aha patterns are used to identify
something or someone. How are the two patterns different?
b. Picture Practice c. Listen and Learn

1. Look at the picture below. Make up a story to go along with the
picture. What are the names of the people'~ How are they related? Our new island is Hawai'i. E;.""':.: 1)
'0 Hawai'i keia mokupuni. '0 Hila ke kulanakauhale. He 'ula'ula
ka waiho 'olu'u no Hawai'i. He lei lehua kana lei. '0 Keawe ke ali'i
kaulana no Hawai 'i. '0 Mauna Kea ke kuahiwi nani.
2. We've made up a story about a policeman who thinks he's

F:.""':.: 1) caught a thief. Listen to the story on the tape several times.
Ua hopu ka maka'i i kekahi kane i ka haleku'ai i ka po nei. Mana'o ka

maka'i , ua 'aihue ke kane i ke kala.
Ka maka'i: He aha keia? '0 kou * kala keia?

Ke kane: 'Ae. '0 ko'u* kala keia. He kanaka waiwai au.
Ka maka'i: Aue! Mai ho'opunipuni! Ua 'ike au ia 'oe i loko o ka
haleku'ai i ka po nei. '0 ke k.ala keia mai ka haleku'ai mai
Ua 'aihue 'oe i keia?
Ke kane: 'A'ole! '0 kela haleku'ai ko'u haleku'ai. '0 'O'oka ko 'u inoa.
'0 wai ka inoa o ka haleku'ai?
Ka maka'i: Aue! '0 'O'oka Superette ka inoa o ka haleku'ai. '0 'O'oka
no ho'i kou inoa? E kala mai!
The policeman caught a man in a store las t night. The poli ceman
thinks the man has stolen money.
Policeman: What's this? Is this your money?

Man: Yes , that's my money. I'm a rich man.
Policeman: Gosh! Don 't lie! I saw you inside the store las t night. This
is the money from the store. Did you steal this?
Man: No! That store is my store. My name is 'O'oka. What's the name
of the store?
Policeman: Oops! The name of the store is 'O'oka Superette. 'O'oka is
also your name? I'm sorry !
Here' s a more complicated story about Hawai'i island. Read ~
~
<;) it as you listen along with the tape several times; then read ( o-=-o)
it out loud. How fluent do you sound? •· ·•
~ '0 Hawai'i mokupuni ka "mokupuni nui, " no ka mea, he nui no kela
~~
mo kupuni. Ma na mo'olelo ho'okumu honua o ke au kahiko, ' o
Hawai'i ka hiapo o na mokupuni. '0 Wakea ka makuakane o Hawai'i
mokupuni. '0 Papahanaumoku ka makuahine o Hawai'i mokupuni.
a
Mana'o ka po'e 'epekema, 'o Hawai'i ka mokupuni 'opiopio o ka pae
'ai na. Wahi a lakou , 'o Kaua'i ka mokupuni kahiko loa o ka pae 'aina.
Pololei paha na mana'o 'elua.
Hawai'i island is the "Big Island," because that island is indeed big.
In the creation chants of ancient days , Hawai'i is the first born of the
islands. Wakea is the father of Hawai'i island. Papahanaumoku is the
This island is Hawai'i. Hila is the town. The color of Hawai'i is red. mother of Hawai'i island. Scientists think Hawai'i is the youngest
Its lei is the lehua lei. The famous chief of Hawai'i is Keawe. The island of the chain. According to them, Kaua'i is the oldest island of
beautiful mountain is Mauna Kea. the chain. Maybe both ideas are right.
Can you remember the names, color and lei for Maui? Fill in the
blanks; then read your story out loud. If you've forgotten any
answers, instead of looking back to Chapter Six, find the Maui story
d. Mele
F:.~.: 1J
on the tape. Try to write down the Hawaiian words from listening This song travels around the island of Hawai'i mentioning names of
only. traditional districts of land, such as Puna, Ka'u, and Kohala, and the
famo us sayings that often tell the names of the rain, wind or sea of
'0 Maui keia mokupuni. '0 ke kolanakauhale. He ka those places.
waiho 'olu 'u no . He lei _ _ _ kona lei . '0 ke ali'i
kaulana no . '0 ke kuahiwi. Hilo Hanakahi (composer unknown)
Hilo Hanakahi i ka ua Kanilehua

Puna paia 'ala, i ka paia 'alai ka hala
Ka'u i ka makani, i ka makani kuehu lepo
Kona ike kai, ike kai ma'oki'oki
Kawaihae ike kai , ike kai hawanawana
Waimea i ka ua, i ka ua Kipu'upu'u
Kohala i ka makani, i ka makani 'Apa'apa'a
Hamakua i ka pali, i ka pali lele koa'e
Ha'ina ka puana, 'o Hila i ka ua Kanilehua.
Conclusion 105
Conclusion
Aloha hou mai! Pehea ka 'ai 'ana? Ua ma'ona? Hello again! How
was the Hawaiian "meal" you just finished? Are you full of Hawaiian
or did you just have a "light snack"? Do you realize that the five basic
sentence patterns we have taught you are the basic patterns used in
most spoken Hawaiian? If you know how to use '0 identification ,
Aia, He pattern, Action and Description sentences, you should be
able to carry on a simple Hawaiian conversation and continue to
speak to people as you learn new words.
We hope you enjoyed listening, reading and speaking our beautiful

language and that we have "whetted your appetite" for further
knowledge. Here in Hawai'i there are a variety of Hawaiian language
and culture classes being offered through the Department of Educa-
tion's Adult Night School, Kamehameha Schools' Extension Classes,
Bishop Museum, the University of Hawai'i and Community Colleges.
There is a weekly Hawaiian language radio program broadcast by
KCCN at 1420 AM on Sundays at 7 p.m. The community service tele-
vision station, Channel 22, occasionally shows programs on Hawai-
ian language and culture.
If you are outside of Hawai'i, there are a number of book/tape pack-

ages on sale that can add to your knowledge of Hawaiian. These can
be obtained by writing to the publishers and distributors listed
below.
Books with tapes on Hawaiian language:
1. The Hawaiian Word Book and tape, illustrated by Robin Yoko

Burningham, The Bess Press, Honolulu, 1983. Individual words only;
good illustrations show meaning.
2. The Hawaiian Sentence Book and tape by Robert Lokomaika'i

Snakenburg, The Bess Press, Honolulu, 1988. Illustrations similar to
the Hawaiian Word Book, with several sentences per illustration.
3. The Hawaiian Language: Its Spelling and Pronunciation by Kalena

~ilva and Kauanoe Kamana, Honolulu, 1979. A book and tape offer-
Ing several interesting ways to learn about pronunciation and
spelling.
106 Learn Hawaiian at Home Conclusion 107
Children's books with tapes that are also fun for adults: How to purchase these and other Hawaiian language books by mail:
1. Let's Learn the Hawaiian Alphabet, by Patricia Anderson Murray, The Bess Press (Bess Press titles only)
Island Heritage, Honolulu, 1987, and P. 0. Box 22388
Honolulu, HI 96823
2. Let's Learn to Count in Hawaiian, by Keiki Chang Kawai'ae'a,
Island Heritage, Honolulu , 1988. Two fun books teach children the Native Books (all titles)
alphabet and counting to ten. P. 0. Box 37095
Honolulu, HI 9683 7
3. Pai Ka Leo, by 'Aha Punana Leo, The Bess Press, Honolulu, 1989.
Words and music for songs sung by the children at the Punana Leo
Hawaiian language immersion preschool.
Other recommended books:
1. The Hawaiian Language Dictionary, by Mary Kawena Puku'i and

Samuel H. Elbert, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1986. The
paperback edition is inexpensive and adequate for beginners. Howev-
er, serious students of the language will be happier with the more
expensive hardcover edition, which includes many more words.
2. Hawaiian Place Names, by Mary Kawena Puku'i, et al., University

of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1989.
3. 'Olelo No 'eau , by Mary Kawena Puku'i, et al., Bishop Museum

Press, Honolulu, 1983.
Hawaiian wise sayings are listed and explained. A challenge for stu-
dents at all levels of language learning and a touchstone of Hawaiian
cultural values.
4. Children's books written in the Hawaiian language.
He Hawai 'i Au, by 'Aha Punana Leo, The Bess Press, Honolulu, 1989.
He Mala 'ai Ka 'u, by 'Aha Punana Leo, The Bess Press , Honolulu,
1989.
'0 Maile , Ka Pua 'a, by 'Aha Punana Leo , The Bess Press , Honolulu,
1989.
Kamapua 'a, by Guy Buffet, Island Heritage, Honolulu, 1972.
Puapua Lenalena, by Guy Buffet, Island Heritage, Honolulu, 1972.

108 Learn Hawaiian at Home A nswer Key 109
Answer Key Homework 1-1 (p.4)
Chapter One Translate the following greetings.

1. Good noontime. Aloha awakea.
2. Good morning. Aloha kakahiaka.
3. Hello to you and me. Aloha kaua.
Self-Test 1-1 (p.3) 4. Good evening to us all. Aloha ahiahi kakou.
5. Good afternoon to you and me. Aloha 'auinala kaua.
Which greeting is correct at each of the times listed below? Choose 6. Good morning everyone. Aloha kakahiaka kakou .
from aloha kakahiaka, aloha awakea, aloha 'auinala, aloha ahiahi. 7. Good evening to you and me. Aloha ahiahi kaua .
8. Hello everyone . Aloha kakou.
1. 8:10a.m. aloha kakahiaka 9. Good noontime to us all. Aloha awakea kakou.
2. 11 :25 a.m. aloha awakea Aloha ahiahi.
10. Good evening.
3. 1 :45 p.m. aloha awakea
4. 3 p.m. aloha 'auinala
Self-Test 1-3 (p.6)
5. 7:13 p.m. aloha ahiahi Draw a line from the English pronoun to the Hawaiian translation.
6. 10:50 a.m. aloha awakea
7. 6:05p.m. aloha ahiahi lakou
8. 2:20p.m. aloha 'auinala
'oe
9. 5:30p.m. aloha 'auinala 'o ia
10. 9:34a.m. aloha kakahiaka 'oukou
11.12:04p.m. aloha awakea 'o ia
12. 9:00p.m. aloha ahiahi wau, au
kakou
Self-Test 1-2 (p.3)
Homework 1-2 (p.7)
Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian greeting next to the cor- 1. She is sick. Ma ' i 'o ia.
rect translation. 2. I am nice. 'Oiu'olu au.
3. They are fine. Maika'i lakou.
1. Aloha ahiahi, e Momi. 10. Good noontime everyone. 4. Mehana, are you happy? E Mehana, hau 'oli 'oe?
2. Aloha 'auinala. 7. Hello to all of us. 5. He is tired. Maluhiluhi 'o ia.
3. Aloha kaua, e ko'u hoaaloha. 1. Good evening, Momi. 6. We all are well. Maika' i kakou.
4. Aloha kakahiaka kakou. 6. Hello, teacher. 7. Yes, I am happy. 'Ae, hau'oli au.
5. Aloha awakea kaua . 8. Good morning, Kainalu. 8. You all are kind . 'Oiu'olu 'oukou.
6. Aloha, eke kumu. 2. Good afternoon. 9. Are they tired? Maluhiluhi lakou?
7. Aloha kakou. 3. Hello to both of us, my friend. 10. Is she sick? Ma 'i 'o ia?
8. Aloha kakahiaka, e Kainalu. 4. Good morning to all of us.
9. Aloha ahiahi kaua. 5. Good noontime to you and me. Self-Test 1-4 for ke or ka (p.8)
10. Aloha awakea kakou. 9. Good evening to you and me. 1. ke kane 6. ke kaikamahine
2. ka wahine 7. ke ala
3. ke aloha 8. ka makua
4. ke kupuna 9. ka imu
5. ka hale 10. ka 'opihi
Learn Hawaiian at Home Answer Key 111
110
Homework 1-5 (p.10)
Self-Test 1-6 (p. 9)
Translate the following dialogs from English into Hawaiian.
Matching. Write the number of the English phrase next to its Hawai-
ian translation. 1. Good evening. Aloha ahiahi.
1 . her school 2. kana hale
Hello to both of us. Aloha kaua.
2. his house 7. ko ' u hal epul e
How are you? Pehea 'oe?
3. your friend 8. ka na* kumu
I' m tired! How are you? Maluhiluhi wau! Pehea 'oe?
4. my grandparent 6. kou makuahine
I' m fine . Maika' i au.
5. her fath er 10. ka na ali'i
6. your mother 4. ko'u kupun a
2. Good afternoon to all of us! Aloha 'a uinala kakou!
7. my church 5. kana maku akane
Yes, good afternoon. 'Ae, aloha 'auinala .
8. hi s teacher 9. kou aloha
How's school? Pehea ke kula?
9. your love 3. kou hoaa loha
School is fine. We' re all happy. Maika ' i ke kula. Hau'oli kakou.
10. her chi ef 1. kana kula
Good! See you later. Maika ' i. A hui hou!
Yes. Goodbye 'til we meet again . ' Ae. Aloha a hui hou.
Homework 1-3 (p.9)
Fill in the blanks with the correct noun announcer. Chapter Two
1. hi s student kona* haumana
Homework 2-3 (p.22)
2. your fri end kou hoaaloha
3. th at mother kela makuahine
Here are words that would like to become Center subjects. However,
4 . thi s store keia halekO 'ai
each is incomplete and can't be used as a Center. Complete them so
5. my love ko'u aloha
that they can be used. What did you add?
6. thi s wo man keia wahine
7. her building kona hale
1.'o Moloka'i 7. 'o La'ie
8. that 'opihi kela 'opihi
2. ke kaikamahine 8. ke kumu
9. hi s father kona makuakane
3. keia kane 9. ka imu
10. your grandpare nt kou kupun a
4.'o Naihe 10. 'o Wail au
5. ka halekO 'a i 11. ke aloha
Homework 1-4 (p.10) 6. kona hoaaloha 12 . ko'u kupunawahine
Translate the following phrases into Hawaiian. Name announcers were added before names. Noun announcers were
1. th at schoo l kela kula
added before nouns. Any noun announcer is correct.
2. my chu rc h ko ' u halepule
3. thi s store keia halekO 'ai
Homework 2-4 (p.23)
4. her love kan a aloha
5. you r husba nd kou * kane
1. Lana'i is a name and requires a name a nnounc e r (~) before it.
6. the imu ka imu
3. Hale is a noun and requires a noun announcer, such as ka or kela before it.
7. your teacher kou * kumu
5. See #1.
8. that student ke la haum ana
6. Wrong noun announcer. It should be ka wahine.
9. hi s hat kana papa le
10. See #3 .
10 . the house ka hale
12. See #1.
Learn Hawaiian at Home Answer Key 113
112
Now divide the Hawaiian sentences into sections. Circle the Center
Self-Test 2-3 (p.23)
subject and underline the Head.
Nani nt(i{LHana)
HEAD CENTER
Li'ili'(keia halekO ' ai)
Maluhiluhi no (kela mahi 'ai.)
'Oiu'olu(Qli)
,==c-~----... Hau'oli 'o Leina'ala.
'Oiu'oll(kou halekula~ Maika'i 'oe?
Wela n§}eia Ia)
lkaika ko ' u makuahine.
Kaumaha no ke kamana.
Li ' ili ' i 'o 'Anake Lehua.
Ma ' i no wau.
1 ~(a place name) is cold.
Kahiko no kou hal e.
2(Your grandmothei) is @il.
Kaulana kona kula.
3(This islandl is IlliillY· Akamai kela haumana?
4~isslow.
S(The chieD is smart.
Homework 2-7 (p.25)
Homework 2-6 (p.25) What do these questions and answers say? Circle the descriptive word. Draw
a line between the Head and Center.
Matching. Write the number of the English sentence next to the cor-
rect translation. 1 ( Kaulana~ 'o Kaha ' i? S(Ma '~ ko ' u makuakane?
8. Maluhiluhi no kela mahi 'ai. Is Kaha' i famous? Is my father sick?
1. My mother is strong.
4. Hau 'oli 'o Leina 'ala. 2. 'Ae, (Kaulana~ 'o ia. 6. 'A'ole.(Maluhiluh~ kou makuakan e.
2. Aunty Lehua is little.
Yes, he is famous. No. Your father is tired.
3. The carpenter is really sad. 9. Maika'i 'oe?
1. lkaika ko'u makuahine . 3 .~ kona hoaaloha ? 7 (Maluhiluh~ 'oe?
4. Leina 'ala is happy.
3. Kaumaha no ke kamana. Is her friend famous? Are you tired?
5. Your house is indeed old
2. Li ' ili'i 'o 'Anake Lehua. 4. 'Ae, ~ noikona hoaaloha . 8. ' A ' ole(Maika '~ au.
6. Is that student smart?
Yes. Her friend is very famou s. No. I' m fine .
7. Her school is famous . 10. Ma ' i no wau.
8. Th at farm er is ve ry tired. 5. Kahiko no kou hale.
7. Kaulana kona kula.
Homework 2-8 (p.25)
9. Are you well?
10. I' m reall y si ck. 6. Akamai kela haumana?
Translate the following into Hawaiian.
1. That store is old. 6. This fisherman is hot.

Kahiko kela halekO'ai. Wela keia lawai'a.
2. He is smart. 7. Hilo is cold.
Akamai 'o ia. Anuanu 'o Hilo.
3. Her friend is nice. 8. Nu 'umeal ani is tired .
'Oiu'olu kona hoaaloha. Maluhiluhi 'o Nu'umealani.
4. My grandfather is big. 9. I'm sick.
Nui ko'u kupunakane . Ma'i au.
5. The farmer is famous . 10. Your house is pretty!
Kaulana ka mahi 'ai. Nani kou hale!
114 Learn Hawaiian at Home Answer Key 115
Self-Test 2-5 (p.26) Homework 2-11 (p. 27)
Fill in the blank using e or 'o. Decide whether you are talking to or Translate the following into Hawaiian.
about the person. Then, translate into English.
1. How is Maui, Kainoa? Pehea 'o Maui, e Kainoa?
1 Leialoha, aloha awakea kaua! 2. Maui is pretty, my friend. Nani 'o Maui , e ko'u hoaaloha.
Aloha kaua, ~ ke kaikamahine. Pehea _Q Nainoa? 3. Grandmother, is Leilehua sick? Eke kupunawahine, ma ' i 'o Leilehua?
Maluhiluhi .Q Nainoa, ~ Leialoha. 4. Yes, Makana. Leilehua is sick . 'Ae, e Makana . Ma'i 'o Leilehua.
Aue! 1 ke kaikamahine, peh ea 'oe? 5. No, Makana. Leilehua is well. 'A'ole, e Makana. Maika'i 'o Leilehua.
Maika'i wau, ~ Leialoha . Pehea .Q Kalehua?
Ma ' i .Q Kalehua , ~ ke kaikamahine. Homework 2-12 (p. 28)
A hui hou , ~ Leialoha.
'Ae, aloha a hui hou , ~ke kaikamahine . Translate the following dialogs into Hawaiian.
Leialoha, good noontime to the two of us! 1. Good evening lady. Aloha ahiahi, e ka wahine.
Hello to you and me, girl. How's Nainoa ? Good evening. How are you? Aloha ahiahi. Pehea 'oe?
Nainoa's tired, Leialoha. I'm really tired. See you later. Maluhiluhi no au. A hui hou.
Wow! Girl , how are you? Yes, goodbye . 'Ae. A hui hou aku no.
I'm well , Leialoha. How's Kalehua?
Kalehua's sick, girl. 2.Hello to both of us, teacher. Aloha kaua, e ke kumu.
See you later, Leialoha. Good morning, Ku'ulei. Aloha kakahiaka, e Ku'ulei.
Yes, good 'til we meet again, girl. How's the student? Pehea ka haumana?
She's fine, thanks. Maika'i 'o ia, mahalo.
Homework 2-10 (p. 27)
3. Father (formal), hello. E ka makuakane, aloha.
Draw a line from the Hawaiian to the correct translation. Hello, Mokihana. Aloha, e Mokihana.
How's the store? Pehea ka halekO'ai?
1. Eke kumu , nawaliwali 'o Keali ' i? Yes, girl. Lahaina is hot. The store is fine. Maika'i ka halekO'ai.
2. 'Ae, eke kaimahine. Wela 'o Lahaina. Is he smart, my friend? Are you happy? Hau'oli 'oe?
3. 'A'ol e. Maika 'i no 'o Keali 'i, e ke keiki Namau 'u, how is Melelani? Yes, I'm really happy. 'Ae . Hau'oli no au.
4. Akamai 'o ia, e ko'u hoaaloha? Fisherman, is Uluwehi poor?
5. 'Ae. 'Eieu kela kane, e ka wahine. Teacher, is Keali ' i weak?
6. E Namau 'u, pehea 'o Melelani? Yes, that man is lively, lady.
7. Hau 'oli ko 'u* popoki, e Kau'i. No. Keali'i is very well , boy.
8. E ka lawai 'a, ' ilihune 'o Uluwehi? My cat is happy, Kau'i .
Homework 3-2 (p. 38)

Chapter Three
Fill in the blank with the correct possessive pronoun.
Self-Test 3-1 (p.38) What is her name? '0 wai kona inoa?
Her name is Lehua. '0 Lehua kona inoa.
Translate the following phrases. What's your name? '0 wai kou inoa?
My name is Kawika '0 Kawika ko ' u inoa.
1. your name 5. my car 9. your friend What's my name, Mother? '0 wai ko ' u inoa, e ka makuahine?
kou inoa ko'u ka 'a kou hoaaloha Your name is Keikilani. '0 Keikilani kou inoa.
Ku ' ulei, what's his name? E Ku'ulei, 'o wai kona inoa?
2. his house 6. his name 10. her name Hi s name is Nohea. '0 Nohea kona inoa.
kona hale kona inoa kona inoa
Homework 3-3 (p.39)
3. her store 7. your father 11. his mother
kona halekO'ai kou makuakane kona makuahine Translate the following pairs of questions and answers into
Hawaiian.
4. my name 8. her church 12. my husband
ko'u inoa kona halepule ko'u* kane 1. What is his name? His name is Kamanu.
'0 wai kona inoa? '0 Kamanu kona inoa .
Homework 3-1 (p.38) 2. What's your name? My name is Melelani.

'0 wai kou inoa? '0 Melelani ko ' u inoa.
Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to the
correct English translation. Read the Hawaiian out loud. 3. Melelani is your name. Is your name Kamanu?
' 0 Melelani kou inoa. '0 Kamanu kou inoa?
1. '0 wai kona inoa? 6. What's your name?
2. '0 Niuli'i ko'u inoa. 5. Makanani is your name. 4. No, my name is Kawehiokekai. Hello, Kawehiokekai.
3. '0 wai ko'u inoa? 7. Wai 'olu is her name. 'A'o le, 'o Kawehiokekai ko ' u inoa. Aloha, e Kawehiokekai.
4 . '0 Keali'i ko'u inoa? 2. Niuli'i is my name.
5. '0 Makanani kou inoa. 1. What's her name? 5. Melelani, what's my name? Your name is Namaka.
6. '0 wai kou inoa? 9. Heanu is my name. E Melelani , 'o wai ko'u inoa? '0 Namaka kou inoa.
7. '0 Wai'olu kona inoa. 10. Keali'i is your name.
8. '0 Niuli'i kou inoa? 3. What is my name? 6. Is Namaka my name? Yes, Namaka is my name.
9. '0 Heanu ko'u inoa. 4. Is Keali'i my name? '0 Namaka ko'u inoa? 'Ae, 'o Namaka ko'u inoa.
10. '0 Keali'i kou inoa. 8. Is Niuli ' i your name?
7. What is her name, sir (man)? Her name is Nani, lady.
'0 wai kona inoa, eke kane? '0 Nani kona inoa, e ka
wahine.
8. Father, is your name Hau'olimau? No, my name is Hau 'olikeola.

E ka makuakane, 'o Hau 'olimau kou inoa? 'A'o le, 'o Hau'olikeola
ko'u inoa.
Self-Test 3-2 (p.40) Homework 4-1 (p.52)
Translate the following into Hawaiian. Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to its
English translation.
1. Who's that? 6. Who is this child?
'0 wai kela? '0 wai keia keiki? 1. He aha kou * lawai'a? 5. Her friend is a japanese.
2. Who is the teacher? 7. Who is Kawika? 2. He Pukikl 'o ia. 4. My dog is a spaniel.
'0 wai ke kumu? '0 wai 'o Kawika? 3. He kupuna keia kane. 8. What is this person?
3. Who are you? 8. Who's my friend? 4. He spaniel ko ' u* 'llio. 7. What is that teacher?
'0 wai 'oe? '0 wai ko'u hoaaloha? 5. He Kepanl kona hoaaloha. 2. He's a Portuguese .
4. Who is that man? 9. Who's your father? 6. He kinai ahi ko' u makuakane. 1. What is your fisherman?
'0 wai kela kane? '0 wai kou makuakane? 7. He aha kela kumu? 9. That teacher is a farmer.
5. Who is she? 10. Who are we (all)? 8. He aha keia kanaka? 10. The building is a hospital.
'0 wai 'o ia? '0 wai kakou? 9. He mahi 'ai kela kumu. 6. My father is a firefighter.
10. He haukapila ka hale. 3. This man is a grandparent.
Chapter Four
Homework 4-2 (p.52)
Translate the following sentences into Hawaiian.
Circle the Center in the following sentences. Underline the Head.
Then translate into English. 1. What is her friend? He aha kona hoaaloha?
2. Her friend is a Hawaiian . He Hawai ' i kona hoaaloha.
1. He lawai'a(ke kapena.) The captain is a fisherman. 3. What is the homework? He aha ka ha'awina?
2. He Hawai ' ieill!) I am (a) Hawaiian. 4. A book is the homework. He puke ka ha'awina.
3. He i'a(ka mahimahi.) Mahimahi is a fish. 5. What is this commoner? He aha keia maka'ainana?
4. ~alihini~ :::=----~
You are a newcomer. 6. This commoner is a farmer. He mahi'ai keia maka'ainana.
5. He haumana (o Noenoe.) Noenoe is a student. 7. What is the police officer? He aha ka maka ' i?
6. He haleleka(kela hale nui?) Is that large building a post office? 8. The police officer is a grandmother. He kupunawahine ka maka ' i.
7. He kupunakane(keia maka'i) This police officer is a grandfather. 9. What is your baby? He aha kou* pepe?
8. He 'ohana nui~ They are a large family. 10. My baby is a boy. He keikikane ko'u * pepe .
9. He 'aina uaCo Manoa?) Is Manoa a rainy land?
10. He makuahine(o ia?) Is she a mother?
Chapter Five Homework 5-6 (p.65)
Homework 5-3 (p.63) Translate the following sentences. Color the Heads yellow and the
Centers orange. Remember, some Heads will not contain any verb
Translate the following into Hawaiian. tense markers.
1.This doctor works. 6. We all eat. 1 . My friend sits . Noho ko ' u hoaaloha.
Hana keia kauka. 'Ai kakou. 2. This boy is eating. Ke 'ai nei keia keikikane.
2. Ku'upuni asks. 7. Her minister sits . 3. She will read. E heluhelu ana 'o ia .
Nlnau 'o Ku ' upuni. Noho kana *kahunapule. 4. The farmer ate. Ua 'ai ka mahi'ai.
3. I go . 8. This fisherman sees. 5. Nalei is answering. Ke pane nei 'o Nalei.
Hele au. ' Ike keia lawai 'a. 6. The doctor will stand. E ku ana ke kauka.
4. The student answers . 9. Nainoa plays. 7. Her cat ran. Ua halo kana * popoki.
Pane ka haumana . Pa 'a ni 'o Nainoa. 8. That granddaughter played. Ua pa'ani kela mo'opunawahine.
5. That chief leads . 10. You speak the Hawaiian language. 9. They all are sightseeing. Ke maka' ika'i nei lakou.
Alaka'i kela ali ' i. 'Oielo 'oe i ka 'olelo Hawai ' i. 10. Momi spoke. Ua 'olelo 'o Momi.
Homework 5-4 (p.64)

Homework 5-8 (p.66)
Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to its Complete the Tail section in these Hawaiian sentences. Follow the
English translation. English translation.
1. Ua maka'ika'i 'o Kanalu i keia kakahiaka. 4. That man sells land . 1 . You work at the hospital. Hana 'oe i ka haukapila.
2. E nlnau ana lakou i ka maka ' i. 3. My dog is sitting in my car. 2. Kanani sits at the shopping center. Noho 'o Kanani i ke kikowaenaku'ai.
3. Ke noho nei ko'u * 'Ilia i ko ' u ka 'a. 6. Is the firefighter drinking? 3. The man looks at his hand. Nana ke kane i kona lima.
4. KO 'a i aku kela kane i ka 'aina. 7. Your class played in the 4. She eats the poi. 'Ai 'o ia i ka poi.
morning. 5. That girl prays in the morning. Pule kela kaikamahine i ke kakahiaka.
5. E 'au'au ana 'oukou i keia Ia? 2. They will ask the 6. Keola runs to the hotel. Halo 'o Keola i ka hokele.
pol ice officer. 7. His cousin sings that song. Hlmeni kana hoahanau i kela mele.
6. Ke inu nei ke kinai ahi? 5. Will you all swim today? 8. I drink this water. lnu wau i keia wai.
7. Ua pa'ani kou * papa i ke kakahiaka. 8. The grandfather speaks 9. Winona lives on this island. Noho 'o Winona i keia mokupuni.
on the TV. 10. My boy plays at the party. Pa 'a ni ko ' u* keikikane i ka pa'ina.
8. 'Oielo ke kupunakane i ke kiwi. 1. Kanalu went sightseeing
this morning .
Homework 5-9 (p.67) Chapter Six

Draw a circle around the Center in the Hawaiian sentences above.
Underline the Head. Draw a line through the Tail. Now color the Homework 6-2 (p.80)
Center orange, the Head yellow, the Tail brown.
1. You work at the hospital. Hana Q i lEa Aat:JIEaFJila . Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian phrase next to its Eng-
2. Kanani sits at the shopping center. Noho0o Kanani)i lEe IEiiEe·.vaeAaiE8 'ai. lish translation.
3. The man looks at his hand. NanaQ<e kaneJ i lwAa liiTla.
4. She eats the poi. 'Ai ~I lEa pe1 1. keia mau palul e aloha 5. the lanterns
5. That girl prays in the morning. Pule j[;l kaikamahineJ i lEe IEaiEaAiaiEa. 2. na pakaukau 6. his parents
6. Keola runs to the hotel. Halo~ i lEa F!oiEele . 3. ko'u mau hoahanau 1. these aloha shirts
7. His cousin sings that song. HlmeniG<ona hoahanau) i IEela IT!ele. 4. kela mau pahi 8. your guava trees
8. I drink this water. lnuC~ i IEeia .. ai. 5. na kukuihelep6 9. the post offices
9. Winona lives on this island. Noho0o Winoni0 i IEeia ITleiEt:Jf3t:JAi. 6. kana mau makua 10. those little fishes
10. My boy plays at the party. Pa'ani(ko'u* keikikane) i lEa oa'iAa. 7. keia mau pOpO 4. those knives
8. kou * mau kumukuawa 2. the tables
Homework 5-10 (p.67) 9. na haleleka 3. my cousins
10. kela mau i'a li'ili 'i 7. these shells
Translate the following into Hawaiian. Remember that the Tail
announcer is always needed, even though it may not be indicated by Homework 6-3 (p.80)
the English sentence.
1. This lady works at the store. Hana keia wahine i ka haleko 'ai. Pluralize the following noun announcer plus noun phrases. Translate
2. Konane sees the mountain. Clke 'o Konane i ke kuahiwi. the pluralized phrase into English.
3. The captain sings on the ship. Himeni ke kapena i ka mokuahi.
4. She drinks in the afternoon. lnu 'o ia i ka 'auinala. 1. keia mau makahiki these years
5. Do you take a bath on Saturday? 'Au'au 'oe i ka po'aono? 2 . na holoholona the animals
3. kou* mau hoe your paddles
4. kela mau papa he 'enalu those surfboards
5. na kahunapule the ministers
6. keia mau po these nights
7. kana* mau kala his dollars
8. na 'Ilia the dogs
9. ko' u mau Ia hanau my birthdays
10. na kama 'aina the local people
Homework 6-5 (p.81) Chapter Seven

Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to the
correct translation. Homework 7-1 (p. 94)
Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian sentence next to its
1. Aia keia keiki i ke kahua pa 'ani. 6. No. The car is on the street. English translation.
2. Aia 'o ia i kona halekO 'a i. 7. Where's my comb?
3. Aia 'o Momi i 'ane' i. 10. Yes . He's at work. 1. '0 Mail E kou makuahine. 8. That radio is his radio .
4. Aia ka halawai i ka hola 'eono. 1. Thi s child is on th e playground. 2. '0 keia hale 'aina 'o ka Willows. 9. Pearl Harbor is Pu 'u loa. **
5. Aia ke ka 'a i ka haleka 'a? 9. Is Palani at work? 3. '0 kela mea he'e nalu ka mea akamai. 6. This is the comfortable chair.
6. 'A'ole. Aia ke ka 'a i ke alanui. 2. She's at her store. 4. '0 ka wai 'alani ka mea inu? 10. His work is farming.
7. Aia i hea ko ' u* kahi? 4. Th e meeting is at six o'clock. 5. '0 keia ' uala kona* 'a ina awakea. 2. The Willows is this restaurant.
8. Aia kou * kahi i ka pakaukau. 3. Momi's here. 6. '0 ka noho 'olu'olu keia. 3. The smart one is that surfer.
9. Aia 'o Pal ani i ka han a? 5. Is the car in the garage? 7. '0 Beretania ke alanui kaulana. 1. Your mother is Maile.
10. 'Ae . Aia 'o ia i ka hana. 8. Your comb is on the table. 8. '0 kona * lekio kela lekio. 5. Her lunch is this sweet potato.
9. '0 Pu'uloa 'o Pearl Harbor. 4. Is the drink orange juice?
Homework 6-6 (p. 82) 10. '0 ka mahi'ai kona * hana. 7. The famous street is Beretania .
Translate the following sentences into Hawaiian. * * Pu'uloa is the Hawaiian name for Pearl Harbor.
1. His son is at school. 6. You are in my house! Homework 7-2 (p. 94)
Aia kona * keikikane i ke kula. Aia 'oe i ko ' u hal e!
Translate the following sentence with the '0 identification pattern.
2. Kanoni is in her bedroom. 7. Is the class this evening?
Aia 'o Kanoni i kona lumimoe. Aia ka papa i keia ahiahi? 1. That woman is the teacher. '0 ke kumu kela wahine.
2. Thi s is your job . '0 kou * hana keia.
3. That plumeria is in my lei. 8. No. The class is this noontime. 3. I am the newcomer. '0 ka malihini au.
Aia kela puamelia i ko ' u lei. 'A'ole. Aia ka papa i keia awakea. 4. Na' ala is that strong captain. '0 kela kapena ikaika 'o Na'ala .
5. Is Na 'ala that strong captain? '0 kela kapena ikaika 'o Na'ala?
4. Is that plumeria in my lei? 9. Hulali is at the post office. 6. The QQi is his food. '0 kona * mea 'ai ka poi.
Aia kela puamelia i ko 'u lei? Aia 'o Hulali i ka haleleka . 7. That is the pretty lei. '0 ka lei nani kela .
8. She is my mother. '0 ko' u makuahine 'o ia .
5. The test is at church. 10. This cat is on your leg. 9. You are her grandfather. '0 kona kupunakane 'oe.
Aia ka ho' ike i ka halepule. Aia keia popoki i kou wawae. 10. Naihe is the ali ' i toda y. '0 ke ali'i 'o Naihe i keia Ia .
126 Learn Hawaiian at Home Hawaiian - English Glossary 127
Homework 7-3 (p. 96) Hawaiian-English Glossary

Matching. Write the number of the Hawaiian command n ext to its A
translation. 'a'a la sweet-smelling, fragrant
'ae yes
1. E hapai i ka 'opala! 5. Don't laugh at yo ur co usin ! 'aha gathering
2. Mai nana aku i ke kiwi! 3. Feed th e dogs thi s aftern oo n! aheahe gentle (breeze)
3. E hanai i na 'ilia i keia 'aui nala! 1. Carry the ga rba ge! ahi fire
4. Mai 'ai hue i kana ka 'a! 2. Don 't wa tch TV! ahiahi evening
5 . Mai 'aka'aka ak u i kou hoa hanau! 7. Don 't cry, baby! 'a i food, taro, to eat
6. E kama' ilio i ke kumu. 6. Talk with th e teac her! 'a ihue thief, to steal
7. Mai ue, e ka pepe! 4. Don 't stea l her car! 'a ina meal
'a ina ahiahi dinner
'aina awakea lunch
'a ina kakahiaka breakfast
'a ina land
'aka'aka laugh, to laugh
'aka Ia pink
akamai clever, smart
aku directional: away from speaker
akua god
ala pathway, to wake up
alahele pathway, trail
alaka'i leader, to lead
'alani orange
alanui road
ali'i royalty, chief/chiefess
aloha love
ana cave
'a ne' i here (location)
'a no type, kind
anu anu cold
ao day, li ght, consciousness
'ao'ao side, page
'a'o le no, negation
'apopo tomorrow
au tim e, current
'au'au to sw im , bathe
'a umakua famil y guardi an
awakea noontime
awawa valley
'awiwi quickly
•• Hawaiian- English Glossary 129
E he'enalu to surf
e vocative (hey) used when addressing someone .. to go
hele
'e strange, foreign hele mai to come
'eha sore, painful I helu number, to count
'eha four I
heluhelu to read
'ehiku seven hemahema awkward
'e iwa nine hemolele pure, pristine
'ekahi one
l mistake, wrong
hew a
'ekolu three hi amoe to sleep
'e le'e le black hiapo first-born child
'eleu li ve ly, spi rited hiki to be able to, to arrive
I
'elima five hilahi la embarrassed, ashamed , shy
'e lua two himeni to sing
emi cheap, inexpensive hin ahina grey
'eo no six hoaa loha friend
'epekema science, scienti st ho'ai lona sign , symbo l
hoe paddl e, to paddl e
,.
H hohono bad-smelling (body odor)
ha'aha 'a humility, humble ho'i to return, to go back home
ha 'aheo pride, proud ho' i mai to come back
ha 'a lele to leave ho' ike show, demonstration, to demonstrate, revea l
ha 'awi to give hoke le hotel
ha'awina lesson, homewo rk holo to run , move around
hahai to follow holoi to wash
hal a pass by, pass away holoho lona an imal
hal au ca noe shed, hul a sc hoo l honi kiss, to kiss, to smell
hale building, house 1j
honua earth
ho'o lohe
hale 'aina
halekula
restaurant
school house t
i. ho'oponopono
to li sten
to fix, repair, correct
halekO'a i store ho'opunipuni to lie
haleleka post office
I
hou new, again
halemaka ' i po li ce station hui group, to meet
halepule chu rch hu la dance (hula), to dance
hamama opened
hana work, activity, to work, to do activity
hanai to feed, raise anima ls, children, to adopt i'a fish
han au to give birth ' ike knowledge, to see
hanohano distinguished, honored ika ika stron g
hao metal , to blast, smite 'i lihune poor
hauman a student 'ilio dog
hau'oli happy ' ino evil , bad, storm
hawanawana w hi sper, to whispe r inoa name
he'e octopus, to slide around like an octopus 1nu to drink
130 Learn Hawaiian at Home .. Hawaiian -English Glossary 131
'iole rat, mouse i:• ke 'oke'o white

state governor
kia 'aina
K ki 'eki 'e tall , high
ka the ki'i drawing, image, to go get something
ka 'a car '• ticket
kikiki
kahakai beach ~ kikowaenakO'ai shopping center
kahiko old l ~ i'
kilakila majestic
. ,.
kahua field, flat plain ' kinai to extinguish fire
kahuna expert, priest kino body
kahunapule minister t to visit
kipa
~
kai sea kiwi T.V.
kaikamahine girl, daughter 'i · koa soldier, courageous
~
kakahiaka morning kokoke close to (distance)
kakau to write kokua help, to help
kakou all of us '· . kolohe mischievous
kala money ·I, to enter
komo
I
kalaka truck ,, kona his, her

kalaunu crown kopala shovel
kali to wait kou your
kalo taro ko 'u my
kama'a shoes ko to stop, appear
kama 'aina local person kua back
kama'ilio to converse kO 'a i aku to sell
kanaka human being ku'ai mai to buy
kane man, husband ku ahiwi mountain
kanu to plant ku ehu to stir up (dust), to shake
kapa tapa, blanket kuene waiter/waitress, steward/stewardess
kapikala capital kokulu to build
kapua'i foot (measurement) kula schoo l
kapulu messy kulanakauhale town, city
kaua you and I kula nui university
kaua war, battle, to make war kumu teacher, source
kauka doctor kumukO 'ai price
kaulana famous kumula'au tree
kaumaha heavy, sad kumupuakenikeni puakenikeni tree
kauoha command, order, to order, command kupono appropriate, proper
ke the kupuna grandparent
keia this kupunakane grandfather
keiki chi ld kupunawahine grandmother
keikikane boy
kela that
kelepona
ken a
telephone, to telephone
quenched (thrist) l L
Ia day, sun
•• Hawaiian - English Glossary 133
lae forehead, peninsula maka'u afraid, dangerous

laila there (aforementioned place) makaukau prepared, ready
Iani noble, chief make dead
lapule Sunday makewai thirsty
lauhala leaf of hala tree, products made from this leaf makua parent
law a enough makuahine mother
lawai'a fisherman , to fish makuakane father
lawe aku to take mala garden
lawe mai to bring malama to take care of, keep
lei garland, neckl ace malie calm
lekio radio
·r malihini newcomer
lele to jump maluhiluhi tired
lepo dirt, dirty mamao distance, distant, far
like like mana spiritual power
lima arm, hand mana 'o thought, opinion, to think
limu seaweed ma'ona full stomach, satiated
lohi slow maopopo understood, understand
lo' ihi long mau pluralizer
Iole clothes mea thing, person
lolouila computer meakanu plant
lumi room mele song
luna on top, above melemele yellow
moan a deep ocean
M mokulele airplane
ma'alahi easy mokupuni island
'
mae wilted moloa lazy
ma'ema 'e clean momona fat, sweet-tasting
mahalo thanks, gratitude mo'olelo story, history
maha'oi too agressive, too bold mo'opuna grandchild
mahi'ai farmer, to ·farm mo'opunakane grandson
mahina moon, month mo 'opunawahine granddaughter
mai directional: towards speaker mua before, first
ma'i sick, ill muliloa last-born child
mai'a banana
maika'i good, fine, well N
maka eye na 'auao wise, educated
maka'ainana commoner nalu wave
makaaniani eyeglasses nan a to watch, observe
makahiki year nani pretty
maka'i police officer nawaliwali weak
maka'ika'i tourist, to tour, sightsee nehinei yesterday
makana gift niele nosy
makani wind ninau question, to ask a question
134 Learn Hawaiian at Home . Hawaiian - English Glossary 135
no
no
no'eau
noho
nui
for, about
really, indeed, truly
ski lied, clever
chair, to sit, to live someplace
big
.I··I
•,•
I
I'
1''I:.
pilikia
pipi ' i
p6
po'aha
po'aka hi
trouble, problem
expensive
darkness, night, ignorance
Thursday
Monday
po' akol u Wednesday
0 po' al ima Friday
'6 spear, over there (location) po'alua Tuesday
'o ia he/she
I
po'aono Saturday
'oe you po' i to break (waves)
'ohana family po'ino storm
I
'o lelo language, speech poko le short
'o lelo no'ea u w ise saying polo lei correct, right, straight
ola life, health pololi hungry
'o lu 'o lu kind, comfortable ,. poni purple
;
'6ma'oma'o green "i pono proper
one sa nd po'o head
'ono delicious ' po'okela champion
o'o mature popoki cat
'opal a garbage pua flower
'6p0 stomach puana refrain (song)
puke book
p pul e week, prayer
I
pa hale house lot, yard puni encircle, go around
pa'a stuck, completed, firm pOpO shell
pa'akikl difficult pupuka ugly
pa 'a ni game, play, to play pu 'uwai heart
pae 'aina island chain, archipe lago
paia wall u
pa'ina party ua rain
pakaukau desk, table uaki watch, clock
pali cliff ue to cry
)"
pane answer, to answer 'uhane spirit, soul

pani to close u'i beautiful
papa class ui la Iightn i ng, electricity
papa he'e nalu surfboard ulana to weave
papa le hat 'ul a'ula red
pau finished, destroyed uliuli dark blue
pehea how ulu kukui kukui grove
pep a paper
pepe baby w
-piholo
pili
to sink, drown
close proximity or close relationship
j wa
wa'a
time period, era
canoe
137
English - Hawaiian Glossary
wahine woman
wa i water English-Hawaiian Glossary
wai ho'o lu 'u co lor
waiwa i rich
A
wanana to forete ll , predict hiki
ab le to, can
wawae leg, foot wehi, kahiko
ado rnment
we he to open , remove, take off maka 'u
afraid
we i a hot mokulele
airplane
wikiwiki quick, fast holoho lona
animal
WI WI thin pane
answer
appropriate kupono
archipelago pae'aina
awake, to awaken ala
awkward hemahema
B
baby pepe
back kua
bad 'i no
bad-smel ling hohono
banana mai'a
beac h kahakai
beautifu l u\ nani
bed moe
bedroom lumimoe
Bib le Paipala
bi g nui
bird manu
birth, to give birth hanau
birthday Ia hanau
black 'ele'ele
bl anket kapa
boat (steamship) mokuahi
book puke
boy keikikane
breakfast 'aina kakahiaka
bring lawe mai
build kokulu
buildin g hale
bury kanu
buy kO'ai mai
•• English- Hawaiian Glossary 139
c day li ght, daytime ao

calico kalakoa dead make
I
calm malie de li cious 'a no

canoe wa'a demo nstrate, demonstration ho' ike
canoe shed hal au des ire ' i' ini , makemake
capital kapikala desk pakaukau
captain kapena die hal a
Ill
car ka 'a difficu lt pa 'akikl
cat popoki dinner 'a ina ahiahi
cave ana dirty Iepa
chair noho d istin gui shed hanohano
child keiki doctor kauka
church halepule dog 'ilia
class papa do lphin nai'a
clean (adj.) ma'ema'e draw, drawing ki ' i
to clean ho'oma 'ema'e to drink inu
cliff pali drink mea inu
climb, rise up pi'i drown pi halo
clock uaki
close (distance) kokoke E
close (relationship) pili ea r pepeiao
coffee kope ea rth honua
color waiho'o lu 'u easy ma 'alahi
comb kahi emba rrassed hilahila
come hele mai English language 'olelo Haole
come back ho' i mai enou gh law a
comfortable 'olu'olu enter komo
commoner maka 'a inana era, time period wa
command kauoha expensive pipi ' i
computer lolouila eye maka
converse kama ' ilio
correct pololei F
count helu family 'ohana
courageous koa famous kaulana
far mamao
l
create ho 'o kumu
creation of world ho'okumu honua farmer mahi'ai
cry ue fast 'awlwl, wikiwiki
fat momona
D father makuakane
dance hula feed hanai
darkness
dau ghter
po
kaikamahine
1 fence
fie ld
pa
kahua
day, sun Ia l finished pau
140 Learn Hawaiian at Home ,. English - Hawaiian Glossary 141
'
'
firefighter kinai ahi I H
.I
fish i'a happy hau'oli
fisherman
flower
lawai'a
pua
f harm hana'ino
papale
hat
follow hahai he 'o ia
food mea 'ai head po'o
foot wawae healthy ola
~ '
forehead lae I hear ho'olohe
1
four 'eha I heart pu'uwai
;
fragrance 'ala j heavy kaumaha
Friday po'alima help kokua
friend hoaaloha here (location) 'ane'i
front alo hole lua
fruit hua 'ai hospital haukapila
fruit juice wai hua 'ai hot wei a
full (of liquid) piha hotel hokele
full (of foodL satiated ma'ona hour hoi a
house hale
G hula schoo l hal au
I
garden mala human kanaka
gather 'ohi humble ha'aha'a
genesis kinohi hungry pololi
gentle (breeze) aheahe husband kane
gift makana
girl kaikamahine
I
give ha'awi ill ma'i
glasses (eye) makaaniani inexpensive emi
go hele island mokupuni
god akua
good maika'i
·~
governor kia 'a ina Japanese Kepani
grab hopu job, activity han a
grandchild mo 'opuna Jump lele
granddaughter mo'opunawahine
grandfather kupunakan e K
grandmother kupunawahine \ kind (nice) 'olu'olu
grandparent kupuna kind (type, brand) 'a no
grandson mo'opunakane kiss honi
grave he knowledge, to know 'ike
green '6ma 'oma'o
I
grey hinahina L
group hui land 'a ina
language 'olelo
• English - Hawaiian Glossary
hou
143
last-born child
laugh
muliloa
'aka'aka
~~ new
newcomer malihini
'•j
lazy moloa newspaper nupepa

lead, leader alaka'i ..' night po
learn a'o mai ' nine 'eiwa
leave ha'alele
II
noble ali 'i
lie, tell a lie ho'opunipuni
ol ~· noontime awakea
lie down moe
., nosy niele
life ola number helu
I ifestyle nohona
listen ho'olohe 0
live someplace noho octopus he'e
lively 'eleu " old kahiko
kama'aina open we he
local person .. I .
hamama
lonely mehameha opened
,,
long lo'ihi orange 'a lani
love aloha
- p
paddle, to paddle hoe
M
majestic
man
kilakila
kane
\ I
.· ~.
painful
paper
'eha
pep a
market makeke parent makua
mature o'o party pa'ina
meal 'a ina pass by, pass away hal a
meat 'i'o pathway alahele
meeting halawai peninsula, point lae
messy kapulu people po'e, kanaka
metal hao picture ki'i
minister kahunapule pig pua'a
mischievous kolohe pink 'aka Ia
mist hune, 'ehu plant meakanu
mistake hew a to plant kanu
Monday po'akahi play, to play pa'ani
money kala police maka'i
month mahina, malama pol ice station halemaka'i
moon mahina poor 'ilihune
morning kakahiaka post office haleleka
mountain kuahiwi, mauna prayer, to pray pule
my ko'u, ka'u predict wanana
prepared makaukau
pretty nani
N
name inoa
i price kumukua'i
nationality lahui
] pride, proud ha'aheo
• English - Hawaiian Glossary
kopala
145
problem pilikia shovel
I
proper kOpono side 'ao'ao
protect ho'omalu, kia'i sign, symbol ho'ailona
pure, pristine hemolele silence hamau
purple poni sing, song himeni, mele
six 'eo no
no'eau, makaukau
I
Q skilled
quenched thirst ken a slow lohi
question ninau smart akamai
quick 'awiwi smell honi
son keikikane
R I soul, spirit 'uhane
radio lekio
"•
spiritual power mana
rain ua steal, thief 'aihue
rat 'iole stir up (dust) kuehu
read heluhelu stomach '6p0
refrain (song) puana store halekO'ai
religious site heiau storm po'ino
repair ho'oponopono story mo'olelo
restaurant hale'aina
,. strange 'ano 'e
return, go back ho'i strong rkaika
rice laiki student haumana
rich waiwai sun Ia
road, street alanui Sunday Iapule
rock pohaku to surf he'enalu
.,
room lumi surfboard papa he'enalu
run holo sweet-tasting momona
sweetheart ipo
s swim ' au 'au, 'au
sad kaumaha
sale kO'aiemi T
sand one ta ke lawe aku
Saturday p6'aono take care of malama
school kula ta ke off, remove we he
schoolhouse halekula tall lo' ihi , ki 'eki 'e
sea kai ta ro kalo
seaweed limu tea cher kumu
to see, sight 'ike telephone kelepona
she
shell
shirt
'o ia
pOpO
palule
l te levision
thanks
that
kiwi
mahalo
kela
shoe, shoes kama'a th e ka, ke
short pokole th ere laila (already know name of place)
146 Learn Hawaiian at Home English - Hawaiian Glossary 147
thief 'aihue weave ulana

thin WI WI Wednesday po'akolu
thirsty makewai whisper hawanawana
this keia white ke'oke'o
thought, to think mana 'o wi lted mae
three 'ekolu wind, breeze makani
Thursday po 'a ha wise, educated na'auao
ticket kikiki wise saying 'olelo no'eau
time manawa woma n wahine
tired maluhiluhi write kakau
tomorrow Ia 'apopo wrong hew a
tour, tourist maka'ika ' i
towel , to dry kawele y
town kolanakauhale yard pa hale
trouble pilikia year makahiki
truck kalaka yel low melemele
Tuesday po'alua you 'oe
two 'e lua young 'opiopio
your kou/kau
u
ugly pupuka
understand, understood maopopo
university kula nui
us kakou, kaua
v
valley awawa
valuable waiwai
various like' ole
victory, victorious lanakila
visit kipa
w
wait kali
waiter/waitress kuene
wall paia
war kaua
wash holoi
to watch nan a
watch uaki
water wai
wave nalu, 'ale
weak nawaliwali

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Learn Hawaiian

The Hawaiian speakers on our Learn Ha waiian at Hom e cassette

Dunbar Wakayama and Kahikahealani Wight are the English speak-

Mahala nui to the Kanahele , Mitchell and Zuttermeister families and

Iv1ahalo nui to Pierre Grill of Rendez-vous Recording Studio and to

Mahala to Reve Shapard of Bess Press for all her h elp.

Mahala to Wren for her beautiful illustrations .

Chapter One: Greetings, or What do you say after

Chapter Two: Descriptive Sentence Pattern 17

This book is designed, then, as a brief introduction to the language

THE ORAL WORK SECTION

Hawaiian pronunciation and spelling

Section one of each chapter begins with a variation of the Hakalama

Spend 10 to 15 minutes daily on both pronunciation and vocabulary

GREETINGS, OR WHAT TO SAY

I. ORAL WORK SECTION

Ha Ka La Ma Na Pa Wa 'A HaKaLa MaNa Pa Wa 'A

Homework 1-1 The teacher talks with the student.

2. Kama'ilio 'o Kaipo me Kanani.

Kaipo talks to Kanani.

1. Kama'ilio ke kumu me ka haumana.

II. GRAMMAR SECTION Homework 1-2

1. ke or ka: which word for the?

3. ko'u, kou, kona: my, your, his/her

Nani kou hale! Your house is pretty!

1. his student haumana

1. Good evening. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Pehea kakou ? 'Oiu'olu kaua.

b. Picture Practice Mother: Good morning , teacher. This is Kaipo.

c. Listen and Learn

2. We have made up a story about Kaipo Kealoha and his mother

' 0 keia ka la mua i ke kula. Aia ' o Kaipo Kealoha me kana

Ka makuahine: Aloha kakahiaka, eke kumu. '0 Kaipo keia.

As a further listening challenge , we offer a more difficult ~

Ho mai kou aloha

Ha'ina 'ia mai

I. ORAL WORK SECTION

ka Ia sun, day mamao far (dista nce)

F:.~.:J) Kau 'i talks with her new friend, Kealoha.

The woman talks with her grandfather. Homework2-1 ~

Homework 2-2 Homework 2-4

~ Earlier we suggested using color-coded flashcards to learn

~ your vocabulary. If nouns are orange, but adjectives are

_ Leialoh a, aloha awakea kaua!

1. Pehea kou makuakane? Maika'i no ko'u makuakane.

~ Translate the following dialogs into Hawaiian.

I. ORAL WORK SECTION

c. Useful Phrases c. Dialogs

'0 wai kou inoa? What's your name?

'0 wai kona inoa? What's his name?

II. GRAMMAR SECTION

a. '0 wai kou inoa: What's your name?

'0 wai kou inoa? What's your name?

Self-Test 3-1 Homework 3-3

III. ORAL REVIEW AND PRACTICE - DRILLS, DIALOGS, STORIES

As a further listening challenge, we offer a more difficult F l) ..,. \

E:.~.: 1) Our new island is O'ahu.

This island is O'ahu. Honolulu is the town. The color of O'ahu is

Kaulana na pua lei ka 'ilima

He pua 'a'ala kela? Is that a fragrant flower?

He 'ohana lakou? Are they a family?

He kinai ahi pono 'o Keahi? Is Keahi a righteous fireman?

In light of your understanding of Hawaiian word order and the parts

Head: A what Center: this