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MODUL
SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR INJEKSI
SEPEDA MOTOR
0leh :
Alfian Banuarli
Kelas O2
PPG Daljab 2017
JURUSAN OTOMOTIF
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA
2017
2
KATA PENGANTAR
Modul sistem PGM-FI pada sepeda motor adalah salah satu modul yang
dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman kegiatan belajar juru bengkel pada program
Pembelajaran, Teknik perawatan sepeda motor, untuk mencapai salah satu
kompetensi yang harus dikuasainya.
Di dalam modul ini juru bengkel dapat belajar tentang prinsip prinsip
Sistem PGM-FI pada sepeda motor. Selain itu dengan modul ini juru bengkel
dapat melatih keterampilan mengidentifikasi komponen maupun bagian-bagian
utama sistem PGM-FI. Dari kompetensi yang harus dikuasai oleh juru bengkel
seperti uraian tersebut, maka proses belajar dibagi dalam tahapan-tahapan seperti
berikut: Kegiatan belajar pengetahuan, juru bengkel mempelajari prinsip PGM-FI
serta mengenal komponen dan bagian-bagian utama sistem PGM-FI pada sepeda
motor. Sedangkan kegiatan belajar praktik, juru bengkel belajar mengidentifikasi
komponen-komponen dan bagian utama PGM-FI.
Pada setiap akhir materi akan diberikan rangkuman yang berisi intisari dari
materi, serta tugas-tugas yang terkait dengan materi. Selanjutnya disampaikan
soal-soal yang harus dikerjakan oleh juru bengkel untuk mengukur kemajuan
belajar juru bengkel. Untuk melatih ketrampilan disediakan lembar pekerjaan
sebagai pedoman untuk praktik. Penyusun menyadari masih banyak kekurangan
dalam penyusunan modul ini, sehingga saran dan masukan yang konstruktif
sangat penyusun harapkan. Semoga modul ini banyak memberikan manfaat bagi
yang memerlukan.
Penulis
2
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Deskripsi
Modul Pemahaman sistem PGM-FI dan komponen - komponenya
dengan materi dan informasi tentang dasar PGM-FI, pemeriksaan kerusakan
ringan pada PGM-FI dan komponen-komponenya. Materi diuraikan dengan
pendekatan praktis disertai ilustrasi yang cukup agar juru bengkel mudah
memahami bahasan yang disampaikan.
Setiap kegiatan belajar berisi tujuan umum dan tujuan khusus, petunjuk
penggunaan modul, alokasi waktu, peralatan dalam penggunaan modul, materi
pembelajaran (judul pembelajaran), uraian materi secara singkat dan jelas,
rangkuman, evaluasi, test/latihan (termasuk lama waktu dan petunjuk
pengerjaan test/latihan), kunci jawaban, umpan balik, dan daftar pustaka dan
buku yang dianjurkan untuk dibaca. Juru bengkel harus mengerjakan tes
tersebut sebagai indikator penguasaan materi, jawaban test kemudian
diklarifikasi dengan kunci jawaban. Guna melatih keterampilan dan sikap kerja
yang benar setiap juru bengkel dapat berlatih dengan pedoman lembar kerja
yang ada.
Diakhir modul terdapat evaluasi sebagai uji kompetensi juru bengkel
.Uji kompetensi dilakukan secara teoritis dan praktik. Uji teoritis juru bengkel
menjawab pertanyaan pada soal evaluasi, sedangkan uji praktik dengan
meminta juru bengkel mendemontrasikan kompetensi yang harus dimiliki dan
guru/instruktur menilai berdasarkan lembar observasi yang ada. Melalui
evaluasi tersebut dapat diketahui kompetensi juru bengkel .
D. Alokasi Waktu
Durasi Waktu : 16 Pertemuan ( 2 X 45 Menit )
Tabel 1. Alokasi waktu
No Kegiatan Waktu
1 Deskripsi 10 Menit
2 Materi 50 Menit
3 Evaluasi 30 Menit
BAB II
SISTEM PGM-FI
d. TPS
TP (Throttle Position) adalah sensor yang mendeteksi bukaan
thortle gas, sensor TPS memberikan sinyal ke ECM berupa informasi
(deteksi) tentang posisi katup throttle/katup gas.Dengan signal yang
diperoleh dari TPS maka ECM akan mengatur jumlah bahan bakar
yang akan disemprotkan Injector ke dalam ruang bakar mesin.
ke ECM. Setelah melewati sensor IAT dan MAP maka udara akan masuk
ke dalam intake manifold yang diatur oleh katup throtle gas. barulah udara
yang masuk ke intake manifold yang akandicampur dengan bahar bakar,
sebelum dikirim ke dalam ruang bakar. Sensor TPC berfungsi untuk
mendeteksi bukaan katup throtle gas. TPC mengirim signal ke ECM
tentang besarnya bukaan katup throtle gas. setelah melewati proses
tersebut barulah udara sampai di intake manifold.
ECM yang telah menerima informasi dari sensor IAT, MAP, TPC
akan mengatur jumlah bahan bakar yang disemprotkan injector ke intake
mannifold, supaya ketika udara bercampur dengan bahan bakar maka akan
terjadi campuran yang homogen dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan kerja mesin.
3. Sistem Control Electronik
Sistem kontrol electronik adalah sejumlah alat electronik yang
menjadi sensor pendeteksi keadaan mesin. Alat electronik yang digunakan
bekerja sesuai dengan fungsi masing-masing. Pada sistem PGM FI
digunakan alat electronik untuk mengontrol kerja, keadaan dan konsidi
pada seluruh mesin. Alat electronik ini berupa sensor sensor yang bekerja
mendeteksi kondisi mesin, dan memberikan signal kepada ECM sebagai
otak dari sistem PGM FI. Di ECM seluruh signal yang diterima akan
diolah dan dibuat sebuah kesimpulan tentang keadaan mesin.
Setelah mendapat kesimpulan barulah ECM mengirim kembali
instrusi ke komponen mesin. Dengan signal yang diterima dari ECM maka
komponen PGM FI akan bekerja sesuai dengan kondisi mesin. Agar
kondisi mesin tetap stabil dan bekerja optimal dalam keadaan tertentu.
Keakuratan ECM diatur dengan komputer sedemikian rupa agar bisa
bekerja sesuai dengan keadaan mesin.
a. Electronic Control Module (ECM)
Electronic Control Unit (ECM) menerima dan menghitung
seluruh informasi/data yang diterima dari masing-masing sinyal
sensor yang ada dalam mesin. Informasi yang diperoleh dari sensor
antara lain berupa informasi tentang suhu udara, suhu oli mesin, suhu
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yang dikendalikan oleh ECM tanpa kabel gas yang terhubung dengan
pedal gas. Generasi terbaru ini memungkinkan pengontrolan emisi/gas
buang lebih bersih karena pedal gas yang digerakkan hanyalah
memberikan sinyal tegangan ke ECM dan pembukaan serta penutupan
katup gas juga dilakukan oleh ECM secara elektronis.
e. Engine oil temperature (EOT) sensor
Engine oil temperature memberikan sinyal ke ECM berupa
informasi (deteksi) tentang suhu oli mesin.
Gambar 12. Bank Angle Sensor dan Posisi Sudut Kemiringan Sepeda
Motor(Jalius Jama. Teknik Sepeda Motor Jilid 2. 2008)
Gambar 14. Posisi Bank Angle Sensor Saat Sepeda Motor Menikung
dan Saat Terjatuh (Jalius Jama. Teknik Sepeda Motor Jilid 2. 2008)
Gambar 16. Aliran arus listrik Battry battry soak atau tanpa battry
(Astra Honda Motor)
Gambar 19. Contoh Penyemprotan Injektor Pada Saat Putaran 2000 rpm
(Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pelatihan Kerja Mojokerto 2009)
Gambar 20. Contoh Penyemprotan Injektor Pada Saat Putaran 4000 rpm
(Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pelatihan Kerja Mojokerto 2009)
A. Tujuan
Pembelajaran ini bertujuan agar:
1. Juru teknik dapat mengetahui sistem kerja PGM-FI
2. Juru teknik memahami komponen-komponen kerja PGM-FI
3. Juru teknik memahami sistem kerja komponen PGM-FI
4. Juru teknik memahami hubungan sistem kerja PGM-FI
5. Juru teknik mengetahui cara pemecahan kerusakan pada sistem PGM-FI
B. Alat Bahan
Adapun alat dan bahan yang di gunakan dalam praktikum ini adalah :
1. Alat
a. Tool box
b. Multi tester
c. Pressure gauge
2. Bahan
a. Motor supra 125 PGM-FI
b. Kabel-kabel
c. Bensin
C. Keselamatan Kerja
Adapun keselamatan kerja yang harus di perhatikan oleh setiap juru
teknik yang akan melakukan pembelajaran ini adalah:
a. Perhatikan dan pedomani petunjuk instruktur
b. Gunakan baju, sepatu dan peralatan safaty selama melakukan praktikum
c. Pergunakan alat sesuai dengan fungsinya
d. Hindari bercanda dengan teman di saat melakukan praktikum
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b. Cara penyaluran dan komponen yang bekerja pada sistem PGM-FI
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Kedua sistem ini memiliki dimensi partikel bahan bakar yang berbeda,
sehingga keduanya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda pada atomisasi
bahan bakarnya. Analisalah bagaimana cara pencampuran bahan bakar dan
atomisasinya pada sistem karburtor dan sistem PGM-FI dengan
memperhatikan PGM-FI trainer dan gambar di bawah ini:
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a. DLC
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b. Fuel Pump
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c. Sensor TP
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d. Injector
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e. Sensor O2
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f. Sensor EOT
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g. Sensor CKP
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h. ECM
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Dalam proses kerjanya sistem pada PGM-FI memiliki sistem kerja yang
kompleks dan berkaitan antara satu dnegan yang lainnya. Sensor di
pergunakan sebagai pengindera yang akan di jadikan masukan pada ECM,
sehingga ECM dapat memerintahkan pada injektor untuk menyemprotkan
bahan bakar sesuai dengan jumlah yang tepat, pada saat yang tepat sehingga
kinerja mesin akan lebih optimal. Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini:
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a. Throorle body
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b. Idle air screw
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c. Battery
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Dengan memperhatikan service manual honda supra 125 PGM-FI. Lakukan
pengukuran pada komponen-komponen di bawah ini dan serta jabarkan
analisa kerja setiap komponen tersebut:
a. Pada kunci kontak ON, ukuralah supply tegangan dan arus masuk pada
fuel pump
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b. Ukurlah tahanan fuel pump, serta jabarkan bagaimana fuel pump bekerja.
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c. Pada saat engine running (hidup) ukurlah berapa besar tegangan yang
masuk kedalam injektor
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d. Pada saat engine running, ukurlah supply tegangan yang masuk pada
throotle possition sensor, yaitu pada saat 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500,
3000, 3500, 4000, 5000 rpm.
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e. Lakukan penyetelah idle screw untuk mendapatkan posisi idle yang sesuai,
tuliskan bagaimana cara penyetelan yang anda lakukan.
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Lakukan pengukuran tekanan bahan bakar seperti perunjuk diatas. Setelah itu
jabarkan kesimpulan kerja dengan memperhatikan hasil pengukuran tekanan
bahan bakar dengan beberapa variasi putaran mesin di bawah ini:
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Perhatikan throotle body pada gambar di atas serta perhatikan bentuk aslinya.
Setelah membandingkan tuliskan kesimpulan yang dapat anda peroleh dari
kegiatan tersebut pada bagian di bawah ini.
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Perhatikan gambar idle screw di atas dan bandingkan dengan yang asli, dan
lakukan pemeriksaan dan penyetelah putaran idle kemudian tuliskan
kesimpulan anda setelah melakukan hal tersebut.
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Buatlah cara kerja seperti gambar di atas dan identifikasikan cara kerja yang
anda buat tersebut pada komponen sistem kelistrikan pada kendaraan yang di
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coil, injektor, fuel pump, bank engle sensor, engine oil temperature pada
lembaran di bawah ini:
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Perhatikan beberapa referensi dari di bawah ini, sebagai pendukung dalam
upaya menyelesaikan tugas di atas.
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E. Kesimpulan
Setelah melakukan praktikum jabarkan kesimpulan anda pada halaman
di bawah ini:
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