484 CHAPTER 5 B I P O L A R J U N C T I O N T R A N S I S T O R S (BJTS) 5.

8 T H E B J T I N T E R N A L C A P A C I T A N C E S A N D H I G H - F R E Q U E N C Y M O D E L FR* Zi 485

4. T h e emitter follower finds application as a v o l t a g e buffer for c o n n e c t i n g a high-

Common Base
resistance source to a low-resistance load and as the o u t p u t stage in a m u l t i s t a g e
amplifier.

Finally, w e should point out that the Exercises in this section (except for that relating to the
emitter follower) u s e d the s a m e c o m p o n e n t values to allow n u m e r i c a l c o m p a r i s o n s .

Neglecting r : a

R
,n = r e

A v = g (R \\R )
m c L

R R
out = C

= a(R c Ii R ) L

" Ràg + r.
A,, S a

Common Collector or Emitter Follower

R m = R \\ {ß+l)[r
B e + (rj R )]L

A, =
(r \\R )0 L + r e

R R
sig II B~\
Ru a = o r
H r e
ß+l
Common Emitter with Emitter Resistance
(rjR )
L

R +R R UB sig ɣ B + ^ ^ + { l ] R ^
ß+l
A ü = ß+l

Neglecting r : 0

R m = R II (ß+l)(r
B e + R) e

a(R \\R )_-g (R \\

c L m c R) L

r +R e 1+
e gR
m e

1 5.8 THE BJT INTERNAL CAPACITANCES

R
out = R • * AND HIGH-FREQUENCY MODEL
ß(RcURi)
G„ = - T h u s far w e h a v e a s s u m e d transistor action to b e i n s t a n t a n e o u s , and as a result t h e transistor
R sis + (ß+l)(r e + R)e

m o d e l s w e h a v e d e v e l o p e d d o not include a n y e l e m e n t s (i.e., capacitors or inductors) that

Vx„ 1 w o u l d c a u s e t i m e or frequency d e p e n d e n c e . A c t u a l transistors, h o w e v e r , exhibit c h a r g e -
Vi~l+g,„Re storage p h e n o m e n a that limit t h e speed and frequency of their operation. W e h a v e already
e n c o u n t e r e d s u c h effects in our study of the pn j u n c t i o n in C h a p t e r 3 and learned that they
can b e m o d e l e d u s i n g c a p a c i t a n c e s . In t h e following w e study t h e c h a r g e - s t o r a g e effects that
take p l a c e in t h e B J T and t a k e t h e m into a c c o u n t b y a d d i n g c a p a c i t a n c e s to the h y b r i d - ^