INFANCY IS THE

PERIOD FROM 0 TO 2 YEARS OLD.

PHYSICAL AND
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH OF BODY ORGANS
POSITIVE ACCELERATION
NEGATIVE ACCELERATION
REVERSAL GROWTH
S-SHAPED CURVE
 Infants need to learn
how to move and to
use their bodies to
perform various tasks,
a process better
known as
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT.
 Initially, babies’
movements are simply
the uncontrolled,
reflexive movements
they are born with.
NEWBORN REFLEX
rooting reflex eflex
sucking reflex
sucking reflex
moro reflex eflex
grasp reflex
grasp reflex
babinski reflex reflex
stepping reflex
stepping reflex
tonic neck reflex reflex
ATTACHMENT
is a deep and enduring
emotional bond that
connects one person to
another across time and
space (Ainsworth,
1973; Bowlby, 1969).
 ATTACHMENT
does not have to be
reciprocal. One person
may have an attachment to
an individual which is not
shared.
ATTACHMENT
is characterized by
specific behaviors in
children, such as seeking
proximity to the
attachment figure when
upset or threatened
(Bowlby, 1969).
ATTACHMENT
Bowlby defined
attachment as a 'lasting
psychological
connectedness between
human beings.'
(1969, p. 194)
 ATTACHMENT
Stranger Anxiety - response to the
arrival of a stranger.

Separation Anxiety - distress level

when separated from a carer, the
degree of comfort needed on return.

Social Referencing - the degree a

child looks at their carer to check
how they should respond to
something new (secure base).
STAGES OF
ATTACHMENT
ASOCIAL (0 – 6 WEEKS)
Very young infants are asocial
in that many kinds of stimuli,
both social and non-social,
produce a favorable reaction,
such as a smile.
STAGES OF
ATTACHMENT
INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENTS
(6 WEEKS TO 7 MONTHS)
Infants indiscriminately enjoy
human company, and most babies
respond equally to any caregiver.
They get upset when an individual
ceases to interact with them.

From 3 months infants smile more

at familiar faces and can be easily
comfortable by a regular caregiver..
STAGES OF
ATTACHMENT
SPECIFIC ATTACHMENT
(7 - 9 MONTHS)
Special preference for a single
attachment figure. The baby
looks to particular people for
security, comfort, and protection.
It shows fear of strangers
(stranger fear) and unhappiness
when separated from a special
person (separation anxiety).
STAGES OF
ATTACHMENT
MULTIPLE ATTACHMENT
(10 MONTHS AND ONWARDS)
The baby becomes
increasingly independent and
forms several attachments. By
18 months the majority of
infants have formed multiple
attachments.
PLAY ME
 CAN YOU
DESCRIBE ERNIE?
EARLY CHILDHOOD IS
PROBLEM AGE PRE-SCHOOL AGE
TROUBLESOME AGE TOY AGE
PREGANG AGE CREATIVITY STAGE
QUESTIONING STAGE
EXPLORATORY STAGE
 STAGES OF PLAY is a theory
and classification of
children's participation
in play developed by Mildred
Parten Newhall in her 1929
dissertation.
STAGE 1: UNOCCUPIED
when the child is not playing, just
observing. A child may be standing
in one spot or performing random
movements
STAGE 2: SOLITARY PLAY
when the child is alone and
maintains focus on its activity. Such
a child is uninterested in or is
unaware of what others are doing.
STAGE 3: ONLOOKER PLAY
when the child watches others at
play but does not engage in it.
STAGE 4: PARALLEL PLAY
when the child plays separately
from others but close to them and
mimicking their actions.
STAGE 5: ASSOCIATIVE PLAY
when the child is interested in the
people playing but not in
coordinating their activities with
those people.
STAGE 6: COOPERATIVE PLAY
when a child is interested both in
the people playing and in the activity
they are doing.
STAGE 6: COOPERATIVE PLAY
when a child is interested both in
the people playing and in the activity
they are doing.