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Bhabesh Sarangi
(Dated: April 23, 2019)
In this experiment, we use expEYES kit, we drop a magnet through a coil, an emf is induced in
the coil according to Faradayas law of electromagnetic induction. The plot of emf versus time has
a specific shape with two peaks devised. If we use a long conducting tube instead of a simple coil
in this experiment, it can even help in measuring the eddy current damping coefficient k.
m = NIA = NIπr2
NIr2 = m
π ..........(3)
II. THEORY
where r is the radius of the cylindrical magnet.
The flux through a coil can be changed in many
ways, such as moving the coil in a magnetic field or We know that the field along the axis of the circu-
moving a magnet back and forth through the coil. lar coil is given by
Here we discuss the case in which the coil is fixed and
the magnet is dropped through it from a height. The µo N Ir 2
B= 2(r 2 +x2 )3/2
emf induced in the coil versus time can be examined
with a cathode-ray oscilloscope or any other measuring where x is the distance from the centre of the magnet to
device. The curve is obtained on a computer screen the centre of the coil.
using the expEYES kit, giving two peaks. We can
also note that the second peak is bigger than the B= µo m
2π(r 2 +x2 )3/2
first peak, due to the acceleration of the magnet as
it moves down, showing that the emf depends on the So from 2, we get,
velocity of the magnet. We can also see that the emf
increases with an increase in the moment of the magnet. emf = -NA d(B) dt = - µ2π
om d
NA dt (r2 + x2 )−3/2 =
If we can obtain a mathematical expression for the 3µo m 2 2 −3/2
induced emf as a function of time then the above exper- 2π NA(r + x ) xv
..........(4)
iment can be used to measure the moment of the magnet. where v = velocity of the magnet
The derivation of the expression will be easier if
consider the magnet to be a current-carrying coil or a
solenoid. If the magnet is small we can approximate
it as a plane current-carrying coil; otherwise we can
approximate it as a current-carrying solenoid.
x = -xo + vt
So 4 can be written as
emf = 3µ2π om
NA(r2 + (vt + −xo )2 )−3/2 v(−xo + vt)
..........(5)
z = -zo + 1/2gt2
v = gt
emf = a X (-0.05 + 21 gt2 ) X ((0.05)2 + (0.05 + 12 gt2 )2 )5/2 signal transmission etc.
X gt
3µo m
where a = 2π NA
VI. PRECAUTION
So, by curve fitting, we can easily determine the
value of the magnetic moment m, proving that the em • The connection should be tight.
induction experiment can be used to determine the
moment of a magnet. Therefore,by fitting the curve • The spring loaded probe should be allowed to rest
in Python 2.7,we got a = 4.3 X 10−9 as shown in figure 3. on the sample very gently, other wise it may dam-
age the conducting surface of the sample or even
3µo m
here a = 2π NA = 4.3 X 10−9 break the sample.
a2π
So m = 3µo mN A = 0.12 Am2
VII. ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS DONE
• Measuring Voltage
• Measuring Capacitance
From the graph obtained in figure 3, the second peak
is bigger than the first peak, due to the acceleration • Direct and Alternating Currents
of the magnet as it moves down, showing that the emf
depends on the velocity of the magnet. We can also see • AC mains pickup
that the emf increases with an increase in the moment
of the magnet. • Separating DC and AC components
• Human body as a conductor
Moment of the magnet using EM induction: m =
• Resistance of human body
0.12Am2
• Digtizing sound
Here we learned how to use the expEYES kit to
determine the magnetic moment of the magnet only • Light dependent resistors
we can perform different experiments like Opto-electric