TOPIC 1 – INTRODUCTION TO

RESEARCH

PREPARED BY: WAN RAIHAN WAN SHAAIDI

 LECTURE OUTLINE
™What is Research?

–
™Why Research?
(The Role and importance of research)

™Purpose of Conducting a Research

™Conducting and writing a research

 –

WHAT IS RESEARCH?
WHAT IS A RESEARCH?
–
A systematic
search for to obtain a clear
information picture
concerning the
underlying
problem.
WHAT IS A RESEARCH?
–
a process of identifying the
problem thoroughly and
objectively

collecting and analyzing the

relevant data in order to
determine the possible
factors causing the problem.
 –

WHY RESEARCH?
 GST



Malaysian
saviour 



or Catastrophe
Catastrophy
 –

WHY RESEARCH?
 – To
To provide
confirm To useful
the confirm informat
belief of new ion to
common ideas. stakehol
sense. ders or
public
Purpose of Conducting a Research

PURE APPLIED
SCIENCE SCIENCE
 Applied scientists might look
for answers to specific
questions that help humanity

For example medical research or

environmental studies.

The purpose of research is about

testing theories, often generated by
pure science.
Applying them to real situations,
addressing more than just abstract
principles.
 

CONDUCTING AND WRITING A RESEARCH
 Relationship between doing
research and writing research report
Conducting a Research
– Writing a Research Report
Identify a problem, purpose
Write the introduction
and objectives of study

Write the literature

Review Literature
review section

Collect data, conduct Write data collection

experiment method section

Write the result and

Analyse data
discussion section

Write the conclusions and

Draw conclusions
recommendations section
 –
HOW TO CONDUCT A
RESEARCH?
What is the issue
–
or problem that Why are you Where will you
you would like to
investigate/
conducting the collect the
study? research? data?
 What is the
Who will be –
How will you
timeframe for
your collect the
you to conduct
respondents? data?
the research?
 –

TYPES OF RESEARCH
 Quantitative
Research

– Qualitative
Types of Research

Research
Mixed Method
Research

Experimental
Research
 Correlational
research

– Causal-comparative
Types of research
Research Historical
research

Action
research
 Quantitative
Research
Study & Info is
describe randomly Provide us with
–
characteristics collected from lots of info
(e.g. opinions, a sample. obtained from
large sample of
abilities, individuals in
attitudes, No need from form of numbers
beliefs) of a every member (statistics/
group of of the percentages).
people population.
 Qualitative
Research
Study that describes in details
what goes on in a particular
activity or situation
(everyday experience).
–
Info is collected by going
directly to the setting /
source.

Info is collected in form of

words / pictures.
 Types of data collected:

Interview Photographs
scripts
Field
notes Audio
recording

Qualitative
Research
 Types of data collected:

Personal
Video
comments
tapes

Diaries
Memo

Qualitative
Research
 Mixed Method
Research

Quantitative Research

Qualitative Research

to best understand and explain a

research problem.
 Experimental
Research

Study cause-effect Researchers predict

relationships among
variables. and test hypotheses.

Researchers make
comparisons on the tests
of different groups.
 Experimental
Research

The only research that the researchers

attempt to influence the data/outcome
of the study.
 Correlational research

™ Study the possibility of the relationships

between variables.

™ e.g students perform better at mathematics

test when they listen to music during classes
 Causal-comparative research

™ Study that compares known groups who have

different experiences to determine possible causes
or consequences of group membership.

™ E.g. to determine whether students from Marang do poorly

in learning English language than students from Kijal.

 Historical research

™Study some aspects of the past.

™Via document analysis of that period, interview

individuals who lived during that period.
 Historical research

Study about Noah Ark

Interview people who
Read secondary datawere
aboutliving
the
nearfinding
the area.
 Action research

Ø Study by the practitioners to help

improve practice.

Ø E.g Tangling’s restaurant manager

studies the process of customers order.
How to make it even faster?
 Before we end the class today

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