INDEX

Ch. No. Contents Page No.

Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Table
List of Graphs
Abbreviations
1.0 Introduction
1.1 General 1
1.2 Road Problems Statements in India 2
1.3 Need and Necessity 4
1.4 Objectives 4

2.0 Literature Review 6

3.0 Description
9
3.1 What is automated highway system (AHS)?
9
3.2 Component and function of automated highway system.
9
3.2.1 Lateral Motion Handling
9
3.2.2 Longitudinal Motion Handling
12
3.2.3 Obstacle Handling
15
3.3 Level of Automation
16
3.3.1 Level 0 – No Automation
16
3.3.2 Level 1 – Function Specific Automation
16
3.3.3 Level 2 – Combined-Function Automation
17
3.3.4 Level 3 – Limited Self-Driving Automation
17
3.3.5 Level 4 - Full Self-Driving Automation
17
3.4 Automated Highway Systems Related To Infrastructure
17
3.5 ETC (Electronic Toll Collection)
20
4.0 Methodology and Data Collection
4.1 Information of Amravati to Talegaon National Highway. 22
4.1.1Classified Traffic Volume Count 23
 4.1.2 Traffic Characteristics 24
4.1.3 Traffic Data 25
4.1.4 Analysis of Traffic Count 25
4.1.5 Analysis of Accident Data 27
4.2 Intelligent Transport System (ITS) History 30
4.2.1 Case Study of Japan Automated Highway 31
4.3 Road Condition and Causes of Accident, Injuries, Fatalities 32
4.3.1 Shoulder 33
4.3.2 Roadside Concrete Structure 34
4.3.3 Poor Road Signage 35
4.3.4 Poor Road Marking 36
4.3.5 Median Concrete Structure 36
5.0 Data Analysis & Results
5.1 Accident Rate by Frequency Method 38
5.2 Accident Rate by Section Exposure 41
6.0 Conclusion 43
References 44
Certificates of Paper Publication
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title of figure Page No.
3.1 Longitudinal Motion Handling 10
3.2 Lane Changing Mechanism 11
3.3 Sensor Working algorithm. 11
3.4 Image processing steps of the lane detection algorithm. 12
3.5 Longitudinal Motion Handling 13
3.6 Combination of Longitudinal and Lateral motion 15
3.7 Obstacle Handling 16
3.8 ETC Mechanism 20
4.1 Amravati to Talegaon National Highway 22
4.2 Toll Plaza Location as TP1 24
4.3 State-wise Road Accidents in 2017 27
4.4 NH6 Shoulder image and narrow shoulder 33
Shoulders provided on both sides of the roadway (road side
4.5 33
and median side) with continuous rumble strips.
4.6 Highway roadside concrete structures 34
Pictures of impact attenuators – metal (left) and sand/water-
4.7 34
filled barrels (right).
4.8 Poor road signage on the highway 35
4.9 Poor road signage on the highway side 35
(left) Center strip of thermoplastic paint not done (right)
4.10 36
shoulder side Thermoplastic paint faded
4.11 PCC damaged at median 37
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Table Title Page No.
4.1 Vehicle Classification System 24
4.2 Traffic Data 25
4.3 PCU Factor Adopting For Study 26
4.4 Traffic in PCU 26
4.5 Accident Data Amravati to Talegaon 28
4.6 Accident Data of Animals Amravati to Talegaon 29
4.7 Accident Data of Japan before Automation 31
4.8 Accident Data of Japan after Automation 32
5.1 Total Accident Rate Amravati to Talegaon 38
5.2 Accident Rate of Fatal Amravati to Talegaon 39
5.3 Accident Rate of Animals Amravati to Talegaon 40
Accident rate of the section in accidents per million
5.4 42
vehicle miles of travel
 LIST OF GRAPHS
Graph No. Graph Title Page No.
4.1 Accident data of April 2015- April2018 29
4.2 Accident data of Animals 30
4.3 Before and After Automation of highway Accident 32
5.1 Total Accident Rate per km 39
5.2 Percentage of accident rate of fatal 40
5.3 Accident Rate of Animals 41
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Sr. No. Abbreviations Full Form
1 AHS Automated Highway System
2 RSA Road Safety Audit
3 NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
4 ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
5 ETC Electronic Toll Collection
6 RFID Radio Frequency Identification
7 NH National Highway
8 LCV Light Good Vehicles
9 HCV Heavy Good Vehicles
10 PCU Passenger Car Unit
11 ITS Intelligent Transport System
12 ERGS Electronic Route Guidance System
13 RACS Road Automobile Communication System
14 DRIVE Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Europe
15 IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
16 CATCS Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System
17 AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic
18 MVM Million Vehicles Miles
19 R Accident Rate by Frequency Method
20 Rse Accident Rate by Section Exposure Method
21 A Accident Occur at Study Area
22 L Length of Road
23 T Time Periods in Year
24 V Average Annual Daily Traffic During Study Period