Volume-2 - Mzec Protection Requirements PDF

MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY S.A.O.C.
MZEC NETWORK PROTECTION POLICY AND SPECIFICATIONS
Bus
CB CT VT Line
Distance
Relay =
=
21
Protection Device Battery
Original Issue: November 2013

First Revision: December 2014
This Revision September 2016
Date for Next Review: September 2019
MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY S.A.O.C VERSION 2.0
Documentation Control
Endorsements/Approval
Record of Revisions
REV NO. DATE AUTHOR SCOPE/REMARKS

Nathan Kirby and Nick Randles
Version 0 Nov 2013 Original Issue
(SKM)
Version 1.0 Dec 2014 Mohammed Al-Amri Revised Issue
MZEC Protection Team & B K

Version 2.0 Sept 2016 Rakholiya (Zero Sequence Revised Issue
Solution)
Page 2 of 126 MZEC Network Protection Policy and Specifications Effective: Sept/2016
“PRINTED COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED“ Doc No: MZEC/PPS
RECORD OF DOCUMENT MODIFICATIONS
Revision clause page Description

Number
2 1.6 17,18 Long time inverse formula and curve have been included
Table1,
Figure1
2 1.7 19,20 ANSI number 29 has been removed
2 2.2.1(2) 26
Percentage of OHL (20%) has been given for the usage of distance protection
2 2.2.2 26 Capacitor bank OC and EF has been removed from back up protection topic,
since it is used as main protection for capacitor bank
2 2.2.2 26 Distance protection has been included in back up protection when there is
line differential protection used as main protection.( point E)
2 2.2.3 27 SEF relay is actually connected with CBCT
2 2.2.3(2) 27 General information about broken conductor has been elaborated
2 2.2.3(6) 28 Percentage of OHL (20%) has been mentioned for the usage of auto recloser
function. And the list auto recloser blocking functions.
2 2.2.3(7) 28 IDMT function has been added in 33kv side of outdoor switch gear.(point B)
2 2.3 29 Percentage of OHL (20%) has been mentioned for the usage of auto recloser
function.(point D)
2 2.3 29 Over voltage and under voltage function have been removed from 11kV
capacitor switch gear panel. Since 27 ,59 relay which is used in capacitor
control panel, that is well enough to provide this functions(point F)
2 3.4 37 Sample SLD diagram has been attached for distance protection
2 3.4 (Table3) 38 Distance characteristics has been added
2 3.4 (Table3) 38 ZONE1 REACH: Since there is no mutual coupled network in Mazoon ,that
point has been removed
2 3.4 (Table3) 38 ZONE 1 RESISTIVE REACH: Since the minimum load impedance and arc
resistance are considered for calculating zone resistive reach ,the remark of
10 times of zone 1 reach setting has been removed
2 3.4 (Table3) 38 ZONE2 REACH: Since there is no mutual coupled network in Mazoon ,that
point has been removed
2 3.4 (Table3) 39 ZONE 3 reach setting has been changed from 120% of protected line+ 120%
of Ztx (single TX) to 150% of protected line+ 150% of Ztx (single TX) in order
to give additional coverage on 11kv circuit
2 3.4 (Table3) 40 ZONE 4 reach setting has been considered as 10% of Z1 reach setting
2 3.4 (Table3) 40 ZONE 4 RESISTIVE REACH: considered same as Z3 resistive reach
2 3.5(Table4) 43 33kV PSS DOC function’s pick up is considered as 80A
2 3.5(Table 4) 43 33kV PSS DEF function’s pick up is considered as 40A
2 3.5(Table 4) 44 33kV capacitor feeder OV and UV function’s setting has been updated
2 3.5(Table 4) 45 20MVA TX’s inrush current has been also considered for 33kv PSS OC relay’s
pick up.
2 3.5(Table 4) 45 11kV DOC relay should be coordinated with 33kv DOC relay
2 3.5(Table 4) 45 11kv DEF relay’s TMS has been changed into 0.05 .since it does not need to
coordinate with 33KV DEF
2 3.5(Table 4) 47 11kV incomer’s over current pick up setting should be considered above
20MVA TX’s secondary FLC
2 3.6.2 50 11kV 46BC function’s operating time=5S, 33kV 46BC function’s operating
time=10s, These settings are recommended in order to give coordination
between 33KV 46BC function and 11kV 46BC function
2 3.6.3. 50 59N relay’s operating time has been considered as 10s in order to trip both
33kv grid OG’s CB and 33kV PSS CB at same time
2 3.9 51 Some general points have been added about under frequency scheme
2 4.4.2 58 Requirements of protection have been added
2 5.2.1 62 Trip relay and Protection relay output contact’s characteristic has been added
(pointA) (pointB)
2 5.2.1 62 Two binary outputs(pick up and trip) of protection relay should be provided in
test plug in order to testing purpose
2 5.2.1.2 63 When opening of 33kV or 11kV SWGR’s rear door, the particular feeder
should get tripped. That point has been added (point C)
2 5.2.1.2 63 Live line indicator should be present in all 33kV and 11kV SWGR panels. That
point has been incorporated (Point D)
2 5.2.3.4 65 All protection relay should have four setting group. That point has been
added
2 5.2.5.4. 70 All protection relay should have the capability of accepting IRIG-B and SNTP
signal input for time synchronisation
2 5.3.1. 73 General information’s about Fibre optic communication have been added
2 5.3.2. 73 If communication fails because of failure of fibre optic cable, the relay should
automatically go for back up protection functions. That point has been added
2 5.3.3. 73 Line differential relay should have line capacitive charging current
compensation feature. That point has been added
2 5.4.1. 74 The information about CT supervision relay has been added under the topic
of High Impedance current protection(Point B)
2 5.6.3. 76 Distance relay should have Earth compensation factor setting for each zone
separately, VT fail setting. These points have been added under distance relay
setting requirements
2 5.7 77 The step size for OCEF relay should be 0.025A instead of 0.05A
2 5.12 79 PH-PH voltage should be given to AVR instead of PH-NEUTRAL. So 63.5V has
been removed
2 5.17 81 Grid Bus section CT’s ratio has been changed from 400/1A to 2400/1A
2 5.17 81 46BC function has been removed from 11kV OG cable feeders
2 Appendix A 86 Auto recloser function has been removed from main protection column of
33kV OG feeders. And If OHL is more than 20% ,ARC should be activated
2 Appendix A 86 Distance protection should act as back up function for line differential
protection of 33KV Cable OG feeders
2 Appendix A 86 Since Capacitor bank’s 27, 59 and 46 functions act as main protection. Those
have been removed from Indoor 33kV capacitor feeder’s back up protection
column
have been removed from Indoor 11kV capacitor feeder’s back up protection
column
have been removed from outdoor 11kV capacitor feeder’s back up protection
column
2 Appendix E 117 11kV DOC setting has changed to 240A
2 Appendix E 117 33kV DOC setting has changed to 80A
2 Appendix G 122 In the list of distance protection relay testing items, These following have
been added
1. SOTF 2.VT fail 3. Distance scheme check 4.Fault location check
5.Disturbance record check
2 Appendix G 122 In the list of line differential protection relay and scheme testing items, these
following have been added
1.Measurement check 2.unbias restrain check
2 Appendix G 122 CT supervision relay should be tested ,that has been added in High
impedance relay testing list
2 Appendix I 125 Appendix: I Recommended distance settings for multi tapping system have
been incorporated
Table of Contents
1. NETWORK PROTECTION POLICY ................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Network Protection Policy Statement .................................................................................. 10
1.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 List of General Definitions..................................................................................................... 13
1.4 List of Specific Definitions ..................................................................................................... 14
1.5 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 15
1.6 List of Equations .................................................................................................................... 17
1.7 ANSI Device Numbers ........................................................................................................... 19
1.8 Licence and Code Obligations ............................................................................................... 21
1.8.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 21

1.8.2 Sector Law ..................................................................................................................... 21
1.8.3 Obligations under the Distribution Licence .................................................................. 21
1.8.4 Requirements of the Distribution Code ........................................................................ 22
1.8.5 Requirements of the Grid Code .................................................................................... 22
1.9 Responsibilities for Policy Implementation and Maintenance ............................................. 23

2. PROTECTION APPLICATION POLICY .............................................................................................. 24
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.2 33kV Network Protection...................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1 Main Protection Schemes ............................................................................................. 25

2.2.2 Backup Protection Schemes.......................................................................................... 26
2.2.3 Additional Protection Functions ................................................................................... 27
2.3 11kV Network Protection...................................................................................................... 29
2.4 Customer Connections .......................................................................................................... 30

2.5 Current Transformers ........................................................................................................... 30
2.5.1 Protective CT’s .............................................................................................................. 30

2.5.2 Metering CT’s ................................................................................................................ 31
2.6 Voltage Transformers ........................................................................................................... 31
2.6.1 Protective VT’s .............................................................................................................. 31

2.6.2 Metering VT’s ................................................................................................................ 31
2.7 Automatic Load shedding ..................................................................................................... 32
2.7.1 Under-frequency Protection ......................................................................................... 32
2.7.2 Cross-Tripping Scheme.................................................................................................. 32
2.8 Network Fault Levels............................................................................................................. 32
2.9 Fault Clearance Times ........................................................................................................... 33
3. PROTECTION SETTING POLICY ...................................................................................................... 34

3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 34
3.2 Calculation Documentation .................................................................................................. 34
3.3 Unit Protection Schemes ...................................................................................................... 34
3.3.1 Bus Zone Protection ...................................................................................................... 34

3.3.2 Line Differential Protection ........................................................................................... 35
3.3.3 Transformer Differential Protection ............................................................................. 35
3.3.4 Restricted Earth Fault Protection.................................................................................. 36
3.4 Distance Protection............................................................................................................... 36

3.5 Time Delayed Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection ........................................................ 41
3.6 Other Time Delayed Protection ............................................................................................ 50
3.6.1 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection.................................................................................... 50

3.6.2 Open Circuit Protection ................................................................................................ 50
3.6.3 Neutral Voltage Displacement Protection .................................................................... 50
3.7 Transformer Mechanical Protection ..................................................................................... 50
3.8 Transformer Tap Change ...................................................................................................... 51
Under frequency Protection ......................................................................................................... 51

3.9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
4. PROTECTION OPERATIONAL POLICY ............................................................................................. 52

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 52
4.2 Protection Equipment Records and Data Management ....................................................... 52

4.2.1 Protection Schematic and Wiring Diagrams ................................................................. 53
4.2.2 Protection Relay and Settings Data .............................................................................. 53
4.2.3 Relay Type Test Data ..................................................................................................... 54
4.2.4 Commissioning Records ................................................................................................ 54
4.3 Installation and Commissioning ............................................................................................ 54
4.3.1 Inspection and Testing – General Requirements .......................................................... 54

4.3.2 Inspection and Testing – During Manufacture ............................................................. 54
4.3.3 Tests at Manufacturer’s Works ..................................................................................... 55
4.3.4 Test Certificates ............................................................................................................ 55

4.3.5 Information to be provided prior to commissioning .................................................... 55
4.3.6 Protective Relaying Equipment ..................................................................................... 55
4.3.7 Tests at Site ................................................................................................................... 56
4.3.8 Commissioning of New Installations ............................................................................. 56
4.3.9 Commissioning of Protection Modifications................................................................. 57
4.4 Protection Relay Settings ...................................................................................................... 58
4.4.1 Unit Protection Relay Settings: ..................................................................................... 58

4.4.2 Time Graded and Impedance Relay settings. ............................................................... 58
4.5 Routine Testing ..................................................................................................................... 59
4.6 Post Fault Restoration and Investigation .............................................................................. 59
4.7 Interface with OETC .............................................................................................................. 60

4.8 Equipment Calibration .......................................................................................................... 60
5. PROTECTION TECHINCAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 61
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 61
5.2 General Protection Requirements ........................................................................................ 61
5.2.1 Protection Relay Panels – General ................................................................................ 62

5.2.2 Test and Isolation Facilities ........................................................................................... 64
5.2.3 Protection Relay Technology ........................................................................................ 64
5.2.4 Indications ..................................................................................................................... 67
5.2.5 Relay Communication System....................................................................................... 68
5.2.6 Environmental Requirements ....................................................................................... 70
5.2.7 Mechanical Specification .............................................................................................. 70
5.2.8 Electrical Specification .................................................................................................. 71
5.2.9 Electromagnetic Compatibility ...................................................................................... 72
5.3 Line Differential Protection (87L) .......................................................................................... 73

5.3.1 Primary functions .......................................................................................................... 73
5.3.2 Additional Functions ..................................................................................................... 73
5.3.3 Relay Setting Requirements .......................................................................................... 73
5.3.4 Relay Compatibility ....................................................................................................... 74
5.4 33kV High Impedance Circulating Current Protection (87B, 64N) ........................................ 74

5.5 Transformer Biased Differential Protection (87T) ................................................................ 75

5.6 Distance Protection (21) ....................................................................................................... 75

5.6.2 Additional Functions ..................................................................................................... 76
5.7 IDMT Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection (51, 51N, 51G, 46) ....................................... 77
5.8 Sensitive Earth Fault (51N).................................................................................................... 78
5.9 Neutral Voltage Displacement (59N) .................................................................................... 78
5.10 Delayed Auto Reclose (79) .................................................................................................... 78
5.11 Capacitor Bank Protection .................................................................................................... 79

5.12 Automatic Voltage Regulator................................................................................................ 79
5.13 Pole Mounted Autoreclosers ................................................................................................ 80
5.14 11kV Cross Tripping Scheme ................................................................................................. 80
5.15 Trip and Lockout Relays ........................................................................................................ 80

5.16 Test Block and Plug ............................................................................................................... 81
5.17 CT & VT Requirements .......................................................................................................... 81
5.18 Fuses, Links and Miniature circuit breaker ........................................................................... 85
APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS BY CIRCUIT TYPE .......................................... 86

APPENDIX B SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS OF TYPICAL PROTECTION SCHEME ........................................ 91
APPENDIX C 11KV CROSS TRIPPING SCHEME .................................................................................. 112

APPENDIX D SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION WITHIN CUSTOMER FACILITIES..... 114
APPENDIX E INDICATIVE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION SETTINGS ................... 116
APPENDIX F SUMMARY OF RELEVANT INFORMATION FOR OTHER MZEC DEPARTMENTS ........... 120
APPENDIX G PROTECTION RELAY TESTING CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................ 121

APPENDIX H A SUMMARY OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED FOR PROTECTION CALCULATION 124
APPENDIX I APPENDIX I: RECOMMENDED SETTINGS FOR MULTI TAPPING NETWORK:............... 125
1. NETWORK PROTECTION POLICY

1.1 Network Protection Policy Statement
The network protection systems will be designed, operated and managed in such a way as to
ensure compliance with the obligations set out within the Sector Law, Distribution Licence,
Distribution Code and Grid Code.
The protection schemes will be designed to provide effective discriminative clearance of network
component faults in such a way as to minimise risks to the public and to network components, to
maintain network stability and to result in the least possible network disruption in the event of a
network fault.
The protection schemes at the ownership boundary interfaces to the Transmission Company
(OETC) and to bulk supply customers will be designed in collaboration with those companies to
ensure that the overall network protection system functions as a properly coordinated scheme.
This policy provides details of the functionality of the protection systems to reliably identify
system faults and automatically initiate action to isolate the affected equipment or section of
distribution network. The objective of the policy will:
- Prevent or minimize equipment damage.
- Limit the number of affected customers from power disruptions.
- Minimise disruption to the healthy part of the system.
To meet these overall protection policy objectives, the protection system shall:
- Be comprised of separate independent protection relays for main and backup protection.
- Correctly operate for the full range of anticipated system fault levels.
- Be stable for short time over load conditions (within the safe withstand limits of
equipment) and for normal dynamic system conditions, including normal motor starting
current and transformer inrush currents.
Compliance with this Network Protection Policy Statement will, as a minimum, ensure that:
 MZEC satisfies the requirement of its legal and regulatory obligations with respect to the
protection of the network;
 The Distribution System is developed in a safe, efficient and economic manner;
 MZEC continues to provide a reliable and secure service to its customers; and
 Contribution is made to the achievement of the requirements set out in the MZEC vision and
Mission Statements.
Protection Policy Documents, as defined as “Associated Documents”, will set out the detailed
implementation requirements of this Policy Statement.
The Protection Policy Documents will be reviewed when required (or at least every 3 years) and
will be subject to formal authorisation by the Technical Services Manager.
1.2 Introduction
1.2.1 Scope
This Network Protection Policy and Specifications document defines the corporate policy
including electrical protection schemes and equipment for 33kV, 11kV and 415V. In 415V system,
the scope limited up to 415V incomer. This policy is to be applied for all new protection systems
commissioned after the effective date.
Where protection systems commissioned prior to the effective date differ from the requirements
of this policy, they should be checked and verified as soon as practically possible as suitable for
the existing protection arrangements. If suitable these systems may be maintained and shall be
noted and approved by the Head of Protection as existing deviations from this policy. Protection
systems shall be brought in line with this policy as affected circuits are upgraded or reconfigured
as part of planned asset replacement programs or sooner if justification is made on the grounds
of experience of protection mal-operation or sub-standard network performance. The upgrading
of existing protection systems to ensure compliance with this policy shall be undertaken following
management approval.
The purpose of this document is to set out the policy requirements and specifications to ensure
that the Company complies with the relevant obligations of the Sector Law, Distribution Licence,
Grid Code and Distribution Code.
1.2.2 Compliance with the Standard
In case of any deviation from this standard, a written agreement of MZEC shall be obtained prior
to performing related protection work. Compliance with the standard for modifications or
extension to the existing system may not always be possible. In such cases, a written instruction
shall be obtained to indicate whether this deviation is accepted or not.
This document uses the device function numbers IEEE (ANSI) Standard C37.2.
1.2.3 Contents of the document
This document consists of four separate sections, namely:
SECTION TITLE CONTENTS
2 Protection Application Policy Defines the type of protection to be applied

for each network asset.
3 Protection Setting Policy Defines the principles and methodology to

be applied to setting of protection relays.
4 Protection Operational Policy Defines the principles and process to be

applied for maintenance and routine testing
of protection systems. This also includes the
process for the investigation of protection
mal-operations.
5 Protection Technical Specifications Functional specifications defining the
requirements for MZEC protection schemes.
1.3 List of General Definitions
The following definitions identify the meanings of words and acronyms used in this document.
Plurals of the words and variations of tense are considered to have similar meanings.
Authority Authority for Electricity Regulation (AER)
Distribution Code Referred to in the MZEC Licence, the Distribution Code contains rules in
relation to the connection to, operation and maintenance of and
changes to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distributors.
Grid Code Referred to in the MZEC Licence, the Grid Code contains rules in
relation to the planning, development, connection to, operation and
maintenance of and changes to OETC’s Transmission System.
Licence The Distribution & Supply Licence granted to MZEC by the Authority for
Electricity Regulation (AER) on 1 May 2005
MZEC Mazoon Electricity Company S.A.O.C.
OES Oman Electrical Standard
OETC Oman Electricity Transmission Company – The Licensed owner &

operator of the transmission system (132kV & above)
Security Standards Referred to in the MZEC Licence, the Security Standards set out the
network planning requirements for different Demand Groups.
Contractor The party that carries out all or part of project works including design
calculation, engineering, procurement, installation, commissioning, or
maintenance of a facility.
Manufacturer The party that manufactures equipment and services to carry out the
duties.
Shall The word shall indicate a requirement.
Should The word should indicate a recommendation.
1.4 List of Specific Definitions

The following definitions identify the meanings of words used in this document. Plurals of the
words and variations of tense are considered to have similar meanings.
Inverse Definite Minimum An inverse time relay having an operating time that tends towards a
Time* minimum value with increasing values of the electrical characteristic
quantity.
Time Multiplier Setting Used to adapt the speed of operation of inverse-time curves.
(TMS)*
Protection system* A combination of protection equipment designed to secure, under

predetermined conditions, usually abnormal, the disconnection of an
element of a power system, or to give an alarm signal, or both
Characteristic quantity* A quantity, the value of which characterises the operation of the relay,
for example, current for an overcurrent relay, voltage for a voltage
relay, phase angle for a directional relay, time for an independent time
delay relay, impedance for an impedance relay.
Relay operating time* With a relay de-energised and in its initial condition, the time which
elapses between the application of a characteristic quantity and the
instant when the relay operates.
Pick-up* A relay is said to “pick-up” when it changes from the deenergised

position to the energised position
Resetting value* The limiting value of the characteristic quantity at which the relay
returns to its initial position
Setting* The limiting value of a “characteristic” or “energising” quantity at which

the relay is designed to operate under specified conditions. Such values
are usually marked on the relay and may be expressed as direct values,
percentages of rated values, or multiples of rated values.
Maximum system The network conditions during peak periods at which the MZEC
conditions network will be subject to the highest fault level in-feed from the OETC
transmission network. Used for the purpose of calculation of maximum
fault levels for the determination of protection grading margins.
Minimum system The network conditions during the off-peak periods at which the MZEC
conditions network will be subject to the lowest fault level in-feed from the OETC
transmission network. Used for the purpose of calculation of minimum
fault levels for the determination of protection sensitivity.
* Definition taken from Alstom ‘Network Protection & Automation Guide (NPAG)’
1.5 List of Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used throughout this document.
AC Alternating Current
ARC Delayed Auto-Reclose
CB Circuit Breaker
CT Current Transformer
DC Direct Current
DCRP Distribution Code Review Panel
DEF Directional Earth Fault
DOC Directional Overcurrent
DT Definite Time
EF Earth Fault
GPS Global Positioning System
IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time
LED Light Emitting Diode
LDC Load Dispatch Centre
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement
OC Overcurrent
OHL Overhead Line
OLTC On Load Tap Changer
PMR Pole Mounted Recloser
REF Restricted Earth Fault
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SBEF Standby Earth Fault
SCADA Substation Communication and Data Acquisition
SEF Sensitive Earth Fault
SLD Single Line Diagram
SOTF Switch Onto Fault
TMS Time Multiplier Setting
VT Voltage Transformer
PSS Primary sub station
1.6 List of Equations

The following equations are referred to in this document.
The current/time tripping characteristics of IDMT relays may need to be varied according to the
tripping time required and the characteristics of other protection devices used in the network.
For these purposes, IEC 60255 defines a number of standard characteristics as follows:
 Standard Inverse (SI)
 Very Inverse (VI)
 Extremely Inverse (EI)
 Long time Inverse (LI)
The mathematical descriptions of the curves are given in Table 1, and the curves based on a
common setting current and Time Multiplier Setting of 1 (and definite time operation at 20 times
pickup) are shown in Figure 1.
Table 1 - IDMT relay equations according to IEC 60255
Relay characteristic Equation (IEC 60255)
0.14
Standard Inverse (SI) 𝑡 = TMS a
I 0.02
(Is) −1
13.5
Very Inverse (VI) 𝑡 = TMS × I
(Is) − 1
80
Extremely Inverse (EI) t = TMS ×
I 2
(Is) − 1
120
Long time inverse t = TMS × I
( ) −1
Is
Where:
T Relay operating time
I Measured current
Is Relay setting current
TMS Time Multiplier Setting
Figure 1 - IDMT relay characteristics according to IEC 60255
1.7 ANSI Device Numbers

ANSI Standard Device Numbers (ANSI / IEEE Standard C37.2) denote the relay protection
functionality. ANSI Device numbers are to be used to identify the protection functions on all
schematic diagrams.
Device Number Acronym
21 Distance Protection
25 Synchronising or Synchronism Check
27 Under voltage Protection
37 Undercurrent Protection
43 Selector Switch
46BC Broken Conductor Protection
50 Definite Time Overcurrent Protection
50N Definite Time Earth Fault Protection (measured neutral current)
50G Definite Time Earth Fault Protection (calculated neutral current)
50BF Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
51 Inverse Time Overcurrent Protection
51N Inverse Time Earth Fault Protection (measured neutral current)
51G Inverse Time Earth Fault Protection (calculated neutral current)
52 AC Circuit Breaker
59 Overvoltage Protection
59N Neutral Voltage Displacement Protection
64N Restricted Earth Fault Protection
67 Directional Overcurrent Protection
67N Directional Earth Fault Protection
74 Alarm Relay
79 Reclosing
Device Number Acronym
81 Frequency Protection
86 Lockout Relay
87B Busbar Differential Protection
87L Line Differential Protection
87T Transformer Differential Protection
94 Trip Relay
1.8 Licence and Code Obligations

1.8.1 Scope
MZEC is obliged to comply with the requirements of a number of legal and regulatory documents.
The following sections provide reference to those clauses that are relevant to network
protection.
1.8.2 Sector Law

The Sector Law, granted by Royal Decree 78/2004 enabled legislation that resulted in the Oman
Electricity and Water Sectors in the country. Article 90 places an obligation on Distribution
Companies to undertake to finance, operate, maintain, develop and expand the Distribution
System in a safe manner and in accordance with the relevant performance Security Standards.
1.8.3 Obligations under the Distribution Licence

The Authority for Electricity Regulation (AER) granted a Distribution and Supply Licence to MZEC
on 1 May 2005. This Licence gives authority to MZEC to undertake a number of regulated
activities as stated within the terms of its Licence (Item Number 04). From a network protection
perspective, these activities include the following:
 4(a) – to Distribute electricity and to finance, develop, own and/or operate and maintain its
Distribution System in order to do so;
 4(b) – to supply electricity to premises.
Specific Licence Conditions relevant to the network protection policy are as follows:
 Licence Condition 3 is titled ‘Compliance with the Grid Code’ and states that MZEC shall
‘become and remain a party to and shall comply with the provisions of the Grid Code.’
 Licence Condition 4 is titled ‘Implementation of and Compliance with the Distribution Code’
and states that MZEC is required to ‘become and remain a party to and shall comply with the
provisions of the Distribution Code; to co-operate with other Licensed System operators in the
maintenance & development of the Distribution Code.’
 Licence Condition 7 is titled ‘Health & Safety” and states that “The Licensee shall be under a
duty, in carrying out the Licensed Activities, to give due consideration to the health and
safety of the general public and to Persons employed by the Licensee, in all circumstances.”
 Licence Condition 31 (4b) states that the Licensee shall ‘operate and maintain a safe, efficient
and economic Distribution System in accordance with the Security Standards prepared
pursuant to paragraph 1…’
1.8.4 Requirements of the Distribution Code

As stated in section 1.8.3, MZEC is required to become and remain a party to and comply with
provisions within the Distribution Code. The Distribution Code covers all material technical
aspects relating to connections to and the operation and use of the Distribution System. The
Code is structured into a number of specific sections.
The relevant requirements of the Distribution Code are as follows:
 Distribution Connections Code Section 4 states that ‘Licensed Distributors shall ensure that
the Distribution system complies with the following technical, design and operational criteria
in relation to the part of the distribution System at the connection site’
(The section of the Code details the connection requirements, specifically relating to Voltage
Regulation; Frequency Deviations; Voltage waveform quality; Voltage fluctuations; and
Protection.)
 Distribution Connection Condition Section 5.1.4 states that the distribution system “shall
incorporate protective systems to ensure that apparatus and plant with electrical faults are
disconnected from the system promptly..... ”.
 Distribution Connection Condition Section 7.3 states that the ‘Distribution System User
arrangements for Protection at the ownership boundary, including types of apparatus and
Plant and Protection settings, must be compatible with standard practices on the Distribution
System, as specified by the Licensed Distributor during the process of application for
Connection’.
1.8.5 Requirements of the Grid Code

 As stated in section 1.8.3, MZEC is required to ‘become and remain a party to and shall
comply with the provisions of the Grid Code.’
The relevant requirements of the Grid Code are as follows:
 Grid Connection Code CC6.2.3 (relating to connections from the Transmission system to
MZEC distribution System) specifies the protection arrangements that must be complied
with. CC6.2.3.1 is titled ‘Protection Arrangements’ and states that ‘Protection of Distribution
Systems of Licensed Distributors and Directly Connected Consumers must meet the minimum
requirements referred to below’.
This section of the Grid Code is non-specific for protection requirements at 33kV and 11kV.
Grid Operation Code (OC5) (relating to Notice of Operations and incidents, and Significant
Incident Reporting) requires the Transmission Company and MZEC to issue notices of all
Operations and Incidents on their respective Systems that have or may have implications for the
Transmission System or a User’s System.
1.9 Responsibilities for Policy Implementation and Maintenance

The main responsibilities associated with the implementation and monitoring of the stated policy
are summarised in Table 2:
Table 2 – Summary of Responsibilities for Implementation & Monitoring

Designation Role
The person who is responsible for the implementation of this

Head of Protection policy and for ensuring that Protection related staff are aware of
and are working in accordance with this policy statement.
The manager who is responsible for:
 ensuring that this policy statement is reviewed every three

Technical Services years, or at an earlier interval should it be deemed
Manager appropriate due to identified limitations in network
performance or protection technology advancements, and
 Documenting any changes following review.
2. PROTECTION APPLICATION POLICY

2.1 Introduction
Increasing in power flow due to increase in demand and uses of more electronic devices
in industries as well as domestic, continuity and power quality of supply became essential for
power Distribution Company.
Protection systems are only one of the several factors governing power system performance
under specific operating conditions and fault conditions. Accordingly, the design of such
protection systems must be clearly coordinated with the system design and operation.
Advance in technology, such as microprocessor and fiber optic, will continue to produce relay,
system and scheme more capabilities. As these new devices became available and are
applied in the philosophy and design guide line.
This document describes the best practices for the protection scheme considering security
of supply and safety of persons and equipments. The focus is on the protection application for
equipment.
This Protection Application Policy section defines the functional requirements for the
protection of primary components within the 33kV and 11kV distribution network in the
Mazoon Electricity Company (MZEC) licence area.
The protection schemes are designed to provide effective discriminative clearance of network
faults in such a way as to minimise risks to the public and to associated network components,
maintain network stability and result in the least possible network disruption in the event of a
network fault. All protection equipment shall be designed, installed and commissioned in
accordance with reference conditions stated in the Protection Technical Specifications in
section 5.
All relays shall have settings applied in accordance with the Protection Settings Policy and by
agreement with the Head of Protection.
Operation outside of these reference conditions may result in damage to primary and
secondary equipment that could result in prolonged unplanned outages.
All 33kV circuits and equipment will be provided with main and backup protection schemes,
suitable for the detection and clearance of phase and earth faults with the following
characteristics:
- The main protection will be a fast acting unit protection scheme (or a plain distance
protection scheme for overhead line circuits).
- The backup protection will be a time graded Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)
protection scheme.
All outgoing 11kV circuits will be provided with the following:
- A main protection consisting of time graded IDMT protection relays suitable for the
detection and clearance of phase and earth faults. This shall include protection facilities
for the detection and clearance of high impedance or broken conductor earth faults in
areas of high ground resistivity.
- A backup protection consisting of time graded IDMT protection relays suitable for the
detection and clearance of phase and earth faults. This backup protection may be located
on another circuit (e.g. backup for 11kV outgoing feeder protection can be provided by
protection installed on the 11kV transformer incomer), and as a result its operation may
result in the loss of more circuits than operation of the main protection.
The protection of 11kV pole mounted transformers and capacitors will be provided by suitably
rated fuses.
Additional equipment specific protection schemes will be provided for other major items of
equipment, including transformers, reactors and capacitors.
Plant located within a substation that are rarely subjected to non-permanent faults (including
transformers, busbars and capacitors) can only have their protection schemes be reset on site
following tripping due to protection operation. The affected plant should be examined to
determine the source of the fault before returning to service.
To ensure efficient restoration of supply following a transient (i.e. non-permanent) fault, delayed
auto-reclose (ARC) facilities will be provided at the substation feeder circuit breaker on all
overhead line circuits, and will be initiated by the main protection for single phase to earth or
phase to phase faults only. Pole mounted reclosers will be provided at critical points on the
overhead line networks.
2.2 33kV Network Protection

33kV circuits are protected with main and backup protection relays, provided in separate
protection relays supplied by different CT and VT cores.
The main protection functions are as follows:
2.2.1 Main Protection Schemes

1. Unit Protection Schemes
(a) Buszone Protection

(i) High impedance current operated buszone protection schemes, employing
both main and check zone, are applied on all 33 kV busbars at grid substations,
and all 33kV busbars enclosed within indoor switchboards. Separate main and
check zones are provided for each busbar section. Separate CT supervision
relays are to be provided on all high impedance buszone schemes.
(ii) A low impedance buszone protection scheme may be used as retrofit to

existing 33kV substations where the existing CT arrangements are not suitable
for the implementation of a high impedance buszone protection scheme.
(b) Transformer Differential Protection

Overall 33/11kV transformer unit protection is provided by a transformer biased
differential scheme.
(c) Restricted Earth Fault Protection

Unit protection is provided for the transformer 11kV winding with high impedance
current operated Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection scheme.
(d) Line Differential Protection

(i) 33kV cable circuit main protection is provided by line differential relays. The
end to end protection signalling on 33kV cable circuits is provided by means of
direct fibre optic links.
(ii) Line differential protection may be provided on short 33kV overhead line
circuits where distance protection (set in accordance with MZEC Protection
Setting Policy outlined in section 3 of this document) will not provide adequate
protection of the circuit.
2. Distance Protection Schemes
Plain distance protection schemes are used to provide Main Protection for 33kV overhead line
circuits, and for composite primary circuits employing underground section(s) within overhead
line circuits more than 20%.Distance protection schemes are required to provide extended
resistive reach.
2.2.2 Backup Protection Schemes

(a) IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection functionality is provided on all outgoing
33k cable and overhead line circuits.
(b) IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection functionality is provided on all 33 kV bus-
section circuit breakers.
(c) Directional overcurrent and earth fault protection functionality is provided at the
receiving end of 33kV circuits
(d) IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection functionality (with instantaneous
elements) is provided on the 33kV side of 33/11kV transformer circuits. The
instantaneous elements are set to respond to 33kV faults only.
(e) Inbuilt distance function of line differential relay is used as a back up to main
protection in case of communication failure.
2.2.3 Additional Protection Functions

1. Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) protection is provided within backup protection on all 33kV
overhead line circuits. The current input to SEF protection relays is provided via CBCT. Operation
of this protection shall not initiate autoreclose.
2. Open Circuit Protection
Fallen or broken line conductor can result in a high impedance fault and it may be potentially
hazard if not detected and not isolated. Similarly dejumpering is also frequent occurrence in over
head line in distribution system. Most of time it make high resistive arcing fault (arc with cross
arm or pole). This is also potentially hazard if left undetected and not isolated. There may be
possibility of Ferro resonance in the system and undue high voltage.
Due to low fault current normal earth fault relay cannot detect such fault. A special logic requires
to be developing with in relay. Such logic is possible in numerical relay. The auto recloser function
should be blocked during autocloser function.
3. Overvoltage & Undervoltage Protection
Definite time delayed over-voltage and under-voltage protection functionality is to be applied on

33kV grid substations for the purpose of capacitor protection. The over/under voltage protection
is set to trip the capacitor circuit breakers if the substation voltage deviates beyond a set
bandwidth for a set time. The voltage protection is additional to that applied for the purpose of
capacitor bank control, and is a backup to mitigate against failure of the capacitor bank control
functionality. This functionality is provided in the capacitor bank control panel.
4. Capacitor Out Of Balance Protection
Definite time capacitor out of balance protection is provided on the connection between
capacitor neutral star points. A capacitor out of balance alarm shall be provided to allow for the
replacement of any failed capacitor elements prior to the (higher) trip setting.
5. Neutral Voltage Displacement Protection
The 33kV busbars at 33/11kV primary substations are normally operated with the 33kV bus-
section circuit breaker open. This mode of operation provides a risk of undetected earth faults
on the 33kV circuits back-fed via the 33kV delta winding of the primary 33/11kV transformers if
the associated 11kV circuit breakers are closed. Neutral Voltage Displacement (NVD) protection
is installed at the 33kV busbar of all indoor 33/11kV primary substations to mitigate against this
risk.
6. Auto-reclose:
(a) Single shot ARC facilities are applied on all 33kv outgoing circuit with more than 20%
overhead line circuits. The default “dead time” setting is 180 seconds. This setting is
adopted to cater for the predominance of domestic air conditioning loads.
(b) ARC is initiated for all phase(s) to earth and phase to phase fault with zone one faults
by main protection schemes installed on outgoing circuits consisting of more than 20%
overhead line only.
(c) Pole mounted reclosers equipped with integral IDMT overcurrent and earth fault
functions may also be used at outdoor primary substations and at critical points on the
33kV network to provide enhanced sectionalising of the rural network during fault
conditions. The autoreclose sequencing is applied to coordinate with the delayed
autoreclose dead time on the associated primary 33kV circuit breaker.
(d) Autorecloser should be blocked for the SEF, three phase fault and broken conductor.
7. Transformer Protection:
(a) The following mechanical protections are provided on transformers of capacity

greater than or equal to 3MVA:
o Buchholz gas and surge alarm and trip functions,
o Winding temperature alarm and trip functions (applicable for 10 & 20 MAV
Transformer)
o Oil temperature alarm and trip functions.
o Pressure relief device to protect the transformer against excessive oil pressure.
o OLTC Surge relay (applicable for 10 & 20 MAV Transformer)
o Low oil alarm
(b) Transformers of capacity of 3MVA and 6MVA can be protected solely by H.R.C fuses or
IDMT Overcurrent and earth fault function on 33kV side, assuming all other protection
sensitivity and coordination requirements are satisfied. If not the option of using CB
instead of H.R.C fuses should be applied.
(c) AVR functionality is provided on all transformers that are fitted with OLTC’s, generally
transformers of rating 10MVA and larger at primary substations. The voltage supply
to the AVR is supplied from a three phase VT on the transformer 11kV incomer. The
AVR automatically initiates the transformer on load tap changer on measurement of
voltage outside of a prescribed bandwidth measured at the 11kV busbar, with the
objective being to return the 11kV busbar voltage to a value within this bandwidth
following tap changer action.
8. Under frequency Protection
Under frequency protection relays are installed on 33kV capacitor bank control panel
at grid substations. Each 33kV outgoing feeder is then selected to an under frequency
tripping stage, which is determined by MZEC Control Centre.
2.3 11kV Network Protection

The following philosophy is applied for 11kV protection:
(a) IDMT (non-directional) overcurrent and earth fault protection functionality is applied
as a main protection at primary substations on:
o 11kV transformer incomer circuits
o 11kV outgoing feeder circuits
o 11kV bus-section circuit breakers
o 11kV capacitor bank circuits
(b) Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) protection is provided on all 11kV overhead line circuits.
The current input to SEF protection relays is provided via CBCT. Operation of this
protection shall not initiate autoreclose.
(c) The probability of faults resulting in open circuit conditions is recognised as

particularly relevant in the Gulf region. Protection that is capable of detecting open
circuit faults should be provided on all 11kV overhead line circuits. Operation of this
protection is not set to initiate autoreclose.
(d) ARC facilities are applied on all 11kV outgoing circuits comprised of more than 20%
overhead line, and shall be initiated for single phase to earth or phase to phase faults
only. The default “dead time” is set at 180 seconds. This setting is adopted to cater
for the predominance of domestic air conditioning loads.
(e) Definite time capacitor out of balance protection is provided on the connection
between capacitor neutral star points. A capacitor out of balance alarm shall be
provided to allow for the replacement of any failed capacitor elements prior to the
(higher) trip setting.
(f) Definite time delayed over-voltage and under-voltage protection functionality is to be

applied on the capacitor bank for the purpose of capacitor protection. The
over/under voltage protection is set to trip the capacitor circuit breakers if the
substation voltage deviates beyond a set bandwidth for a set time. The voltage
protection is additional to that applied for the purpose of capacitor bank control, and
is a backup to mitigate against failure of the capacitor bank control functionality. This
functionality is provided in the capacitor bank control panel.
(g) In addition to the non-directional overcurrent and earth fault protection, Directional
Overcurrent (DOC) protection, Directional Earth Fault (DEF) protection and Standby
Earth Fault (SBEF) protection is applied on the 11kV incomer transformer circuit
breaker.
(h) Pole mounted reclosers are used at outdoor primary substations and at critical points
on the rural 11kV network to provide enhanced sectionalising of the rural network
during fault conditions. The reclosers are equipped with IDMT protection
functionality. The autoreclose sequencing is applied to coordinate with the delayed
autoreclose on the associated 11kV circuit breaker at the primary substation.
2.4 Customer Connections

Customers requiring connection to the MZEC network at 33kV or 11kV must comply with the
protection requirements outlined in this policy.
Those customer installations containing either permanent or temporary generation shall include
synchronising and check synchronising facilities within the customer’s facility.
Those outgoing feeders providing supply to customers with either permanent or temporary
generation installed in their facility shall be fitted with check synchronising facilities (and
appropriate line side 3 phase VT’s) to prevent out of synchronism closing by MZEC. The following
functionality will be implemented.
 Dead line, dead bus

 Dead line, live bus
 Live line, live bus
The information that must be provided by customers for approval by MZEC prior to connection is
provided in APPENDIX D.
2.5 Current Transformers

Current Transformers shall comply with the requirements of International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60044: Instrument Transformers.
2.5.1 Protective CT’s

(a) Suitably specified PX class CT’s shall be provided for all unit and distance protections. The
specifications of PX class CT’s shall be determined in accordance with the relay
manufacturer’s recommendations, and suitable for the application on MZEC’s network.
(b) Suitably specified P class CT’s shall be provided for overcurrent and earth fault
protections.
(c) Metering equipment may be supplied from CT’s supplying protection equipment only if
they are connected via interposing CT’s.
2.5.2 Metering CT’s

All devices requiring measurement of currents for metering purposes shall have accuracy as
specified in Appendix A of the Grid Code. As per Table A-2 of the Grid Code, the metering CT
accuracy is dependent on the MVA capacity of the connection, namely:
Connection size (MVA) Metering CT accuracy class
Greater than 20 but less than or equal to 100 0.2S
Greater than 1 but less than or equal to 20 0.5
Less than 1 0.5
An accuracy of measuring CT’s is defined in IEC 60044-1 for a burden of between 25 and 100% of
rated burden. All CT’s utilised for metering applications shall adhere to this range to preserve the
accuracy of metering.
2.6 Voltage Transformers

Voltage Transformers shall comply with the requirements of International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60044: Instrument Transformers
2.6.1 Protective VT’s

All protection devices requiring measurement of voltages for protection purposes shall be
supplied via a VT core of class 3P.
VT’s used shall have an earthed primary winding to allow accurate measurement of phase to
earth voltages.
2.6.2 Metering VT’s

All devices requiring measurement of voltages for metering purposes shall have accuracy as
specified in Appendix A of the Grid Code. As per Table A-2 of the Grid Code, the metering VT
accuracy is dependent on the MVA capacity of the connection, namely:
Connection size (MVA) Metering VT accuracy class
Greater than 20 but less than or equal to 100 0.5
Greater than 1 but less than or equal to 20 1
Less than 1 1
A measuring VT shall not be used for protection because of its unspecified errors at low and high
voltages, except that dual accuracy VT’s may be used if the stipulated requirements of both
functions are fully met.
2.7 Automatic Load shedding

The following automatic load shedding schemes shall be applied.
2.7.1 Under-frequency Protection

Six-stage under-frequency protection relays are provided at all grid substations.
The under-frequency scheme enables each outgoing 33kV feeder to be selected to any stage of
the under-frequency load shedding scheme. The stages and settings are recommended by the
Mazoon Control Centre in consultation with OETC.
2.7.2 Cross-Tripping Scheme

The Transmission Security of Supply Standards (TSS) lead to 33kV grid and primary substations in
Demand Class C & D ( > 6 MW) being planned and implemented with N-1 security criteria. In
circumstances where the security standards are not maintained (e.g. in areas where high or un-
forecast demand growth is experienced) an automatic local load shedding scheme is adopted.
The cross-tripping scheme may be applied at the OETC 132/33kV substations or at the MZEC
33/11kV primary substations.
At grid substations the cross tripping scheme is provided by OETC, in the form of a contact (from
the cross tripping scheme) to be wired into the outgoing 33kV feeder trip relay (86).
At primary substations the cross-tripping scheme is provided by MZEC.
The cross tripping scheme as applied at the 33/11kV primary substations is shown in APPENDIX C.
2.8 Network Fault Levels

The maximum and minimum three phases and single phase fault levels are established in the
power system software models.
The protection systems and component equipment will be designed in accordance with the
maximum fault level for 11kV and 33kV Switchgear as per OES 14 and OES 15.
The protection relay settings shall be established to ensure correct protection operation at the
prospective fault levels. Appropriate relay settings will be applied to ensure reliable and effective
operation under both maximum and minimum fault level conditions.
2.9 Fault Clearance Times

The protection schemes will be designed, and appropriate settings applied, to ensure that fault
clearance times are within the short time thermal withstand limits of all major network
components.
Reference Standards
Protection equipment will comply with the requirements of International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) standards:
- IEC 60255: Measuring Relays and Protective Equipment.
- IEC 60044: Instrument Transformers.
- IEC 60068: Environmental Requirements.
Protection schemes and equipment shall generally comply with the requirements of the Oman
Electricity Standards (OES). The following associated documents apply:
- OES 11: General Specifications Electrical Equipment & Materials
- OES 12 A: 30 Volt Battery Switch Tripping Unit.
- OES 12 B: 110 Volt Battery Switch Tripping Unit.
- OES 14: 11kV Indoor Switchgear
- OES 15: 33kV Indoor Switchgear.
- OES 20: 33kV and 11kV Auto Reclosers
- OES 24: 33/11KV Indoor Substation (Typical)
- OES 27 Volume 1: 132/33kV S/S 2x125MVA, with GIS 132kV switchgear
- OES 27 Volume 2: 132/33kV S/S 2x63MVA, with 132 kV outdoor SF6 switchgear
- OES 30: 3MVA/6MVA 33/11kv outdoor s/s
- OES 34: 33kV Outdoor Breakers.
- OES 35: 11kV Outdoor Breaker for 3 MVA / 6 MVA Outdoor Substation.
- OES 36: 33KV Outdoor Current and Voltage Transformer
3. PROTECTION SETTING POLICY
3.1 Introduction
This Protection Relay Setting Policy defines the general guidelines to be followed when
determining the settings of various protections.
These guidelines shall be treated as a reference only and they do not relieve the
contractor/consultant of the responsibility of determining required settings to provide adequate
protection to the equipment.
The calculation approval from the Technical Service Department shall be obtained before
commissioned of new equipment or revision of existing settings.
3.2 Calculation Documentation

Protection settings shall be recorded on schedules which are submitted for approval and shall be
accompanied with supporting calculations. The contents of the schedules shall be at least
including relay complete model number or part number or MLFB number, feeder details,
schemes etc.
The protection grading curves shall be shown in different colours for overcurrent and earth fault
from downstream to upstream including the 33kV at grid substation.
Furthermore, the calculation shall demonstrate compliance with CT requirements, especially for
distance and differential.
The required information to be submitted is mentioned in Appendix H.
3.3 Unit Protection Schemes

High speed line differential protection is provided in four different applications as outlined in
section 2.2.1.1.
The settings on all unit protection relays are to be supported by calculations which demonstrate
that the relay will operate correctly for an in-zone fault and remain stable for an out of zone fault.
Regardless of the application, settings calculations shall be supported by calculations

demonstrating that the CT’s forming the unit protection is suitable for the application.
3.3.1 Bus Zone Protection

The high speed main protection system for 33kV busbars at grid substations and 33kV busbars
enclosed within indoor switchboards will be provided by a buszone unit protection.
(a) High impedance current operated buszone protection relays – set pickup (with resistor and
metrosil combinations) such that it will:
(i) Be above the maximum spill current that occurs under maximum through fault conditions.
The busbar current rating should be used as the value for these calculations. As all CT’s
forming the buszone protection are PX class, the maximum CT turns ratio error will be
±0.25% (as per IEC 60044). Thus, the worst case scenario is with one CT having a -0.25%
turns ratio error, and the other having a +0.25% turns ratio error, with both bearing the
entire fault current. In this case, the maximum spill current that will flow into the relay is
0.5% of the maximum through fault current. To provide additional margin, the current
setting must be at least 1.3 times this value.
(ii) Detect at least ½ minimum fault levels at the 33kV busbar. This must take into account the
sum of currents flowing through the buszone relay, resistor, metrosil, CT supervision relay
and sum of CT magnetising currents.
(b) A low impedance buszone protection scheme – set pickup and biasing elements such that the
scheme will:
(i) Not operate for maximum through fault conditions. The busbar current rating should be
used as the value for these calculations.
(ii) Detect at least ½ minimum fault level at the 33kV busbar
3.3.2 Line Differential Protection
33kV circuit main protection may be provided by line differential relays – set pickup and biasing
elements such that the scheme will:
(a) Not operate for maximum through fault conditions
(b) Detect at least ½ minimum fault levels at the remote end of the circuit (i.e. at the receiving
end with the receiving end circuit breaker open).
3.3.3 Transformer Differential Protection

(a) 33/11kV transformer biased differential protection must be set in accordance with the
recommendations of the transformer differential relay manufacturer to ensure stability for
both through faults and the full range of load currents over the complete transformer tap
range. The transformer differential scheme must detect the ½ minimum fault level for phase
and earth faults on the 11kV bushings of the transformer.
(b) An unbiased differential element shall be set to provide fast clearance for faults on the 33kV
bushings and windings. To ensure that this element will remain stable for through faults, set
to 1.3 times the current value experienced for a fault on the 11kV busbar supplied via a 33kV
busbar.
This approach will ensure stability for an out of zone fault considering complete 11kV CT
saturation (admittedly a very unlikely scenario). Adopting this philosophy should still ensure
that all 33kV bushing faults are cleared quickly by the unbiased differential element.
3.3.4 Restricted Earth Fault Protection

The pickup of the 11kV high impedance current operated Restricted Earth Fault protection must
be set (with resistor and metrosil combinations) such that it will:
(a) Be above the maximum spill current that occurs under maximum through fault conditions.
The maximum earth fault current that the transformer can supply should be used as the value
for these calculations. As all CT’s forming the high impedance restricted earth fault protection
are PX class, the maximum CT turns ratio error will be ±0.25% (as per IEC 60044). Thus, the
worst case scenario is with one CT having a -0.25% turns ratio error, and the other having a
+0.25% turns ratio error, with both bearing the entire fault current. In this case, the maximum
spill current that will flow into the relay is 0.5% of the maximum through fault current. To
provide additional margin, the current setting must be at least 1.3 times this value.
(b) Detect at least ½ minimum fault levels at the 11kV bushings of the transformer. This must
take into account the sum of currents flowing through the relay, resistor, metrosil and sum of
CT magnetising currents.
3.4 Distance Protection
As outlined in section 2.2.1.2, distance protection is set up in a plain distance scheme on 33kV
outgoing overhead line circuits.
The settings on all distance protection relays are to be supported by impedance calculations that
demonstrate alignment of distance setting selection with this policy. The impedance settings are
to be applied to the power system and protection software models to demonstrate the correct
coordination (impedance time curves) with time graded backup relays.
The settings calculations will be supported by calculations demonstrating that the CT’s and VT’s
that will be connected to the distance relay are suitable for the application.
Table 3 outlines the setting requirements for 33kV outgoing feeders with plain distance
protection.
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Table 3 - 33kV Distance Protection Settings

Protection function 33kV Outgoing Circuit Settings
Zone Characteristics PH-PH distance (QUAD), PH-EARTH(QUAD)
Zone 1 function Required to detect both phase and earth faults on the main 33kV
OHL circuit, without overlapping any other high speed protection
zones provided by 33/11kV transformer differential or 33kV
busbar protection at primary substations.
Zone 1 direction Forward
Zone 1 reach Set to 85% of the total feeder impedance.
Zone 1 resistive reach (a) Greater than arc resistance
(b) No more than 80% of zone 2 resistive reach setting
Zone 1 time delay 0 seconds
OHL circuit and to provide some back-up to the unit protection
schemes at the remote line end. To achieve this, zone 2 will
overlap high speed protection zones provided by 33kV buszone
(if any) and 33/11kV transformer differential protection at
primary substations. Zone 2 timers should be selected such that
this protection coordinates with the downstream protections
that it overlaps. The zone 2 element will also provide protection
for 33kV busbar faults at primary substations. The zone 2
element will also provide protection for 33kV busbar faults at all
primary substations covered. And to cover all 33kV buses for
multi tapped feeder
Zone 2 reach Set reach to:
(a) 120% of the total feeder impedance.
(b) No more than 85% of the sum of the total feeder impedance
plus 85% of the impedance presented by two downstream
33/11kV transformers in parallel.
In the (however unlikely) event of a conflict in these constraints,

condition (b) applies.
Zone 2 resistive reach Set to:
(a) Greater than arc resistance
(b) No more than 80% of zone 3 resistive reach setting
Zone 2 time delay (a) 400ms if all other 33kV circuits at the downstream primary
substation are protected by high speed protection (i.e. busbar
protection, transformer differential).
(b) 800ms if any of the 33kV circuits at the downstream primary

substation have a main protection that is time delayed
overcurrent and earth fault protection.
OHL circuit, and provide backup to all downstream 33/11kV
primary substations. To achieve this, zone 3 will overlap a
number of time delayed protection zones, and as such, the Zone
3 timer shall be selected such that this protection coordinates
with the downstream protection with which it overlaps.
Zone 3 reach Set reach to no less than 150% of the sum of the total feeder
impedance plus the largest downstream 33/11kV transformer and
the resulting largest impedance path (OHL+ single transformer)
for multi taped feeder’
If the zone 3 reach could result in tripping under load conditions,

load encroachment must be set.
Zone 3 resistive reach Set to:
(a) Greater than arc resistance
(b) No more than 80% of the maximum load impedance
Zone 3 time delay 1.2 seconds.
This should provide adequate coordination with 11kV

overcurrent and earth fault protections (though should be
verified).
Zone 4 function Will provide some backup for protections on adjacent circuits,
though must not overreach the end of these circuits.
Zone 4 direction Reverse
Zone 4 reach Set reach to lower of:
(a) 10% of theZ1 impedance
(b)
Zone 4 resistive reach SET SAME AS Z3 RESISTIVE REACH
Zone 4 time delay. 800ms
Single shot delayed auto-reclose shall be initiated only by the zone 1 distance element for all
phase(s) to earth and phase to phase faults with a dead time of 180 seconds and reclaim time of 60
seconds.
On request from MZEC Planning Department, a three phase under voltage protection element
shall also be provided in the distance relay. Tripping shall only be provided for a three phase
under voltage condition only, with a time delay that co-ordinates with all downstream IDMT
protection devices (that could be subjected to a three phase 11kV fault, which would be seen as
an under voltage condition at the grid substation).
A check synchronising element shall also be provided for customer connections with (either
temporary or permanent) generation installed. The check synchronising element shall measure
two voltages in respect of phase angle, slip frequency, and voltage magnitude to safeguard
against the interconnection of two unsynchronised systems. The synchronising circuit shall be
established only when system conditions are within the preset limits.
3.5 Time Delayed Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection

Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) or Definite Time (DT) protection relays are to be applied
to provide:
 backup protection on 33kV circuits, and
 Main and backup protection on 11kV circuits.
In order to achieve discrimination between IDMT (and DT) relays, suitable grading margins must
be maintained between time graded relays.
Minimum grading margins between relays vary slightly depending on the relay technology
installed; older electro-mechanical type relays require a larger grading margin than modern
numerical relays. The grading margins to be applied to the MZEC area network shall be:
 400ms when grading between electromechanical relays, and
 300ms when grading between microprocessor based relays.
These grading margins are calculated according to the equation1:
2𝐸𝑅 + 𝐸𝐶𝑇
𝑡′ = [ ] 𝑡 + 𝑡𝐶𝐵 + 𝑡𝑂 + 𝑡𝑆
100
Where:
t’ Operating time of relay furthest from fault (seconds)

ER Relay timing error
ECT Allowance for CT ratio error (%)
T Operating time of relay nearer to fault (seconds)
tCB CB interrupting time (seconds)
tO Relay overshoot time (seconds)
tS Safety margin (seconds)
When grading an upstream relay with a downstream fuse, the following equation is to be
adopted2:
𝑡 ′ = 1.4𝑡 + 0.15
Where:
t’ Operating time of relay furthest from fault (seconds)

t Pre-arcing operating time of fuse nearer to fault (seconds)
1 Equation taken from Alstom ‘Network Protection & Automation Guide (NPAG)’
2 Equation taken from Alstom ‘Network Protection & Automation Guide (NPAG)’
When grading an upstream fuse with a downstream relay, the following equation is to be
adopted3:
𝑡 ′ = 2𝑡 + 0.33
Where:
t’ Pre-arcing operating time of fuse furthest from fault (seconds)

t Operating time of relay closest to fault (seconds)
By virtue of the nature of their characteristics, coordination for the full range of fault levels will
not be achievable between earth fault protection and fuses. Coordination is required for the
range of bolted fault levels from minimum to maximum calculated fault level. The implication of
this is that discrimination may be lost for earth faults of magnitude of less than the minimum
fault level (e.g. earth faults containing some fault impedance).
All time graded protection relay settings are to be confirmed and validated using the power
system and protection software models.
All time graded relay settings are to be supported by grading curves generated from the
protection software models.
 Meet the sensitivity requirements in this protection setting policy,
 Have a suitable grading margin with all downstream protection devices, and
 Operate fast enough to maintain power system stability and ensure that plant thermal
ratings are not exceeded.
Where the recommended grading margins cannot be achieved due to the network configuration
and conditions, tighter grading margins may be used if the actual times are substituted into the
previous equation with supporting calculations provided.
The settings outlined in tables below are to be applied to the relevant IDMT protection relays.
The grading margins outlined above for both upstream and downstream protection devices must
be confirmed by protection grading studies using the power system and protection software
models with supporting grading curves approved by MZEC Protection Section before the settings
are applied to the network.
All IDMT and instantaneous protection elements are to have instantaneous reset characteristics.
3 Equation taken from Areva ‘Analysis of Protection of Power Systems Course Notes’
Table 4 provides the requirements that IDMT and DT protection on MZEC 33kV and 11kV network
shall meet. Indicative settings that generally meet the requirements of this section for standard
MZEC installations are provided in APPENDIX E.
Table 4 – IDMT and DT Protection Settings Requirements

Protection Function Setting
33kV Outgoing Pickup (a) Above maximum expected load current on the
Feeder 33kV feeder.
Overcurrent
Protection (b) Above pickup of all downstream overcurrent
protections.
(c) Below ½ minimum phase to phase fault level at

the primary 33kV busbar.
TMS (a) Coordinates with all downstream overcurrent

protections for the full range of fault levels (from
minimum to maximum).
(b) Provides adequate margins with equipment

thermal withstand characteristics.
(c) Coordinate with phase –phase fault reflected from

phase to earth fault in 11kV busbar.
33kV Outgoing Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current on

Feeder Earth the 33kV feeder.
Fault Protection
(b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
protections.
(c) Below ½ minimum earth fault level at the primary

33kV busbar.
TMS (a) Coordinates with all downstream earth fault

protections for the full range of earth fault levels
(from minimum to maximum).

Directional 33kV Pickup 80A.

Feeder
Overcurrent TMS 0.05
Protection M.T.A 45 Degree

(installed on 33kV
incomer at Direction Forward (i.e. toward feeder circuit)
primary
substation)
Directional 33kV Pickup 40A

Feeder Earth
Fault Protection TMS 0.05
(installed on 33kV
incomer at M.T.A. 0 degree
primary
substation) Direction Forward (i.e. toward feeder circuit)
33kV Bus Section Pickup Above pickup of all downstream overcurrent

Overcurrent protections.
Protection
TMS Coordinates with all downstream overcurrent
33kV Bus Section Pickup Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
Earth Fault protections.
Protection
TMS Coordinates with all downstream earth fault
33kV Capacitor Pickup 1.3 times capacitor circuit rating

Overcurrent
Protection TMS 0.1
Instantaneous If the capacitor consists of N capacitor banks that will

Pickup be individually switched into service, then set to:
(N-1) x rating of one capacitor bank +
6x rating of one capacitor bank
= (N+5) x rating of one capacitor bank
33kV Capacitor Pickup 20A (primary)

Earth Fault
Protection TMS 0.1
33kv Capacitor Pick up OV=110% of rated voltage, UV=80% of rated voltage.

Over voltage &
under voltage
protection Time OV=5s , UV= 5s
33/11kV Pickup (a) Above maximum expected load current

Transformer 33kV
Overcurrent (b) Above pickup of all downstream overcurrent
Protection protections.
(c) Below ½ minimum fault phase to phase level at

the 11kV busbar.


Instantaneous a) 1.3 times the maximum prospective fault level

Pickup (measured at 33kV) for a three phase fault on the
11kV bushings of the transformer.
The calculation for this is:
1000 × 𝑀𝑉𝐴(𝑍𝑡𝑥)
𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑡 = 1.3 ×
𝑍𝑡𝑥 × √3 × 33
Where:
 Ztx is the impedance of the transformer (in pu)
 MVA(Ztx) is the MVA rating to which the
impedance Ztx applies
b) It should be more than inrush current.
33/11kV Pickup 20A (The relay should have harmonic blocking to

Transformer 33kV avoid tripping for inrush current)
Earth Fault
Protection TMS 0.05
33/11kV Pickup 200A (primary)

Transformer 11kV
Directional TMS Coordinate with 33kv DOC
Overcurrent M.T.A. 45 Degree

Protection
Direction Forward (i.e. toward transformer)
33/11kV Pickup 80A (primary).

Transformer 11kV
Directional Earth TMS 0.05
Fault Protection
Direction Forward (i.e. toward transformer)
M.T.A. -45 Degree
33/11kV Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current

Transformer 11kV
Standby Earth (b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
Fault Protection protections.
(c) Below ½ minimum fault phase to earth level at the

furthest first downstream 11kV recloser.

(from minimum to maximum), except 11kV bus
section protection.

33kV Recloser Pickup (a) At least 120% of maximum expected load current
Overcurrent
protections.

the furthest second downstream 33kV protective
device.
TMS (a) Coordinate with all downstream overcurrent


33kV Recloser Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current

Earth Fault
Protection (b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
protections.
(c) Below ½ minimum earth fault level at the furthest

second downstream 33kV protective device.
TMS (a) Coordinate with all downstream earth fault


thermal withstand characteristics. This must
consider the cumulative effects of autoreclosing.
33/11kV Pickup (a) Above maximum 11kV transformer full load

Transformer current
11kV(incomer)

the furthest first downstream 11kV recloser.

(b) Ensures clearance of faults before infringement of

equipment thermal characteristics.
33/11kV Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current

Transformer
11kV(in comer) (b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
Protection
(c) Below ½ minimum fault phase to earth level at the
furthest first downstream 11kV recloser.


11kV Bus Coupler Pickup (a) Above maximum continuous rating of connected
Overcurrent 33/11kV transformer.
Protection
(b) Above pickup of all downstream overcurrent
protections.
TMS Coordinates with all downstream overcurrent

11kV Bus Coupler Pickup Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
Protection
TMS Coordinates with all downstream earth fault
11kV Outgoing Pickup (a) Above maximum expected load current

Feeder

device (or furthest downstream fuse if not 11kV
recloser).


11kV Outgoing Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current

Feeder Earth
Fault Protection (b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
protections.

second downstream 11kV protective device (or
furthest downstream fuse if not 11kV recloser).


11kV Recloser Pickup (a) Above maximum expected load current

Overcurrent
protections.

device.


11kV Recloser Pickup (a) Above maximum expected unbalance current

Earth Fault
Protection (b) Above pickup of all downstream earth fault
protections.

second downstream 11kV protective device.


3.6 Other Time Delayed Protection

3.6.1 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection
The characteristics outlined below are to be applied to Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) elements
installed on either 33kV or 11kV overhead line feeders:
(a) Current Setting = 10A (primary)
(b) Definite Time Delay Setting = 5 seconds
(c) Have a non-instantaneous reset characteristic
It must be noted that 33kV or 11kV loads presenting more than 10A of unbalanced current will
result in a trip of the connected feeder, and as such, operational staff should endeavour to
balance load distribution as much as practically possible.
3.6.2 Open Circuit Protection

The characteristics outlined below are to be applied to open circuit protection elements installed
on either 33kV or 11kV overhead line feeders with I2/I1 or any other principle:
(a) Detect open circuit faults for conditions greater than 10% of maximum circuit load.
(b) Have a Definite Time Delay Setting for 33kv = 10 seconds
(c) Have a Definite Time Delay Setting for 11kv = 5 seconds
(d) Have a non-instantaneous reset characteristic
3.6.3 Neutral Voltage Displacement Protection

Neutral Voltage Displacement (NVD) shall be set to have:
(a) A pickup of at least 50% of the zero sequence voltage measured for an earth fault at the
remote end of the circuit (i.e. at the sending end), when the line is supplied solely through the
33/11kV transformers.
(b) A pickup greater than the resulting zero sequence voltage experienced for a high resistance
fault on an adjacent feeder that would need to be cleared by that feeder’s SEF protection.
(c) A pickup above the maximum expected zero sequence voltage due to unbalanced loads on
the feeder.
(d) a definite time setting of 10 seconds
3.7 Transformer Mechanical Protection

The following transformer mechanical protections have alarm and trip temperature settings:
(a) Winding temperature
(b) Oil temperature
The alarming and trip set points for each of these protections are to be provided by the
transformer manufacturer.
3.8 Transformer Tap Change

The AVR shall initiate a transformer tap change operation if the measured voltage is outside of a
settable bandwidth. The set point (i.e. the midpoint of the bandwidth) applied to the AVR should
be selected to ensure nominal voltages at all points in the network are within acceptable limits.
The bandwidth should be large enough so that a tap change action initiated by the AVR will not
result in an immediate additional tap change action in the reverse direction.
AVR settings are to be provided by Network Planning. The Control Centre is to provide feedback if
suggested settings cause frequent tap changer operation or result in poor customer voltage
profiles.
3.9 Under frequency Protection

Under Frequency Load Shedding Setting and scheme
MZEC Protection Section will set the under frequency protection relay based on set points and
time delay determined by the MZEC Control Centre.
Though this will be determined on a case-by-case basis, to align with Grid Code requirements,
these set points are expected to be between 48.00Hz and 49.90Hz.
The load shedding scheme should be distributed in application and is installed on 33kv capacitor
bank control and relay panel at grid station. Each outgoing 33kv feeder, having stage selection
facility and individual lock out relay.
 Load tripped by load shedding scheme should require manual restoration.( local or
remote )
 The under frequency scheme shall be secure for a failure of potential supply.
 Time delay may be incorporated in to the scheme but must be in accordance with load
dispatch requirement.
 Under frequency relay should have phase to phase measurement.
 Under frequency relay should have 6 stages.
4. PROTECTION OPERATIONAL POLICY
4.1 Introduction
This Protection Operational Policy Document defines the philosophy for the operational
management of protection equipment and data associated with the 33kV and 11kV distribution
network in the Mazoon Electricity Company (MZEC) licence area.
The protection schemes on MZEC distribution network are designed to provide effective
discriminative clearance of network component faults in such a way as to minimise risks to the
public and to associated network components, maintain network stability and result in the least
possible network disruption in the event of a network fault.
To achieve this objective it is necessary for protection systems to be designed, commissioned,

operated and maintained in an appropriate manner that is consistent with good utility practice.
It is further necessary to ensure that comprehensive up to date records of all protection

equipment and relay settings are retained and controlled, and to ensure that protection
functionality and relay settings are re-assessed for suitability following network changes and/or
experience of fault incidents.
All site activities must be conducted in accordance with MZEC safety policies.
4.2 Protection Equipment Records and Data Management

It is vital that comprehensive, up to date records are retained and available. The following
records are required:
- Protection schematic and wiring diagrams;
- Protection relay and setting data;
- Relay type test data;
- Relay and protection scheme commissioning records;
- Relay and protection scheme maintenance and test records; and
- Protection Operational Records with Investigation Reports associated with protection

maloperations.
The philosophy and responsibility for each record type is outlined below:
4.2.1 Protection Schematic and Wiring Diagrams

For each new installation the original set of “as built” protection schematic and wiring diagrams
will be retained by the Projects Department with project records. In addition to this, one set (of
both soft and hard copies) will be provided to the Protection Section and retained on file under
the direction of the Head of Protection. This copy becomes the Master Copy.
For each modified installation one set of the modified “as built” protection schematic and wiring
diagrams will be retained by the Protection Section.
In both cases, one set of “as built” schematic and wiring diagrams will be retained in the
substation.
All site modifications after completion of the original installation must be approved by the Head
of Protection. After site modifications, the Master Copy held by the Protection Section will be
updated and the copies held in the substation will be replaced with the latest approved revision.
4.2.2 Protection Relay and Settings Data

All protection relay and associated CT and VT data will be retained on a Protection Relay
Database under the direction and control of the Head of Protection.
Any changes to cater for load or operational requirements are to be assessed by the Protection
Section and approved by the Head of Protection, with the Protection Relay Database being
updated by the Protection Section.
The adequacy of the setting of all impedance and time current graded protection relays is
demonstrated on the protection software models in conjunction with power system software
models.
The power system software models are established and maintained by the Network Planning
Department with protection data established on the models by the Protection Section.
The Network Planning Department will hold the master copies of the power system software
models. When a network alteration is made the Network Planning Department will update the
Master Copy in respect of circuit configuration and advise the Head of Protection. The Protection
Section will input the relay data. The revised model containing all new network and protection
data will then be held as the controlled master copy.
For the assessment of relay settings and investigation of protection maloperations the Protection
Section should refer to the master model.
The master model should only be altered with the authority of the Head of Planning and the
Head of Protection.
4.2.3 Relay Type Test Data

All protection relays used on the MZEC network shall be type tested in accordance with the
requirements outlined in the Protection Technical Specification (outlined in section 5). The Head
of Protection is required to approve the use of new protection relays on the MZEC network. All
protection relay approvals will be accompanied by relevant type test and experience certification.
The original type test records provided by the Contractor or Relay Manufacturer will be retained
by the Projects Department with project records and one copy will be issued to the Protection
Section and retained on file under the direction of the Head of Protection.
4.2.4 Commissioning Records

All factory acceptance test records for CT’s, VT’s and protection panels, commissioning records
and first energisation load measurement records will be recorded and stored within the Projects
Department and a duplicate set placed with the Protection Section and retained on file under the
direction of the Head of Protection.
4.3 Installation and Commissioning

4.3.1 Inspection and Testing – General Requirements
As per section 16.1 of OES27, the entire plant shall be subject to inspection by MZEC (or a
representative) during manufacture, erection and on completion. The approval of any results of
any such inspection or test shall not prejudice MZEC’s right to reject the plant if it fails to comply
with the specification when erected or to give complete satisfaction in service. The costs of all
tests (including the provision of all test equipment) shall be provided in the price of the plant.
Before any plant is packed or despatched, all tests requested shall be carried out, and certificates
for all tests submitted to MZEC. Adequate notice shall be given to MZEC when the plant is ready
for inspection or test and every facility provided to enable MZEC to carry out necessary
inspections and tests.
4.3.2 Inspection and Testing – During Manufacture
As per section 16.2 of OES27, every facility shall be provided to enable MZEC (or a representative)
to carry out necessary inspection of the equipment. The cost of all tests during manufacture and
preparation of test records shall be included in the total cost.
Test instruments shall be approved by the National Physical Laboratory or other approved bodies.
Breakdown test voltages shall be measured by means of crest or electro-static voltmeters

connected to the high voltage side of the transformer, or by an instrument connected to the low
voltage side of a transformer supplying the test voltage, and calibrated in an approved manner by
means of a sphere gap. Electrical tests other than impulse tests shall be carried out at a frequency
of 50Hz.
4.3.3 Tests at Manufacturer’s Works

As per section 16.3 of OES27, works tests shall include all routine electrical, mechanical and
hydraulic tests in accordance with the relevant standards and other tests requested by MZEC to
ensure that the plant being supplied meets the requirements of MZEC.
One complete item of plant of each type and rating shall be subjected to type tests as specified in
the relevant IEC or BS. In the event of certified copies of type test certificates covering equipment
of similar design rating and construction type tests may be waived. The cost of plant shall include
provision for inclusion of such type tests where suitable certificates are not already held.
Should the plant or any portion thereof fail under test to give the required performance, further
test which are considered necessary shall be carried out.
After satisfactory completion of the witnessed tests at the works, the plant shall be submitted for
approval during dismantling prior to shipping. No plant shall be despatched to site until a release
note is issued by MZEC.
4.3.4 Test Certificates

As per section 16.4 of OES27, triplicate sets of all principal test records, test certificates and
performance curves shall be provided for all tests carried out. The information given on such test
certificates and curves shall be sufficient to identify the material or equipment to which the
certificate refers.
4.3.5 Information to be provided prior to commissioning

As per section 16.15 of OES27, the following activities need to be provided to MZEC for approval
prior to the commencement of commissioning activities:
(a) Commissioning procedures indicating the method of conducting site tests. The details of
the test set-up shall mainly cover the circuit diagram of test set-up wherever applicable
and a table to record results. Each test record shall capture the unique identifiers of the
equipment under test (e.g. serial number and nameplate details).
(b) Checklist outlining CB interlocks (closing and opening) and protection tripping for each
protection system
(c) Detailed calculations supporting the protection relay settings employed on all circuits. The
settings shall be provided in a tabular form, showing the circuit description, type of relay,
available setting range and recommended setting.
(d) Protective relay coordination curves
4.3.6 Protective Relaying Equipment

As per section 16.13 of OES27, the following work tests for protection relays includes as a
minimum:
(a) Routine tests to IEC 60255 and checking of correct operation of all relays as appropriate.
(b) Routine testing of sets of differential current transformers

(c) Type tests of each type of protective scheme simulating service conditions as closely as
possible, to prove sensitivity, stability and operating times.
4.3.7 Tests at Site

As per section 16.6 of OES27, before any plant is commissioned, it shall be subjected to
mechanical, electrical, operational and other tests as required to prove its suitability for use. All
official tests shall be witnessed by MZEC’s approved site engineer. The results of all tests carried
out, including any tests carried out independently shall be recorded in writing and four copies
submitted within 7 calendar days of the test.
The costs associated with all necessary apparatus, instruments, equipment and labour to carry
out the tests shall be included in the contract price.
All materials, plant and equipment which fail to pass tests due to or arising from faulty design,
material or workmanship, or incorrect installation shall be replaced, repaired or adjusted and
further tests carried out.
Hand over certification will only be issued when the individual system has been completed,
energised and after all tests and adjustments have been carried out.
4.3.8 Commissioning of New Installations

All protection schemes are to be designed to comply with the requirements of the MZEC
Technical Standards outlined in section 5.
All protection relays are to be installed and tested in line with the manufacturer’s requirements.
A method statement outlining how testing and commissioning activities will be executed shall be
provided by the Contractor for all projects.
All new protection panels are to be factory tested as complete units prior to shipping and
erection at site. Factory tests will be either be witnessed by or sent to MZEC for approval, and as
a minimum will include:
- Secondary current injection tests;
- functional check-up and logic tests
- Tripping logic tests; and
- Wiring insulation tests.
The factory tests for switchgear will include all typical CT tests, including:
- CT Primary injection tests; and
- CT magnetisation curves.
All new protection panels will be fully commissioned once erected at site. A full commissioning
schedule will be required from the contractor and will include as a minimum:
- Primary injection tests for CT’s and VT’s;
- Secondary injection tests;
- Control circuit (including tripping and closing) tests, functional check up and logic tests;
- CT tests (including insulation, ratio, magnetisation curves, polarity); and
- Stability test.
Following first energisation and at a time when the circuit is taking load, all active current and
voltage measurements will be checked by interrogating the relays. Additional polarity and
directional relay tests should be carried out and confirmed.
4.3.9 Commissioning of Protection Modifications

Any proposed modifications to existing protection schemes and equipment are to be approved by
the Head of Protection.
A method statement outlining how testing and commissioning activities will be executed shall be
provided by the Contractor for all projects.
Following secondary equipment modifications, and prior to re-energisation, the following tests
are to be undertaken:
- Tripping logic tests;
- Wiring insulation tests; and
- Stability test.
Following primary equipment modifications, and prior to re-energisation, the following tests are
to be undertaken:
- Primary injection tests for CT’s and VT’s;
- CT tests (including insulation, ratio, magnetisation curves, polarity);
- Control circuit (including interlocking, tripping and closing) tests, functional check-up and
logic tests; and
- Stability test.
4.4 Protection Relay Settings

The protection relay settings will be in line with the principles stated within:
- Section 3 of this document; and
- Relevant protection relay manuals
For new projects the original setting report will be retained by the Projects Department with
project records. In addition, one copy will be provided to the Protection Section.
If protection relays provided include two or more settings groups, all settings groups shall be
populated with the same settings, so that if settings group inadvertently changed, there is no
potential for protection maloperation.
4.4.1 Unit Protection Relay Settings:

All unit protection relay settings will be accompanied by calculations demonstrating the adequacy
of the CT’s and VT’s for the particular relay application.
For new installations all unit protection relay and associated CT and VT calculations will be
provided on MZEC’s behalf by the Contractor responsible for the project.
4.4.2 Time Graded and Impedance Relay settings.

Time graded (IDMT and DT) and impedance (distance) relay settings are dependent on the
network configuration and have an impact on the wider network.
All time graded and impedance relay settings are to be approved by the Protection Section under
the direction of the Head of Protection.
These settings are assessed for correct operation using the power system and protection
software models established for this purpose.
As indicated in section 3, the important characteristics that these forms of protection need to
meet are:
 Sensitivity
 Selectivity
 Speed
 Reliability
The protection coordination study shall include a diagram that clearly indicates:
 Half of the minimum fault level that each protection must detect.
 The maximum fault level that the relevant protection will be subjected to.
 The grading margin that applies between protective devices.
4.5 Routine Testing

Routine testing is necessary to ensure that a protection scheme continues to provide satisfactory
performance for many years after installation. It is to be carried out in accordance with the high
level testing checklists provided in APPENDIX G.
Although in numerical relays, the in-built self-testing routines can be expected to reveal and
annunciate most faults, but this does not cover any other components that, together, comprise
The protection scheme. Regular inspection and testing of a protection scheme is therefore
required. In practice, the frequency of testing may be limited by lack of staff or by the operating
conditions on the power system.
Routine relay testing should be undertaken every two years and associated with routine circuit
breaker maintenance wherever possible. The purpose of the two years routine will be to
demonstrate correct relay operation and functional tripping through secondary current injection.
4.6 Post Fault Restoration and Investigation

First response for Post Fault Restoration is the responsibility of the Control Centre.
The following guidelines are to be followed for the restoration of the network following a circuit
breaker trip:
- The protection relay indications are to be recorded prior to reset and restoration. Relay
indications are only to be reset once they have been recorded.
- A single attempt at reclosing is acceptable in circumstances where:
o The circuit is an overhead line; and
o Only one circuit breaker has tripped (correctly); and
o The trip has been initiated by distance protection (or IDMT relays where there is
no distance protection).
If the line trips on the first reclose attempt the Distribution Department will initiate a
process to sectionalise the line with attempted reclosure to isolate the faulted section.
Line patrols and investigation will be carried out to locate and repair the fault.
- Physical investigation is required prior to an attempt to reclose if:
o The trip is associated with busbar protection, transformer protection or cable

protection; or
o One (or more) circuit breakers have tripped incorrectly.
o Link Broken conductor detection( for over head line)
In these circumstances the Protection Section is to be notified. An approved

representative of the Head of Protection (Protection Engineer) will:
o Interrogate the relay to assess the sequence of events and pre-trip current and
voltage conditions.
o If it is assessed that protection equipment has maloperated the circuit will be

restored only when the Protection Engineer has confirmed that the protection
relays and associated tripping functions have been tested and are operating
correctly.
o If it is assessed that a primary fault has occurred staff from the Distribution
Department will undertake a physical inspection to determine the location of the
fault and to commence switching and repairs. Following the completion of repairs
the Protection Engineer will carry out all tests required to confirm that the
equipment is fit for return to service.
o Circuit restoration will be authorised once the fault has been isolated or repaired
and clearance from the Protection Engineer has been given.
o The Protection Engineer will record all stored relay data, together with information
relating to the nature of the fault, and will report the findings to the Head of
Protection. The investigations will be recorded and any recommendations that
result will be submitted in a formal “Protection Investigation Report”. Any further
investigations will be initiated and/or authorised by the Head of Protection.
- If the network is to be operated under abnormal operating conditions following

restoration or partial restoration:
o The Protection Section will advise Asset Lifecycle Department and Control Centre
on the protection changes that can be made, as well as the risks (for example,
significantly slower protection operating times, potential loss of discrimination)
associated with operating with these changes.
o Protection changes will be implemented by the Protection Engineer following

direction received from Asset Lifecycle Department and Control Centre.
- For trips of either 33kV transformer incomer or 33kV busbars at 132/33kV grid
substations, MZEC may coordinate with OETC staff to determine the cause of the tripping.
4.7 Interface with OETC

As indicated in sections 2.2.3 and 1.1, under frequency protection is installed at grid substations.
The under frequency set points are provided to MZEC Protection Section by the by MZEC Control
Centre. The MZEC Protection Section will then implement the setting changes to the under
frequency relays. The selector switches for these tripping stages are changed by the Distribution
Department.
4.8 Equipment Calibration

The testing kits are available centrally and regionally. These kits are calibrated on a two year
frequency.
5. PROTECTION TECHINCAL SPECIFICATIONS
5.1 Introduction
This section defines the technical specifications for the protection schemes.
All protection equipment shall be designed, installed and commissioned in accordance with
reference conditions stated in the Technical Specifications. Operation outside of these reference
conditions may result in damage to primary and secondary equipment that could result in
prolonged unplanned outages.
All protection schemes and relays are to be approved by the Head of Protection and are to be in
line with the requirements of:
- MZEC Network Protection Policy and Specifications (i.e. this document);
- Oman Electricity Standards (OES);
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards.
Where any discrepancy occurs between the documents the order of priority is as above and
MZEC shall be notified.
Protection functionality is to be grouped in relays as indicated in APPENDIX B for each

application.
The general technical specifications of the MZEC power system are:

Number of Phases Three
Rated Voltages 33 and 11kV
Frequency 50 Hertz
Earthing  33kV network earthed through an earthing

transformer with external earthing resistor (limiting
earth fault current to approximately 1500A through
each earthing transformer)
 11kV network solidly earthed at 33/11kV transformer
neutral points
5.2 General Protection Requirements

The general requirements that apply to all protection relays and schemes are outlined in the
following.
5.2.1 Protection Relay Panels – General

The following requirements apply to the panels the protection equipment is mounted on,
regardless of the nature of the switchgear to which it is connected:
(a) All circuit breakers shall be tripped by trip relays whose front flag (indicating trip relay
operation) and contacts are both hand and electrically resettable .Trip relays contacts
shall be of heavy duty and high speed. Trip relays shall be energised by both relevant main
and backup protections. The hand reset functionality shall be provided by a front push
button. Trip relays shall have a minimum of 8 normally open and 2 normally closed
contacts. All spare contacts shall be connected to terminal block with cross and front
ferruling references.
(b) To guard against failure of the trip relay, main protections shall also directly trip the
relevant circuit breaker via a self-resetting output contact. Contacts shall be heavy duty,
especially for breaker tripping duty.
(c) CB auxiliary contacts are to be connected into a relay binary input on the relevant
numerical relay.
(d) All spare relay contacts and inputs shall be wired to spare terminals.
(e) Two output contacts (pick up and trip) shall assign for testing purpose and wired to test
block of respective protective relay.
(f) All terminal blocks shall consist of:
(i) 10% spare terminals for controls and indication, and
(ii) 20% spare terminals for SCADA and remote purposes.
(g) The control cable trough provided for accommodating control cables shall be of minimum
width of 10cm so that all cables can be accommodated comfortably.
(h) The VT shall consist of 2 separate secondary windings, whose secondary circuits shall have
two different three phases MCB’s, denoted as V1M (for metering) and V2P (for
protection) of 2 Amps rating. The auxiliary contact of these MCB’s shall be wired to
SCADA, with an additional contact from V2P also being wired into a binary input of 59N
relay.
(i) All control wiring to be 2.5 mm2 grey wires, with trip wires provided with red colour
ferrules marked ‘T’.
(j) All 240V AC circuits shall be provided with 2.5 mm2 black wires. AC supplies for the
internal light, general purpose outlet and heater to be from separate branches with
separate protections.
(k) Diodes shall not form any part of any control circuit.
(l) Earthing strap points shall be provided at the front of the panel, with its wrist earthing
strap to be provided with the panel. All devices shall be provided with at least two
earthing points.
(m) Four hard copies and one soft copy (in AutoCAD format) of the relevant drawings shall be
supplied with the panel.
(n) The panel shall be provided with a drawing pocket inside the panel to accommodate A3
size paper drawings.
5.2.1.1 Protection Relay Panels – Outdoor 33kV and 11kV Switchgear

Control panels, protection systems and relays directly associated with outdoor switchgear shall
follow the specification indicated in section 7.0 of OES27, with additional requirements specified
in the following:
(a) Each protection cubicle shall not be less than 80cm width with double door on the rear
side.
(b) Protection and control cubicles should be of rear access design.
(c) An annunciator with a minimum of 20 windows and a buzzer (having an automatic stop
feature with timer range 0.5 to 3 minutes) shall be provided on the front of each panel.
(d) A single line diagram of the circuit shall appear on the front of the panel indicating:
(i) line and bus isolator with position indicator and
(ii) CB with discrepancy switches for indication and operational purposes.
(e) A switch with key arrangement shall be provided to allow Remote/Supervisory control
selection.
(f) Additional Bakelite blank sheets shall be provided on the front and rear side for
customised engraving at site of size 20cm x 5cm.
5.2.1.2 Protection Relay Panels – Indoor 33kV and 11kV Switchgear

Control panels, protection systems and relays directly associated with indoor switchgear shall
follow the specification indicated in the OES, with additional requirements specified in the
following:
(a) Protection relays associated with indoor switchgear shall be mounted on the
corresponding switchgear panels.
(b) A switch with key arrangement shall be provided to allow Local/Remote/Supervisory

control selection.
(c) Line feeder/transformer/Capacitor indoor panel should have a provision of circuit to trip
the associated feeder when opening rear cable compartment cover.
(d) Panel should have per phase live line indicating lamp provision.
5.2.2 Test and Isolation Facilities

(a) Adequate test facilities shall be provided within the protection scheme to enable the
protection and control equipment to be tested from the front of the protection
equipment panel with the primary circuit(s) in service. The test points shall be clearly
identified and labelled.
(b) Adequate facilities shall be provided, preferably at the front of each protection equipment
panel, to isolate all DC and AC incoming and outgoing circuits so that work may be carried
out on the equipment with complete safety for personnel and without loss of security in
the operation of the circuit. The isolation points shall be clearly identified and labelled.
(c) Any relays with removable modules shall have a CT shorting facility on removal of any
relay module.
(d) All CT terminals shall be the disconnecting type for intake wire of size 6 mm2, with
shorting facilities for each phase of the CT connections, and secondary injection provision
with standard 4 mm2 banana cable leads.
(e) Test Blocks shall have the following notation:
(i) C1 – denotes CT secondary circuit for the purpose of metering with 4 mm2 wire of
red, yellow, blue and black (neutral) colours. 6 mm2 green coloured earth wires
shall be connected via disconnecting type earth link.
(ii) C2 – denotes CT secondary circuit for the purpose of protection with 4 mm2 wire
of red, yellow, blue and black (neutral) colours. 6 mm2 green coloured earth wires
shall be connected via disconnecting type earth link.
(iii) V1 – denotes VT secondary circuit for the purpose of metering with 2.5 mm2 wires
of red, yellow, blue and black (neutral) colours and 6 mm2 green earth wires.
(iv) V2 – denotes VT secondary circuit for the purpose of protection with 2.5 mm2
wires of red, yellow, blue and black (neutral) colours and 6 mm2 green earth wires.
(f) All contacts for tripping, local alarming & SCADA shall be routed through test plug.
(g) All tripping and closing to be routed through a fuse link mounted on the front and base of
the panels associated with outdoor switchgear, and on the front panel for panels
associated with indoor switchgear.
(h) All 33kv, 11kv and 415v fuses, links and MCB’s are to comply with the requirements of OES
11.
5.2.3 Protection Relay Technology

All protection relays performing a main or backup protection on the 33kV or 11kV network shall
be numerical in nature and have extendable model for CT, VT IO model and communication
model.
Auxiliary relays, repeat relays, trip relays and any other simple auxiliary or contact multiplication
function may be based on standard attracted armature or other electromechanical techniques.
Protection relays (including auxiliary relays and MCB’s) shall be from manufacturers approved by
DCRB and they shall be type-tested according to relevant sections of the current IEC 60255
standards and copies of type test certificates should be provided. Protection relays shall have a
minimum of two years satisfactory service history in similar applications with at least 5 utilities.
The history is to be supported by reference lists.
Relays must be offered on the basis of a minimum service life of 15 years. Statements must be
obtained from the relay manufacturer(s) to this effect, with confirmation that a spares and
repairs service will be available for the stated minimum service life.
5.2.3.1 Binary Inputs

With the functionality outlined in sections 2 and 3, and APPENDIX B it is anticipated that each
main and backup numerical relays shall have (at least) 8 binary inputs.
5.2.3.2 Binary Outputs

All protection relays shall be provided with an adequate number of contacts of suitable rating to
perform the required tripping functions, alarm indications, fault recorder functions and such
supplementary signalling functions as may be necessary for initiation of automatic switching
control, intertripping etc. It is anticipated that this shall require at least 8 normally open contacts
for each numerical main and backup protection relays.
Separate contacts should be provided for alarm and tripping functions.
In all cases contacts intended for tripping duty shall be designed such that:
 They cannot inadvertently interrupt trip coil current.
 they initiate the circuit breaker trip coil directly without the interposition of auxiliary
relays or reinforcing contacts
5.2.3.3 Settings
Each protection relay shall provide a means by which the user can easily apply the required
settings, which is also secure from inadvertent operation. A display of the selected settings shall
be available either by interrogating the relay directly or by connecting the protection relay to a
PC.
5.2.3.4 Logic
Protection relays shall include programmable logic functions for a wide range of user-
configurable protection, monitoring and control schemes. Logic shall have the ability to use relay
elements, mathematical functions, comparison functions and Boolean logic functions.
5.2.3.5 Oscillography Requirements
Numerical relays shall include the facility to record oscillographic waveforms that enable the user
to obtain detailed information about a fault event. Fault recording shall be provided as an
integral part of the main and back-up protection relays. Events shall be stored in non-volatile
memory.
The relay shall be capable of recording at least 8 power system events that are able to be
triggered separately, before the oldest record is overwritten, for a total length of 15 seconds.
Recordings shall be capable of being triggered such that the beginning and the end of a power
system fault may be captured, even if the total fault time exceeds the length of a recording.
Triggering shall be possible by the pickup and the final operation (trip) of any (or multiple)
internal operands within the relay.
The relay shall have sufficient analogue recording capacity to record all analogues used by the
protective algorithms of the relay in determining their decisions.
The relay shall have sufficient digital recording capacity to record the behaviour of all logic
elements, data bits, signals or "points" in the relay that are used by the protective algorithms, or
user programmable logic in the relay.
The relay application software must provide a post fault reconstruction of the locus of each
enabled protective function.
The relay shall record disturbance events in COMTRADE text file formats. The COMTRADE file
should contain all local data (voltages, currents, relay elements).
The relay shall have minimum four no’s of setting groups and shall logically change over.
5.2.3.6 Events Log

The relay shall contain an event log of user selectable binary elements. The status changes of
these elements shall be logged with an accuracy of 1ms or better with respect to the relay clock.
Status changes shall be reported and recorded in the event log in the sequence in which they
occur. This events log shall store at least the most recent 200 entries.
5.2.3.7 Protection Defective

All numerical relays shall periodically initiate a self-testing routine that includes supervision of all
parts of the relay hardware, firmware and software. It shall at least be capable of determining
and indicating failures of the measurers and their associated output circuits.
This alarm shall be provided via a normally closed contact that operates on any of the following
events:
a) Failure of the relay's internal power supply.

b) "Low volts" or "loss of volts".
c) An internal relay fault.
If a power system fault occurs during self-testing, the relay shall resume normal operation
immediately without any time delay.
5.2.3.8 Protection Relay Application Software

Protection relays shall support XML and be set by means of a menu-guided operating program
running on Windows 7 or the most recent Windows version on a commercially available PC,
laptop or notebook.
Where a relay has the capability of being set or programmed by downloading files (i.e. numerical
relays), the following requirements apply:
a) The ability to program all settings and logic available in the relay.
b) The ability to download and upload settings to and from the relay.
c) The use of a single software platform for all relays by the same Manufacturer.
d) The ability to compare, offline from the relay, the settings contained within settings files
on different transporting media. The comparison process shall be able to show any
differences between the compared files clearly.
e) The ability to retrieve and display all fault and event records from the relay.
Various versions of a particular relay’s software or firmware are often generated due in part to
continual improvements in the product. In order to minimise the need for housekeeping of these
variations and simplify the use of new relays, it is essential that new software and firmware are
backward compatible.
5.2.4 Indications
Each relay or protection scheme shall be provided with an adequate number of indications to
ensure that the appropriate faulted phase, zone, operated element, etc. can be easily identified
after a fault condition.
It is anticipated that this will require a minimum of 8 programmable LED’s on the protection
relays themselves. Each indicator shall be visible and capable of being reset without removing the
relay cover. It shall not be possible to operate the relay when resetting the indication. Unless
otherwise approved, indications shall only be given by the protection(s) causing the relay to trip.
The record of relay indications shall be maintained following any DC auxiliary supply interruption.
For numerical relays, indication shall be provided for failures detected in the protection relay or
communications equipment. The indications provided shall be designed to allow the defective
item to be quickly identified. The status of the DC power supplies shall be permanently indicated.
5.2.4.1 LED Indication

Lamp indication on the panel shall be provided by LED’s with different de-energised colour to the
energised colour. The following indications shall be provided based on the function energising the
LED:
33kV Outgoing 33kV Power

33kV Bus section
feeder transformer
11kV Outgoing
33kV Capacitor bank 11kV Incomer
feeder
11kV Capacitor bank

33kV Incoming
11kV Bus Section
feeder 11kV Station
transformer
CB Closed Red Red Red
CB Open Green Green Green
CB Spring
Blue Blue Blue
Charged
Trip circuit
Amber Amber Amber
unhealthy
Protection
Amber Amber Amber
operated
MCB Trip Amber Amber
Earth switch
Red Red
closed
Earth switch
Green Green
open
The following pushbuttons (and their colour) shall be provided on all panels:
 Reset trip relay – black

 Lamp test – white
5.2.5 Relay Communication System

Numerical relays shall be provided with a local communications port to allow direct interfacing to
a laptop PC, to facilitate local interrogation, setting-up and recorded data extraction. Individual
protection units shall be provided with an integral user interface to facilitate setting changes and
observation of indications without the use of remote communications.
Numerical relays and schemes provided shall be suitable for connection to a local
communications network or should provide suitable contacts for interface to SCADA RTUs.
5.2.5.1 Front Interface

All numerical protection relays shall be provided with an integral local user interface, to enable
communication with the relay without the use of external equipment. Any facilities provided for
connection to an external computer shall be an additional feature to the local user interface. No
exceptions to this requirement shall be permitted.
Relay serial communication facilities should allow all information which is available locally at the
relay front panel via RS232 or USB connections. It should also be possible to carry out bulk
transfer of settings and fault record information using appropriate PC based software. The
necessary software and cables for communication with each relay type shall be provided as part
of the contract.
5.2.5.2 Rear Interface

Numerical relays shall all be suitable for connection to a local communications network (via
optical fibre connection) to allow the complete relay scheme to be interfaced to a central
computer work station. The communications bus, necessary modems and interface units and all
associated software shall be provided as part of the contract.
With the resulting system it shall be possible to interrogate all numerical relays and schemes to
monitor and extract recorded data (including settings, measurement parameters, and
disturbance records). If the same port is not suitable for connecting Engineering station as well as
the SCADA events and analogues, a separate port dedicated for the SCADA also shall be provided
on the rear side.
The Ethernet ports shall be capable of being configured in an Ethernet optical ring. IEC61850
capability over Ethernet shall be the preferred communication link for future installations. As
such, all of the main and backup protection relays are required to have IEC61850 functionality.
Dual redundant 100BASE-FX optic fibre ports. Both ports shall remain active regardless of usage
state. Only one port at a time shall be utilised for communications. Upon failure of the
communicating port, the IED shall automatically switch over to the alternative port.
One RS232 serial interface for local non-operational data access to be used for commissioning
and maintenance. The port shall be mounted at the front of the relay. Maintenance access to be
made available over the same Ethernet interface as for IEC61850 communications.
The minimum requirements for the IEC61850 relays are as follows:
a) IEDs shall have associated Logical Nodes as per IEC61850-5.

b) The IED shall be capable of GOOSE message publishing and subscribing. These GOOSE
messages shall be associated with message types 1 (fast) and 1A (trip) as per IEC61850-8.
c) The IED shall be capable of operation as an MMS server to communicate with a SCADA
Gateway. The MMS Protocol Suite shall be associated with message types 2 (medium speed),
3 (low speed) and 5 (file transfer functions) as per IEC61850-8.
d) The IEDs shall have the facility to cater for both buffered and unbuffered reports.
e) Analogue deadbands shall be adjustable.
5.2.5.3 Line Differential Protection
A fibre optic communications port shall be included for protection communications between
matching line differential relays at either end of the cable feeder circuit.
5.2.5.4 Time synchronisation

All numerical relays shall have the ability to accept an IRIG-B and SNTP signal input for time
synchronisation.
5.2.6 Environmental Requirements
5.2.6.1 Temperature
The standard nominal range of ambient temperature shall be -10C to +55C.
The protection system shall operate satisfactorily when tested to the following requirements:
 IEC Publication 60068-2-1 with severity class -10C, 96 hours.
 IEC Publication 60068-2-2 with severity class 55C, 96 hours.
The protection system shall be able to withstand the temperature requirements for storage and
transportation and shall be tested to the following requirements:
 IEC Publication 60068-2-1 with severity class -25C, 96 hours.
 IEC Publication 60068-2-2 with severity class 70C, 96 hours.
5.2.6.2 Relative humidity

The protection system shall operate correctly with a relative humidity of 93 % and shall be tested
to IEC Publication 60068-2-3 with severity class 56 days.
5.2.6.3 Enclosure
The protection relay shall meet the requirements of the tests detailed in IEC Publication 60529
with classification IP50 (dust protected). If the individual enclosure of the relay is to a class less
than IP50 then the tendered shall provide a cubicle to classification IP50 to accommodate the
relay.
5.2.7 Mechanical Specification

5.2.7.1 Vibration
The protection system shall meet the requirements of the tests detailed in IEC Publication 60255-
21-1 with severity class 1.
5.2.7.2 Shock and bump

5.2.7.3 Seismic
5.2.8 Electrical Specification

5.2.8.1 DC auxiliary energising quantity
The protection systems shall be capable of being energised from a DC auxiliary energising voltage
of 110 V (nominal).
The protection system and its associated power supply for use in both a 110 V (nominal) DC
supply system shall operate correctly over a voltage range of 24 V to 150 V.
The DC supply for each secondary circuit (i.e. protection, annunciation/indication and transducer)
shall be provided through separate MCB’s, with each loop being monitored at the end of the
connection, with loss of supply indicated on front of the panel through a LED (with proper label to
indicate the branch affected). MCB contacts and DC supervision relay contacts shall be available
for SCADA connection, wired to the disconnecting type terminal block.
Numerical protection systems shall meet the requirements of IEC Publication 60255-11 with
interruptions to the DC auxiliary energising quantity of 20 ms.
5.2.8.2 Thermal rating

Relay equipment intended for use in a normally quiescent mode and having a short time rating
shall be rated in accordance with the intended function and taking account of such inherent
protective devices as may be incorporated in the design. The requirements indicated below are
generally expected to meet most applications.
1. AC current
(a) Continuous thermal withstand is to be greater than or equal to 2A RMS on all AC
circuits including neutrals, on any setting.
(b) The symmetrical RMS current for the short time thermal withstand is to be greater
than or equal to 100A for 1 sec.
(c) The dynamic withstand is to be greater than or equal to 250A peak for 20 milliseconds.
2. AC voltage
(a) Continuous thermal withstand voltage not less than 76.2V RMS (phase to neutral),
(b) Short time thermal withstand voltage not less than 132V RMS (phase to neutral) for 10
seconds,
(c) Dynamic withstand voltage not less than 317V peak (phase to neutral) for 0.1 second.
5.2.8.3 Frequency
The rated frequency shall be 50 Hz. The nominal range of operating frequency shall be -5 % to
+5 % of nominal.
5.2.8.4 Insulation
The rated insulation voltage of circuits connected to current transformers of high impedance
relays shall be 1000 V. All other circuits shall have an insulation voltage of 250 V.
All open contacts of the protection system shall withstand a voltage of 1000 V.
5.2.8.5 Dielectric Tests

The protection system shall comply with the dielectric test requirements of IEC Publication
60255-5. The test voltage shall be selected according to the rated insulation voltage of the
circuits being tested from Series C of Table 1 of IEC Publication 60255-5.
5.2.8.6 Impulse Voltage

The protection system shall comply with the impulse test requirements of IEC Publication 60255-
5 with test voltage of 5 kV.
5.2.9 Electromagnetic Compatibility

5.2.9.1 1 MHz Burst Disturbance
The protection system shall comply with the requirements of IEC Publication 60255-22-1 with
severity Class III.
5.2.9.2 Electrostatic Discharge

severity Class III.
5.2.9.3 Radiated Electromagnetic Field Disturbance

severity Class III. The test shall be carried out by using Test Method A and by sweeping through
the entire frequency range 27 MHz to 500 MHz.
5.2.9.4 Electromagnetic Emissions

The protection system shall comply with the requirements of IEC Publication 60255-25.
5.2.9.5 Fast Transient Disturbance

severity level IV.
5.3 Line Differential Protection (87L)

5.3.1 Primary functions
The protection shall be responsive to all types of short circuit faults and shall be capable of
simultaneously detecting all phase and earth
The communication require for line differential protection should be based on fiber optic. The
activation time for communication between the protections shall not be more than 20 ms. for
current differential protection; in order to synchronize the analog measurement, maximum delay
of transmission system should be less than 10 ms.
The relay shall trip the 33kV circuit breakers at both feeder ends.
5.3.2 Additional Functions

The line differential relay shall be capable of detecting and compensating for any propagation
delay within the communications system. The relay shall not operate in the event of
communication link failure. Relay shall have additional distance function as a back up and
function switch on automatically in case of communication failure.
Time synchronisation shall be possible between each circuit end. This can be achieved via a GPS
clock signal, or other reliable time synchronisation signal.
5.3.3 Relay Setting Requirements

The following minimum setting ranges shall be available on the line differential protection relay.
Extended setting ranges will be acceptable.
Line Differential settings range:
 Minimum Operating Current: 5% to 100% in 5% steps (on nominal rating of 1A).
Full details of the relay operating characteristic and the measurement methods shall be provided.
If biasing methods are used, it shall be shown how biasing will affect the sensitivity of the
scheme.
Additional protection function settings range:
 Communications Failure Alarm Time Delay: 0.5s to 10s in 0.5s steps,
 GPS Fail Alarm Time Delay: 0.5s to 10s in 0.5s steps,
 Channel Propagation Delay Limit: 0 ms to 20 ms in 1 ms steps.
The protection relay shall not be affected by harmonics and power frequency variations and shall
be insensitive to DC current components and high frequency transient events. Relay shall have
power cable charging current compensation feature and with slop characteristic.
5.3.4 Relay Compatibility

The relays installed at each circuit end must be installed with compatible firmware.
Where relays at one substation are replaced or upgraded, this may also require the upgrade of
the remote end line differential relays in order to ensure continued compatibility of relay
technology and/or firmware.
The relay shall internally compensate any CT ratio mismatch in the line CT’s.
5.4 33kV High Impedance Circulating Current Protection (87B, 64N)

(a) When used as a buszone protection, the protection shall be responsive to all types of
short circuit faults and shall be capable of detecting simultaneously all phase-to-earth and
phase-to-phase faults, within the protection zone defined by the locations of current
transformer. The scheme shall clearly indicate that faulted phase(s).
(b) C.T supervision relay for each zone with settable timer to supervise suspeous spill current
due to bus differential C.T. primary/secondary circuit problem and block the operation of
respective zone differential relay.
(c) For use as a high impedance restricted earth fault protection the relay shall detect all
earth faults in the intended zone of operation. A single phase relay is acceptable for this
purpose.

The following setting characteristics shall be available on all high impedance schemes:
(a) Current setting shall have a minimum range of 0.1A to 0.4A, with setting steps no greater
than 0.05A. The operating characteristic shall have an accuracy of ±5% of setting or
better.
(b) Blocking or filtering circuits shall be used within the relay to render them insensitive to
the transient DC component on through fault.
(c) Non-linear resistors shall be included to limit the voltage that can appear across the relay
(including external series and shunt resistors) on internal fault.
5.5 Transformer Biased Differential Protection (87T)

The main protection for 33/11kV transformers shall be provided by an Overall Biased Differential
relay. The relay shall also have unrestrained differential elements to detect and operate for high
current internal faults.
The protection shall be responsive to all types of short circuit faults and shall be capable of
detecting simultaneously all phase-to-earth and phase-to-phase faults. The relay shall indicate
the faulted phase(s).
The relay shall have second and fifth harmonic blocking/ restraining during inrush and over
excitation conditions.
Blocking or filtering functionality shall be employed within the relay to render it insensitive to the
transient DC component on through fault.

(a) Minimum Operating Current (Biased Differential element): 5% to 100% in 5% steps (on
nominal rating of 1A),
(b) Bias Slopes: A minimum of two provided, with setting ranges from 50% to 100% in 5%
steps
(c) Minimum Operating Current (Unbiased Differential element): 200% to 2000% in 5% steps
(on nominal rating of 1A). These shall have a transient overreach of less than 5% for
system X/R of 30.
(d) The maximum allowable mismatch of CT's (relative to the power transformer voltage
ratio) for through fault stability must be at least 4.
5.6 Distance Protection (21)

Distance relays provided shall be suitable for use on 33kV overhead line circuits and shall be
responsive to all types of short circuit faults and shall be capable of simultaneously detecting all
phase and earth faults. The relay shall indicate the faulted phase(s).
Distance relays shall have polar (mho) and quadrilateral characteristics, with extended resistive
reach and residual compensation, selectable within the settings of the relay.
Distance relays shall provide at least four setting zones. Zone 4 shall have reverse reach
characteristics.
5.6.2 Additional Functions

(a) Distance protection relays shall include fuse failure protection functions. Fuse failure
protection shall ensure that open circuit VT conditions are detected and distinguished
from genuine imbalances due to primary system faults. Assertion of this function shall
block tripping of the distance element and initiate an alarm.
(b) Switch on to fault (SOTF) feature shall be provided.
(c) Fault location functionality and fault recording shall be provided. Distance to fault
readings shall be in km, and shall be monitored remotely through the SCADA system.
(d) Load encroachment functionality shall be provided.
(e) A three phase undervoltage element shall be provided.
(f) A check synchronising element shall be provided.

The following minimum setting ranges shall be available on the distance protection relay.
Extended setting ranges will be acceptable. Please note that reference to impedance in the
below refers to secondary impedance.
(a) Distance function zone settings range:
(i) Zone 1, 2, 3 & 4 Reach: 0.25Ω to 100Ω in 0.01Ω steps,
(ii) Zone 1, 2, 3 & 4 Timer: 0s to 5s in 10ms steps,
(iii) Quadrilateral Resistive Reach: 0.25Ω to 100Ω in 0.01Ω steps,
(iv) Relay Characteristic Angle: 30° to 85° in 1° steps
(v) Earth compensation factor setting for each zone separately.
(b) Undervoltage element
(i) The undervoltage element shall have a minimum setting range of 20% to 100% (of
nominal voltage) with setting steps no greater than 1%.
(ii) The undervoltage element shall have a blocking function whereby if the voltage falls
below a certain level (e.g. under loss of VT secondary voltage) the relay shall be
disabled and an alarm issued. The voltage setting range for this function shall be 10%
to 100% in steps of 1%.
(iii) Relay shall have a loss of potential and V.T.M.C.B. trip detection feature with timer
and shall block the distance function.
(c) Check synchronising elements
(i) Range of phase angle setting of 5° to 82.5° in steps of 2.5° or less with an accuracy of
+5% or better over the full setting range.
(ii) Range of slip frequency timer of 0 to 15 seconds in steps of 0.5 seconds with an
accuracy of +5% or better.
(iii) Frequency range of 47 - 51Hz.
(iv) Under voltage blocking range of 77% to 92.5% of rating in steps of 0.5% or less.
(v) Selection of Live line / dead bus, dead line / live bus switching and dead line/dead bus
shall be possible. Dead line or dead bus conditions shall be declared when the voltage
is less than 10% or rating.
(vi) .
Figure 4:
Distances relay Characteristics.
5.7 IDMT Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection (51, 51N, 51G, 46)
The IDMT Overcurrent and earth fault protection shall be provided with independently selectable
operating curves. Available operating characteristic curves shall be Standard Inverse (SI), Very
Inverse (VI) and Extremely Inverse (EI) operating characteristics.
The following setting ranges shall be available on the IDMT overcurrent and earth fault protection
relay. The setting ranges for earth fault element shown below shall be applicable to both a
measured and calculated (i.e. 3*I0) quantity.
Overcurrent settings range:
 Selectable characteristics: SI, VI, EI
 Current Setting: 0.1A to 3.0A in 0.025A steps (nominal rating of 1A),
 Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) range: 0.01 to 1.0 in 0.01 steps
 DT OC time setting range: 0 s to 5 s in 0.1s steps
 A transient overreach of less than 5% for X/R up to 30 (for DT elements).
Earth Fault settings range:
 Selectable characteristics: SI, VI, EI
 Current Settings: 0.05A to 1.0A in 0.025A steps (nominal rating of 1A),
 TMS range: 0.05 to 1.0 in 0.01 steps
 DT EF time setting range: 0 s to 5 s in 0.1s steps
 A transient overreach of less than 5% for X/R up to 30 (for DT elements).
5.8 Sensitive Earth Fault (51N)

SEF protection shall be of the DT type.
The following setting ranges shall be available for the SEF protection element:
 Current Setting: 0.025A to 0.20A in 0.005A steps (nominal rating of 1 A)
 Time Setting: 0 s to 15 s in 1 s steps
5.9 Neutral Voltage Displacement (59N)

The Neutral Voltage Displacement relay shall be capable of detecting zero sequence voltages
above a defined set point, within a settable definite time delay.
The minimum setting range of this shall be 5% to 200% of nominal voltage with setting steps no
greater than 1%.
5.10 Delayed Auto Reclose (79)

Circuits consisting of more than 20 % of overhead line shall be equipped with single shot auto
reclose functionality. This functionality shall be included in the main protection relay for the
circuit, and be initiated for single phase to earth or phase to phase faults only.
The dead time up to the first reclosure shall be adjustable from at least 5 seconds to 300 seconds.
The dead time between each reclosure shall be independent of each other.
Reclaim Time shall be adjustable from at least 10 to 180 seconds.
The relay shall indicate that auto reclose is in progress and when auto reclose function has locked
out.
The relay shall contain a cumulative auto reclose shot counter, and shall allow a minimum of 3
shots with separately settable dead time and reclaim time for each shot.
The auto reclose relay shall be programmable for each stage to set the:
 Auto Reclose conditions,
 Block conditions,
 Dead time,
 Reclaim Time,
 Operation Counters
5.11 Capacitor Bank Protection

The following protective functions are to be provided in capacitor control units.
(a) Over/ Under Voltage protection shall be provided and set in accordance with the capacitor
bank manufacturer recommendations.
(b) Capacitor out Of Balance protection shall be provided and set in accordance with the
capacitor bank manufacturer recommendations. The relays shall initially provide an alarm
prior to the loss of additional capacitor elements that will trip the Capacitor Bank 33kV circuit
breaker.
5.12 Automatic Voltage Regulator

a) The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) shall automatically control the transformer tap
changer whenever “Automatic” mode is selected on a selector switch. The AVR shall be
housed in the transformer control cubicle.
b) The set point voltage for the relay shall be 80% to 120% of a nominal voltage of 110V in
setting steps no greater than 0.1V.
c) The relay shall have an undervoltage and overvoltage function that blocks tap change
operations, with a minimum setting range for the undervoltage element of 50% to 90% of
nominal and 100% to 130% of nominal for the overvoltage element in setting steps no
greater than 1V, with a minimum time delay range of 0s to 300s in setting steps no greater
than 1s.
d) If the power supply to the AVR fails, the relay shall revert to fail-safe operation and the
motor drive shall be rendered inoperable, with alarm assertion. This alarm shall not be
generated if the transformer is de-energised.
e) The AVR scheme shall be able to control up to three transformers in parallel as well as
independent and lockout control modes. The relay shall be able to control parallel
transformers using the “Master” and “Follower” principle.
5.13 Pole Mounted Autoreclosers

Pole mounted autoreclosers shall contain the following protection functionality and meet the
specification requirements indicated previously:
Protection functionality Relevant section in this document
IDMT Overcurrent and Earth Fault 5.7
Sensitive Earth Fault 5.8
Delayed Auto Reclose 5.10
Provision shall be made for the connection of external tripping devices (namely transformer
mechanical tripping devices when the autoreclosers are used on the 33kV side of a 6MVA or
3MVA transformer.
5.14 11kV Cross Tripping Scheme

To cater for actual or potential deviations from N-1 transformer capacity at primary substations
an automatic sequential load shedding or “11kV cross tripping” scheme shall be applied at
nominated 11kV primary substation switchboards.
The transformer cross tripping scheme shall utilise inputs derived from the following relays which
derive current inputs from the 33kV transformer circuit breakers.
- Main Cross Tripping relay: One Tripping Relay with a minimum 10 output contacts.
- 33kV IDMT Overcurrent (HVOC) Relay:
o The HVOC relay shall require an undercurrent element which shall activate an output
contact.
o The HVOC relay shall require a second overcurrent element (independent of any
backup protection elements employed for transformer protection).
5.15 Trip and Lockout Relays

Trip and lockout relays shall have the following characteristics:
 Operating time under reference conditions shall be 10ms or less, including errors.
 The relays shall be of high burden, with hand and electrical reset available for contacts and
indicators.
 The relays shall not have diodes across electromechanical coils of the trip relay.
The relay output contacts shall have a rated voltage equivalent to the rating of the DC power
supply and duty level III as per IEC 60255-1-00. Contacts shall not be provided with seal in or
reinforcing that requires interruption by the circuit external to the relay.
5.16 Test Block and Plug

The test block and plug shall be suitable for the isolation of CT and VT circuits to each relay, and
shall allow secondary injection and load testing of the relay at the test block. The test block and
plug shall also include facilities to isolate the relay outputs.
The test plug shall also allow the insertion of test instruments into the CT and VT circuits to
monitor these with the protection and circuit in service.
A single multi-fingered test plug is required which, when inserted into the test block, can be
arranged to perform the following functions in the order listed:
1. Opens the relay output circuits.

2. Shorts the CT circuits together.
3. Disconnects the relay from the CT and VT circuits.
The test block and plug shall provide for at least

 Six CT connections.
 Four VT connections.
 Four DC connections.
The test plug shall ensure that it is not possible to inadvertently make contact with the live
components of the test block when installing or removing test leads.
5.17 CT & VT Requirements

The following CT and VT specification and ratings will be provided unless it is shown by
calculations that other ratings are suitable in the application.
All CT’s in the table below shall be located on the phases of the relevant circuit unless otherwise
indicated. All VT’s in the table below shall be located on the relevant circuit unless otherwise
indicated.
Circuit Type Function CT Ratio & Class VT Ratio & Class

33kV Outgoing Cable 87L, 27, 29 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
Circuit (at grid PX class Class 0.5, 100VA
substation) 51, 51N, 46BC 400/1
5P20, 15VA
Metering 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
Class 0.5 Class 0.5, 100VA
87B (Check Zone) 2400/1
PX class
87B (Main Zone) 2400/1
PX class
33kV Outgoing 21, 27, 29 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
Overhead Line Circuit PX class Class 3P, 100VA
(at grid substation) 51, 51N, 50N, 46BC 400/1
5P20, 15VA
SEF 50/1 (CBCT)
Class 0.5
Metering 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
PX class
PX class
33kV Capacitor Circuit 51, 51N 400/1
(at grid substation) 5P20, 15VA
Metering 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
(Busbar VT)
87B (Check Zone)
2400/1
PX class
PX class
33kV Bus Section (at 51, 51N 2400/1
grid substation) 5P20, 15VA
87B (Main Zone - 2400/1
Busbar 1) PX class

87B (Main Zone - 2400/1
Busbar 2) PX class
33kV Incomer Cable 87L 400/1

Circuit (at primary PX class
substation) 67, 67N, 59N, 46BC 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
5P20, 15VA Class 3P, 100VA
PX class
PX class
Metering 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
33kV Incomer 67, 67N, 59N, 46BC 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
Overhead Line Circuit 5P20, 15VA Class 3P, 100VA
(at primary
substation)
PX class
PX class
Metering 400/1 (33/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
33kV Bus Section (at 51, 51N 400/1
primary substation) 5P20, 15VA
87B (Main Zone - 400/1
Busbar 1) PX class
87B (Main Zone - 400/1
Busbar 2) PX class
33kV side of 33/11kV 87T 400/1

Transformer PX class
51, 51G 400/1
5P20, 15VA
51N 1200/1
(supplied from 5P20, 15VA
transformer 11kV
neutral CT)
PX class

PX class
Transformer 11kV 87T 1200/1
Incomer PX class
51, 51N, 67, 67N 1200/1 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
5P20, 15VA Class 3P, 100VA
Metering 1200/1 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
64N 1200/1
PX class
64N 1200/1
(supplied from PX class
transformer 11kV
neutral CT)
11kV Outgoing Cable 51, 51N, 400/1
Circuit 5P20, 15VA
Metering 400/1 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
(11kV Transformer
Incomer)
11kV Outgoing 51, 51N, 50N, 46BC 400/1
Overhead Line Circuit 5P20, 15VA
SEF 50/1 (CBCT)
Class 0.5
Metering 400/1 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
(11kV Transformer
Incomer)
11kV Capacitor Circuit 51, 51N 400/1
5P20, 15VA
Metering 400/1 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
(11kV Transformer
Incomer)
59, 27 (11/√3)/(0.11/√3) kV
Class 3P, 100VA
(11kV Transformer
Incomer)
11kV Station 51, 51N 100/1
transformer 5P10, 15VA
All CT’s to provide rated continuous thermal secondary current of 2A.
To provide assurance that the protection schemes are stable and reliable the contractor shall
provide calculations to demonstrate that the CTs and VTs comply with the requirements as stated
by the protection relay manufacturer for the application.
MZEC Planning Department shall provide the maximum fault levels and X/R ratios that apply to
each circuit for the purposes of CT specification.
5.18 Fuses, Links and Miniature circuit breaker

5.18.1 Fuses and Links
All fuses and links associated with electrical instrument, protection and control circuits shall be of
approved type and grouped, as far as possible, according to their functions. They shall be clearly
labelled, both on the panels and the associated wiring diagrams.
Fuses and links shall be connected to enable the control circuits to be individually isolated for
maintenance purposes.
Fuses and links associated with control and tripping circuits shall preferably be mounted on the
outside of control panels in approved position, whilst the remainder shall be mounted internally.
All fuses shall incorporate H.R.C cartridges to IEC 269. Rewireable fuses will not be accepted.
Carriers and bases for 16 amp fuses shall be coloured green and those 6 amps fuses shall be
black. Link carriers and bases shall be white.
The fuses, links and carriers are to be designed to prevent the link carrier being interchanged with
fuses carriers.
5.18.2 Miniature circuit breaker

Miniature circuit breaker shall be complying with BS 3871 part I.
APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS BY CIRCUIT TYPE
Protected Circuit Main Protection Backup Protection Remarks
Grid S/S Side
33kV busbar differential 33kV transformer incomer OC & EF

33kV Bus Bar
(check and main)
33kV busbar differential 33kV bus section OC & EF
33kV Bus Section
(check and main)
 33kV outgoing feeder distance protection 33kV outgoing feeder OC, EF & SEF  Distance protection may be
with auto closer function. substituted for line
differential protection for
short lengths of OHL circuit
33kV outgoing OHL
 Autoreclose only provided
for circuits comprising
greater than 20% OHL
33kV outgoing feeder 33kV outgoing feeder line differential with in- 33kV outgoing feeder OC & EF,
underground cable build distance protection function.
 33kV capacitor bank OC & EF
 Capacitor bank overvoltage and under
33kV capacitor bank voltage
 Capacitor out of balance
Indoor 33kV Primary S/S
33kV high impedance buszone (check and Dependent on main protection installed
main) on circuits at grid substation connected to
primary substation:
33kV Bus Bar  If distance protection - distance
protection
 If line differential protection – 33kV
outgoing feeder OC & EF
33kV incomer DOC, DEF & NVD  33kV bus section OC & EF (if 33kV If line differential protection
bus section closed) installed at grid substation end of
 11kV transformer incomer DOC (if
33kV Line Incomer circuit, then line differential
11kV bus section closed).
protection will also be installed as
main protection on incomer
33kV high impedance buszone (check and 33kV bus section OC & EF
33kV Bus Section
main)
Transformer differential  33kV transformer OC & EF Transformer mechanical
33kV Transformer Incomer
protections also installed
 11kV restricted earth fault  11kV SBEF
 11kV transformer incomer OC and EF  11kV transformer incomer DOC and
DEF (if 11kV bus section closed).

11kV transformer incomer OC & EF  33kV transformer OC

11kV Bus Bar  11kV SBEF
11kV bus section OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF
11kV Bus Section
 11kV outgoing feeder OC, EF & SEF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF Autoreclose only provided for
11kV Outgoing Feeder OHL  Autoreclose circuits comprising greater than
20% OHL
11kV Outgoing Feeder  11kV outgoing feeder OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF
underground cable
 11kV capacitor bank OC & EF  11kV transformer incomer OC & EF

11kV Capacitor Bank voltage
 Capacitor bank out of balance
11kV station transformer OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF

11kV Station TX
Outdoor 33kV Primary S/S (transformer ≥ 10MVA)
Dependent on main protection installed on Dependent on main protection installed

circuits at grid substation connected to on circuits at grid substation connected to
primary substation: primary substation:
33kV Bus Bar  If distance protection - distance  If distance protection – 33kV
protection outgoing feeder OC & EF
 If line differential protection – 33kV  If line differential protection – 33kV
outgoing feeder OC & EF incomer OC & EF
33kV incomer DOC, DEF & NVD  33kV bus section OC & EF (if 33kV If line differential protection
bus section closed) installed at grid substation end of
 11kv transformer incomer DOC (if
33kV Line Incomer circuit, then line differential
11kV bus section closed).
protection will also be installed
on incomer
33kV bus section OC & EF Dependent on main protection installed
on circuits at grid substation connected to
primary substation:
33kV Bus Section  If distance protection - distance
protection
 If line differential protection – 33kV
outgoing feeder OC & EF
Transformer differential 33kV transformer OC & EF Transformer mechanical
protections also installed
 11kV restricted earth fault  11kV SBEF

11kV Transformer Incomer  11kV transformer incomer OC and EF  11kV transformer incomer DOC and
DEF (if 11kV bus section closed).
11kV transformer incomer OC & EF  33kV transformer OC
11kV Bus Bar  11kV SBEF
11kV bus section OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF
11kV Bus section
 11kV outgoing feeder OC, EF & SEF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF Autoreclose only provided for
20% OHL
11kV Outgoing Feeder 11kV outgoing feeder OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF
underground cable
 11kV capacitor bank OC & EF  11kV transformer incomer OC & EF
11kV Capacitor Bank voltage
11kV station transformer OC & EF 11kV transformer incomer OC & EF

11kV Station TX
Outdoor 33kV Primary S/S (transformer <10MVA)
33kV transformer OC & EF 33kV outgoing feeder distance protection

TX 33/11kV
 11kV outgoing feeder OC & EF 33kV transformer OC & EF Autoreclose only provided for
20% OHL
11kV Outgoing Feeder 11kV outgoing feeder OC & EF 33kV transformer OC & EF
underground cable
 11kV capacitor bank OC & EF  33kV transformer OC & EF
11kV Capacitor Bank  Cap bank overvoltage and under voltage

APPENDIX B SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS OF TYPICAL PROTECTION SCHEME
The following Protection Single Line Diagrams are included with this appendix.
Drawing No Title Approved Approved

Version Date
MZEC-STD-PROT-001 Symbol Sheet A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-002 Outgoing 33kV Overhead Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-003 Outgoing 33kV Cable Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-004 33kV Capacitor A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-005 Incoming 33kV Overhead Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-006 Incoming 33kV Cable Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-007 33/11kV Transformer ( ≥ 10MVA ) A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-008 33/11kV Transformer ( < 10MVA ) A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-009 Outgoing 11kV Overhead Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-010 Outgoing 11kV Cable Feeder A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-011 11kV Capacitor A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-012 11kV Station Transformer A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-101 2 x 125 MVA Grid Substation A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-102 2 x 63 MVA Grid Substation A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-103 2 x 20 MVA Primary Substation with Indoor 33kV Switchgear A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-104 2 x 20 MVA Primary Substation with Outdoor 33kV Switchgear A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-105 1 x 6 or 3 MVA Primary Substation A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-106 Tripping diagram for 2 x 20MVA Primary Substation with Indoor 33kV Switchgear – Sheet 1 A 10/10/2013
MZEC-STD-PROT-107 Tripping diagram for 2 x 20MVA Primary Substation with Indoor 33kV Switchgear – Sheet 2 A 10/10/2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
87B
21 Distance Protection MZ Busbar Protection (Main Zone)
A A
Voltage Transformer 87B
25 Check Synchronising CZ Busbar Protection (Check Zone)
27 Undervoltage Protection 87L Line Current Differential Protection

Current Transformer Core
46B
B
C
Broken Conductor Protection 87T Transformer Differential Protection B
Circuit Breaker 50 Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
50N Sensitive Earth Fault Protection MET Metering

C
Capacitor Bank
51 IDMT Overcurrent Protection B Buchholz Device
Fuse 51N IDMT Earth Fault Protection WT Winding Temperature Device

D D
51G Standby Earth Fault Protection OT Oil Temperature Device
Outgoing Circuit
59
Overvoltage Protection PR Pressure Relief Device
Earth Switch
E 59N Neutral Voltage Displacement Protection TC
B Tap Changer Buchholz Device E
Surge Arrester 64N Restricted Earth Fault Protection TC

Tap Changer Oil Pressure Device
OP
Power Transformer
67 Directional Overcurrent Protection AND Logical ‘AND’ Gate
F F
67N Directional Earth Fault Protection OR Logical ‘OR’ Gate

Earth
79 Autoreclose
G Cable G
86 Lockout Relay
81U Overfrequency Protection
CLIENT TITLE
MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY
H PROJECT MZEC H
PROTECTION SPECIFICATIONS
SYMBOL SHEET FOR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS
DRA WN DRA WING CHECK REVIEWED APP RO VED
DT DT NK NR
1 14/03/13 KD NK NR PROTECTION UPDATED DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW SCALE DRA WING No REV
REV DATE DRA WN REV'D APP'D REVISION DRA WING NUMBE R REFERENCE DRAWING TITLE
NK NK DATE 01/02/13 DATE 05/02/13 NTS MZEC-STD-PROT-001 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Busbar
Grid
A A
Substation
TRIP From 87B
B B
CLOSE
TRIP *
From 81U
79
TRIP From Busbar VT

29
C C
400/1 21
Class PX From Feeder VT
27
400/1 51 50N
Class 5P20 51N 46BC
D 50/1 D
Class 0.5
400/1
Class 0.5 Met From Feeder VT
2400/1
E
Class PX To 87B Main Zone E
2400/1
Class PX To 87B Check Zone
(33/ 3)/(0.11/ 3)/(0.11/ 3)kV

F F
FEEDER VT;
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
G G
Notes:
33kV OHL Feeder * Only if 20% or more of the

OR circuit is Overhead Line
33kV Hybrid OHL/Cable
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
PROTECTION SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33kV OUTGOING OVERHEAD LINE FEEDER
1 14/03/13 KD NK NR PROTECTION UPDATED DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW
NK NR SCALE DRA WING No REV
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Busbar
Grid
A A
Substation
TRIP
From 87B
B B
CLOSE From Busbar VT

TRIP 29
From 81U
TRIP
27 From Feeder VT
C C
400/1
Class PX 87L
400/1 51
Class 5P20 51N
D D
400/1 From Busbar

Class 0.5 Met
VT
2400/1
Class PX To 87B Main Zone
E E
2400/1 To 87B Check Zone

Class PX
F FEEDER VT: F
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
Optical Fibre
Communication
G G
33kV Cable Feeder

CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33kV OUTGOING CABLE FEEDER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Busbar
Grid
A A
Substation
From 87B
B B
TRIP
TRIP TRIP
From 81U
C C
400/1 51
Class 5P20 51N
D D
400/1
Class 0.5 Met From Busbar VT
2400/1
E Class PX To 87B Main Zone E
2400/1
Class PX To 87B Check Zone
F F
G G
33kV Capacitor
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
33kV CAPACITOR
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV OHL Connection

A A
B B
400/1
To 87B Check Zone
Class PX
C C
400/1
To 87B Main Zone
Class PX
D D
46BC
67 From Busbar
VT
400/1
E 67N E
Class 5P20
59N
400/1 From Busbar

MET VT
Class 0.5
F F
TRIP TRIP
From 87B
G G
33kV Busbar
Primary
Substation
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33kV INCOMING OVERHEAD LINE FEEDER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Cable Connection

A A
B B
400/1 To 87B Check Zone

Class PX
C C
400/1
To 87B Main Zone
Class PX
D D
67
From Busbar VT
400/1
67N
Class 5P20
59N
Optical Fibre
Communication
E 400/1 E
87L
Class PX
400/1
MET From Busbar VT
F Class 0.5 F
TRIP TRIP
From 87B
G G
33kV Busbar
Primary
Substation
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT
MZEC H

DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33kV INCOMING CABLE FEEDER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Busbar
Primary
Substation
A From 87B TRIP
A
TRIP
TRIP
400/1
Class PX
B
400/1 51 B
Class 5P20 51G
51N
400/1
To 87B Main Zone Class PX
To 87B Check Zone 400/1

Class PX
C C
WT OT B
1200/600/1
D 33/11kV Class PX D
TC TC
PR
B OP
1200/600/1
Class 5P20
11kV INCOMING VT;

(11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
E Class 3P/0.5 E
64N
AVR
87T
1200/600/1
Class 0.5 MET
F 51 67 F
1200/600/1
Class 5P20 51N 67N
1200/600/1
Class PX
1200/600/1
Class PX
G G
TRIP TRIP
11kV Busbar
Primary
Substation
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT
MZEC H

DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33/11kV TRANSFORMER (≥10MVA)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A A
33kV Busbar
B B
TRIP
200/1
C 51 C
51N
D D
33/11kV
B PR OT
E E
F F
G G
11kV Busbar
CLIENT TITLE
H MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY H

PROJECT
MZEC
DT DT NK NR
33/11kV TRANSFORMER (<10MVA)
SCALE DRA WING No REV
1
NTS
DATE DATE
NK NK 01/02/13 05/02/13 MZEC-STD-PROT-008
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A 11kV Busbar A
AUTO RECLOSE
B B
TRIP
C C
46BC
400/1 50N
D D
Class 5P20
51 *
50/1 51N 79
Class 0.5
E E
400/1 From Busbar VT

MET
Class 0.5
F F
G G
11kV Overhead Line Notes:

OR
*Only if 20% or more of the circuit is Overhead Line.
11kV Hybrid Overhead/Cable
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT
MZEC H
11kV OVERHEAD LINE FEEDER
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
11kV Busbar
A A
B B
TRIP
C C
D D
51
400/1
Class 5P20 51N
E E
400/1
MET From Busbar VT
F
Class 0.5 F
G G
11kV Cable Circuit

CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT
MZEC H
11kV OUTGOING CABLE FEEDER
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A 11kV Busbar A
B B
TRIP
C C
D D
50N
400/1
Class 5P20 51
E E

MET
F Class 0.5 F
G G
11kV Capacitor
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
11kV CAPACITOR
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A 11kV Busbar A
B B
TRIP
C C
D D
51
100/1
Class 5P20 51N
E E

MET
Class 0.5
F F
G G
Station Transformer
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
11kV STATION TRANSFORMER
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
T1 LV T2 LV
A A
1600/1 1600/1 1600/1 1600/1

Class PX Class PX Class PX Class PX
1600/1 1600/1 1600/1 1600/1

B Class PX Class PX Class PX Class PX B
OETC 125 MVA OETC 125 MVA OETC 125 MVA

132/33kV TRANSFORMER 132/33kV TRANSFORMER 132/33kV TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION PROTECTION PROTECTION
Bus VT; Bus VT;

C (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV C
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
33kV Busbar 33kV Busbar

Grid Grid
Substation Substation
D D
TRIP TRIP
TRIP
CLOSE
TRIP
TRIP TRIP *
81U 81U
79 CLOSE From Busbar VT
TRIP TRIP TRIP 29 TRIP TRIP
81U 81U
From Busbar VT
29 TRIP
27 From Feeder VT
E E
400/1 400/1 21 400/1
87T 11kV CB From Feeder VT 87L
Class PX Class PX 27 Class PX
400/1
51 400/1 51 50N 51 51
400/1 400/1
Class 5P20 51G 11kV CB Class 5P20 46BC Class 5P20 Class 5P20
51N 51N 51N
51N
From
400/1
Met Busbar
400/1
Met From Feeder VT 400/1 From Busbar 400/1
Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Met Met From Busbar VT
VT
Class 0.5 VT Class 0.5
2400/1 2400/1 87B 87B 2400/1 2400/1

F Class PX Class PX
MZ1 MZ2 Class PX Class PX F
2400/1 2400/1 87B 87B 2400/1 2400/1

CZ1 CZ2
From Busbar
81U
FEEDER VT; FEEDER VT: VT
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Optical Fibre
Communication
G G
33/11kV 1200/600/1
Transformer Class PX
33kV OHL Feeder 33kV Cable Feeder 33kV Capacitor

OR
1200/600/1
Class 5P20
Notes:
To 11kV * Only if 80% or more of the circuit is Overhead Line

CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
33kV SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
2 x 125 MVA 132/33kV GRID SUBSTATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
T1 LV T2 LV
A A
1600/1 1600/1
Class PX Class PX
1600/1 1600/1
Class PX Class PX
B B
OETC 63 MVA OETC 63 MVA

132/33kV TRANSFORMER 132/33kV TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION PROTECTION
Bus VT; Bus VT;

(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
C TRIP TRIP C
33kV Busbar
Grid
Substation
TRIP
TRIP TRIP 51
D D
51N
TRIP
CLOSE TRIP
TRIP TRIP *
81U
81U
79 CLOSE From Busbar VT
TRIP TRIP 29 TRIP TRIP
TRIP 81U 81U
From Busbar VT
29 TRIP
27 From Feeder VT
400/1 21 400/1
400/1
87T 11kV CB From Feeder VT 87L
Class PX
Class PX 27 Class PX
E E
51 400/1 51 50N 400/1 51 400/1 51
400/1
Class 5P20 46BC Class 5P20 Class 5P20
Class 5P20 51G 11kV CB 51N 51N 51N
From 51N From

400/1 400/1 400/1 From Busbar 400/1
Met Busbar Met From Feeder VT Met Class 0.5
Met Busbar
Class 0.5
Class 0.5 Class 0.5 VT
VT VT
2400/1 1600/1 87B 87B 1600/1 1600/1

MZ1 MZ2
2400/1 1600/1 87B 1600/1 1600/1

F CZ F
FEEDER VT; FEEDER VT:

(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Optical Fibre
81U From Busbar VT
Communication
Notes:
G 33/11kV 1200/600/1
G
Transformer Class PX * Only if 80% or more of the circuit is Overhead Line
33kV OHL Feeder 33kV Cable Feeder 33kV Capacitor
OR
1200/600/1
Class 5P20
To 11kV
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
33kV SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
2 X 63 MVA 132/33kV GRID SUBSTATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Cable Connection 33kV OHL Connection
Optical Fibre Connection
400/1
Clas s PX
A A
400/1
Clas s PX
400/1
Clas s PX
400/1
Clas s PX
67
400/1
67N 46BC
Clas s 5P20
59N
67
400/1 400/1
87L 67N
Clas s PX Clas s 5P20
59N
B B
400/1 400/1
MET MET
Bus VT; Clas s 0.5 Clas s 0.5
Bus VT:
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5
TRIP TRIP Class 3P/0.5
400/1
Clas s 5P20
33kV Busbar 1
TRIP
400/1 400/1
Clas s PX 51 Clas s PX
51N
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
C C
400/1 400/1
Clas s PX Clas s PX
51 51
400/1 400/1
Clas s 5P20 51G Clas s 5P20 51G
51N 51N
400/1 87B 87B 400/1

Clas s PX DZ1 DZ2 Clas s PX
400/1 87B 400/1

Clas s PX C2 Clas s PX
D D
T1 T2
WT OT B 33/11kV WT OT B 33/11kV
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
20MVA Clas s PX
20MVA Clas s PX
TC TC TC TC
PR PR
B OP B OP
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s 5P20 Clas s 5P20
64N
11kV INCOMING VT; 11kV INCOMING VT;
(11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5 Class 3P/0.5
64N
AVR
E AVR
87T 87T
E
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
MET MET
Clas s 0.5 Clas s 0.5
51 67 51 67
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s 5P20 51N 67N Clas s 5P20 51N 67N
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s PX Clas s PX
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s PX TRIP 51 Clas s PX
51N
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
F F
1200/1
Clas s 5P20 AUTO RECLOSE
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
46BC
G 51 51
50N
50N
G
400/1 100/1 400/1 400/1
Clas s 5P20 Clas s 5P20 Clas s 5P20
51 * Clas s 5P20
51N 51N 51
51N 79
400/1 100/1 400/1 400/1

MET MET MET MET
Clas s 0.5 Clas s 0.5 Clas s 0.5 Clas s 0.5
Notes:
11kV Cable Circuit Station Transformer 11kV Overhead Line 11kV Capacitor
OR *Only if 80% or more of the circuit is Overhead Line.
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC - SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM & TRIPPING LOGIC FOR H
2 X 20MVA 33/11kV PRIMARY SUBSTATION WITH
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
33kV INDOOR SWITCHGEAR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV OHL Connection
33kV Cable Connection
A A
Line VT:
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
Line VT:
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
46BC
67 67
67N 67N
59N 59N
INTERTRIP
INTERTRIP Optical Fibre
Optical Fibre 87L
Connection 87L Connection
INTERTRIP
INTERTRIP
B B
400/1
400/1
Clas s PX
Clas s PX
51 400/1 51
400/1
Clas s 5P20
Clas s 5P20
51G 51G
51N 51N
400/1
400/1
Clas s 5P20
Clas s 5P20
400/1
400/1
Clas s PX
Clas s PX
400/1
MET
400/1 MET
C Clas s 0.5
Clas s 0.5
C
T1 T1
33/11kV WT OT B 33/11kV
WT OT B
1200/600/1
20MVA Clas s PX
D TC TC
PR TC TC PR
D
B OP B OP
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
11kV INCOMING VT;

64N 11kV INCOMING VT;
(11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
64N
AVR
AVR 87T 87T
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s 0.5
MET Clas s 0.5
MET
E E
1200/600/1 51 67 1200/600/1 51 67
51N 67N 51N 67N
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s PX Clas s PX
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Clas s PX TRIP 51 Clas s PX
51N
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
F F
1200/800/1
Clas s 5P20 AUTO RECLOSE
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
46BC
51 50N
400/1 100/1 51 400/1 400/1 50N
Clas s 5P20 Clas s 5P20 Clas s 5P20
51 * Clas s 5P20
51N 51N 51
G 51N 79 G
400/1 100/1 400/1 400/1

Clas s 0.5
MET Clas s 0.5
MET Clas s 0.5
MET Clas s 0.5
MET
Notes:
11kV Cable Circuit Station Transformer 11kV Overhead Line 11kV Capacitor
OR
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC - SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM & TRIPPING LOGIC FOR H
2 X 20MVA 33/11kV PRIMARY SUBSTATION WITH
33kV OUTDOOR SWITCHGEAR
DT DT NK NR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
33kV Busbar
A A
TRIP
B 200/1 B
51
51N
T1
C 33/11kV C
B PR OT
D D
E E
11kV Busbar
AUTO RECLOSE AUTO RECLOSE
PMR PMR PMR

F F
TRIP TRIP TRIP
51 51 51
400/1 400/1 * 400/1 *
79 79
51N 51N 51N
G G
11kV Capacitor 11kV Outgoing Feeder 11kV Outgoing Feeder
CLIENT
MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY TITLE
H MZEC H
PROJECT
TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR OUTDOOR PRIMARY
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED SUBSTATIONS AT 6MVA AND 3MVA
1 14/03/13 KD NK NR PROTECTION UPDATED NK NR
SCALE DRA WING No REV
1
DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW
REV DATE DRA WN REV'D APP'D REVISION DRA WING NUMBE R REFERENCE DRAWING TITLE NK NK DATE 01/02/13 DATE 05/02/13 NTS MZEC-STD-PROT-105
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OVERALL TRIPPING LOGIC FOR 2 x 20MVA PRIMARY SUBSTATION

A A
33kV Line Cable CB: SCADA Open Command 33kV Line OHL CB: SCADA Open Command
33kV BS CB: SCADA Open Command
33kV Line Cable CB: Manual Open Command 33kV Line OHL CB: Manual Open Command
33kV BS CB: Manual Open Command
OR OR OR
87L 51 67
67 33kV Line (Cable) 67N 86 33kV Line (OHL)
OR 86 OR 86 TRIP 33kV BUS OR
67N Incomer CB SECTION CB Incomer CB
59N
51N
33kV Line Cable Incomer Protection 33kV Bus Section
33kV Line OHL Incomer Protection
B B
33kV Bus Zone Protection – Busbar 1 33kV Bus Zone Protection – Busbar 2
CZ CZ
AND 86 AND
86
MZ1 MZ2
C C
33kV TX1 CB: SCADA Open Command 33kV TX2 CB: SCADA Open Command
33kV TX1 CB: Manual Open Command 33kV TX2 CB: Manual Open Command OR 33kV TX2 Incomer CB Trip Coil 1
OR 33kV TX1 Incomer CB Trip Coil 1
33kV 51
33kV 51
86
86 33kV 51N
D 33kV 51N (33kV) D
(33kV)
TCB
TCB OR
OR B
B
PR
PR
64R
64R
87T
87T
33kV TX2 Incomer CB Trip Coil 2
33kV TX1 Incomer CB Trip Coil 2 OR
OR
E E
51G
51G
OT
OT 86 86 OR 11kV TX2 Incomer CB Trip Coil
(11kV)
11kV TX1 Incomer CB Trip Coil WT (11kV)
WT OR
F OR F
OR
11kV 67N
11kV 67N OR
OR 11kV 67 AND
11kV 67 AND
11kV Bus Section CB CLOSED 11kV Bus Section CB CLOSED
11kV 51
11kV 51 OR
OR 11kV 51N
11kV 51N
G G
11kV TX2 INCOMER CB: SCADA Open Command
11kV TX1 INCOMER CB: SCADA Open Command
11kV TX2 INCOMER CB: Manual Open Command
11kV TX1 INCOMER CB: Manual Open Command
CLIENT TITLE
H PROJECT MZEC H
OVERALL TRIPPING LOGIC FOR 2 x 20MVA
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED
PRIMARY SUBSTATION - SHEET 1 OF 2
DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW
NK NK DATE
01/02/13 DATE
05/02/13 NTS MZEC-STD-PROT-106
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
OVERALL TRIPPING LOGIC FOR 2 x 20MVA PRIMARY SUBSTATION (11kV CIRCUITS)

A A
11kV Overhead Line Protection and

11kV Hybrid Overhead/Cable Protection
11kV Station Transformer Protection
51
INITIATE AUTO RECLOSE ON 11kV OVERHEAD 51
OR 79 LINE OR 11kV HYBRID OVERHEAD/CABLE
FEEDER CB * OR 86
51N
B B
51N
TRIP 11kV STATION
50N OR TRANSFORMER CB
OR
86
11kV Station Tx CB: SCADA Open Command
46BC
11kV Station Tx CB: Manual Open Command
TRIP 11kV OVERHEAD LINE

OR
FEEDER CB
C 11kV Outgoing Feeder CB: SCADA Open Command C
11kV Outgoing Feeder CB: Manual Open Command
11kV Cable Circuit Protection 11kV Bus Section Protection
D D
51 51
OR 86 OR 86
51N 51N
TRIP 11kV CABLE CIRCUIT

OR
FEEDER CB OR TRIP 11kV BUS
SECTION CB
11kV Outgoing Cable CB: SCADA Open Command
11kV BS CB: SCADA Open Command
11kV Outgoing Cable CB: Manual Open Command
E 11kV BS CB: Manual Open Command E
11kV Capacitor Protection
F 51 F
OR 86
51N
OR TRIP 11kV CAPACITOR CB
11kV Cap CB: SCADA Open Command

11kV Cap CB: Manual Open Command
G G
Notes:
CLIENT
H MZEC H
PROJECT
OVERALL TRIPPING LOGIC FOR 2 x 20MVA
DRA WN
D.T.
DRA WING CHECK
D.T.
REVIEWED APP RO VED PRIMARY SUBSTATION - SHEET 2 OF 2
N.K. N.R.
DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW SCALE DRA WING No REV
REV DATE DRA WN REV'D APP'D REVISION DRA WING NUMBE R REFERENCE DRAWING TITLE N.K. N.K. DATE 01/02/13 DATE 05/02/13 NTS MZEC-STD-PROT-107
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
APPENDIX C 11kV CROSS TRIPPING SCHEME
The transformer cross tripping scheme diagrams referenced in the previous sections
is included with this appendix.
“PRINTED COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED“
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A A
B B
Key:
37 - Undercurrent Protection
51 - IDMT Overcurrent Protection
86 - Electrical/Hand reset Lock
Out
relay (cross trip relay).
C C
52a-1 52a-2
DC +ve TO SCADA DC -ve

X-TRIP IN SERVICE
52a-1
51-1 51-2 51-2
400/1
Class 5P20 86-1
400/1
Class 5P20 86-2 33inc
52a-1
11inc 52a
D BS 86-XTRIP D
T1 T2 FEEDER 1 11kV CIRCUIT BREAKER
For details of transformer For details of transformer
protection see relevant protection see relevant
Primary S/S drawings in Primary S/S drawings in 52a-2
51-1
Appendix B Appendix B 33inc DC +ve
52a-2 TRIP DC -ve

11inc COIL
E E
FEEDER 2 11kV CIRCUIT BREAKER
AS FEEDER 1
FEEDER 3 11kV CIRCUIT BREAKER

52a-1 52a-2
52a
11kV Busbar
F Primary Substation AS FEEDER 1 F
SUBSTATION SPECIFIC TRIPPING
TO SCADA
X-TRIP OPERATED
G G
DATE: 31/01/2013 14:29:31 LOGIN NAME: KIRBY, NATHAN (SKM)
rimary Substation 11kV Cross Tripping Scheme.dwg
CLIENT
PRIMARY SUBSTATION 11kV CROSS

MZEC
LOCATION: C:\DWG\The Partials
H H
PROJECT
TRIPPING
Sin clai r Kn ight Merz
DRA WN
DT
DRA WING CHECK
DT
REVIEWED APP RO VED SCHEME1
13th Floo r, Cale Cross House NK NR
156 Pilg rim Street Tel: +44 191 21 1 2 400 DESIGNED DESIGN REV IEW SCALE DRA WING No REV
NEWCASTLE UP ON TYNE NE1 6SU
UNITED K INGDOM
Fax: +44 191 21 1 2 401
Web: www.glob alskm.com NK NK DATE 01/02/13 DATE 05/02/13 NTS MZEC-STD-PROT-108
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A1
APPENDIX D SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION

WITHIN CUSTOMER FACILITIES
Protection systems installed within customer facilities must meet the requirements of this
policy.
The following information must be provided (for approval) to MZEC Protection Section by
customers seeking a 33kV or 11kV connection to the MZEC network.
1. Documentation explaining the general protection configuration, including:

(a) Protection philosophy
(b) Present and design minimum and maximum fault levels.
(c) Present and design minimum and maximum fault contributions to the network from
the Customer, at the point of connection.
(d) Special scheme philosophy (e.g. islanding, load shedding schemes)
2. Single line diagram down to and including low voltage buses (i.e. greater than 50V AC),
including:
(a) Voltage levels
(b) Transformer ratings, winding configurations and earthing connections
(c) operating status of switching devices
(d) Earthing configuration
(e) Primary plant interlocks
3. Details of protection interfaces between MZEC and the Customer.
4. Protection single line diagram down to and including low voltage buses (i.e. greater than
50V AC), including:
(a) Current transformer locations, rated primary and secondary current, rated short time
thermal current, rated output, accuracy class and designation.
(b) Voltage transformer locations, winding connections, rated primary and secondary
voltages, rated output and accuracy class.
(c) Make and model numbers of protection relays.
(d) Functions undertaken by protection relays.
(e) Primary plant mechanical protections.
(f) Tripping details (either on single line diagram or tripping matrix)
(g) Synchronising and check sync functionality.
5. Impedance diagram of the system, showing, for each item of primary plant, details of the
positive, negative and zero sequence series and shunt impedances, including mutual
coupling between physically adjacent elements. Impedances to be in per unit, referred to

a 100MVA base.
6. Final submission to include tested values of generator and transformer impedances (e.g.
from manufacturer’s test certificates)
7. Tripping and control power supply (e.g. DC system) single line diagram.
8. Power flow details at point of connection.
9. HV circuit breaker details, including:

(a) A control and protection schematic diagram of the circuit breaker(s) at the Customer
connection to the network
(b) Type, rated current and rated fault MVA or rated breaking current of all HV circuit
breakers
10. HV switch fuse details, including:

(a) rated current of fuse
(b) rated breaking current of fuse
(c) Type of fuse
(d) current-time characteristic curves
11. Documentation explaining the general protection settings philosophy.
12. Protection settings to be employed and reasons for selecting these settings. Diagrams to
be submitted where applicable.
(a) Grading curves for phase faults.
(b) Grading curves for earth faults
APPENDIX E INDICATIVE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT

PROTECTION SETTINGS
The following table provides time delayed overcurrent and earth fault protection settings
that generally meet the requirements of this policy for maximum design fault levels. When
applying new or amended settings to the network, the requirements of section 3 must apply
(i.e. the settings provided below are a guide only).
11kV Outgoing Pick up 400A primary

Feeder Overcurrent
Protection Characteristic Standard Inverse
TMS 0.10

Feeder Earth Fault
TMS 0.10
11kV Bus Coupler Pick up 1050A primary

Overcurrent
TMS 0.16
11kV Bus Coupler Pick up 50A primary

Earth Fault
TMS 0.26
33/11kV 20MVAA Pick up 1200A primary

Transformer 11kV
Overcurrent Characteristic Standard Inverse
Protection
TMS 0.24
33/11kV Pick up 60A primary

Transformer 11kV
Earth Fault Characteristic Standard Inverse
Protection
TMS 0.42
Transformer 11kV Characteristic Standard Inverse

Standby Earth Fault
Protection TMS 0.58

Transformer 11kV
Directional Characteristic Standard Inverse
Overcurrent
Protection TMS 0.10

Transformer 11kV
Directional Earth Characteristic Standard Inverse
Fault Protection
TMS 0.10
33/11kV 20MVA Pick Up 400A primary

Transformer 33kV
Protection
TMS 0.24
Instantaneous Pickup 3640A primary
33/11kV Pick Up 20A primary

Transformer 33kV
Earth Fault Characteristic Standard Inverse
Protection
TMS 0.05
33kV Bus Section Pick Up 400A primary

Overcurrent
Protection (Primary) Characteristic Standard Inverse
TMS 0.34
33kV Bus Section Pick Up 30A primary

Earth Fault
Protection (Primary) Characteristic Standard Inverse
TMS 0.21
Directional 33kV Pick up 80A primary

Feeder Overcurrent
Protection (installed Characteristic Standard Inverse
on 33kV incomer at TMS 0.05

primary substation)
Directional 33kV Pick up 20A primary

Feeder Earth Fault
Protection (installed Characteristic Standard Inverse
on 33kV incomer at
primary substation) TMS 0.05

Feeder Overcurrent
TMS 0.50

Feeder Earth Fault
TMS 0.37
33kV 20MVAr Pick Up 400A

Capacitor
Protection
TMS 0.1
(i.e. 4x 5MVAr)
Instantaneous Pickup 787A
33kV Capacitor Pick Up 20A primary

Earth Fault
TMS 0.1
These settings are provided on a single line diagram for a 2x 20MVA indoor substation on the
following page.
T1 LV T2 LV
1600/1 1600/1
Class PX Class PX
1600/1 1600/1
Class PX Class PX
OETC 125 MVA

132/33kV TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION
Bus VT;
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
TRIP TRIP
33kV Busbar
Grid
Substation
TRIP
33kV O/C & E/F TRIP

Cable Feeder
CLOSE From Busbar VT
CT 400/1 Curve SI
TRIP 29 TRIP TRIP
Ratio 81U 81U
(FROM OETC) (FROM OETC) 33kV O/C & E/F
Prot O/C E/F TRIP
27 From Feeder VT Capacitor Bank (20MVA)
CT 400/1 Curve SI
Ratio
IDMT 400A 40A 400/1
Pickup Class PX 87L
Prot O/C E/F
T.M.S 0.50 0.37
400/1 51 400/1 51
Class 5P20 Class 5P20 IDMT 400A 20A
51N 51N Pickup
T.M.S 0.1 0.1

400/1 From Busbar 400/1
Class 0.5
Met Class 0.5
Met From Busbar VT
VT
Inst 787A
87B 1600/1 1600/1
Pickup
MZ2 Class PX Class PX
87B 1600/1 1600/1

Class PX Class PX
CZ2
FEEDER VT:
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5, 100VA
Optical Fibre 59
From Capacitor VT
Communication 27
33kV Cable Feeder
33kV Capacitor
33kV O/C & E/F

Bus Section
CT 400/1 Curve SI
Ratio
Prot O/C E/F
IDMT 400A 30A

Pickup
T.M.S 0.34 0.21
33kV O/C & E/F Optical Fibre 33kV OHL Connection

Incomer 33kV Cable Connection Communication
CT 400/1 Curve SI
Ratio
VT 11KV/110 400/1
Class PX
Ratio
Prot Dirnl O/C Dirnl E/F 400/1
(67) (67N) Class PX
Pick up 200A 20A

T.M.S 0.05 0.05
400/1
Class PX
46BC
400/1
Class PX
67
400/1
67N 46BC
Class 5P20
59N
67
400/1 400/1
87L 67N
Class PX Class 5P20
59N
400/1 400/1
MET MET
Bus VT; Class 0.5 Class 0.5
Bus VT:
(33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (33/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV
Class 3P/0.5
TRIP TRIP Class 3P/0.5
400/1
33kV O/C+ E/F Class 5P20 33kV O/C+ E/F
Transformer Transformer
33kV Busbar 1
CT 400/1 Curve SI CT 400/1 Curve SI
TRIP
Ratio 400/1 400/1 Ratio
Class PX 51
Class PX
Prot O/C E/F Prot O/C E/F
51N
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP

Pick up 400A 20A Pick up 400A 20A
T.M.S 0.24 0.05 T.M.S 0.24 0.05

400/1 400/1
Class PX Class PX
Inst 3640A Inst 3640A

51 51
Pickup 400/1 400/1 Pickup
Class 5P20 51G Class 5P20 51G
11kV SBEF 11kV SBEF
Transformer 51N 51N Transformer
CT 400/1 Curve SI 400/1 87B 87B 400/1 CT 400/1 Curve SI
Class PX DZ1 DZ2 Class PX
Ratio Ratio
Pick up 80A 400/1 87B 400/1
Pick up 80A
Class PX C2 Class PX
T.M.S 0.58 T.M.S 0.58
T1 T2
WT OT B 33/11kV WT OT B 33/11kV
20MVA 20MVA
TC TC TC TC
PR PR
B OP B OP
11kV O/C & E/F 11kV O/C & E/F

Incomer Incomer
64N
CT 400/1 Curve SI 11kV INCOMING VT; 11kV INCOMING VT; CT 400/1 Curve SI
Ratio (11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV (11/√3)/(0.11/√3)/(0.11/√3)kV Ratio
64N
Prot O/C (51) E/F (51N) Prot O/C (51) E/F (51N)
AVR
AVR
87T 87T
IDMT 1200A 60A IDMT 1200A 60A

Pickup Pickup
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
MET MET
Class 0.5 Class 0.5
T.M.S 0.24 0.42 T.M.S 0.24 0.42
1200/600/1 51 67 1200/600/1 51 67
Class 5P20 51N 67N Class 5P20 51N 67N
VT Ratio 11KV/110 Curve SI VT Ratio 11KV/110 Curve SI
1200/600/1 1200/600/1
Class PX Class PX
Prot Dirnl O/C Dirnl E/F Prot Dirnl O/C Dirnl E/F
(67) (67N) 1200/600/1 1200/600/1
(67) (67N)
Class PX TRIP 51 Class PX
Pick up 200A 80A Pick up 200A 80A
51N
T.M.S 0.1 0.1 T.M.S 0.1 0.1
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
1200/800/1
Class 5P20 AUTO RECLOSE
TRIP TRIP TRIP TRIP
46BC 46BC
50N
400/1 51 100/1 51 400/1 50N 400/1
Class 5P20 Class 5P20 Class 5P20 Class 5P20
51 *
51N 51N 51
51N 79
400/1 100/1 400/1 400/1

MET MET MET MET
Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Class 0.5
59
27
11kV Cable Circuit Station Transformer 11kV Capacitor 11kV Overhead Line
OR
11kV O/C & E/F 11kV O/C & E/F 11kV O/C & E/F 11kV O/C & E/F 11kV O/C & E/F
Cable Feeder Station Transformer Bus Section Capacitor Bank (5MVA) Outgoing Feeder
CT 400/1 Curve SI CT 100:1 Curve SI CT 1200/1 Curve SI CT 400/1 Curve SI CT 400/1 Curve SI
Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio
Prot O/C E/F Prot O/C E/F Prot O/C E/F Prot O/C E/F Prot O/C E/F
IDMT 400A 40A IDMT 50A 20A IDMT 1050A 50A IDMT 400A 20A Pick up 400A 40A
Pickup Pickup Pickup Pickup
T.M.S 0.10 0.10 T.M.S 0.1 0.05 T.M.S 0.16 0.26 T.M.S 0.1 0.05 T.M.S 0.10 0.10
Inst 1575A AR 1 shot

Pickup Dead time = 180 seconds
Reclaim time = 60 seconds
SEF 10A
5 seconds
APPENDIX F SUMMARY OF RELEVANT INFORMATION FOR

OTHER MZEC DEPARTMENTS
The table below provides an indication of the sections in this document which
are of particular relevance to them.
Concerned MZEC Department Relevant Sections

Control Centre 2.2.3.(c)
3.8
1.1
4.6
4.7
Projects Department 0
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.4
APPENDIX H
Distribution Department 4.6
4.7
Planning Department 3.4
4.2.2
5.17
Asset Performance Department 4.6
APPENDIX G PROTECTION RELAY TESTING CHARACTERISTICS
The following checks are to be undertaken when undertaking protection maintenance or

testing activities on the MZEC network.
If several functions are combined into a single relay, all applicable elements for each
protection function shall be tested.
The high level objective of protection relay tests is to ensure that:

 The correct settings are on the relay, and are fit for their intended purpose
 All DC, CT and VT connections are correctly made so that the scheme operates correctly.
 The test results are consistent with that expected by the relay settings and within the
relay manufacturers specified tolerances.
Reference to “testing pickups” in the following means test of pickup and test of drop off.
Reference to “testing” in the following also requires that a written record of this test be
taken and filed so that it can easily be accessed for future reference.
GENERAL
1 Note time and date on relay, and correct if necessary.
2 Download disturbance and even recorder records
3 Download relay setting files
4 Measure relay power supply current
5 Operate all active binary inputs, and confirm that operate relevant logic elements
6 Operate all active binary outputs, and confirm that they are routed through test plug
7 Test DC pickup voltage for each relay – power supply
8 Test DC pickup voltage for each relay – binary inputs
9 Measure AC current and voltage against relay readings
10 Check that CT and VT ratio in relay against ratios indicated on drawings
11 Check that LED’s working (both on the panel and relay programmable)
OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT (INCLUDING STANDBY EARTH FAULT)

1 Test IDMT, DT and instantaneous pickup current
2 Test operating time of IDMT element at 2, 5 and 10 times pickup
3 Test operating time of DT element
4 Test operating time of instantaneous element
5 Test pickup and operating time of other functions (e.g. broken conductor protection)
6 Test operation of tripping contacts of relay through to relevant CB’s for protection
elements
DIRECTIONAL
1 Test operating and non-operating zones (i.e. forward and reverse)
2 Test minimum current and voltage sensitivity
3 Test operating time of time delayed elements
AUTO RECLOSE
1 Test number of shots, dead time and reclaim time
2 Test lockout and reset functionality
VOLTAGE
1 Test voltage pickups (for both alarm and trip functions)
2 Test time delays (for both alarm and trip functions)
HIGH IMPEDANCE BUSBAR AND RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

1 Test stabilising resistor size and rating
2 Test metros characteristic
3 Test relay pickup current
4 Test operating time at pickup
5 Test through fault stability and internal fault
6 Ensure no operating current when scheme service switch in “out” position (main and
check zones).
7 B/b scheme stability of both zone and trip test.
8 Test P.U. and time delayed of C.T.supervising relay
CABLE AND TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL

1 . Checks measurement from both side
Test bias characteristic at break points either side of operating characteristic

2 Test harmonic restraint (both HV and LV)
3 Test through fault stability and internal fault
4 Test differential pickup current
5 Test biased differential characteristic at extremity of different slopes for Elements
R,Y,B,RY,YB,BR,RYB
elements
7 Test unbias characteristic for all phase
DISTANCE
1 Checks all measurements
1 Test distance zone pickups for all zones and all fault loops
2 Test zone operating timers for all zones and all fault loops
3 Test operation of autoreclose functionality in zone 1 (PH-PH and PH-EARTH)only
elements
5 Test SOTF function
6 Test BROKEN CONDUCTOR FUNCTION
7 Test fuse and VT failure function and check for protection blocking
8 Breaker trip test through scheme.
9 Down load and verification of DR for all digital and analog signals for all faults.
10 Test and Verification of fault locator.
APPENDIX H A summary of information to be provided for

protection calculation
Fault current calculation
Fault current level calculation seen by the relay at various operating scenario.
Or the ETAP outputs of Fault current seen by the relay at various operating scenario
Relay Setting calculation
o Relay setting schedule

o Relay setting calculation sheet
o Show of fuse manufacturers characteristics
o Protection grading curves
o Show relay manufacturers of CTs requirements
o Approved SLD in normal condition
o Submit the relay configuration, logic configuration (PSL OR CFC OR any other Logic)
hard & soft copy
( All this data should be submitted and approved before any FAT)
o Calculation of Metrosil details of sizing & Stabilizing Resistor sizing ( High impedance
current differential protection )
CT details
o Ratings, ratio, accuracy class, accuracy limit factor

o Magnetizing curves
o Secondary winding resistance
o Secondary lead length and conductor sizing
VT details
o Ratings, ratio, accuracy class
APPENDIX I APPENDIX I: RECOMMENDED SETTINGS FOR MULTI

TAPPING NETWORK:
These settings are for guideline only:

ZONE SETTING
1) Zone 1 = 85% of shortest tap line
2) Zone 2 = > a) 85% of tap line 1 + 85 % of ZTX1 (Tr in parallel)

b) 85% of tap line 2 + 85% of ZTX2 (Tr in parallel)
c) 85% of tap line 3 + 85% of ZTX3 (Tr in parallel)
d) 85% of tap line 4 + 85 %of ZTX4 (Tr in parallel)
e) 120% of longest line
Whichever is lowest of above for Z2
3) Zone 3=> a)150% of tap line1 + 150% of ZTX1 (Tr in separate)

b) 150% of tap line2 + 150% of ZTX2 (Tr in separate)
c) 150% of tap line4 + 150% of ZTX4 (Tr in separate
d) 150% of tap line4 + 150% of ZTX4 (Tr in separate
Whichever is highest of above for Z3
4) Zone 4=>10% of Zone 1
ZONE TIME SETTING:
Zone 1= Instantaneous
Zone 2= 400ms
Zone 3= 1.2ms
Zone 4= 0.8ms
RESISTIVE REACH CALCULATION:
Maximum load = 22.6MVA (1.732*29700*440)
Minimum load impedance= kV^2/ MVA

= 29.7^2/22.6
=39 ohm
Power factor at maximum load =0.8pf
Minimum load resistance = 39*0.8= 31.2ohm
RESISTIVE REACH FOR PHASE DISTANCE:

Zone3 = 60% of minimum load resistance
Zone 2 = 80% of zone 3 resistive reach
Zone 4 = same as zone 3 resistive reach
RESISTIVE REACH FOR GROUND DISTANCE:

Zone3 = 80% of minimum load resistance
Zone 4 = same as zone 3 resistive reach
Note: All the zone impedance value and resistive reach settings should be converted into
secondary impedance value.

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MAZOON ELECTRICITY COMPANY S.A.O.C.

MZEC NETWORK PROTECTION POLICY AND SPECIFICATIONS

Protection Device Battery

Original Issue: November 2013

REV NO. DATE AUTHOR SCOPE/REMARKS

Version 1.0 Dec 2014 Mohammed Al-Amri Revised Issue

MZEC Protection Team & B K

RECORD OF DOCUMENT MODIFICATIONS

Revision clause page Description

1.2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 11

1.3 List of General Definitions..................................................................................................... 13

1.4 List of Specific Definitions ..................................................................................................... 14

1.5 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 15

1.6 List of Equations .................................................................................................................... 17

1.7 ANSI Device Numbers ........................................................................................................... 19

1.8 Licence and Code Obligations ............................................................................................... 21

1.8.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 21

1.9 Responsibilities for Policy Implementation and Maintenance ............................................. 23

2.2 33kV Network Protection...................................................................................................... 25

2.2.1 Main Protection Schemes ............................................................................................. 25

2.3 11kV Network Protection...................................................................................................... 29

2.4 Customer Connections .......................................................................................................... 30

2.5.1 Protective CT’s .............................................................................................................. 30

2.6 Voltage Transformers ........................................................................................................... 31

2.6.1 Protective VT’s .............................................................................................................. 31

2.7.1 Under-frequency Protection ......................................................................................... 32

2.7.2 Cross-Tripping Scheme.................................................................................................. 32

2.8 Network Fault Levels............................................................................................................. 32

2.9 Fault Clearance Times ........................................................................................................... 33

3. PROTECTION SETTING POLICY ...................................................................................................... 34

3.3 Unit Protection Schemes ...................................................................................................... 34

3.3.1 Bus Zone Protection ...................................................................................................... 34

3.4 Distance Protection............................................................................................................... 36

3.6 Other Time Delayed Protection ............................................................................................ 50

3.6.1 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection.................................................................................... 50

3.8 Transformer Tap Change ...................................................................................................... 51

Under frequency Protection ......................................................................................................... 51

4. PROTECTION OPERATIONAL POLICY ............................................................................................. 52

4.2 Protection Equipment Records and Data Management ....................................................... 52

4.3 Installation and Commissioning ............................................................................................ 54

4.3.1 Inspection and Testing – General Requirements .......................................................... 54

4.3.4 Test Certificates ............................................................................................................ 55

4.4 Protection Relay Settings ...................................................................................................... 58

4.4.1 Unit Protection Relay Settings: ..................................................................................... 58

4.5 Routine Testing ..................................................................................................................... 59

4.6 Post Fault Restoration and Investigation .............................................................................. 59

4.7 Interface with OETC .............................................................................................................. 60

5. PROTECTION TECHINCAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 61

5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 61

5.2 General Protection Requirements ........................................................................................ 61

5.2.1 Protection Relay Panels – General ................................................................................ 62

5.3 Line Differential Protection (87L) .......................................................................................... 73

5.4.1 Primary functions .......................................................................................................... 74

5.5 Transformer Biased Differential Protection (87T) ................................................................ 75

5.5.1 Primary functions .......................................................................................................... 75

5.6 Distance Protection (21) ....................................................................................................... 75

5.8 Sensitive Earth Fault (51N).................................................................................................... 78

5.9 Neutral Voltage Displacement (59N) .................................................................................... 78

5.10 Delayed Auto Reclose (79) .................................................................................................... 78

5.11 Capacitor Bank Protection .................................................................................................... 79

5.13 Pole Mounted Autoreclosers ................................................................................................ 80

5.14 11kV Cross Tripping Scheme ................................................................................................. 80

5.15 Trip and Lockout Relays ........................................................................................................ 80