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In the aforementioned circumstances, it can be assimilated that biases can occur at any phase of the
research, from study design or data collection, as well as in the process of data analysis and towards
publication. In order to control or prevent confounding and possible selection biases the following
methods will be utilized: first, a well-defined choice of population; second, appropriate sampling
technique to allow for adequate size of the study population. Third, properly and clearly written
protocols and definition of terms; fourth, review of multiple reliable sources of data to verify
disease/exposure status; fifth, valid instruments and procedures, and last but not the least, matching
will also be employed to ensure that the study groups do not differ with respect to possible
confounders.