Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Supervisor:
Ir. Purwanto, M.T., M.Eng
Compiler:
Circle Wiryadhartha
Fikri Amrullah Muryasani 21010115120092
Faela Sufah 21010115120097
Mhd. Rony Asshidiqie 21010115140196
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
SEMARANG
2018
PREFACE
Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the compiler (Circle
Wiryadhartha) for finishing proposal entitled “Polynesian Roof Truss Design for
Cultural and Educational Development Center”. This proposal is used in order to
join International Roof Truss Design Competition 2018 that organized by
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
The compiler also wishes to express deep and sincere gratitude for those
have guided in completing this proposal:
This proposal contains the explanation of designing the polynesian truss for
cultural and educational development center. The structure analysis and the
advantages of the polynesian truss also completed.
Hopefully, this proposal can help the readers to expand their knowledge
especially about polynesian truss design.
Circle Wiryadhartha
ii
LIST OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................. i
PREFACE .......................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... iii
LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. iv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................... v
CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY .......................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Aim ..................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Benefit/Advantage .............................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 2 THEORY ..................................................................................... 2
2.1 Polynesian Truss ................................................................................. 2
2.2 Dipterocarpus Kunstleri King ............................................................. 2
2.3 Standard for Wood Construction ........................................................ 3
CHAPTER 3 ROOF TRUSS DESIGN .............................................................. 4
3.1 Material Specification ......................................................................... 4
3.2 Design of Polynesian Truss ................................................................. 5
3.3 Design Load Analysis ......................................................................... 6
3.4 Structural Failure Analysis ................................................................. 8
3.5 Connection .......................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 4 DRAWING .................................................................................. 10
REFERENCE ..................................................................................................... 11
APENDIX A: The Details of Polynesian Truss Selection Process ..................... 12
APENDIX B: The Details of Calculation and Analysis of Polynesian Truss with
Loading 250 kg ........................................................................... 16
iii
LIST OF FIGURE
iv
LIST OF TABLE
v
CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
Cultural and educational is one of important thing in social life. The Culture
and educational issues are about many aspects of life, written in many print
media, interview, dialogue, and talk show in electronic media. The increments of
these cultural and educational issues automatically increase the amount of life
style especially in construction design. In other side, Indonesian is one the world’s
most diverse country, diversity is a central feature of Indonesian culture. It has
more than 300 ethnic groups, 700 languages and dialects that different each other.
It means, many construction design is affected from Indonesian culture such as
Polynesian truss.
Polynesian truss is one of the technologies in construction fields that have
been widely used since the royal period in Java. The truss is inspired of Joglo
houses, a traditional architectural building from Central Java. Polynesian truss has
two pitches, a lower pitch on the bottom part of roof and a steeper pitch on the top
part of the roof. The truss design is applied the structure of building but not too
widely used. However, the truss should not be underestimated because they have
unique structure characteristic beside the aesthetical view. So, it is one of good
alternative to make truss for the building.
1.2 Aim
The aim of this proposal is to study how to design the polynesian truss for
cultural and educational development center that has strength, light structure
weight, economic, workable and also has high aesthetic. Our analysis focuses on
polynesian truss with main material timber or wood and connection of truss is
bold. The span of polynesian truss is 1.5 meter.
1.3 Benefit/Advantage
The advantage, this proposal can be reference to the readers to know about
how to design polynesian truss for cultural and educational development center
with Dipterocarpus kunstleri king as the material.
1
CHAPTER 2
THEORY
2
2.3 Standard of Wood Construction
The standard used in designing polynesian truss is based on American Wood
Council-National Design Specification for Wood Construction on Edition 2015
(AWC-NDS2015) which is Indonesian standard (SNI) referred to.
Tension design
Ft < Ft’ x Kf x Φt x λ
Compression design
Fc < Fc’x Kf x Φc x λ
Where:
Ft , Ft’ = reference and adjusted tension design value parallel to grain, MPa
Fc , Fc’ = reference and adjusted compression design value parallel to grain, MPa
Kf = format conversion factor
Φt,Φc = resistance factor
λ = time effect factor
3
CHAPTER 3
ROOF TRUSS DESIGN
4
3.2 Design of Polynesian Roof Truss
To get the best design of polynesian truss, we did some selection processes.
The best design is expected to have a good structure efficiency and also workable.
The summary of the selection processes are shown in Figure 3.2.
1 Study the stability of polynesian model
model model
truss in different bottom frame. 1 2 3
model
1
5
The advantages of the chosen design of polynesian truss include:
1. Stability
Based on SAP2000 software analysis, The outer of the design are formed into
continuous section forms, it means the load can transform to restrain quickly.
2. Strength
The design has the highest ratio of load to structure weight (ratio F/w =
84,002) and the weight of structure itself is classified into the lightest than
other structures which are designed in selection process.
3. Structure Efficiency
The segment number of the design is proportional, not excessive. There is no
member that has length more than 400 mm so that no need to give special
treatment in constructing (e.g.: if the member length used is more than 400
mm, committee required to use the joint).
4. Workability
All the sections of the design are composed by single bars. This eases when
drilling the bar and installing the truss, so that it will shorten the construction
time. In the design, there is no member configuration that intersects each
other which can complicate in constructing the truss.
5. Economic and Aesthetics
The structure needs about 5.863 meters length of timber with section 30 mm
x 40 mm. Even if it is economic but still has high aesthetics because it is
formed into the shape of Joglo.
6
Figure 3.4 The Internal Forces of Polynesian Truss with Loading 250 kg
(Source : Analysis result)
Design load required can’t be less than 200 kg and not more than 300 kg.
According to the analysis, the design load is determined 250 kg. The value of
deflection when it reaches 250 kg load is 1.32 mm. The following is shown the
compression and tension analysis in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Table Compression and Tension Analysis of Loading 250 kg
Normal Force (N) Design (N) Checking
Member
Compression Tension P' T' P' T'
1 - 4162.98 14029.417 - OK
2 - 4154.98 14029.417 - OK
3 - 4154.98 14029.417 - OK
4 - 4154.98 14029.417 - OK
5 - 4154.98 14029.417 - OK
6 - 4162.98 14029.417 - OK
7 4346.61 - 9031.664 OK -
8 4343.19 - 9031.664 OK -
9 1427.12 - 9031.664 OK -
10 1427.12 - 9031.664 OK -
11 4343.19 - 9031.664 OK -
12 4346.61 - 9031.664 OK -
13 4.15 - 9031.664 OK -
14 - 8.05 14029.417 - OK
15 - 2.98 14029.417 - OK
16 1082.51 - 9031.664 OK -
17 2416.77 - 9031.664 OK -
18 266.44 - 9031.664 OK -
19 - 1119.98 14029.417 - OK
20 2416.77 - 9031.664 OK -
21 1082.51 - 9031.664 OK -
22 - 2.98 14029.417 - OK
23 - 8.05 14029.417 - OK
24 4.15 - 9031.664 OK -
(Source : Analysis result)
7
Details of the calculation and analysis of polynesian truss with loading 250 kg
is explained in Appendix B: The Details of Calculation and Analysis of
Polynesian Truss with Loading 250 kg.
8
Normal Force (N) Design (N) Checking
Member
Compression Tension P' T' P' T'
23 - 8.05 14029.417 - OK
24 4.15 - 9031.664 OK -
(Source : Analysis Result)
3.5 Connection
The connection is designed using bolt and plywood plate. The diameter of
bolt used is 9.525 mm with Fyb = 320 Mpa. The thickness of the plywood plate is
4 mm. The following is shown the number of bolt needed.
Table 3.4 The Number of Bolt Needed
Joint Member Z' Zu Zu/Z' Number of bolt
A=G 12 = 7 4235.886 4346.61 1.03 2
1=6 4235.886 4162.98 0.98 1
B=F 1=6 4235.886 4162.98 0.98 1
2=5 4235.886 4154.98 0.98 1
13 = 24 4235.886 4.15 0.00 1
14 = 23 4235.886 8.05 0.00 1
C=E 2=5 4235.886 4154.98 0.98 1
3=4 4235.886 4154.98 0.98 1
15 = 22 4235.886 2.98 0.00 1
D 3 4235.886 4154.98 0.98 1
4 4235.886 4154.98 0.98 1
16 4235.886 1082.51 0.26 1
19 4235.886 1119.98 0.26 1
21 4235.886 2416.77 0.57 1
H=L 7 = 12 4235.886 4346.61 1.03 2
8 = 11 4235.886 4343.19 1.03 2
24 = 13 4235.886 4.15 0.00 1
I=K 8 = 11 4235.886 4343.19 1.03 2
9 = 10 4235.886 1427.12 0.34 1
20 = 17 4235.886 2416.77 0.57 1
21 = 16 4235.886 1082.51 0.26 1
22 = 15 4235.886 2.98 0.00 1
23 = 14 4235.886 8.05 0.00 1
J 17 4235.886 2416.77 0.57 1
18 4235.886 266.44 0.06 1
19 4235.886 1119.98 0.26 1
20 4235.886 2416.77 0.57 1
M 9 4235.886 1427.12 0.34 1
10 4235.886 1427.12 0.34 1
18 4235.886 266.44 0.06 1
Total 57
(Source : Analysis result)
9
CHAPTER 4
DRAWING
FRONT VIEW
UNITS IN mm
10
REFERENCE
11
APPENDIX A : The Details of Polynesian Truss Selection Process
1. Selection to get the best outer frame
5.29
5.38
Model 3
10586.83
7511.45
11,03
5.56
Model 2
15696.25
12333.48
3.57
6.04
Model 1
8648.6
6066.94
Deflection (mm) Weight (kg) Max Compression (N) Max Tension (N)
12
The phase of this selection process is to study the stability of polynesian truss in
different bottom frame. There are 3 alternatives of bottom frame that are given by
committe. The design are analyzed with simulation load on joint in the middle of
polynesian truss. Simulation load is 250 kg to every selection process.
13
2.22
Model 1.4 5.74
5771.25
5633.6
2.24
Model 1.3 5.18
5758.62
5621.27
3.57
Model 1.2 6.04
8648.6
6066.94
2.27
Model 1.1 5,68
5769.84
5632.22
Deflection (mm) Weight (kg) Mas Compression (N) Mas Tension (N)
Figure A-9. Scoring Model 1.1, Model 1.2, Model 1.3, dan Model 1.4
3. Selection to get the best web segment and dimension of polynesian truss
14
1.28
5.7
Model 1.3.3
4355.8
4171.77
1.32
5.42
Model 1.3.2
4350.83
4167.03
1.32
5.28
Model 1.3.1
4346.61
4162.98
Deflection (mm) Weight (kg) Max Compression (N) Max Tension (N)
Figure A-13. Scoring Model 1.3.1, Model 1.3. 2, and Model 1.3.3
15
APPENDIX B: The Details of Calculation and Analysis of Polynesian Truss
with Loading 250 kg
16
250 kg
17
a. Tension Design Calculation
1. Data:
Tension force (Tu) = 4162.980 N
Specific gravity (G) = 0.75 gr/cm3
E = 16000xG0,7
= 13081,660 MPa
Ft = 12.082 MPa
3. Section Dimension:
H (Height of section) = 40 mm
B (Width of section) = 30 mm
Ag (Area of gross section) = H*B = 40 mm*30 mm =1200 mm2
4. Step of Calculation:
An = Ag x 0.7
= 1200 x 0.7
= 840 mm2
Ft’ = Ft x CM x Ct x CF x Ci x Kf x Φt x λ (AWC-NDS2015 Table 4.3.1)
= 12,082 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 0.8 x 2.7 x 0.8 x 0.8
= 16.702 MPa
T’ = Ft’ x An
= 16.702 x 840
= 14029.417 N
18
Checking
Tu ≤ T’
4162.980 N ≤ 14029.417 N (OK)
3. Section Dimension:
H (Height of section) = 40 mm
B (Width of section) = 30 mm
Ag (Area of gross section) = H*B
= 40*30 =1200 mm2
4. Steps of Calculation:
Fc’ = Fc . CM . Ct . Cf . Ci . Kf . Φc . λ
= 28.245 x 0.8 x 1 x 1 x 0.8 x 2.4 x 0.9 x 0.6 = 23.427 MPa
19
Le = Ke .L
= 1 x 261.010
= 261.010 mm
CT =
= 1.015
Emin’ = Emin x Ct x Ci x CT x 1.76 x 0.8
= 4778.845 x 1 x 1 x 1.015 x 1.76 x 0.8
= 6828.262 MPa
FcE =
= 8.239 MPa
Cp = √
= √
= 0.321
FC* = Fc x CM x Ct x Cf x Ci x Kf x CP x Φc . λ
= 28.245 x 0.8 x 1 x 1 x 0.8 x 2.4 x 0.321 x 0.9 x 0.6
= 7.526 MPa
P’ = Fc’ . Ag
= 7.526 x 1200
= 9031.664 N
Checking
Pu ≤ P’
4346.610 N ≤ 9031.664 N (OK)
20
c. Connection Calculation
1. Data:
Zu = 4346.61 N
D (Diameter of bolt) = 9,525 mm
l (Length of bolt) = 50 mm
tm = 20 mm
ts = 20 mm
Fyb (Yield strength ) = 320 MPa
3. Step of Calculation
a) Side bearing strength (Fes)
Fes = 70 x G
= 70 x 0.75
= 52.5 MPa
b) Main bearing strength (Fem)
Fem =
√
=
√
= 39,498 Mpa
21
c) Re =
= 0.752
d) Rt =
=1
e) Reduction term (Rd)
According to AWC-NDS 2015, for bolt with D=9,525 mm, the
reduction term is 4 mm.
f) Lateral design values (Z)
ZIm =
= 1561.317 N
ZIs =
= 4150.519 N
K3 = (-1)+√
= (-1)+√
= 1.384
Zlv = √
= √
= 3271.459 N
g) Adjusted lateral design values (Z’)
Z’ = Z x Cm x Ct x CG x Ceg x Cdi x Ctn x Φz x Kf
= 3271.459 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 0.65 x 3.32
= 4235.886 N
22
h) Number of bolt
Zu n x Z’
4346.610 N n x 4235.886
n 1.026 2
Minimum Edge
Direction of Loading Value
Distance/Spacing
Parallel to grain 1.5 D 15 mm
Perpendicular to grain (5l + 10D)/8 20 mm
Spacing 4D 40 mm
23