Heaven’s light is our guide

Civil Engineering=> Basic Questions &

answers

A Facebook Group by-

Md. Ahsan Habib

RUET 090063

17 March, 2017.

i
 WRITTEN & COLLECTED BY-
BY-
Ahsan Habib
Md Rakibul Islam
Ahmed Hossain
Mohammad Hasan Ali
Md Mahmud Hasan Mamun
Saifur Rahman Shopan
Ibrahim Khalil
Asif Mostafa Anik
Atiqur Rahman Mishu
Golam Kibria Tomal
Golam Morsed Manik
Nur Talukder
Atique Shahariar
and Others…

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR
B.Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)
atik110034@gmail.com

ii
 INDEX
SL No. Subject Name Page No.
01 Surveying 1-2
02 Engineering Materials 3 - 10
03 RCC 11 - 20
04 Structural Engineering 21 - 25
05 Estimation 26 - 30
06 Geotechnical Engineering 31 - 36
07 Transportation Engineering 37 - 42
08 Water Related 43 - 44
09 Abbreviations 45 - 46
10 Miscellaneous 47 - 56

iii
 SURVEYING

Q-1: SURVEYING W.C.B R.B Govt job ।

(a) WCB = Whole Circle Bearing. 0 360 , north pole clockwise

direction ।
(b) RB = Reduced Bearing. 0 90 north or south pole clockwise or
anticlockwise direction ।

Q-2: NAUTICAL MILE

?

! [Equator] " , " # ?

$ # % &'( ।$ % '( । ! ) * + , - ./ 0
, % । ! 1 $ 23 , ! + ?$ 4
5 , &'(*'(=6 ,'(( [) ]

72 2 8 8 9 ।

1
1 Nautical mile=1.852 Km
1 Nautical mile per Hour=1 Knot.

Q-3: LAYOUT OF BUILDING

2 ;< $ 8 layout = ! । 8 2 / > Building plan ? ) 2

+9 @A B Building layout ।

(Height of ground floor level should be 450 mm above the centre line of the front road.)

Q-4: প প.

• C = (D( ×D( ) 'E(( 8

• C = 6( F
• C = &&,((( 8 >
• C = E,E(( 8"
• * F = G6( 8"
• C = && ? H?
• = (( ? H?
• > = G.I6 J

2
 ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Q-1: IDENTIFICATION OF 1ST CLASS BRICK:

i. Faces should be plane
ii. Sharp edges
iii. Well burnt
iv. Gives metallic sound when hit by a hammer
v. It should not break when dropped over another from a height of 1m(3.28ft)
vi. Should be free from cracks
vii. Water absorption: 15% by weight

Q-2: OPC.
OPC=Ordinary Portland Cement (free from fly ash: not sensitive to temperature hence it is more
effective to make a RCC roof slab, flyover)
Initial setting time of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) =30 min.

Q-3: ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF GRANULAR SOILS:

i. Large bearing capacity.
ii. Higher shear strength.
iii. Easy to compaction.
iv. High permeability.
v. Prone to settlement under vibratory loading

Q-4: WHAT IS THE BASIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PORE & VOID?

Md Rakibul Islam: I think when void is filled up with water then it is pore. Void may
contain air but not pore.
Ahsan Habib: Ei question ta sir amk koiekbar korsilo.actually there is no difference.
Atiqul Islam: , pore pass । void
।and pore void.

3
Q-5: SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
The specific gravity of a material is defined as the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a
material to the mass density of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. Specific gravity of
soil solids is written as,
Gs = ρs / ρw (1)
where, ρs and ρw are the mass density of the soil solids and mass per unit volume of water
respectively.

Q-6: Concrete, Water, Brick Unit Weight ।

• concrete: 2400 kg/m3 (150 lb/ft3),

• Brick: 1900kg/m3 (120 lb/ft3),
• Water: 1000 kg/m3 (62.4 lb/ft3).

ছ unit weight !:

Name --------------Unit weight (kg/m3)

• Wood –-----------------1200
• Cement -- --------------1440
• Aggregate--------------1450-1550
• Dry sand –------------- 1780
• Wet sand –- -----------1920
• Compacted sand –---2080
• Steel - ------------------7850

Q-7: WHERE ANGULAR SHAPE AND ROUND SHAPE AGGREGATES ARE USED?
Angular shape => Flexible pavement
Round shape => Rigid pavement

4
 " #$ angular shape aggregate %& # ! ':

=> Angular shape aggregate interlocking properties, round shape aggregate %&.

=> Angular shape aggregate surface area, round shape aggregate %& । ' Angular
shape aggregate bond strength %&.

Q-8: WHY IS DESERT SAND NOT USED FOR CONSTRUCTION?

The grains of desert sand are finer and smoother when compared to ordinary construction sand
because of the extended weather effects of the desert. Now, if the sand particles are very smooth,
their surface chemistry would not be able to offer sufficient number of multidirectional chemical
linkages. Similarly if their size is too small, the slurry would slip and the concrete would have
poor strength. And since strength is the most important thing in construction, the concrete would
be useless if it has low strength. Thus desert sand is not used.

Q-9: CAUSES OF DAMPNESS IN A BUILDING:

i. Rising of moisture from ground.
ii. Rain travel from wall tops.
iii. Rain beating against external walls.
iv. Condensation.
v. Poor drainage, defective construction, imperfect roof slope etc.

Q-10: DPC:
DPC means Damp Proof Course. ! ( ) *+ $ , -
।

5
List of DPC:
i. Flexible materials like butyl rubber, hot bitumen, plastic sheets, bituminous felts, sheets
of lead, copper, etc.
ii. Semi-rigid materials like mastic asphalt.
iii. Rigid materials like impervious bricks, stones, slates, cement mortar or cement concrete
painted with bitumen, etc.
iv. Stones Mortar with waterproofing compounds.
v. Coarse sand layers under floors.
vi. Continuous plastic sheets under floors.

$ . / 0 +: 1 ছ$ /2 % % DPC 3 14 5 6 $
# !# । 74 5 6 DPC । $ ! $ ! 8 #! ছ?
Ahmed Hossain: taito mone hocce. Double layer hoe gelo na?
$ . / 0 +: $ ! ! $ DPC 9 ! ! ! # ! ।

Q-11: FIELD TEST OF CEMENT:

1. ছ cement # $+ ! $ $ !$ , cement ছ: # , $ ! # ! cement.

2. ; < $= /$ , > ? 0 #@$ , $ ! # ! cement.

3. ; $ $! $ 1 A! BC /$ , soft , $ ! # ! cement.

6
Q-12: STANDARD SIEVE NUMBERS AND OPENINGS.

Q-13: THE THREE IMPORTANT FM.

(a). Fineness Modulus: Sieve analysis ' retained $ cumulative 100 #<
$ !

Fineness Modulus 6 । Sand Fineness Modulus " , #$ , coarse aggregate

Fineness Modulus D.E , F #$ ।

• Local sand, FM = 0.5 to 0.8

• Coarse sand or sylhet sand, FM = 2.5
• Domar sand or dimla sand, FM = 2.63
• At improved sub grade 0.5 to 0.8 FM sand should be used.
The fineness modulus of sand shall be...

• FOR concrete----------1.8 (minimum).

• Mortar-------------1.5 (minimum).
• Filling sand-----------0.8 (minimum).
Nurul Islam: Mortar .......... 1.2 (minimum) [recheck it]
Vity Sand (dredge filling sand) .................. 0.2 (minimum).

(b). Frog Mark: brick । + , brick bond $# ! Frog Mark ।

ছ 1 manufacturing company 6 Frog Mark ।

(c). Fouling Mark: " railway track point < join / fouling mark ।"
train #$ side collision B fouling mark ।

See the figure given below:

7
Q-14: SLUMP TEST:
Slump test is an indirect measurement of the workability of fresh concrete

Types_of_Slump:
i. True slump: Slump value= (75 – 100) mm,
ii. Shear slump: Slump value= (150 – 200) mm,
iii. Collapse slump: Slump value > 200 mm.

8
Q-15: IS IT ACCURATE?

Mrinmoy Roy: How to calculate cement mortar for brick masonry?

Adi Thakur: 30% of brick work.

Q-16: FILL IN THE GAPS.

(a) 1 cu ft =-- bricks
(b) 1 sq ft=-- bricks
(c) 10 cu ft= -- bag cement
(d) 1 MPa=-- KN/sqm
(e) BRIDGE SPAN > -- ft (Bridge and culvert er span. Length.)
(f) std. window width=--
(g) std. door width=--

Ahsan Habib: (a) 12, (b) 7 or 8, (c) 8 bag cement, (f) 30 to 32 inch,
(g) Standard main exterior door is 36" Secondary exterior doors are usually 32". Interior
doors are 28", 30", 32", or 36".
Shakhawat Hossain: (b) 3 bricks, (e) bridge span>20 ft.
Md Rakibul Islam: For bridge span > 6 m or 20 ft.

9
Q-17: SOME SHORT QUESTIONS.
Q-1: What is the volume of per bag cement?
-1.25 cu ft (112 lbs)
Q-2: what is the weight of per bag cement?
-50kg
Q-3: How much water absorb of a brick if the brick take rest for 24 hours submerged in the
water?
-1/5 or 1/6 of the brick wt.
Q-4: what is the measurement of a brick?
-9.5in*4.5in*2.75in (without mortar), 10in*5in*3in (with mortar)
Q-5: What is the weight of a first class brick?
-3.85 kg
Q-6: Which sand is mostly used for construction in Bangladesh?
- Domar sand or Dimla sand.
Q-7: Cement concrete consist of cement, sand & brick khoa?
-1:2:4 0r 1:3:6.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

B. Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)

atik110034@gmail.com

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

Q-01: SOME DEFINITIONS

a) Working stress: Allowable stress to which a structural member can be subjected.
b) Bearing stress: When load is transferred from one surface to another in contact, the
stress is known as bearing stress.
c) Modulus of elasticity (E): Ratio of longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain within
elastic region.
d) Shear modulus of elasticity/modulus of rigidity: Ratio of shear stress to shear strain
within the elastic region.
e) Bulk modulus of elasticity: Ratio of hydrostatic stress (or volumetric stress) to
volumetric strain within the elastic region.
f) Elastic Curve: The edge view of the neutral surface of a deflected beam is called the
Elastic curve.

Q-02: BEAM
Structural member subjected to bending moments and shearing forces due to transverse loading.
Minimum size of beam according to BNBC and ACI code-

• BNBC code= 10" * 12"

• ACI code= 12" * 12"

Design Considerations of a Beam:

1) Bending moment & shear force
2) Deflection
3) Bearing stress
4) Buckling.

Types of beam:
1. Cantilever beam.
2. Simply supported beam.
3. Overhanging beam.
4. Fixed beam.
5. Continuous beam.

11
Q-03: BEAM ANALYSIS
Beam analysis beam size assume । thumb-rule ,
Beam span length feet depth provide । Beam length 15
feet minimum depth 15 inch analysis । analysis conventional
depth provide ।

Q-04: COLUMN
A column is a compression member that transmits through compression the weight of the above
structure to other structural elements below.

• Short column: slenderness ratio</=12

• Long column: slenderness ratio >/= 12

According to ACI code:

i. Minimum diameter of spiral column 10 in.
ii. Least dimension of rectangular column 8 in gross area 96 sq in ! .
iii. Reinforcement ratio of longitudinal steel 0.01 " 0.08 ! ।
iv. Minimum size for longitudinal bars- No. 5
v. Spiral column 6 bar provide .
vi. Tied column at least 4 bar provide .

Q-05: FOOTING
Footing minimum thickness 8 in provide । Foundation design clear cover 3 inch
# soil contact $ steel corrosion ।

Minimum thickness 8 in %! $:
Footing upper & lower portion 3 inch clear cover %! ( 6 inch) & ' gap
2 inch । construction normally 3/4 inch down-graded aggregate use । 2 inch gap '(
direction reinforcement provide ! ' at least aggregate easily
footing minimum thickness 8 inch # । (Lecture of MAA and BA sir).

12
 Q-06: SLAB

Q-07: A SITE ENGINEER SHOULD CHECK WHILE A SLAB IS BEING CAST

I. Spacing of the reinforcement.
II. Is the shear connectors are tied properly?
III. Is the concrete blocks (provided for maintaining clear cover and dimension of the slab)
are of due height?
IV. Is the reinforcements are straight?
V. Alignment of the prop. (Checked using sprit level).
VI. Placement of the chairs (Chairs are also used to maintain the dimensions of the slab.
Generally made of MS bar of #3) should be over the concrete blocks.
VII. The MS bars of the beam must enter into the column.
VIII. Crank length should be checked which is generally L/4 (here L is the span of the room).

Q-08: CLEAR COVER

(To provide clear cover of beam, column, pile etc.)

• Slab: 0.75 inch.

• Beam: 1.50 in.
• Grade beam: 3 inch because contact with soil.
• Footing: 3 in.
• Column (superstructure / Ground level ) ): 1.50 in.
• Column (substructure / Ground level *): 2.50- to 3 in.

* + % $ contact , + *।

13
Q-09: SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the difference between CEM-1 and CEM-2 type cement?
2. Why No. 3 & No. 4 bar are only used in slab?
3. Why beam shear check is considered at‘d’ distance from the face of the column?
4. Why punching shear check is considered at "d/2" distance from the face of the column?
5. Why minimum footing thickness is considered as 8 inch?
Tushar Ahmed:
1. Cem -I: OPC (95% CLINKER); good for slab, beam, column casting.
Cem -II: PPC (clinker mixing with slag, flash, fiber etc.); good for plastering work.
2. The rebar dia should not exceed 1/8 of total thickness. I think #3 bar is easy to bend.
3. The dispersion angle is 45 degree for this the critical condition of vertical section is located at
d distance which is equal to the effective depth.
4. If the footing depth is less the column may punch through the footing at d/2 distance.

Q-10: WHAT IS THE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH?

structure steel bar , continuous , connection joint । %& Development

Length % critical - , structure fail ।

Development Length ./ formula & 0। 1 Minimum Development_Length 12 inch.

(According to ACI code, chapter 12)। Development Length field !

This development length depends on various parameters.

1. Grade of steel
2. Grade of concrete
3. Diameter of steel bar
4. Type of steel bar and so on.
The development length may be defined as the length of the bar required on either side of the
section to develop the required stress in steel at that section.
The Development length is the embedded length of the reinforcement required to develop the
design strength of the reinforcement at a critical section.

14
Q-11: BASIC DIFFERENCE STRESS AND STRENGTH
# 2 ) external load apply # 3 per unit area internally + load
4 % , resist stress.

& strength 5 2 %6 stress fail &- 67... maximum stress

strength 0. Engineering . & strength yield stress, fy 3'

& stress area ) .6 1 strength area ) .6 ।

Q-12: CORNER REINFORCEMENT

special reinforcement slab top bottom corner % ।

• Slab exterior corner torsion develop resist corner reinforcement

% ।
• BNBC code " 3 +, corner larger span length 1/5 th 67 corner reinforcement %
।
• Top corner reinforcement parallel direction % .
• Bottom corner reinforcement perpendicular direction % ।

Q-13: DIFFERENCE ONE WAY SLAB AND TWO WAY SLAB?

& % answer, L / S ratio (large span small span ratio) 2 two way slab, 2 +
one way slab.

1 * correct answer support % # 3 ' one way two way. % 1 direction

support oneway, & support % 2 direction two way slab.

15
 Ashraful R. Imran: 8 – slab % # 3 chance & 0 one way two way?
Ahsan Habib: Support condition dekte hobe, taholei bojha jabe.
Ashraful R. Imran: &9 : Slab one way two way 3 ) 9,
(a) L/S ratio and (b)Support condition.
8 9 % slab % l/d ratio one way 1 support condition & two
way , 3' ) ?
Ahsan Habib: Tokhn l/s ratio dekha jabe na, tokhn support condition dekte hobe. etai to
bujhate chailam 1 no pic ta te, okhane dekho l/s onujai two way howar kotha but one way
hobe.
Kew jodi ask kore one r two way r majhe difference kothai tokhn l/s eta na bole, support
condition dekhe bolte hobe.

Q-14: DIFFERENCE CULVERT AND BRIDGE?

i. Span length 20ft (6m) culvert, Span length 20ft (6m) + bridge.
ii. Culvert ; + water passage , bridge ; + traffic passage .
iii. Culvert floor , bridge .
iv. culvert e nevigation facility nai kintu bridge e nevigation facility ase.

16
Q-15: CRACK.

& . - < %# % 0। 3 ? &9 < ? 8 > +%

? । 8 1 )@ %! A । < (Crack) B " 6
%4 C ‘D4 *C’। & < % . %# % C > +% # E3
- ।& . ./ D4 %# % ।

6 F !" . D4 %# % । G

I. + ! -H % + " I+ . ,
II. 0 %- + - % J . + K ". 7 & L& L
I+ . M3 * ,
III. I+ % N O- I+ P- ! # & % । L $ Q
D %# % ।

0 C !…………………………………

. A % .@ * 67 P 6 , ! . .@
* *3 *3 P 6 - 6 . * & । "
D P + / " R P/ ST D . D %# % ।
. & C C - 0- ! - 0 C SU S 6 .
.@ " R & D . D %# % ।
V + I+ 3 R 0 WXYY psi - I+ Z
। 1 %# " A % ". $ > + [T 6 6 %
C - 0। I+ * C \3 & * C F। I+ . )] +
< D I+ R ।" % I+ R 3^ 6 . । L
R _/ I+ % M $ . D4 %# % ।

17
 I+ # 3 %6 T & 0। * $ % &- # #
<+ : $6 R " 6 &- ) * & । $ I+ D %# % ।
A ) ". + 0 % I+ 6 R& । % 6 ` ,ab
% ।
I+ M %A . c ! I+ ' D4 03 "
> +-$ - d I+ । - d I+ $. D4 %# % ।
I+ M ) % G P, , # । %, - #
) % % ; + I+ # ! . R _/ ।
. % ef D4 %# % 5 % ' 9" ।
D4 " Q - D4 । ( g7 $ । 3 6 $
D & 3R । % - + &- . . Xh EP . # ,
% - 3 + eT . . ) $ D4 & । 0 C %# I+
& % -H % T -H D4 & i $ ।

Q-16: SHEAR WALL DESIGN. (Asif Mostafa Anik)

18
Q-17. DETAILS OF-
(1) Flat slab, (with drop panel & without drop panel) & (2) Flat plate.

Q-18: THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF CONCRETE.

1. Reinforced cement concrete (RCC): It is made of steel bar (reinforcement) and
concrete used to bear tensile & compressive stress in building component such as
Column, Beam and Slab. It is measured in Cubic meter.
2. Plain cement concrete (PCC): The mixture of cement, Fine aggregate (sand) and Coarse
aggregate is called Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) / Concrete without reinforcement. It is
used for providing a non-porous, firm & level space for laying RCC & also used under
flooring. It also used as filler like lump concrete which is mixer of PCC & boulder. It is
measured in Cubic meter.

19
3. Damp proof concrete (DPC): It is a type of PCC in which 10 mm below aggregate is
used with water proofing compound. This DPC is used at plinth level in Brick wall so
that water does not rise by capillary action from ground through wall below plinth to wall
above plinth (inside room). DPC is generally 50 mm thick & measured in Square meter.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

B. Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Q-01: TYPES OF BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO BNBC

i. Residential
ii. Educational
iii. Institutional
iv. Health Care
v. Assembly
vi. Business & Mercantile
vii. Industrial
viii. Storage
ix. Hazardous
x. Miscellaneous

Q-02: BANGLADESH BRIDGES

• Suspension Bridge: Rangamati.

• Truss Bridge: Hardinge Bridge.
• Longest Bridge: Padma Bridge (6150m).
• Bangabandhu Bridge: 11th longest Bridge in the world.

Q-03: WORLD LARGEST:-

• Largest Bridge in the World: Danyang- Kunshan Grand Bridge, China (Length 164800
m).
• Largest Building of the World: Burj Khalifa in Dubai (Height 828m).
• Largest Gravity Dam of the world: Bhakra Dam, India (length 518.25m).

Q-04: ‘ ’ ! চ
চ#$ % & ('(%) ) ।
Rüdiger Lainer and Partner plans to construct the world’s tallest wooden skyscraper next year in
Vienna’s Seestadt Aspern area.
76 percent of the 84-meter tower is expected to be made from wood rather than concrete, saving
approximately 2,800 tonnes of Carbon di oxide emissions (equivalent to driving a car 25 miles a
day for 1,300 years!!!)

21
Q-05: WHAT IS A TALL BUILDING ACCORDING TO ENGINEERING POINT OF
VIEW?

Md Rakibul Islam: Tall building varies city to city (KJS Sir). According to BNBC above
20 m height (6 Storey) is called high rise building.
: J shokol building design er shomoy wind load er effect consider kora hoi,
seguloi engineer point of view theke lall building.
Nurul Islam: Definition of tall buildings:
A ‘tall building’ is a building whose height creates different conditions in the design,
construction and use than those that exist in common buildings of certain region and
period. From the point of view of structural engineer, the determination of the structural
system for a tall building structure would ideally involve the selection and arrangement
of the major structural elements to resist most efficiently the various
combinations of gravity and lateral loading. A major consideration affecting the structural
system is the intended function of the building, which a building is going to serve.
As per BNBC..........
Structures or buildings where the highest occupiable (Top Slab level) floor is located
more than 20 m (65ft) above the grade level around the building is called a tall building.

Q-06: * + % +% , - Exposure .% ।
etabs exposure A, B, C , A or B or C ... sir earthquake
analysis 6th semester ..

(a) Exposure A: Urban and suburban areas, industrial areas, wooded areas, hilly areas.

(b) Exposure B: Air fields, open park lands, sparsely builtup outskirts of towns, flat open country
and grasslands.
(c) Exposure C: Flat and unobstructed open terrain, coastal areas and riversides facing large
bodies of water, over 1.5 km or more in width.
22
Q-07: BULKING & BUCKLING.

• Bulking: Volume expansion due to presence of moisture. Generally occurred in sand.

• Bucking: Side-way failure/expansion of member subjected to highly compressive stress.
Generally occurred in column and rails (Rails bulking).
(Rail er joint e buckling hoy..ar column e buckling er karone blasting failure hoyeche.)

Q-08: ASSUMPTIONS FOR AN IDEAL TRUSS:

a) All forces are applied at the joint.
b) Bars are connect concentrically by frictionless hinges.
c) Each bar is subjected to axial stress only and this stress is constant along its length.
Practically 100% frictionless possible na. Just assumption eta.

Atiqul Islam: truss analysis / ! ।

Example: roof truss analysis. ! joint fixed "" ।
Md Rakibul Islam: Truss e to moment thakbe na . So fixed na.
Atiqul Islam: ! # develop । $ % - % &
% simple structure ' " ।
Lutfor Rahman Rony: according to tahur ahmed sir, truss e ektar beshi bolt use kra manei
fixed kore dea. bastob khetre onkshmy welding o kora hoi joint e ja truss er joint ke fixed
kore dey. ashle truss frictionless kagoje kolomei, bastbe puroi vinno.

Q-09: SHORING
The construction of a temporary structure required to support an unsafe structure.
23
 Ahsan Habib: Shoring ta ki onekta braced cut er moto naki?
Md Rakibul Islam: Shoring-Inclined, horizontal , vertical hote pare. Inclined- use for
unsafe wall, horizontal- use for two adjacent parallel walls of two buildings, vertical- use
for unsafe roofs, floors, walls.

Q-10: BRACING SYSTEM OF STEEL FRAMES: (ANGLE BRACING.

24
Q-11: RETROFITTING
() Retrofitting * । + , Retrofitting existing structure
-. ( /( ) 0 % 1 ।
Retrofitting % 2 03 (Jacketing) * 4 । % Building
column strengthening 5 6 1 ।

• Jacketing 6 ।
7
(a) Steel Jacketing
(b) Reinforced concrete Jacketing
(c) Fiber Reinforced polymer composite(FRPC) Jacketing.

• Purpose for Jacketing:

(a) To increase concrete confinement.
(b) To increase shear strength.
(c) To increase flexural strength.

( 787 9 % - 2 03 ।)

25
 ESTIMATION

Q-1:
(a) Building Minimum Plot size 65 sq. m (700 sq.ft or ) ।
(b) Height of building 20 m (6 storeyed) high rise building ।

Q-2: SPECIFICATIONS ।

150 6 ।
!" # !" : 2.75 $ ,% 9.5 &' $ , ( )*' 2.4
$ ।
+* 2.75 $ ,% 5 &' $ , ( )*' 1.8 $
।
$ $ , - 2 $ , 1.8 &' $ ।
. " 2.2 $ ,% 3 &' $ ।
& ( / 2.4 $ ,% ( / 2.5 $ X 5 $ ।
0 চ20 1 $ , " 1.5 $ , 3 4 2 $ , () ( চ20 (/
250 , $ ( 150 , 5 & -0 - ( 6" ) 2.2 $ ।
% - 7 % - 3 (/ চ - ) 8
a) & % 2 , ) & &(
b) & % 2 , 9 & &
c) % 2 , %$ & &।

Q-3: ! " # $ % " & ' #(!

( ) :" 2 & 8; 3 < =$ & 8; :> $ &।
(?) @" 2 & 8; 3 < =$ & 8; :@ > $ &।
(A) & 8; . B CD B ) । @ B 2 )2 5 ।
(D) চ 9 ! 3 < =$ A> $ &।
(@) ( $ $ ) - ।E> ( $ $ ) => (* =; $) - । => F8' G )*' !3 B ) ) ।
(H) ! C => । 38 =; $ % । ( :" ÷ ? = :.IAA) ! & 8; 2
. => ।
(J) * $ $ & 8; 2 E?: ।

26
(I) & C( &? $ ।
(E) :: . =.> K :D F ; ( C &? &।
( :) & 8; K :@ F ; ( C) । . L 6 (; "M % Nচ = 6 (; "M
( 15
( ) ! K :3 F ; ( C) । ! (; "M 6-7 । ! !
( ?) 3 . =.> $ = ! =:.:?A@ C &।
( A) 90 > $ ( = (E.@"x D.@"x ?.J@ ) ! = ( :"x@"xA")

Convert:

• 10 mm =1 cm
• 100 cm = 1 m ( $ )
• 1" = 25.4 mm
• 1" = 2.54 cm
• 39.37" = 1 m
• 12" = 1' Fit
• 3' = 1 Yard (& )
• 1 Yard = 36"
• 72 Fit = 1 bandil.

6 :

• 1" = 8 sut ( ; )
• 1/2" = 4 sut ( ; )
• 1/4 = 2 sut ( ; )
• 1/8 = 1 sut ( ; )

6 2 :

• I $ =; $ 6 2 = :. ?: ।
• : $ =; $ 6 2 = :. II ।
• ? $ =; $ 6 2 = :.?J:H ।
• H $ =; $ 6 2 = :.DI ? ।
• ?: $ =; $ 6 2 = :.J@ I ।
• ?? $ =; $ 6 2 = :.E:EJ ।
• ?@ $ =; $ 6 2 = . JDJ ।

27
- :

• > $ = :. cft - ।
• :: > $= cft - ।
• ::: > $= . cft - ।

• :: sft @" & 8; :@ F ; ( C &? &।

• :: sft :" & 8; :@ F ; ( C &D &। ; & ?D cft। O
• :: cft O :?:D F ; ( C J &, ; DA cft, - IH cft &
• cft O :?:D F ; ( C :. J, ; :.DA cft, - :.IH cft &।

Q-4: (REBAR) International ) ) Kg/m --

Formula: ; d= diameter of Rebar.

.

5 : 5 ) 8 mm bar , d=10, = 0.395 Kg/m, local P $ ? ; ।

.

% 9; চ ) :

• 10 mm = 0.612 kg/m = A ;
• 12 mm = 0.89 kg/m = D ;
• 16 mm = 1.58 kg/m = @ ;
• 20 mm = 2.47 kg/m = H ;
• 25 mm = 3.85 kg/m = I ;

Q-5: ESTIMATE * $ + , $- ।
1. * $ $ &Q 8; 3চ $ 3 = D : >।
2. * =; $ $ &Q 8; 3চ $ 3 = .JH= ? >
3. * $ $ &Q 8; R $ 3 = @:: >।
4. * =; $ $ &Q 8; R $ 3 = D.?I >।
5. &' $ & B $ S$ ! $ 3 =A >।
6. &' $ ! চ 3 =:.: @ * $
7. &' $ & B $ ! T $ 3 =@? >।

28
8. &' $ ! T চ 3 =:.:A * $
9. $ &Q 8; U V ( =A@%
10. * $ C=A: &....
11. &' $ $ C= ! (NCF) C 3 =?.J-A
12. 6 ( (6 ( C 2 @% F8' G 3 & C ?.@ ।
13. * $ . 6 2 =JI@: JI.@: W C
14. & C 2 =@: !% =:.:ADJ * $
15. & $ C 2 =D:
16. % ) 5 & /X= /X= @:%-@H% 2 চ ।
17. ! $ ) *' T ! $ ( = /. ?J=I >।
18. % . . Y 3 $ . .6 2 ' ; X =d2/ H?.? ।
19. * $ 9$ - $ 3 A?: > ! 0 - A:: >।
20. % . . Y 3 . .6 )' * ' ; X = H?.?/d2 $
21. ' Z চ ["M A: $ ! \ ["M .@ $ ।
22. ] ^ 90 (! ?DD !^ DDD % , $ ^ 90 (! A:D !^ H:D.
23. 9 ) - ,চ; , ; F ; ( =J:?:?
24. (> $ ! ; 37 H: ! ; & $ ।
25. 2 ; E: !& $' .@ $ ।
26. $' _ H $ ! ` _ H $
27. ` a 6 a ।
28. b > 3 )*' : ( .I:, ?.?:, ?.@:, ?.I:, A.?:) $ ! 37 :.I: $ ! b & I .
29. $ . F c 2 =:.::JI@
30. > $ d ( B C ?: &
31. > $ d ( B $ 333 >
32. > $ d Qচ B C A &।

Q-6:
For 100 cft brick work, the no. of bricks required 1152.
The mortar (1:4 ratio) for 100 cft brick work required about 7.5 cft of cement (6 bags) and 30 cft
sand. (N.B: 1 truck sand =200 cft)

29
Q-7: FOR 10MX10M ROOF SLAB (NOT CONTINUOUS).
If use reinforcement 10mm dia rod @ 10cm c/c,
Length of steel = (10x10)/0.1 = 1000m.
Weight of 1000m steel@ 0.62 kg/m = 620 kg
And use 10mm dia rod @ 20 cm c/c,
length=(10x10)/ 0.2=500 m
Wt. of 500m @0.62 kg/m=310 kg.
Total Wt. = 620+310=930 kg.

Bar (mm) --- unit wt.(kg/m)

6-----------0.222
8-----------0.400
10-----------0.620
12-----------0.888
16-----------1.579
20-----------2.466
22-----------2.983
25-----------3.854
32-----------6.313
40-----------9.864

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

B. Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)

atik110034@gmail.com
…………………………………………………………………………………………………........

30
 GEOTECHNICAL ENGG.

Q-1: COMPACTION & CONSOLIDATION.

• Compaction = removal of the air voids
• Consolidation = removal of all air, water voids.

Q-2: STABILITYOF FOUNDATION DEPENDS ON:

• The bearing capacity of the soil beneath the foundation
• The settlement of the soil beneath the foundation.

Q-3: Soil Bearing Capacity ,

1 SPT value= 0.15 Ton per Square Feet (Empirical Formulae).

Standard penetration test N value ।

1 N value is equivalent to 0.15 tsf.

Q-4. WRITE SOME METHODS TO IMPROVE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL.

i. Increasing the depth of footing.
ii. Draining of sub-soil water.
iii. Driving sand piles.
iv. Ramming the granular material like crushed stone in the soil.

Q-5: SENSITIVITY OF CLAYS:

The ratio of unconfined compression strength of undisturbed soil to
unconfined compression strength of soil in remolded state without change in the water content

Q-6: WHAT IS LIQUEAFACTION?

Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially
saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually
earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.
• Reduction of shear strength of soil.

31
 • Flowing of ground water upward during fully submerged condition.
• Quick condition of soil.

Q-7: Parameter Test:

Bearing Capacity:
(1) Plate load test method & (2) Penetration test method.

Soil Classification:
(1) USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) & (2) AASHTO,

Soil Classification Test:

(1) Grain size analysis,
(a) Sieve analysis (Coarser materials) &
(b) Hydrometer analysis ( Finer materials)
(2) Consistency or Atterberg Limit Test

Liqid limit:
(1) Cassagrand's method & (2) Cone penetrometer method

Preconsolidation pressure / Compression Index Cc/ Swelling Index Sc:

e - logP curve

Compaction_lab:
(1) Standard proctor test & (2) Modified proctor test.

Compaction field:
(1) Calcium carbide method &
(2) Proctor needle method

Co-efficient of permeability (K): (Lab)

(1) Constant head method &
(2) Falling head method

Co-efficient of consolidation ( Cv):

(1) Logarithm of time method &
(2) Square root of time method

Shear strength parameter:

(1) Direct shear test,
(2) Tri-axial shear test,
(3) Unconfined compression test &
(4) Vane shear test.

32
 Stress path:
(1) MIT stress path &
(2) Cambridge stress path.

B-value/ A-value: Triaxial test.

Q-8: GRID LINES.

Grid lines are line in a property laid to indicate location of the piles, column etc. Generally in a
plan grid lines are drawn and then in turn is laid on the ground.
Characteristics:
i. Any intersecting point of two grid line are perpendicular.
ii. Along a direction grid lines are parallel to each other.
iii. Diagonal of a rectangle or square formed by the grid lines are equal in length.

How to plot the grids on the property or ground:

One of the toughest job an engineer has to perform on the site. Because it is mentally challenging
also physically taunting-
i. First we have to choose a grid line of any direction. And according to the dimension on
the plan from the edge of the two ends they are laid.
ii. Now just plot the distance of the other grid of that direction on thread. We have our grid
of one direction.
iii. Now again we have to choose another grid perpendicular to the grid laid. And by pointing
the distance on any two grid line laid previously we will have our chosen grid plotted.
iv. Now by pointing distance of other grid from the laid grid we will have our full grid line
plotted on the ground or property.
Precaution:
i. Measurement tape should be as straight as possible.
ii. Diagonal check has to be carried out.
iii. To indicate the grid nylon thread are generally should be used.

Q-9: - - :

। ! " #$ %।
& $#' (& % )*+ # , - । . +/ 0 + # , -1 %।

33
 ?
- 23 + 4 5 - 6 4 + - (1 + $7 8
& (1 9 6, , , Aggregates ( % % ) #
। + ! । 9 :,# ; ) < < = 5 - +
> । 9 ; 4 % ।
?
- = 5 - $ 4? @ - । A ,B ,
C । + 6 4 । , 9 =
D D $ 4? E ! <। 6 E
।
+ $7 + A / 4 ?
a) 5 - + 4 । < = F = F 4 ।
b) ; - $7 %।
( ?
- G - H+# I , $ D& ( < D# । (< # !7
$# J , ! 7 D G $# J । G , 9 AK-AL ; M
।
, 9 A #& & G , । ,
, N $। ! I1 , । 4 ( !
। + E + + ।

Mohammad Hasan Ali: $G % Engineering

$ ( % %O , ( . G 3 PK-BK ;
$7 । ! " 4 + ।$ + & %.

Q-10: - - :

,Q , = AK # , )H AK - । ,
-R , । + @ , 6 ( 4 । )H
, , AK - ( ( CL ।

& ,! F, + 4 + & ) CL datum

4S 9 ।

+ & Q । -P % , ;T , 6 ( , # , aggregate
% ) ( U9 ।

34
 • point-A - point-B A ; V-#।
• ) HA - $ ( P ;# ;T & , B - B ; ;T & ।

N G । , :Q। G , 9
AK-AL ; 4S । ,Q , CK ; , - । # $ &T
- W-X Y , < । Z#
।

! AL ; , $ । ,
4 2 - ।
! + [। &# ।

, $\ ; ( , ] %# [ - । ,
$ ,# U% ^ - ।

Q-11: :
;4 _ = ? EQ` # 9। ] ;4 _ ? ? # ;4 _
$ %# ।
+ b : $ ,Q 6 BXC 4_। ,
Pc Y PA Y। & )H; Pc X PA = PdA Y। ! Y 6 BXC/PdA
=A 4_ AKKK 4_। & 6 $( 4 ( , 6 ।
+( %O -- $ ।

, , A . . ; A X AKKK = CKKK ! ;# CKKK/PCC = AX 4_ ! Y ।

# & (& F $ ) - = 6 AKKK/AX = WA E । # b
WA E < ( । ;4 _ WA X PdA = ABKC Y ABKC/PCC
= Pc ;# ।
+ 6 %< : $ ,Q R % 6 ) 6 । M
;4 _ R 6 ;4 _ , + %< ( । , +e 6
;4 _ , + %< , $( +e 6 +e ।---

• ;4 _ f $ 4 ? (< ।
• ? &। $ # +# 6 (+# , 6) 9 ?
$ ।
• ? $ ) । ? D# #J ।

35
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

B. Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)

atik110034@gmail.com

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

36
 TRANSPORTATION ENGG.

Q-1: MAJOR DISCIPLINES / PARTS OF TRANSPORTATION ENGG.

i. Transportation planning
ii. Geometric design
iii. Pavement design
iv. Traffic engg.

Q-2: SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITION

• Strength=> resistance to compressive load.

• Toughness=> resistance to impact.
• Hardness=> resistance to abrasion.
• Soundness=> resistance to weathering action.

Q-3: COHESION & ADHESION

• Cohesion: Cohesion is the attraction of one water molecule to another resulting from
hydrogen bonding V (water-water bond).
• Adhesion: Adhesion is similar to cohesion except with adhesion involves the attraction of
a water molecule to a non-water molecule (water-solid bond).

37
Q-4: Direct Road Provide .

(Actually Vehicle speed control use )

• Speed breaker: Provide ।

• Rumble strip: strip provide । height speed breaker
। Rajshahi New degree college rumble strip ।
• Zebra crossing: Road across white painting । crossing point indicate
provide effectiveness ।

Q-5: MODES OF FRICTION:

Friction has five modes.

• Dry friction occurs between two solid bodies,

• Fluid frction is also known as viscosity,
• Lubricated friction where two solids are separated by a liquid layer,
• Skin friction opposes a moving solid in a liquid, and
• Internal friction causes the internal components of a solid to make friction.

Q-6: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SKID AND SLIP

• Slip: no linear displacement occurs (l< 2* pi * r).

• Skid: linear displacement occurs ( l > 2* pi *r)

38
Q-7: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT AND RIGID PAVEMENT

• Flexible pavement: Bitumen pavement (Talaimari road)

• Rigid pavement: Concrete pavement (RUET road)

Atiqul Islam: ! " effective?

Ahsan Habib: Flexible pavement portion # $ , % rigid pavement
concrete pavement portion # & road .
Condition '( depend । concrete pavement ) *
+ , % concrete pavement ) driver , glare ( - .
&) / # । ) highway road bituminous pavement। 0 load distibution
important factor.

39
Q-8: DOWEL BAR TIE BAR ?

, pictute 1 road pavement transverse joint longitudinal joint & 2।

Dowel bar slab transverse joint , Tie bar slab longitudinal joint ।

Joint faulting 3 corner cracking dowel bar , Transverse cracking

tie bar ।

40
Q-9: PURPOSE OF DOWEL BAR
i. To effectively transfer the load between two concrete slabs.
ii. To keep the two slabs in same height.
(N.B. Dowel bars are provided in the direction of traffic).

Q-10: WHAT IS CREEP?

a) Additional deflection after removing external loading @ RCC beam
b) Longitudinal deformation due to moving of wheel @ rail.

Q-11: BLEEDING:
4 'Bleeding' 5 , % & 2 'Concrete' Bleeding ।

6 & .7 & 8& 9 'Bleeding of Concrete' ।

: ;3 6 'Fine Particle' , & 8& 3 , ।

Bleeding & -
<. 'Abrasion resistant' .
=. 'Reinforcement' 'Aggregate' 'Bonding' .

: ;3 9 & -
<. > 'Fineness' 0
=. 'Hydration' 0 'C3S, C3A, Alkali' &
?. 'Pozzolan'

41
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

B. Sc. in Civil Engineering (RUET)

atik110034@gmail.com

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

42
 WATER RELATED

Q-01: NOTCH, WEIR & SYPHON

• Notch: an opening provided in the side of the tank or vessel such that the liquid surface
in the tank is below the top edge of the opening.
• Weir: any regular obstruction in an open channel over which the flow takes place.
• Syphon: it is a long bent pipe used to connect two reservoirs at different levels
intervented by a high ridge

Q-02: ORIFICE METER & PITOT TUBE

• Orifice meter is a device used for measuring the discharge of liquid flowing through a
pipe.
• Pitot tube: small open tube bent at right angle which is used to measure the velocity of
flow at the required point in pipe.

Q-03: DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS

• Reynold's number: ratio of inertia force to viscous force.

• Froude's number: ratio of inertia force to gravity force.
• Weber's number: ratio of inertia force to surface tension force.
• Euler's number: ratio of inertia force to pressure force.
• Mach's number: ratio of inertia force to elastic force.

43
Q-04: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DAM AND EMBANKMENT?

• Dam: constructed across the river.

• Embankment: constructed along the river.

Q-05: STAGNATION POINT & FREEWAYS

• Stagnation point: A point in flow where the velocity of fluid is zero.

• Freeways: Freeways access-controlled divided highways. Most freeways are four lanes,
two lanes each direction.

Q-06: RABI SEASON & KHARIF SEASON

• Rabi Season: 1st October- 31st March

• Kharif Season: 1st April - 30th September

Q-07: CONSUMPTIVE & CONJUNCTIVE USE OF WATER

• Consumptive use of water: using of water by different consumers like animals,

evaporation, transpiration etc.
• Conjunctive use of water: use of water from surface and ground storage for supplying
and conservation purposes.

44
 ABBREVIATION

Q-1: Digital Term :

• VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Seized.

• PDF - Portable Document Format.
• UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply.
• CD - Compact Disc.
• DVD - Digital Versatile Disc (or Digital Video Disc).
• GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.
• WAP - Wireless Application Protocol (or Wireless access Point).
• SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.
• 3GP - 3rd Generation Project.
• JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group.

Q-2: SOME ORGANIZATIONS.

• ASCE = American Society of Civil Engineers.

• ASTM= American Society for Testing and Materials.
• ACI= American Concrete Institute.
• AASHO= American Association of State Highway Officials.
• AASHTO= American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
• A.R.E.A= American Railway engineering association.
• PWD= Public Works Department.
• LGED= Local Government Engineering Department.
• BNBC= Bangladesh national building code.
• BSI= Bangladesh standard institute.
• BSTI= Bangladesh standard testing institute.
• I.S.I= Indian standard institute.

Q-3: :

• L.L- Live load.

• D.L- Dead load.
• I.L- influence line.
• SFD- Shear force diagram

45
• BM-Bending moment (or Bench mark).
• BMD- Bending moment diagram.
• CC- Cement concrete.
• LC - Lime Concrete.
• RBC - Reinforced Brick Concrete.
• C.P - Cement Plaster.
• AC- Asbestos cement.
• CS- Comparative statement.
• PERT- Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
• CPM-Critical path method.
• USD-Ultimate strength design.
• WSD-Working stress design.
• PL-Plinth level.
• GL- Ground level.
• EGL- Existing ground level.
• OGL- Original ground level.
• FGL- Formation ground level.
• HFL- Highest flood level.
• RL- Reduced level.
• WC- Water closet.
• EL- Environmental load.
• USC- Ultimate stress of concrete.
• ASC- Allowable Stress of concrete.
• FM- Fineness modulus (or Frog Mark or Fouling Mark).
• PVC- Poly vinyl chloride.
• UPVC- Un-plasticized Polyvinyl chloride.
• PPR - Poly Propylene Random.
• GP-Ground plane.
• VP-Vertical plane.
• HP-Horizontal plane.
• GWT- Ground water table.
• DPC = Damp proof course.
• C.I Sheet = Corrugated Iron Sheet.
• C.I Pipe = Cast Iron Pipe.
• MB = Measurement Book.
• NCF = Neat Cement Finishing.
• S.W.G = Standard wire gauge.

46
 MISCELLANEOUS

Q-01: ' ' ?

- - - ,

Q-02: WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?

Civil Engineering is a professional engineering discipline
which deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built
environment. It was the second engineering sector all over the world after military engineering.

Q-03: FOLLOWING MATTERS SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND IN MAKING A PLAN

• All buildings facing a street shall be constructed at a distance of at least 4.5m
from the centre of the street or 1.5m from the road front property line.
• Roof or cornice may be extended into the mandatory open space for a max distance of 0.5
m.
• Sunshade may be extended into the mandatory open space for a max distance of 0.75 m.
• Balcony at levels higher than 6m provided should not more than 0.9m and should keep
clearance at least 1.5m between the edge of the balcony and the property line.
• For more than one building in the same plot, minimum separation of 2m should be
provided if the height of both adjacent building is not more than 8m or two storey.
• In residential area, total open area should not be less than 33% 0f the plot area.
• Max height of building should not exceed the 2 times of sum of the width of front road or
front open space.

Q-04: CORNICE, CORBEL & COPING

• Cornice=Horizontal projection of roof.
• Corbel=Projection from wall to form a support.
• Coping=Covering on a wall top usually sloped to through off rain water.
•
Q-05: Reinforced Steel "500W" ।

''W" "Weldability" । ! Yield Strength 500 MPa.

47
Q-06: TMT Bar ?

TMT stands for Thermo Mechanically Treated. The TMT bars have a hard outer surface and a
softer core. Their manufacturing process includes hot rolled steel wires passed through water.
This makes the surface hard and keeps the core warmer and softer. This helps in making the steel
corrosion resistance and also increase its weldability.

Q-07: F.P.S 'Foot' 'Feet' ?

• Foot -- Singular number.

• Feet -- Plural number.
1 Foot 2 Feet ।

Q-08: ! Residential Building ! " !# !# Lodge Cottage $# % #।

Civil engg. " -

• Cottage # $ % .
• Lodge & ( ' ) % .
• ( Nest ) (Tuhin Nest- * + , ).

Q-09: WHICH ZONE IS MOSTLY RISK IN EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS?

(A) DHAKA, (B) SYLHE, (C) RAJSHAHI.
Ans: (B)

Q-10: STRESS.
STRESS ,- ( - ( . / , "Load per unit area".

. 0# " ," " । 1 ,- , "Internal resistance per unit area".

Stress . 2 Internally। / ।

ছ 4 5 6+ 7+ 88 । " " 9 Stress( )2 )

!

48
 Atiqul Islam: pressure , stress # difference ?
Ahsan Habib: pressure represent intensity of external forces acting at a point. But stress
represent intensity of internal resisting forces develop at a point.
Pressure is always acts normal to the surface. But stress may also act either normal or
parallel to the surface.

Q-11: Common SFD & BMD

49
Q-12: THE JOURNEY START WITH IT

50
Q-13: WIND VELOCITY OF ALL DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH

51
Q-14: " $ & "' ( $

Structural Design Engineer:

i. Etabs / Staad Pro (Essential for any kind of structural analysis).
ii. SAP (Bridge design).
iii. SAFE (Slab Design).
iv. GRASP (Foundation Design/ Beam).
v. MS Excel (for making the design steps easier in your own way).
vi. Autocad/ Autocad Structural Detailing (specially for detailing).

Construction Engineer:
i. Office Suite (MS Office)
ii. MS Project/ Primavera (For project management).
iii. Autocad.

BOQ / Managerial Engineer / Office Engineer / others:

i. MS office (specially MS Excel)
ii. MS Project/ Primavera.
iii. Autocad.

Extra Capabilities:
i. 3ds Max/ Maya/ Sketch up/ Revit Architecture (3D modelling)
ii. Visual Basic/ C++/ Any programming language
iii. Web designing
Note: You won't be benefited for having such Extra Capabilities nonetheless, you have to do
more task which are related to mentioned software but you can learn these for your own interest.
These software may help you for your initial preparation but I would say that nothing can't be
compared with practical knowledge.
Special Note: As we know, drawing is the language of engineers so it must for an engineer to
have some knowledge in AUTOCAD..

Q-15: ETABS e ! )$ * Importance Tips

i. : 1st floor ; " । => floor . error free । . replicate

slab edge change ) Floor ?।
ii. Grade Beam provide deflection control tough ।
iii. Lift core @ A Roof elevation 4' 6' elevation machine room ।
iv. Cantilever portion deflection (slab @ A) safe e check ।

52
 v. Lift pit = / shear wall L-shape column provide , $ / equal gap
) ।
vi. B . extra combo create kora।
(a) DL+PW+FACADE= DL;
(b) DEF= 1.2LL+1.77DL.
: . total DL ) . long term deflection check ( .

Q-16: THESIS? NO TENSION.

It is not a difficult task. Take it easily and proceed. Some general
concepts before going to select a research topic.
i. Firstly, it depends on ur supervisor choice/interest in what field/area he wants to work.
ii. Secondly, if he gives the option to choose, then u must select something worthy (topic) in
which u have better ability to do research with keep in mind the supervisor academic
background.
iii. If u have interest for higher education, then choose something so that u can continue to
do advance research on it.
iv. In addition, choose a smart topic that means which have various aspect, importance and
values regarding safety, economy, environment etc.
v. Last but at least, never choose a complex one which may be matter of pain for ur course
work subjects.
You can get more idea for thesis topic by observing previous thesis papers from our rental
library,

Q-17: TOP 10 CIVIL ENGINEER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

i. Why do you want this civil engineer job? Again, companies want to hire people who are
passionate about the job, so you should have a great answer about why you want the
position. (And if you don't? You probably should apply elsewhere.) First, identify a
couple of key factors that make the role a great fit for you (e.g., “I love customer support
because I love the constant human interaction and the satisfaction that comes from
helping someone solve a problem"), then share why you love the company (e.g., “I’ve
always been passionate about education, and I think you guys are doing great things, so I
want to be a part of it”).

ii. What have you learned from mistakes on the civil engineer job? Candidates without
specific examples often do not seem credible. However, the example shared should be
fairly inconsequential, unintentional, and a learned lesson should be gleaned from it.
Moving ahead without group assistance while assigned to a group project meant to be
collaborative is a good example.

53
iii. What challenges are you looking for in this civil engineer position? A typical interview
question to determine what you are looking for your in next job, and whether you would
be a good fit for the position being hired for, is "What challenges are you looking for in a
position?" The best way to answer questions about the challenges you are seeking is to
discuss how you would like to be able to effectively utilize your skills and experience if
you were hired for the job. You can also mention that you are motivated by challenges,
have the ability to effectively meet challenges, and have the flexibility and skills
necessary to handle a challenging job. You can continue by describing specific examples
of challenges you have met and goals you have achieved in the past.

iv. Describe a typical work week for civil engineer position? Interviewers expect a candidate
for employment to discuss what they do while they are working in detail. Before you
answer, consider the position you are applying for and how your current or past positions
relate to it. The more you can connect your past experience with the job opening, the
more successful you will be at answering the questions. It should be obvious that it's not a
good idea talk about non-work related activities that you do on company time, but, I've
had applicants tell me how they are often late because they have to drive a child to school
or like to take a long lunch break to work at the gym. Keep your answers focused on
work and show the interviewer that you're organized ("The first thing I do on Monday
morning is check my voicemail and email, then I prioritize my activities for the week.")
and efficient.

v. What is your biggest weakness? No one likes to answer this question because it requires a
very delicate balance. You simply can’t lie and say you don’t have one; you can’t trick
the interviewer by offering up a personal weakness that is really a strength (“Sometimes,
I work too much and don’t maintain a work-life balance.”); and you shouldn’t be so
honest that you throw yourself under the bus (“I’m not a morning person so I’m working
on getting to the office on time.”) Think of a small flaw like “I sometimes get sidetracked
by small details”, “I am occasionally not as patient as I should be with subordinates or
co-workers who do not understand my ideas”, or “I am still somewhat nervous and
uncomfortable with my public-speaking skills and would like to give more presentations
and talk in front of others or in meetings.” Add that you are aware of the problem and
you are doing your best to correct it by taking a course of action.

vi. Why should the we hire you as civil engineer position? This is the part where you link
your skills, experience, education and your personality to the job itself. This is why you
need to be utterly familiar with the job description as well as the company culture.
Remember though, it’s best to back them up with actual examples of say, how you are a

54
 good team player. It is possible that you may not have as much skills, experience or
qualifications as the other candidates. What then, will set you apart from the rest? Energy
and passion might. People are attracted to someone who is charismatic, who show
immense amount of energy when they talk, and who love what it is that they do. As you
explain your compatibility with the job and company, be sure to portray yourself as that
motivated, confident and energetic person, ever- ready to commit to the cause of the
company.

vii. What do you know about our company? Follow these three easy research tips before your
next job interview: 1) Visit the company website; look in the “about us” section and
“careers” sections 2) Visit the company’s LinkedIn page (note, you must have a LinkedIn
account — its free to sign up) to view information about the company 3) Google a
keyword search phrase like “press releases” followed by the company name; you’ll find
the most recent news stories shared by the company Remember, just because you have
done your “homework”, it does not mean you need to share ALL of it during the
interview! Reciting every fact you’ve learned is almost as much of a turn off as not
knowing anything at all! At a minimum, you should include the following in your
answer: 1.What type of product or service the company sells 2. How long the company
has been in business 3. What the company culture is like OR what the company mission
statement is, and how the culture and/or mission relate to your values or personality.

viii. Why do you want to work with us? More likely than not, the interviewer wishes to see
how much you know about the company culture, and whether you can identify with the
organization’s values and vision. Every organization has its strong points, and these are
the ones that you should highlight in your answer. For example, if the company
emphasizes on integrity with customers, then you mention that you would like to be in
such a team because you yourself believe in integrity. It doesn’t have to be a lie. In the
case that your values are not in line with the ones by the company, ask yourself if you
would be happy working there. If you have no issue with that, go ahead. But if you are
aware of the company culture and realize that there is some dilemma you might be
facing, you ought to think twice. The best policy is to be honest with yourself, and be
honest with the interviewer with what is it in the company culture that motivates you.

ix. Did the salary we offer attract you to this civil engineer job? The interviewer could be
asking you this question for a number of reasons. Obviously, the salary is an important
factor to your interest in this job, but it should not be the overriding reason for your
interest. A good answer to this question is, “The salary was very attractive, but the job
itself is what was most attractive to me.”

x. Do you have any questions to ask us? Never ask Salary, perks, leave, place of posting,
etc. regarded questions. Try to ask more about the company to show how early you can

55
 make a contribution to your organization like “Sir, with your kind permission I would
like to know more about induction and developmental programs?” OR Sir, I would like to
have my feedback, so that I can analyze and improve my strengths and rectify my
shortcomings.

Q-18:
Degree of indeterminacy of truss= {(b + r) - 2j}
where,
b=number of bars
r=number of reaction
j=number of joint

Q-19: LOG "$ ? + * , - # , " % - .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………….……..………….THE END………………………..….….……………
56