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Notes
. The groups are involved in this conflict are two tribes called is Rwanda.
Rwanda
Victim Accounts:
Cassius Niyonsaba - 12 years old
"It was not yet noon when the interahamwe arrived...they threw grenades,...they rushed into the
church and started slicing people up with machetes and spears. ...In the thick of the afternoon,
the interahamwe burned little children in front of the door. I saw them with my own eyes...."
Statistics
During the 100 days of genocide, between 250,000 and 500,000 women were raped as a
weapon of war. Many were attacked by HIV Positive men.
(Source: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~frimp20s/briefhistoryintro.html)
Ntarama Genocide Memorial Centre – One of six genocide museums in Rwanda. 5,000 people
were killed here in a Catholic Church.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntarama_Genocide_Memorial_Centre.)
(Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yugoslavia_ethnic_map.jpg.)
Darfur
Show the various options below to students.Discuss with students the consequences of
some of the options. Highlight your choice.
A. Do nothing.
C. Economic Sanctions: get all nations to stop trading with the nation until the
fighting stops.
D. Give military and economic assistance to one of the groups (the one we agree with
most.)
E. Invade the nation, take over the government and write a new constitution for
them, occupy the nation until we are sure the fighting will stop.
A. Do nothing – the genocide will continue and get worse. No one else from other nations
will be harmed.
C. Sanctions: might work but will take years for sanctions to be felt. And sanctions might
not work if you can’t convince all nations to abide by them.
D. Military/economic assistance – that would help one side win but would that also drag
the UN or even the US into a war like Vietnam.
E. Invade – does the UN have the right to take over a whole nation? Would we have to
invade all nations that the UN disagreed with?It would probably end the violence, though.
In the aftermath of the genocide, approximately 1.7 million Hutu fled across the border into
the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tutsi rebels took control of the government. They
chose a Hutu to serve as president and Paul Kagame, the Tutsi rebel leader, became vice
president. Refugees, continued massacres, and the legacy of genocide continued to haunt
the nation. In 1998, a UN tribunal sentenced the former prime minister of Rwanda to life in
prison for his part in the genocide. By 2001, eight others had also been convicted of the
same charge. In 2000, Paul Kagame became the first Tutsi president of the nation.
Aftermath
Sudan - In 2009, the ICC indicted [formally accused] President al-Bashir of ordering the
mass killing, rape and destruction against the civilians of Darfur and issued a warrant for
his arrest, as well as for the former Minister for the Interior and the Janjaweed military
leader. None of the suspects were apprehended. Another arrest warrant was issued for al-
Bashir for three counts of genocide in 2010, again with no arrest made. According to UN
estimates, as of 2016, 2.7 million Darfuris still remain in refugee camps and over 4.7 million
still rely on humanitarian aid.
Balkans – The war came to an end in 1995 when NATO forces forced the Serbs to negotiate
a peace agreement. The result was the Dayton Accords. A US-brokered peace divided
Write your own speech, making sure you have included all of the “must haves” listed above.