HIGH RISE CONSTRUCTION

ARJUN HADIA 15SA207

JAPAN PATEL 15AS220
PRIYANK BHATT 15SA232
SANJAY PRAJAPATI 15SA236
 WHAT IS A HIGH RISE STRUCTURE?

• A high rise is a tall building, as opposed to a low rise building and is defined by
its height differently in various jurisdictions.
• Used as a residential, office building, or other functions including hotel, retail,
or with multiple purposes combined.
• Residential high rise buildings are also known as ‘tower blocks’ and also
referred to as MDUs standing for multi-dwelling unit.
• A very tall high rise buiding is referred to as a skyscraper.
 WHY IS IT NEEDED?

• Scarcity of land in urban area

• Increasing demands for residential and business space
• Economical growth
• Technological advancement
• Innovation in structural system
• Desire for aesthetic in urban setting
• Concept of city skyline
• Cultural significance and prestige
• Human aspiration to build higher
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

CASTIRON STEEL

PVC RCC

GLASS ALUMINIUM
 TYPES OF HIGH RISE STRUCTURE
SYSTEM

• Braced Frame • Core Structure system

• Rigid Frame Structure • Framed tube structure
• Infilled Frame Structure • The trussed tube
• High efficiency Mega-Braced frame • Bundled tube structure
system
• Tube in tube
• Flat Plate and Flat Slab Structure
• Outriggers system
• Shear wall structure
 BRACED FRAME

• Lateral forces are resisted by axial actions of

bracing and columns.
• Steel bracing members or filled-in bays.
• More efficient than a rigid frame.
•
•
RIGID FRAME STRUCTURE

• The word rigid means ability to resist the

deformation.
• Rigid frame structures can be defined as the
structures in which beams & columns are
made monolithically,
• And act collectively to resist the moments
which are generating due to applied load.
 INFILLED FRAME
STRUCTURE

• For tall buildings up to 30 stories in height

Column and girder framing of reinforced
concrete, or sometimes steel, is in-filled by
panels of brickwork, block work, or cast-in-
place concrete.
• The in-filled serve also as external walls or
internal partitions, the system is an
economical way of stiffening and
strengthening the structure.
• The complex interactive behavior of the infill
in the frame, and the rather random quality of
masonry, has made it difficult to predict with
accuracy the stiffness and strength of an in-
filled frame.
HIGH EFFICIENCY MEGA -
BRACED FRAME SYSTEM

• Very large columns and bracing

• Bracing extends over multiple floors
• Small number of columns
• Stiff transfer floors allow for internal
flexibility.
•
FLAT-PLATE AND FLAT SLAB
STRUCTURE

• Flat plate: The flat plate is a two-way

reinforced concrete framing system utilizing a
slab of uniform thickness, the simplest of
structural shapes.
• Flat slab: The flat slab is a two-way
reinforced structural system that includes
either drop panels or column capitals at
columns to resist heavier loads and thus
permit longer spans.
 SHEAR WALL SYSTEM

• A type of rigid frame construction.

• The shear wall is in steel or concrete to
provide greater lateral rigidity.
• Is composed of braced panels (or shear
panels) to counter the effects of lateral load
acting on a structure.
• For skyscrapers, as the size of the structure
increases, so does the size of the supporting
wall.
• Shear walls tend to be used only in
conjunction with other support systems.
•
CORE STRUCTURE SYSTEM

• Lateral and gravity loads supported by central

core
• Eliminates columns and bracing elements
• Core is inefficient because it is not deep in
respect to bending
• Moment supported floors are inefficient.
•
FRAMED TUBE STRUCTURE

• The lateral resistant of the framed-tube

structures is provided by very stiff moment-
resistant frames that form a tube around the
perimeter of the building.
• The frames consist of 6-12 ft (2-4m) between
centers, joined by deep spandrel girders.
• Gravity loading is shared between the tube
and interior column or walls.
• When lateral loading acts, the perimeter
frame aligned in the direction of loading acts
as the “webs” of the massive tube of the
cantilever, and those normal to the direction
of the loading act as the “flanges”.
 THE TRUSSED TUBE

• Introducing a minimum number of diagonals

on each façade and making the diagonal
intersect at the same point at the corner
column.
• The system is tubular in that the fascia
diagonals not only form a truss in the plane,
but also interact with the trusses on the
perpendicular faces to affect the tubular
behavior.
• Relatively broad column spacing can result
large clear spaces for windows, a particular
characteristic of steel buildings.
• The façade diagonalization serves to equalize
the gravity loads of the exterior columns.
 BUNDLED TUBE
STRUCTURE

• The concept allows for wider column spacing

in the tubular walls than would be possible
with only the exterior frame tube form.
• Spacing makes it possible to place interior
frame lines without seriously compromising
interior space planning.
• Ability to modulate the cells vertically can
create a powerful vocabulary for a variety of
dynamic shapes therefore offers great latitude
in architectural planning of at all building.
 TUBE IN TUBE

• This variation of the framed tube consists of

an outer frame tube, the “Hull,” together with
an internal elevator and service core.
• The Hull and core act jointly in resisting both
gravity and lateral loading.
• The outer framed tube and the inner core
interact horizontally as the shear and flexural
components of a wall- frame structure, with
the benefit of increased lateral stiffness.
• The structural tube usually adopts a highly
dominant role because of its much greater
structural depth.
 OUTRIGGERS SYSTEM

• Structural form that consists of a central core

with outriggers, connecting the core to the
outer columns.
• The central core contains of either braced
frames or shear walls.
• When the building is loaded laterally the
vertical plane rotations are resisted by the
outriggers through tension in the windward
columns and compression in the leeward
columns.
• The outriggers join the columns and makes
the building behave almost as a composite
cantilever.
 CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES

• Slip form
• Jump form
• Climbing formwork
• Table form/ flying form
• Column system formwork
• Tunnel form
 SLIP FORM

• Vertically extruding a reinforced concrete

section suitable for construction of core walls
in high-rise structures – lift shafts, stair shafts,
towers.
• The formwork rises continuously, at a rate of
about 300 mm per hour, supporting itself on
the core and not relying on support or access
from other parts of the building or
permanent works.
• Allows for the continuous pouring of
concrete into walls of a structure.
• When the formwork is moved upwards the
concrete that is then exposed remains firm.
 JUMP FORM

• Generally, jump form systems comprise the

formwork and working platforms for
cleaning/fixing of the formwork, steel fixing
and concreting.
• ‘Climbing form’ is suitable for construction of
multi-floor vertical concrete elements in high-
rise structures, such as shear walls, core walls,
lift shafts, stair shafts and bridge pylons.
• It is a highly productive system designed to
increase speed and efficiency while minimizing
labor and time.
•
 CLIMB FORM

• Formwork for vertical concrete structures

that rises with the building process.
• It can be an effective solution for buildings
that are either very repetitive in form or that
require a seamless wall structure.
• Various types of climbing formwork exist,
which are either relocated from time to time,
or can even move on their own (usually on
hydraulic jacks, required for self-climbing and
gliding formworks).
• Types of climbing form: Self Climbing and
Gliding
•
TABLE FORM/FLYNG FORM

• A table form/flying form is a large pre-

assembled formwork and false work unit,
often forming a complete bay of suspended
floor slab.
• It offers mobility and quick installation for
construction projects with regular plan
layouts or long repetitive structures, so is
highly suitable for flat slab, and beam and slab
layouts.
•
 COLUMN SYSTEM
FORMWORK

• The column formwork systems are normally

modular in nature and allow quick assembly
and erection on-site while minimising labour
and crane time.
• They are available in steel, aluminium and
even cardboard (not reusable but recycled)
and have a variety of internal face surfaces
depending on the concrete finish required.
• Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable
column forms which can be clamped on-site
to give different column sizes
 TUNNEL FORM

• Tunnel form is used to form repetitive cellular

structures, and is widely recognised as a
modern innovation that enables the
construction of horizontal and vertical
elements (walls and floors) together.
• Significant productivity benefits have been
achieved by using tunnel form to construct
cellular buildings such as hotels, low- and
high-rise housing, hostels, student
accommodation, prison and barracks
accommodation.
•
THANK YOU