TUGAS 2

TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA LANJUT

Oleh:
Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap (1406605843)
Muhammad Arif Darmawan (1806154160)
Istia Prianti Hidayati (1806243380)

Dosen Pengampu:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Slamet, M.T

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK
2019

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DAFTAR ISI
Problem 1. Synthesizing a Chemical Plant ................................................................................................... 5
Problem 2. Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic CSTR ............................................................. 7
Problem 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 12

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Daftar Gambar

Gambar 1. Grafik XEB dan MEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur .............................................................. 8

Gambar 2. Grafik XMB dan Variasi XEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur ................................................ 10
Gambar 3. Grafik penentuan Konversi Maksimum dan Temperatur Steady State .................................... 11
Gambar 4. Pemodelan pada Polymath ........................................................................................................ 14
Gambar 5. Kurva Hubungan G(T) dan R(T) terhadap T ............................................................................ 15
Gambar 6. Grafik G(T) dan Variasi R(T) terhadap Temperatur ................................................................. 16
Gambar 7. Kurva Ignition dan Extinction pada variasi To dan T ................................................................. 18

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Daftar Tabel

Tabel 1. Variasi XEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur dan XMB ............................................................... 10

Tabel 2. Tabel To dan Ts pada Perpotongan G(T) dan Variasi R(T) ............................................................. 17

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Problem 1. Synthesizing a Chemical Plant
Careful study of the various reactions, reactors, and molar flows of the reactants and products used in the
example problems in this chapter reveals that Synthesizing they can be arranged to form a chemical plant
to produce 200 million pounds chemical plant of ethylene glycol from a feedstock of 402 million pounds
per year of ethane. The flow sheet for the arrangement of the reactors together with the molar flow rates is
shown in Figure. Here 0.425 lb mol/s of ethane is fed to 100 tubular plug-flow reactors connected in parallel;
the total volume is 81 ft3 to produce 0.34 lb mol/s of ethylene (see Example 4-4). The reaction mixture is
then fed to a separation unit where 0.04 1b molls of ethylene is lost in the separation process in the ethane
and hydrogen streams that exit the separator. This process provides a molar flow rate of ethylene of 0.3 lb
mol/s which enters the packed-bed catalytic reactor together with 0.15 1b mol/s of O2 and 0.564 lb mol/s
of N2. There are 0.18 lb mol/s of ethylene oxide (see Example 4-6) produced in the 1000 pipes arranged in
parallel and packed with silver-coated catalyst pellets. There is 60% conversion achieved in each pipe and
the total catalyst weight in all the pipes is 45,400 lb. The effluent stream is passed to a separator where 0.03
lb molls of ethylene oxide is lost. The ethylene oxide stream is then contacted with water in a gas absorber
to produce a 1-lb mol/ft3 solution of ethylene oxide in water. In the absorption process, 0.022 lb mol/s of
ethylene oxide is lost. The ethylene oxide solution is fed to a 197-ft3 CSTR together with a stream of 0.9
wt % H2S04 solution to produce ethylene glycol

Pertanyaan:
Buatlah program pada piranti lunak Microsoft Excel sesuai dengan kondisi-kondisi pada keterangan di atas
sehingga masukan bahan baku dapat divariasikan.

Penyelesaian:
Penyelesaian diberikan langsung pada file Microsoft Excel terlampir.

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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA 6
Problem 2. Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic CSTR
Propylene glycol is produced by the hydrolysis of propylene oxide:

Over 800 million pounds of propylene glycol were produced in 2004 and the selling price was
approximately $0.68 per pound. Propylene glycol makes up about 25% of the major derivatives of
propylene oxide. The reaction takes place readily at room temperature when catalyzed by sulfuric acid.
You are the engineer in charge of an adiabatic CSTR producing propylene glycol by this method.
Unfortunately, the reactor is beginning to leak, and you must replace it. (You told your boss several times
that sulfuric acid was corrosive and that mild steel was a poor material for construction). There is a nice
looking overflow CSTR of 300-gal capacity standing idle; it is glass-lined and you would like to use it.
You are feeding 2500 lb/hr (43.04 lb mol/h) of propylene oxide to the reactor. The feed stream consist of
(1) an equivolumetric mixture of propylene oxide (46.62 ft3/h) and methanol (46.62 ft3/h) and (2) water
containing 0.1% H2SO4. The volumetric flow rate of water is 233.1 ft3/h which is 2.5 times the methanol-
propylene oxide flow rate. The corresponding molar feed rates of methanol and water are 71.87 and 802 lb
mol/h, respectively. The water-propylene oxide-methanol mixture undergoes a slight decrease in volume
upon mixing (approximately 3%), but you neglect this decrease in your calculations. The temperature of
both feed stream is 58 °F prior to mixing, but there is an immediate 17 F temperature rise upon mixing of
the two feed streams caused by the heat of mixing. The entering temperature of all feed streams is thus
taken to be 75 °F.
Furusawa et al. state that under conditions similar to those at which you are operating, the reaction is first-
order in propylene oxide concentration and apparent zero-order in excess of water with the specific reaction
rate
32,400
𝑘 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝐸/𝑅𝑇 = 16.96 𝑥 1012 (𝑒 − 𝑅𝑇 ) ℎ−1

The units of E are Btu/lb mol.

There is an important constraint on your operation. Propylene oxide is a rather low-boiling substance. With
the mixture you are using, you feel that you cannot exceed an operating temperature of 125 F, or you will
lose too much oxide by vaporization through the vent system.

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Pertanyaan:
Berdasarkan keterangan di atas, tentukan konversi maksimum yang dapat diperoleh dalam reaktor namun
suhu steady state tidak melebihi batasan yang diberikan!

Penyelesaian:
Hasil penyelesaian awal:

Gambar 1. Grafik XEB dan MEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur

Berdasarkan gambar di atas, agar diperoleh konversi maksimum sesuai dengan batasan suhu maka garis
XEB harus dibuat menyinggung kurva XMB pada suhu sekitar 585 °R. Oleh sebab itu, maka persamaan yang
harus diubah adalah persamaan neraca energi (XEB) dengan melakukan variasi suhu reaktan masuk (Tio).

Perhitungan panas reaksi pada suhu T:

𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐻°𝐴 (68℉) = −66,000
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐻°𝐵 (68℉) = −123,000
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙

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 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐻°𝐶 (68℉) = −226,000
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆𝐻°𝑅𝑥 (68℉) = −226,000 − (123,000) − (−66,000) = −36,400
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐵𝑡𝑢
∆𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝𝐶 − 𝐶𝑝𝐵 − 𝐶𝑝𝐴 = 46 − 18 − 35 = −7
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙℉
∆𝐻°𝑅𝑥 (𝑇) = −36,400 − 7(𝑇 − 528)
Perhitungan stoikiometri:

𝑣0 = 𝑣𝐴0 + 𝑣𝑀0 + 𝑣𝐵0 = 46.62 + 46.62 + 233.1 = 326.3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ

𝑉 = 300 𝑔𝑎𝑙 = 40.1𝑓𝑡 3

𝑉 40.1𝑓𝑡 3
𝜏= = = 0.123 ℎ
𝑣0 326.3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ
𝐹𝐴0 43.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝐶𝐴0 = = = 0.132 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑣0 326.3 𝑓𝑡 3 /ℎ
𝐹𝑀0 71.87 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙: ∅𝑀 = = = 1.67
𝐹𝐴0 43.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝐹𝐵0 802.8 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑎𝑖𝑟: ∅𝐵 = = = 18.65
𝐹𝐴0 43.0 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙/ℎ
Evaluasi neraca mol:
𝟏𝟔, 𝟑𝟎𝟔
(𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 )𝐞𝐱𝐩(− 𝑻 )
𝑿𝑴𝑩 =
𝟏𝟔, 𝟑𝟎𝟔
𝟏 + (𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 )𝒆𝐱𝐩(− )
𝑻
T dalam °R

Evaluasi neraca energi:

𝐵𝑡𝑢
∑ ∅𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 = 𝐶𝑝𝐴 + ∅𝐵 𝐶𝑝𝐵 + ∅𝑀 𝐶𝑝𝑀 = 35 + 18(18.65) + 19.5(1.67) = 403.3
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙℉
𝑇𝑅 = 68℉ = 528°𝑅
𝐵𝑡𝑢
(403.3 )(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑖0 )℉
𝑋𝑀𝐵 = 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙℉
𝐵𝑡𝑢
−[−36,400 − 7(𝑇 − 528)]
𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟑 (𝑻 − 𝑻𝒊𝟎 )
𝑿𝑴𝑩 =
𝟑𝟔, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟕(𝑻 − 𝟓𝟐𝟖)

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Nilai Tio pada persamaan di atas akan divariasikan untuk memperoleh konversi tertinggi pada suhu sekitar
585 °R menggunakan piranti lunak Microsoft Excel.

Hasil spreadsheet Microsoft Excel:

Tabel 1. Variasi XEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur dan XMB

T (°R) XMB XEB (58°F) XEB (57°F) XEB (54°F) XEB (52°F) XEB (51°F)
525 0.063344 -0.1072023 -0.0961162 -0.062858 -0.0406859 -0.029599797
540 0.138121 0.05891868 0.06997284 0.10313532 0.12524364 0.136297802
555 0.266028 0.22408617 0.23510861 0.26817593 0.2902208 0.301243243
570 0.439866 0.38830842 0.39929931 0.43227201 0.4542538 0.465244699
585 0.620532 0.55159349 0.56255303 0.59543164 0.61735072 0.628310253
600 0.766498 0.71394941 0.72487776 0.75766283 0.77951954 0.790447892
615 0.864302 0.87538407 0.88628142 0.91897347 0.94076816 0.951665514
630 0.922925 1.03590529 1.04677181 1.07937137 1.10110441 1.111970927
645 0.956257 1.19552081 1.20635667 1.23886426 1.26053599 1.271371853
660 0.974895 1.35423826 1.36504364 1.39745978 1.41907054 1.429875924

XMB XEB58 XEB57 XEB54 XEB52 XEB51

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
X

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
525 535 545 555 565 575 585 595 605 615 625 635 645 655
Suhu (°R)

Gambar 2. Grafik XMB dan Variasi XEB terhadap perubahan Temperatur

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 XMB XEB58 XEB57 XEB54 XEB52 XEB51

0.7

0.65

0.6

0.55
X

0.5

0.45

0.4
565 570 575 580 585 590 595
Suhu (°R)

Gambar 3. Grafik penentuan Konversi Maksimum dan Temperatur Steady State

Berdasarkan gambar di atas, maka konversi maksimum yang dapat dicapai yakni sekitar 0,59 dengan suhu
steady state sekitar 582-583 °R.

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Problem 3
The elementary liquid-phase reactions

𝐴→𝐵→𝐶

Dilakukan pada 10 dm3 CSTR. What are the effluent concentrations for a volume feed rate of 1000
dm3/min. The inlet temprature is 283 K.

CPA = CPB = CPC = 200 J/mol.K

k1 = 3.3 min-1 at 300 K, with E1 = 9900 cal/mol

k2 = 4.58 min-1 at 500 K with E2 = 27000 cal/mol

ΔHRx1A =-55000 J/mol A UA = 40.000 J/m.K with Ta = 57 oC

ΔHRx1B = -71.500 J/mol B

Reaksi dianggap sebagai reaksi elementer

𝑟1𝐴 = −𝑘1𝐴 𝐶𝐴

𝑟2𝐵 = −𝑘2𝑏 𝐶𝐵

Membuat persamaan mol balance dan laju reaksi dari spesi A

𝐹𝐴𝑜 − 𝐹𝐴 𝑣𝑜 (𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 ) 𝑣𝑜 (𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 )

𝑉= = =
−𝑟𝐴 −𝑟𝐴 −𝑘1𝐴 𝐶𝐴

𝑉
𝜏=
𝑣𝑜

−𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴 = (𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴 )

Sehinnga didapat CA sebagi berikut:

𝐶𝐴𝑜
𝐶𝐴 =
1 + 𝜏𝑘1

Membuat persamaan mol balance dan laju reaksi dari spesi B

𝐹𝐵𝑜 − 𝐹𝐵 0 − 𝑣𝑜 𝐶𝐵 𝑣𝑜 𝐶𝐵 𝑣𝑜 𝐶𝐵
𝑉= = = =
−𝑟𝐵 −𝑟𝐵 (𝑟1𝐵 + 𝑟2𝐵 ) 𝑘1𝐴 𝐶𝐴 −𝑘2𝑏 𝐶𝐵

Sehingga didapat CB sebagai berikut:

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 𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴 𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴𝑜
𝐶𝐵 = =
1 + 𝜏𝑘2 (1 + 𝜏𝑘1 )(1 + 𝜏𝑘2 )

Persamaan laju spesi A dan B

𝐶𝐴𝑜
𝑟1𝐴 = −𝑘1𝐴 𝐶𝐴 = −𝑘1𝐴
1 + 𝜏𝑘1

𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴𝑜
𝑟2𝐵 = −𝑘2𝑏 𝐶𝐵 = −𝑘2𝑏
(1 + 𝜏𝑘1 )(1 + 𝜏𝑘2 )

Membuat persamaan neraca energi

𝑈𝐴 (𝑇𝑎 − 𝑇) − 𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝐶𝑃𝐴 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑜 ) + 𝑉(𝑟1𝐴 ΔHRx1A + 𝑟2𝐵 𝛥𝐻𝑅𝑥2𝐵 ) = 0

Merubah bagian persamaan menjadi κ dan TC serta nilai r1 dan r2

𝑈𝐴
𝜅=
𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝐶𝑃𝐴

𝜅𝑇𝐴 + 𝑇0
𝑇𝐶 =
1+ 𝜅

Maka persamaan neraca energi diatas menjadi

𝐶𝐴𝑜 𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴𝑜

−𝑘1𝐴 −𝑘2𝑏 = 𝐶𝑃 (1 + 𝜅)(𝑇 − 𝑇𝐶 )
1 + 𝜏𝑘1 (1 + 𝜏𝑘1 )(1 + 𝜏𝑘2 )

Menghitung nilai kappa dan TC

𝑈𝐴 40.000 𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛. 𝐾
𝜅= = = 0,667
𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝐶𝑃𝐴 3 3 𝐽
(0,3 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑑𝑚 )(1000 𝑑𝑚 /𝑚𝑖𝑛)(200 . 𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝜅𝑇𝐴 + 𝑇0 283 𝐾 + (0,667)330 𝐾

𝑇𝐶 = = = 301.8 𝐾
1+ 𝜅 1 + 0,667

Menentukan persamaan G(T) dan R(T)

𝐶𝐴𝑜 𝜏𝑘1 𝐶𝐴𝑜

𝐺(𝑇) = −𝑘1𝐴 −𝑘2𝑏
1 + 𝜏𝑘1 (1 + 𝜏𝑘1 )(1 + 𝜏𝑘2 )

𝑅 (𝑇) = 𝐶𝑃 (1 + 𝜅)(𝑇 − 𝑇𝐶 )

Memasukkan persamaan kedalam program ODE polymath

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 Gambar 4. Pemodelan pada Polymath

Setelah dimasukkan pemodelan akan didapatkan grafik hubungan antara G dan R terhadap T

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 Gambar 5. Kurva Hubungan G(T) dan R(T) terhadap T

Dari gambar grafik diatas dapat dilihat terdapat 5 titik steady state dan sesuai dengan gambar yang ada di
buku fogler example 8.11.

Untuk mengetahui titik ignition dan extinction, maka dibuat variasi terdahap nilai T dan To yang nantinya
akan diplot kedalam grafik.

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 Gambar 6. Grafik G(T) dan Variasi R(T) terhadap Temperatur

Dari kurva GT dan variasi RT terhadap T, maka dapat dicari titik perpotongan pada setiap variasi RT
dengan GT. Nilai T pada setiap titik perpotongan GT terhadap R(T) merupakan nilai TS.

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 Tabel 2. Tabel To dan Ts pada Perpotongan G(T) dan Variasi R(T)

To ke To Ts
1 200 250
2 220 260
220 620
3 240 280
240 640
4 260 290
260 420
5 280 310
280 450
280 560
6 300 330
300 550
300 690
7 320 540
320 700
8 340 510
340 710
9 360 730
10 380 740
11 400 750

Setelah mendapatkan nilai To dan Ts pada setiap perpotongan garis antara G(T) dan variasi R(T),
selanjutnya melakukan plotting antara To Vs Ts

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Gambar 7. Kurva Ignition dan Extinction pada variasi To dan T

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