FLEXURAL MEMBERS:

1. A simply supported beam has an I- section made from 3 A36 steel plates welded together.
Flanges are 450 mm x 20mm and web is 500mm x 20mm.

Calculate the maximum uniform load “w” that the beam can carry. If the span of the beam is 4m.

Solution:

𝐿𝑏 = 4m
𝑏𝑓 170
Compact flanges: ≤
2𝑡𝑓 √𝐹𝑦

450 170
≤
2(20) √248

11.25 > 10. 80 .: not compact

𝑑 1680
Compact web: ≤
𝑡𝑤 √𝐹𝑦

540 1680
≤
20 √248

27 < 106.68 .: compact web

𝑏𝑓 250
Non compact flange: ≤
2𝑡𝑓 √𝐹𝑦

450 250
≤
2(20) √248
 11.25 < 15.87 .: non-compact flange

200 𝑏𝑓
𝐿𝑐 = = 5715.01
√𝐹𝑦

137900
𝑑 = 9267.47
(𝐴𝑓)𝐹𝑦

𝐿𝑏 = 4000 < 𝐿𝑐 = 5715.01

since the section is non-compact with 𝐿𝑏 < 𝐿𝑐

.: equations on case 2.b. applies

𝑑 500
= = 25 < 70 , 𝑘𝑐 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 20

𝑏𝑓 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑦 = [0.79 − 0.000762 √ ]
2𝑡𝑓 𝑘 𝑐

𝐹𝑏 = 162.44 MPa (both T and C)

Applying flexure formula,

𝑀𝑐
𝐹𝑏 =
𝐼

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀 = 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
8
𝑑 540
𝑐= = = 270
2 2

450(540)3 430(500)3
𝐼= − = 1425733333 𝑚𝑚4
12 12

Substituting :

𝑤𝐿2
(270)(10)6
8
162.44 =
1425733333
𝑤 = 428. 88 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

2. A simply supported beam has an I- section made from 3 A36 steel plates welded together.
Flanges are 450 mm x 20mm and web is 500mm x 20mm.

Calculate the maximum uniform load “w” that the beam can carry. If the span of the beam is 6m.

Solution:

𝐿𝑏 = 6m, and section is non compact

𝐿𝑐 = 5715.01

200𝑏𝑓
𝐿𝑏 >
√𝐹𝑦
200𝑏𝑓
Check case 2.c. 𝐿𝑏 ≤ = 51715. 01 𝑚𝑚4 .: not satisfied
√𝐹𝑦

Case 3: members with compact or non compact section with 𝐿𝑏 > 𝐿𝑐

a. 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 = 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

b. 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = ?

𝐿
=?
𝑟𝑡

20(450)3 83.33(20)3
+
𝑟𝑡 = √ 12 12
450(20)+83.33 (20)

𝑟𝑡 = 119.35 𝑚𝑚

still under case 3.b., solving for 𝐹𝑏𝑐

𝐿 6000
= = 50.27
𝑟𝑡 119.35

𝐶𝑏 = 1.0

703270 𝐶𝑏 𝐿 3516330 𝐶𝑏
*√ ≤ √
𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦

53.25 > 50.27 < 119.0 not satisfied

𝐿 3516330 𝐶𝑏 𝐿 3516330 𝐶𝑏
** > √ not satisfied also because <√
𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦

𝐿
*** For any value of
𝑟𝑡
𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 𝐹𝑏3 ≤ 0.6 𝐹𝑦

82740
𝐹𝑏3 = 𝐿 ≤ 0.6 𝐹𝑦
( 𝐴𝑎 )
𝑓

82740(1.0)
𝐹𝑏3 = (6000)(540) = 229.83 > 0.6 𝐹𝑦
( 450(20) )

.:use 𝐹𝑏3 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 ; 𝐹𝑏3 = 148. 8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Applying flexure formula,

𝑀𝑐
𝐹𝑏 =
𝐼
𝑤(6)2
(270)(10)6
8
𝐹𝑏𝑡 = 𝐹𝑏𝑐 = 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎 =
1425733333

𝑤 = 174. 61 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

3. Calculate the moment gradient multiplier 𝐶𝑏 , for the ff. beams.

a.

𝐶𝑏 = 1.0

b.
 (0) (0) 2
𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 + 1.05 ( ) + 0.3 ( )
(𝑀2 ) (𝑀1 )

𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 ≤ 2.3

4. From sample problem 1, check the adequacy of the beam against shear.

a. L=4m w=428.88 KN/m

Solution:

𝐿𝑏 = 4000 𝑚𝑚 𝑤 = 428.88 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝐿
𝑓𝑣 ≤ 𝐹𝑣 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2

𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡𝑤

428.88(4) 2
2
(10)
𝑓𝑣 = = 74.42 MPa
540(20)

𝐹𝑣 =?

ℎ 998
≤
𝑡𝑤 √𝐹𝑦
500 998
≤
20 √248
25 < 63.07 .: ok

𝐹𝑣 = 0.4 𝐹𝑦 = 99.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑣 ≤ 𝐹𝑣 .: safe against shear

5. A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load at the center of the wide flange section
having a web thickness of 14.7mm. The base plate placed directly on the load is used to prevent
web yielding & crippling has a width “N”
of 600mm, k= 31mm, Fy= 250 Mpa
a. Determine the max concentrated load that the base plate can carry.
b. Determine the minimum length (N) of bearing plate to be placed under supports.

Solution:
tw = 14.7mm
N= 600mm
k = 31mm
Fy=250Mpa
d=550mm
tf = 23.6mm

a. Pmax @ midspan=?
Web Yielding, x = 3 d = 0.55m
x > d ; Case b

𝑅
≤ 0.6 𝐹𝑦
𝑡𝑤(𝑁 + 5𝑘)
𝑃
≤ 0.6 (250)
(14.7)(600+5(31))

P=1831.26 KN

Web Crippling, x = 3 d = 0.55m

𝑑
x > ; Case a
2

600 14.7 1.5 (250)(23.6)

P= 177.2 (14.7)2 [1+3 [ ]( ) ]√
550 23.6 14.7

P= 2001. 32 KN
Pmax =1831.26 KN
a. Nmin @ supports=?
Web Yielding, x = 0 d = 0.55m
x < d ; Case a

𝑅
≤ 0.66 𝐹𝑦
𝑡𝑤(𝑁 + 2.5𝑘)
 1831.26
(10)2
2
≤ 0.66 (250)
(14.7)(𝑁+2.5(31))

𝑁𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 510.34

𝑁𝑚𝑖𝑛@𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 510.34