Figure 9.4-13 Conical shell with isolated opening.
Combined reinforcement from shell and
nozzle
The calculation pressure: P 2,5 [Mpa]
The test pressure: Ptest 3,8 [Mpa] The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at calculation temperature: Rp0,2T 355 [Mpa]
The minimum tensile strength at 20°C: Rm/20 450 [Mpa]
The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at calculation temperature nozzle or branch: Rp0,2Tb 250 [Mpa] The minimum tensile strength at 20°C nozzle or branch: Rm/20b 450 [Mpa] Joint coefficient: z 0,7 []
External diameter of a nozzle fitted in a shell: deb 432 [mm]
The semi angle of come at apex: α 30 [°] Cylindrical or spherical shell, the cylindrical part of a torispherical dished end, or a conical shell at the centre of an opening; for elliptical ends De is two times the external radius of the spherical part of the equivalent torispherical end: De 2060 [mm]
Analysis thickness of shell wall or mean analysis
thickness within the length l's and excluding the thickness of the reinforcing pad if fitted: ea,s 30 [mm]
Assumed shell thickness of shell wall for checking of
reinforcement of an opening. The thickness may be assumed by designer between the minimum required shell thickness e and the shell analysis thickness ea,s. This assumed thickness shall then be used consistently in all requirements: ec,s 35 [mm] Length of shell, from the edge of an opening or from the external diameter of a nozzle, to a shell discontinuity: ls 1500 [mm] Analysis thickness of nozzle: ea,b 16 [mm] Effective thickness of nozzle for reinforcement calculation: eb 16 [mm]
Length of nozzle extending outside the shell: lb 100 [mm]
Cross-sectional area of fillet weld between nozzle (or plate) and shell: Afw 3,20E+01 [mm2] Nominal design stress of shell material for normal operating cases: 𝑅 , 𝑅 / 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; 1,5 2,4 𝑅 , 𝑅 / 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7 1,5 2,4 fs 168,8 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of shell material for test cases:
𝑅 , 𝑓 = 1,05 fstest 338,1 [Mpa] Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for normal operating cases: 𝑅 , 𝑅 / 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; 1,5 2,4 𝑅 , 𝑅 / 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7 1,5 2,4 fb 150,0 [Mpa] Nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for test cases: 𝑅 , 𝑓 = 1,05 fbtest 238,1 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch
material for normal operating cases: 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ; 𝑓 fob 150,0 [Mpa] Minimal nominal design stress of nozzle or branch material for test cases: 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ;𝑓 fobtest 238,1 [Mpa]
Distance taken along the mid-thickness of the shell
between the centre of an opening and the external edge of a nozzle or a ring; or, if no nozzle or ring is present, a is the distance between the centre of the hole and its bore: 𝑑 𝑎= 2 a 216 [mm] Inside radius of curvature of the shell at the opening centre: 𝐷 𝑟 = −𝑒 , 2 cos 𝛼 ris 1159,3 [mm] Maximum length of shell contributing to opening reinforcement, taken on the mean surface of the shell wall: 𝐷 𝑙 = − 2𝑒 , +𝑒 , ∗𝑒 , cos ∝
lso 287,0 [mm]
Effective length of shell for opening reinforcement: 𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙 l´s 287,0 [mm] Pressure loaded area the shell: 𝐴𝑝 = 0,5 ∗ 𝑙 ´ + 𝑎 ∗ 2𝑟 + 𝑙 ´ + 𝑎 tan ∝ + 𝑎 𝑒 , +𝑒 , Aps 6,66E+05 [mm2]
Stress loaded cross-sectional area effective as
reinforcement the shell: 𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒 , Afs 1,00E+04 [mm2] Maximum length of nozzle outside the shell for reinforcement: 𝑙 = 𝑑 −𝑒 ∗𝑒 lbo 81,6 [mm] Effective length of nozzle outside the shell for reinforcement: 𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙 l´b 81,6 [mm]
Stress loaded cross-sectional area nozzle or branch
Technical Writing A-Z: A Commonsense Guide to Engineering Reports and Theses, Second Edition, British English: A Commonsense Guide to Engineering Reports and Theses, U.S. English
Second Edition