Part - 3 (Specifications)

Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

Section - 2

EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

2.1 GENERAL :

2.1.1 Scope :

These Specifications cover all necessary work required for the site preparation,
removal of existing structures, excavation, back-filling, disposal of surplus excavated
material and other sundry works in accordance with the Drawings and/or Bills of
Quantities and as directed in writing by the Engineer.

2.1.2 Soil Information :

The Contractor shall be deemed to have visited the Site of Works and satisfied himself
as to the nature of the ground and made himself conversant with the local conditions
to be encountered during the execution of the Contract.

2.1.3 Water :

Water shall be clean potable water as specified under "Concrete Works".

2.1.4 Concrete :

Concrete used as fill for making up to correct level areas of over-excavation shall be,
where required by the Engineer, Grade "15" as specified under "Concrete Works".

2.1.5 Nature of the Ground

Examine the Site, record of test borings, and the subsurface exploration reports to
determine all conditions under which the Work will be performed.

A Geotechnical Study has been carried out on behalf of the Employer, copy of the
report is included with the Tender Documents. This report is provided "for information
only" and will not be considered to be part of the Tender or Contract Documents. The
Tenderer must make his own full inquiries as to the nature of the ground and the sub-
soil conditions and take all necessary steps to deal with the soil conditions and allow
for all factors in his Tender price.

Obstructions, old construction, etc., of which no records are available, may be

encountered. Make inquiries as to the nature of the ground and sub-soil conditions
and formulate conclusions as to the extent of any such obstructions, old construction,
existing foundations, etc. and remove all materials of any nature to the designed sub-
grades indicated or specified.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.1 GENERAL [Cont'd]

2.1.6 Submittals

Submit information and full details regarding the procedures proposed for excavating
over the area of the site, for the review and approval of the Engineer.

Submit shop drawings detailing temporary works relating to excavation including

barriers, access, lighting, etc.

2.1.7 Safety and Avoidance of Nuisance

Perform all work in such a manner as to ensure the safety of the works, the public and
adjoining sites so as to cause as little inconvenience as possible to the public and
adjoining Owners, and allow in the Tender for all necessary Precautions to that end.

Provide a temporary and strong barrier around the edge of the basement excavation as
a safety measure.

Provide proper temporary lighting and access to the basement excavation.

Keep stores and material away from the edge of the basement excavation so as to
allow free movement of labourers and staff around the excavations.

Use sturdy steel or timber stairs to climb up and down the pit. Do not use ladders.

All electrical panels and installation shall be properly protected.

2.1.8 Protection of Adjoining Owner's Property

Execute earthwork and shoring activities (and Site work generally) in such a manner
as to ensure no damage shall occur to adjoining owner's property.

2.2 SITE PREPARATION :

2.2.1 Excavation Permits :

The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all permits relating to excavation
works and shall bear all costs involved. The Contractor shall abide by all conditions,
etc. laid down in such permits.

2.2.2 Existing Services :

The Contractor shall ascertain the whereabouts of all existing services on the Site,
both above and below ground. The Contractor shall also be held responsible for all
damage sustained by any of the services adjacent to the Site resulting from the Works.
Excavations to locate services shall be carried out by hand.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.2 SITE PREPARATION [Cont'd]

2.2.3 Removal of Existing Structures and Other Obstructions :

This work shall include, but not be limited to, the removal of existing structures and
other obstructions interfering with the Works. The salvaging of any of these materials
for the use of the Employer shall be as directed by the Engineer and unwanted
materials shall be disposed of as directed by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall submit, as soon as possible, information regarding the intended
procedures for excavation, de-watering, shoring and protection. The information to be
supplied shall include proposed procedures for recording the status of the existing
structures by daily photographs and monitoring of shorings and structures and other
alternative methods proposed.

The Contractor shall submit full details and shop-drawings and calculations of all the
above procedures for the Engineer's approval before commencing the excavation.

Particular consideration shall be given to the possible effects on the neighbouring

structures of lowering of the ground water level. Proper shoring of the excavation
next to the adjacent structures, roads and walkways, shall be allowed in order to avoid
any lateral yield of the soils, loss of foundation support, etc., and while the excavation
remains open, settlements and any lateral displacement of these structures, roads and
walkways should be monitored on a daily basis.

The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the strength and adequacy of retaining
structures, and for the safety and support of construction, utilities, roads or paving, and
for any movement, settlement or damage thereto.

2.2.4 Clearing and Grubbing :

The Contractor shall perform the clearing and grubbing (if any) of top soil consisting
mainly of loose soil, vegetable and organic matters, drift sand, unsuitable soil and
rubbish by scarifying the areas to be excavated and side-walks to a minimum depth of
300mm from the natural ground level.

All materials resulting from the above operations shall be loaded and removed from
the Site, transported to and off loaded, spread and levelled at approved dumps as
directed by the Engineer.

2.2.5 Setting-Out :

The Contractor shall stake-out the work as shown on the Drawings and secure the
Engineer's approval of his stake-out before proceeding with construction. If, in the
opinion of the Engineer, modification of the line or grade is advisable before or after
stake-out the Engineer will issue detailed instructions in writing to the Contractor for
such modification and the Contractor shall revise the stake-out for further approval in
accordance with the relevant Clause of the Conditions of Contract.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.3 EXCAVATION :

2.3.1 General :

The Contractor shall perform all excavations true to lines, widths and depths shown on
the Drawings or to such further lines, depths or dimensions as may be directed by the
Engineer to reach a suitable strata.

2.3.2 Excavation in Rock :

Rock shall be defined as boulders, exceeding 0.25m³ in volume or any kind of stone or
rock formation which in the opinion of the Engineer's Representative requires for its
removal drilling and blasting, wedging, sledging or barring, or breaking up with a
power-operated hand tool. The definition shall exclude any soft or disintegrated rock
which can be removed with a hand pick or mechanical excavator or shovel, or loose,
shaken or previously blasted rock or broken stone in rock fillings or elsewhere. Blasting
by explosive shall not be permitted.

2.3.3 Planking and Strutting :

The terms "planking and strutting" will be deemed to cover sheet piling, underpinning,
secant piling or any other method the Contractor elects to adopt for shoring the sides
of excavations against the sides of adjoining buildings, public roadways, etc. The
Contractor will be held responsible for shoring the sides of all excavations, adjoining
building and the like and no claim for additional excavation, concrete or other material
and workmanship will be considered in this respect.

In the event of any collapse occurring during the excavations, the Contractor shall re-
excavate and re-instate such excavations at his own expense. No additional
excavations will be paid for should the Contractor batter the sides of the excavations.

2.3.4 Keeping Excavations Free from Water :

All excavations shall be kept clear of water by pumping or bailing or by well-point de-
watering, but the latter system shall not be employed if any danger exists of
withdrawing water from the foundations of the adjoining buildings and such water
shall be discharged clear of the works. The method adopted shall in no way
contravene the regulations of the Local Authorities. A method statement shall be
provided as detailed under "Existing Services and Diversions" in Section - 1.

The system or systems to be employed shall be approved by the Engineer. Such

approval if given shall not waive the Contractor's responsibilities and liabilities under
the Contract.

Particular attention shall be paid to the installation of sheeting and shoring as may be
necessary for the protection of the work and for the safety of personnel and public.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.3 EXCAVATION [Cont'd]

2.3.4 Keeping Excavations Free from Water [Cont'd]

Where the excavation level is below the natural water table and it is necessary to
pump continuously from the excavation or to install a specialist form of de-watering
equipment around the perimeter of the site or excavation, the Contractor will be
responsible for ensuring that the equipment installed will allow the excavation and
subsequent construction to be carried out in dry conditions.

Continuos or permanent de-watering of the excavation or Site may not be undertaken

without the written approval of the Engineer to the work and the method to be
employed which shall also comply with the Codes of Practice and Local Authority
requirements.

The water pumped from excavations or well points shall be pumped to disposal points
or sumps as approved by the Engineer and / or Local Authority and if so required be
passed through settling tanks before disposal. Under no circumstances must water be
disposed of in the Municipality's sewer system.

The Contractor shall make good at his own expense any damage that may result from
his failure to keep the excavation free from water.

2.3.5 Storing of Suitable Excavated Material :

During excavation, materials suitable for backfill and fill as specified under backfill
and fill clause and surplus excavated materials shall be immediately removed, loaded
and transported off Site area by the Contractor to dumps located by and approved by
the local authorities concerned.

2.3.6 Excavation for Foundations and Sub-Structures :

The levels to which the Contractor shall excavate are shown on the Drawings. Should
it be found necessary to reach a more suitable strata, the Contractor shall perform all
additional excavation as directed by the Engineer.

During excavation for foundations, the bottom layer of excavation of minimum

200mm in thickness, shall be left undisturbed and subsequently removed manually
only when the concrete blinding is about to be placed in order to avoid softening or
deterioration of the surfaces of the excavation.

Bottom of all excavations shall be formed to correct levels as shown on the Drawings
or as directed in writing by the Engineer and shall be trimmed, levelled and well
cleaned before pouring any concrete.

In the event of the Contractor excavating deeper than the levels shown on the
Drawings, he shall make up the difference between levels with concrete Grade 15 at
his own expense.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.3 EXCAVATION [Cont'd]

2.3.6 Excavation for Foundations and Sub-Structures [Cont'd]

Should loose soil, bad ground or cavities be encountered within any part of the
excavations, the Contractor shall remove such matter and fill to the appropriate levels
with hardcore or other approved fill material levelled and compacted to the Engineer's
satisfaction. Material and degree of compaction shall be as specified under fill and
backfill clauses.

After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer to that
effect and no concrete shall be placed until the Engineer has approved the excavation
and the character of the foundation material.

2.3.7 Excavation for Trenches :

The Contractor shall excavate trenches and provide all planking and strutting
necessary to install all drainage, sewer, water supply, electrical and telephone cables to
the lines and grades complete in strict conformity with these specifications, applicable
Drawings and / or as directed by the Engineer.

The bottom of the trenches shall be accurately graded to provide uniform bearing and
support for each section of the pipe on undisturbed soil at every point along its length,
except for the portions of the pipe where it is necessary to excavate for bell-holes and
for proper sealing of joints. Bell-holes and depression for joints shall be dug after the
trench bottom has been graded.

Care shall be taken not to excavate below the depths indicated. Where rock is
encountered, the rock shall be excavated to the required depth. Uneven surfaces of the
bottom of trench shall be excavated 150mm deeper. Such depth, if in rock, shall be
back-filled with concrete grade 15 as specified under "Concrete Works" and when in
earth, shall be back-filled with approved sand as specified under the fine aggregate
clause, at the Contractor's own expense.

Whenever unsuitable soil as specified under backfill and fill clause, which in the
opinion of the Engineer, is incapable of properly supporting the pipe or duct is
encountered in the bottom of the trench, such soil shall be removed to the depth
required and the trench back-filled to the proper grade with sand, fine gravel or other
suitable material as specified under backfill and fill clause, approved by the Engineer.

The width of the trench for drainage at and below the top of the pipe shall be such that
the clear space between the barrel of the pipe and the trench wall shall be 200mm on
each side of the pipe.

The width of the trench above that level may be as wide as necessary for sheeting and
bracing and the proper performance of the work.

Trenches for water supply system shall be of a depth to provide minimum cover to the
top of the pipe of 900mm and avoid interference of water lines with other utilities.
Width of trench shall be a maximum of 200mm on each side of the pipe.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.3 EXCAVATION [Cont'd]

2.3.7 Excavation for Trenches [Cont'd]

The width of trench for electrical and telephone cables shall be as specified in their
relative Sections, banks may be sloped or widened to facilities placement of cables,
but not to an extent that will cause interference with other utilities.

Excavation for manholes, septic tank, percolating pits and similar structures shall be
sufficient to allow a minimum of 800mm of clear space between their outer surfaces
and shoring timbers which may be used to protect the banks.

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL :

2.4.1 Material :

Backfill and imported fill material shall be any structurally sound material obtained
either from excavations or other sources, approved by the Engineer. The material shall
in general comprise non-plastic granular matter, well graded and free from organic or
other perishable items and shall not contain an excess of fines.

In general and unless otherwise indicated or specified, material for backfill of trenches
and excavations around structures, shall be screened gravel, selected borrow or
concrete and shall be used as directed by the Engineer.

The nature of the materials shall govern both their acceptability for backfill and
methods best suited for their placement and compaction in backfill.

The following definitions of earthwork materials shall apply :

A. Top Soil : shall be fertile, friable soil obtained from well drained arable land and
shall be free draining, non toxic and capable of sustaining healthy plant growth.

B. Suitable Material (non-structural fill): shall comprise all material that is

acceptable in accordance with the Contract for use in the Works. Suitable
material for earthworks shall be approved soil obtained from excavations within
the works or from borrow pits approved by the Engineer with the following
characteristics :
- plasticity index shall not exceed 6% (BS 1377 : Part 2, method 5).
- liquid limit not exceed 40% (BS 1377 : Part 2, method 4.5).
- shall not contain more than 5% of water soluble slats by weight of dry soil
(BS 1377 : Part 3, method 8).
- shall not contain fines in excess of 20% passing No. 200 sieve (ASTM C117)
or in excess of 2% organic materials (BS 1377 : Part 3).
- maximum particle size shall not exceed 75mm.
- shall not be susceptible to spontaneous combustion.
- shall not contain any other material which the Engineer may deem to be
unsuitable for earthworks.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL [Cont'd]

2.4.1 Material [Cont'd]

C. Screened Gravel (Structural fill) : shall be material as directed by the Engineer

and shall be chosen from the following :

- grading similar to that shown below :

Sieve Size Alternatives / Percent Passing

A B C

2 in. (50.8 mm) - 100 -

1½ in. (38.1 mm) 100 70-100 -
1 in. (25.4 mm) 75-100 55-85 100
¾ in. (19.1 mm) 60-90 50-80 70-100
½ in. (12.7 mm) 45-80 - -
3/8 in. (9.52 mm) 40-70 40-70 50-80
No. 4 (4.76 mm) 30-65 30-60 35-80
No. 10 (2.00 mm) 20-40 20-50 25-50
No. 40 (0.42 mm) 8-20 10-30 15-30
No. 200 (0.074 mm) 5-10 5-15 5-15

- shall exhibit the following characteristics when tested as indicated :

Test Standard Limit

Los Angeles Abrasion ASTM C 131 40% max

Soundness (NA2 SO4 Solution) ASTM C 88 12% max
Liquid Limit ASTM D 4318 25% max
Plasticity Index ASTM D 4318 6% max
Compaction test ASTM D 1557 -
(Modified Proctor) (Method D)
C.B.R. at 100% of modified (ASTM D 1883)
Proctor density (96 hr. soaked) 80% min
Field density ASTM D 1556/D2922 100% min
Sulphate Content BS 1377 (Part 3) 0.5% max
Chloride Content BS 812 (Part 117) 1% max

- moisture content of the compacted material shall not vary more than ±
3% of the optimum moisture content (OMC).

- shall possess satisfactory binding characteristics to enable it to be

compacted to give a smooth well knit surface as judged by the Engineer.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL [Cont'd]

2.4.2 Requirements and Testing :

The following requirements, tests and frequencies shall be followed :

- Density and OMC for each fill material as defined by ASTM D1557 Method D
and determined in an approved laboratory shall be referenced to the Engineer.
The percentage of compaction shall be determined by the percent of maximum
dry density at OMC in accordance with ASTM D1557 Method D.

If some of the materials are larger than 19mm, the maximum density shall be corrected
by the following formula :

D = (P,, Df)/100 + (Pc x 0.90Dt)/100

Where D = Corrected maximum dry density
Pc = Percent of material retained on the 19mm sieve
Pf = Percent of material passing the 19mm sieve
Df = Maximum density of material passing 19mm sieve
Dt = Bulk specific gravity of material retained on 19mm sieve
multiplied by 1000 kg/m³.

The area of excavation and the length of trench open at any one time shall be
controlled according to the site conditions and subject to limits as directed by
Engineer.

Excavation support system (wood or steel sheeting, soldier piles, wood lagging and
secant pile walls) and bracing shall be cut off or left in place at elevations/locations
determined and as directed by the Engineer.

Well points and pumps shall be installed under the supervision of competent
representatives of specialist sub-contractors in accordance with the requirements
specified under the relevant clauses/sections.

During progress of work, earth-moving operations shall be conducted in such a

manner so as to minimize the creation and dispersion of dust.

Suitable and safe ramps or other covered crossing where required shall be provided
access to construction personnel and other users during construction, and shall be
removed on completion.

A. Excavated material/selected Borrow (non structural fill) :

Non Compacted :

- Gradation Analysis - one test per 4,000m³ of excavated on-site soil

stockpiled for use as compacted on-site fill material and whenever
classification of material is in doubt and/or as directed by Engineer.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL [Cont'd]

2.4.2 Requirements and Testing [Cont'd]

A. Excavated material/selected Borrow (non structural fill) [Cont'd]

Non Compacted [Cont'd]

- Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index - One test per 4,000m³ of
excavated on-site soil stockpiled for use as compacted on-site fill material
and whenever classification of material is in doubt.

Liquid Limit > 40%, Plastic Limit > 11%

- Moisture Density - One per 4,000m³ of soil placed and/or whenever visual
inspection indicates a significant change in material gradation.

Compacted :

- In-Place Density - Areas greater than 100m²; one per 800m³ placed, or one
per alternate lift, whichever results in a greater frequency. Minimum
percentage compaction.

Areas 100m² or less; one per every half (½) meter of compacted fill.

Number of field density tests shall be minimum three per unit as indicated in
ASTM D979 & D75.

B. Screened Grave: (Structural Backfill) :

- Contractor's soil testing laboratory to provide sufficient inspection to

ensure compaction of fill material and compaction equipment in use.

- Gradation Analysis - One for each source and whenever visual inspection
indicates a significant change in material gradation

2.4.3 Tolerances :

Finished surfaces shall be constructed to plus or minus 25mm of the elevations

indicated.

Cut and fill areas shall be graded to within plus or minus 60mm of the grades
indicated.

Edges of embankments shall be completed to plus or minus 60mm of the slope lines
indicated.

The Engineer shall be provided with adequate survey information to verify

compliance with above tolerances.

Moisture content of fill material shall be maintained within ± 2% of optimum moisture

content (OMC) as specified in the case of structural backfill.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL [Cont'd]

2.4.4 Submittals :

The Contractor shall submit the followings for the approval of Engineer :
- Detailed sequence of work, description of construction methods, including de-
watering and erosion control measures. Formulated schedule and procedures to
eliminate possibility of undermining or disturbing foundations of partially and
completed structures, pipelines and embankments or existing structures and
pipelines.
- No excavation shall be permitted until schedule and procedures have been
reviewed and approved by Engineer.
- Information on proposed compaction equipment at least to weeks prior to use.
Compaction operations shall not be commenced until the equipment has been
reviewed and approved by the Engineer.
- Details of dust control measures at least two weeks prior to start of any earth
moving activities.
- Locations of proposed borrow sources for screened gravel and selected borrow, at
least two weeks prior to use of material.
- Laboratory test results every week or as required by the Engineer.
- Written verification of fill thickness and compaction weekly or as required by the
Engineer.
- Tamping tools adapted for the back-filling of retention system voids after its
removal.

2.4.5 Workmanship :

Materials for back-filling shall comply with and be laid in accordance with BS 6031 :
1981 Code of Practice for earthworks.

Approved suitable excavated material as specified under "Materials" shall be used on

the back-filling and filling next to footings, foundations, underground structures, under
sub-floors, etc. and shall be laid in layers not exceeding 200mm thick and compacted
with compaction equipment or mechanical tampers when not possible to use such
compaction equipment, as approved by the Engineer. A relative compaction of at least
95% of the laboratory maximum dry density shall be achieved at optimum moisture
content determined in accordance with Test 13 of BS 1377.

Should the quantity of excavated material be not sufficient for the process of backfill
and fill, the Contractor shall obtain the quantity required of such backfill and fill from
approved borrow pits and transport same to the Site of work at his own expense.

No backfill shall be executed until the footings, foundations, etc. have been inspected,
measured and approved by the Engineer.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.4 BACKFILL AND FILL [Cont'd]

2.4.5 Workmanship [Cont'd]

Trenches shall not back-filled until all required tests are performed and until the
Engineer has verified that the pipes and cables have been installed in accordance with
the Specifications and the Drawings. Unless otherwise stated in the Specification,
selected fine dry material free from stones, organic matter, lumps and deleterious
materials shall be carefully hand packed and tamped around the lower half of the pipes
and against the sides of the trench, and for the full width of the trench in order to avoid
displacement of the pipes. Filling shall then be continued to a height of 150mm above
the pipes and levelled across the trench from side to side with selected fine material
which shall be hand packed and consolidated with wooden or other approved rammers.

Each layer shall then be well rammed and consolidated before the next layer is placed,
until the trench is completely filled to the required levels. Power ramming shall be
permitted on layers which are 300mm above the crown of the pipes provided that all
the lower layers have been hand rammed to a satisfactory level of compaction and
tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification.

2.4.6 Settlement :

The Contractor shall be responsible for making good all settlement of filling that may
occur up to the end of the maintenance period of the Contract, unless stated otherwise
in the Specification.

2.4.7 Testing :

Sampling and testing shall be as detailed under laboratory tests in Section - 1 and
elsewhere in this Section.

In addition the Engineer may at any time carry out dry density tests. The Engineer
shall check the results of the tests for the adequacy of degree of compaction as defined
under the fill & backfill clause, by comparison with the degree of compaction achieve.
Should the compaction be inadequate then the Contractor shall carry out such further
works as is necessary to improve the compaction to comply with the terms of the
Contract. All such additional work and testing involved shall be at the expense of the
Contractor.

2.5 DEWATERING :

PART 1 - GENERAL :

2.5.1 Description :

The work included in this Section covers the complete dewatering of the Site as
required during the excavation and construction of the building, including the
provision of temporary piezometer.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.5 DEWATERING [Cont'd]

PART 1 - GENERAL [Cont'd]

2.5.2 Dewatering System(s) Design :

The Contractor shall submit for approval his proposed design and detailed layout for
the dewatering system or systems he intends to install. The proposed system(s) shall
be designed to ensure the following:

a) The lowering of the water table over the site to allow excavation to proceed and
maintaining the water level below the base of excavation as it proceeds
(drawdown period).

b) The reduction of piezometric levels in the underlying strata sufficiently during

the drawdown stage to ensure stability of the excavation.

c) Once excavation is complete the water level in the ground must be maintained,
during the construction period, at least 1.00 metre below the deepest excavation
level until the Engineer decides dewatering may be stopped. Restoring the water
level to its initial position shall be made after the space between the face of the
excavation and the basement wall is backfilled and once the weight of the
structure exceeds the hydrostatic uplift and the roof slab of the basement is
completed and formwork stripped. In any event, the decision as to when
dewatering operations shall cease or be reduced shall be exclusively that of the
Engineer.

d) That "heave" of the excavation base due to upward ground water pressure does
not occur.

e) The System(s) must run twenty-four ( 24 ) hours a day and the design shall
include sufficient standby pumps connected in the system(s) so as to operate
automatically in case of pumps failure.

2.5.3 Requirements of Regulatory Agencies :

Perform dewatering work in accordance with applicable rules, regulations, codes and
ordinances of local authorities, and in accordance with the requirements of the public
utility owners having jurisdiction over the work. Obtain and pay for all necessary
permits, licenses and certificates and give all notices as required during the
performance of the dewatering work.

2.5.4 Dewatering Equipment and Monitoring Piezometers :

a) Provide and maintain complete dewatering equipment necessary for lowering

and maintaining the water table at the required levels.

b) Provide all necessary perimeter trenches, pipes, sumps, pumps, etc., as required
for the purpose of collecting and disposing of all excess water inflow into the
bottom of excavations.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.5 DEWATERING [Cont'd]

PART 1 - GENERAL [Cont'd]

2.5.4 Dewatering Equipment and Monitoring Piezometers [Cont'd]

c) Provide and maintain minimum two ( 2 ) temporary piezometers for monitoring

the water table levels on site on a daily basis during the drawdown and
construction phases. The location to be decided by the Engineer.

d) Failure of equipment or system(s) installed by the Contractor shall not entitle

the Contractor to additional payment or extra time for completion in respect of
any additional measures necessarily employed by him in order to provide and
maintain dry working conditions.

2.5.5 Submittals :

a) Before commencing any work under this Section submit the following for
approval by the Engineer :
i) Detailed shop drawings indicating system(s) layout, pumps, standby
pumps, generators, access, temporary piezometers, etc., and complete
design criteria and calculations.
ii) A dewatering programme showing commencement and completion dates
for the various stages of the dewatering works and indicating the methods
and sequence of operations involved, with full details of the necessary
attendant labour to be provided on a full time round-the-clock basis.

b) The Engineer's approval to the above referred submittals shall not relieve the
Contractor from his obligations and liabilities under the Contract and the
Contractor shall be responsible for selecting, operating and maintaining an
efficient dewatering system(s) such as will ensure dry working conditions
through the draw down and construction periods.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS :

2.5.6 Materials :

Provide suitable dewatering materials which are necessary for keeping the excavation
dry. Materials shall be as selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
Such approval shall not absolve the Contractor from his responsibility to provide
adequate dewatering system in accordance with the requirements of the contract.

PART 3 - EXECUTION :

2.5.7 General :

a) Install and maintain complete dewatering system(s) and temporary piezometers

in accordance with the approved shop drawing and dewatering programme.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.5 DEWATERING [Cont'd]

PART 3 - EXECUTION [Cont'd]

2.5.7 General [Cont'd]

b) All pumps and other equipment shall have proper safety guards and locations of
all equipment shall be properly lit and supervised at all times.

c) Provide and maintain easy and safe access to all pumps and valves in the
dewatering system(s).

d) Maintain the area between the shoring line and the structure and keep free of
any oil, fuel, rubbish, etc., arising from the operation and maintenance of the
dewatering system.

2.6 SHORING :

PART 1 - GENERAL :

2.6.1 Description :

a) General :

Provide shoring in accordance with the requirements of the Contract

Documents/Municipality.

The extent of shoring work shall include, but not limited to the following :
i) Shoring necessary to protect existing buildings, streets, walkways and
utilities and excavation against loss of ground or caving embankments
and excessive lateral or vertical movement.
ii) Maintenance of shoring.
iii) Extract and removing all shoring materials installed outside the property
line.
iv) Cutting off top of shoring system where not being removed.

b) Type of shoring system include, but is not limited to the following :

i) Soldier 'H' piles.
ii) Ground anchors.
iii) Timber lagging/concrete panels.
iv) Concrete encasing to piles below Excavation level.
v) Any other requirement as directed by the Engineer.

c) Building excavation is specified under Section "Earthwork".

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.6 SHORING [Cont'd]

PART 1 - GENERAL [Cont'd]

2.6.2 Quality Assurance :

a) Supervision :

Assign supervision of shoring work to a qualified engineer experienced in this

field and approved by the Engineer.

b) Regulations :

Comply with local codes and ordinances of governing authorities having

jurisdiction.

2.6.3 Submittals :

a) Submit design drawings for the shoring system together with construction
techniques and all relevant structural design calculations to the Engineer for
review and approval.

b) Design shoring for final excavation level as indicated on the Drawings. Final
levels shall be as calculated by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.

2.6.4 Site Conditions :

a) Before starting work, check and verify governing dimensions and elevations. In
company with the Engineer, jointly survey condition of adjoining properties.
Take photographs, as directed by the Engineer, recording any prior settlement or
cracking of structures and pavement. Prepare a list of such damages, verified
by dated photographs, and signed by the Contractor, the Engineer and others
conducting the investigation.

b) Survey adjacent structures, establishing exact elevations at fixed points to act as

benchmarks. Clearly identify benchmarks and record existing elevations.
Locate datum level used to establish benchmark elevations sufficiently distant
so as not to be affected by movement resulting from excavation operations.

c) During excavation under this Contract, re-survey benchmarks weekly. Maintain

accurate log of surveyed elevations for comparison with original elevations.
Promptly notify the Engineer if changes in elevations occur or if cracks, sags or
other damage is evident. Propose remedial work and execute as approved by
the Engineer.

2.6.5 Existing Utilities :

Protect existing active sewer, water, gas, electricity, telephone and other utility
services and structures.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.6 SHORING [Cont'd]

PART 1 - GENERAL [Cont'd]

2.6.6 Design Requirements to be the Responsibility of the Contractor :

a) The Contractor is required to provide a complete shoring system.

b) The responsibility for the design of the shoring shall rest entirely with the
Contractor. This work shall be sublet to an approved specialist Sub-contractor.
Qualifications and experience records of the Sub-contractor's staff shall also be
submitted to the Engineer for approval.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS :

2.6.7 Materials :

a) General :

Provide suitable shoring materials which will support loads imposed. Materials
shall be as selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. Such
approval shall not absolve the Contractor from his responsibility to provide
adequate shoring in accordance with the requirements of the Contract.

PART 3 - EXECUTION :

2.6.8 Shoring :

a) General :

Protect the site from caving and unacceptable soil movement and install shoring
as required.

b) Shoring system shall be adequately anchored to resist earth and hydrostatic

pressures.

c) Bore holes to their final levels, erect soldier or 'H' piles in the bored holes, align
to true line and level, and encase bottom portion of the piles below Excavation
level with concrete. Where shoring is to be later removed (i.e. where outside
the property line) wrap the end of the 'H' piles in a suitable approved material to
facilitate their withdrawal.

d) The shoring within the boundaries of the property line may remain in place
following the completion of the works included in this Contract but the
Contractor will be required to cut off the top of the shoring (minimum one ( 1 )
meter below finished ground or paving level), and make openings for service
and utility connections, as and when required by the Engineer.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.6 SHORING [Cont'd]

PART 3 - EXECUTION [Cont'd]

2.6.9 Earthworks

a) Foundations are designed based on SBC as mentioned in Drawings.

b) Based on site investigation report, Engineer shall inform the Contractor about
the requirements for foundation construction. Excavation to be stated
afterwards.

c) Weak soil if encountered at foundation level, the same to be replaced with

approved good soil and to be well compacted using heavy mechanical vibrators.

d) Entire covered area shall be watered and well compacted using heavy
mechanical vibrators.

e) If recommended, compacting to be done using heavy rollers (20 tonnes) to

achieve the required density, without any extra cost. Field compaction achieved
to that specified.

f) Contractor is advised to visit the site before pricing the works. No extra shall
be paid for :
i) Filling required if any,
ii) Cutting required if any, shoring required if any.
iii) Dewatering required if any.
iv) Excavated material to be tested in laboratories and must be approved by
the Engineer for suitable for backfilling as per BS and American
Standards. In case of excavated from site and backfill up to plinth level
with an approved imported material. No extra shall be paid for these
works.

g) Level 0’-0” at site to be fixed by consultant. Generally it is the higher of

adjacent bitumen road levels near the entrances (center of road or kerb stone
level whichever is greater). If bitumen is not yet formed, then contractor to get
the planned future road levels from Dubai Municipality.

h) Site investigation report has been prepared. Contractor should conform to the
report, and the recommendations given in the drawings.

j) Before starting the Piles, or Raft or foundation works the contractor should
submit the third party insurance policy as required by consultant and D.M.
Contractor should also submit photograph of the adjoining property clearly
indicating the condition and cracks if any.

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 Part - 3 (Specifications)
Section - 2
Excavation and Earthworks

2.6 SHORING [Cont'd]

PART 3 - EXECUTION [Cont'd]

2.6.10 Structural Works

All structural drawings, details and notes mentioned in the Drawings for part of this.

All materials and construction shall conform to relevant British Standards.

Only few basic requirements are given below. For further information and details,
refer to British Standards and Engineer.

3/2/19