Title: Change the world and improve the sustainability – 4 step approach

Author: Chandima Gunasena Contact: Email: cpg810@gmail.com Phone: +94777181928

Introduction

Sustainability of the planet ecosystems are questionable while heading for the forth industrial
revolution even with the Sustainable Development Goals or Millennium Development Goals Figure 1.

Figure 1: Facts that millennium development goals missed

This is mainly due to the mismatch of livelihood improvements adopted by the humans compared to
other living beings.

Humans came out form the forest and livelihood improvements first took place in fertile lands in
Africa. With the population increment they spread horizontally across all most all ecosystems in the
other parts of the world. Cleared natural forest cover in water source areas for residential purposes
and other industrial and commercial needs Figure 2.

Figure 2: Fragmentation of natural forest cover for human settlements

Instead of consuming large number of food varieties as foods, they used various genetical engineering
technologies to breed few selected plant varieties for the consumption and mass scale mono crop
fields came with the expense of natural forest cover creating devastating impacts over natural
ecosystems leading to climate change, water scarcity, soil degradation, excess use of Agro-chemicals
etc.

Access to natural nutrient profile from the natural ecosystems with higher biodiversity was eliminated
with few processed food items, while increasing the non-communicable diseases among low income
groups. People forget the plant based natural treatment methods and pharmaceuticals became one
of the highest income generating industry in the world.

Figure 3: Natural nutrient profile

Various philosophies, religions, education systems, research and development methodologies,

political systems, rules and regulations were developed to protect this existing vicious cycle.

Figure 4: Different human ideologies heading for a common system

Present paper discuss four steps to reverse this vicious cycle and improve the lost sustainability and
have a better livelihood for all living beings in this planet.

Figure 5: Theory of sustainability

Methodology

This whole process could be reverse by practicing following three steps.

1. Change the way of establishing settlement schemes

2. Change the land use and cultivation patterns
3. Change the existing food habits
4. Reforest deserts in Africa and Australia
 1. Change the way of establishing settlement schemes
1.1 Use of vertical space available along the existing road network

Vertical space available along the existing road network could be used to have well developed
settlement schemes to cater to emerging economies and settlement needs.

Figure 6: Proposed human settlement scheme along an express high way

Figure 7: Multiple layers of settlements with multiple road networks

This type of human settlement schemes will free large amount of lands either side of these schemes,
which could be used to cultivate diverse fauna for the consumption and medicinal purposes.
Furthermore, this approach will increase the biodiversity in the planet and will have positive impact
on climate change, will be able to streamline all power supply lines, drainage lines, telecommunication
lines and sewerage lines efficiently compared to traditional village systems Figure 6 and 7. This
approach will eliminate the problems confronted with all administrative boundaries and letting people
to live together without all levels of discriminations while having close monitoring system to avoid
violence.
 1.2. Settlement schemes for flat lands

Figure 8: Settlement schemes for flat lands

As shown in the Figure 8, proposed settlement schemes for flat lands having wetlands and reservoirs
will help to protect the ecosystem services and their resilience while improving the livelihoods of
humans and other flora and fauna. All settlement schemes must be planned along the interface
between the higher ground and wetlands or low lying areas.

1.3. Settlement schemes for highlands

Figure 9: Traditional approach of developing settlement schemes in hilly areas

This approach will disturb the hydrology and ecosystem services and the resilience of all ecosystems
in highlands.
 Figure 10: Settlement schemes for hilly areas

As shown in the Figure 10, settlement schemes have to be planned along the interface between the
highland and the flat land. This approach will facilitate to have more space to grow diverse edible flora
varieties in the hilly areas while maintaining the ecosystem services ad resilience at the optimum level.

Figure 11: Proposed settlement scheme for a flood plain

Figure 11 shows a proposed settlement scheme for a flood plain. This will help to occur the natural
flooding mechanism in flood plains without damaging to settlement schemes.

Redefining human habitat

Above all settlement schemes will help to redefine the human habitat as a human colony established
within the interface between highland and lowland expanding vertically, integrating all power lines,
telecommunication lines, sewerage and drainage lines, along the colony with coordinated solid waste
management program and having farmlands either side of the colony while safeguarding the highland
and lowland ecosystem resilience and surface and ground water resources.
 2. Change the land use and cultivation patterns

As discussed under proposed settlement schemes, new land policies have to be defined and
implemented to manage the land. Individual land ownership could be kept as it is while practicing
common cultivation plan developed and implemented by the government or the local authority.
Cultivation plans must be developed to cultivate large number of food crops while maintaining the
biodiversity and helping to maintain the ecosystem services and resilience of lands available for
cultivation and to have reserved forest areas.

3. Change the existing food habits

As shown in the Figure 3, access to natural nutrient profile must be reestablished by cultivating all
edible plant varieties in all home gardens and other areas to improve the biodiversity and manage
ecosystem services and resilience. Technologies and production processes must be developed to
process, preserve and produce delicious foods and drinks. Humans have to avoid excess use of process
foods with excess salts, sugars and fats. Instead new foods and drinks rich with natural nutrients must
be marketed and make available at a reasonable cost. Since the growing raw materials are controlled
by local authorities, everybody will have a same chance to have cost effective foods and drinks.

4. Reforest deserts in Africa and Australia

Reforesting desert areas in Africa and Australia will help to combat climate change. Labor requirement
for this could be supplied by altering the migration policies of these countries to facilitate migrants as
labors.
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Links

Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chandima_Gunasena

Academia.org https://independent.academia.edu/ChandimaGunasena