TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Right-Triangle Definitions
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
• sin 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
• cos 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
• tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

1
• cosec 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃

1
• sec 𝜃 = Co-Function Identities:
cos 𝜃
𝜋
1
• sin ( − 𝜃) = cos(𝜃 )
2
• cot 𝜃 =
tan 𝜃 𝜋
• cos ( − 𝜃) = sin(𝜃 )
2

𝜋
Parity Identities (Even & • sin ( + 𝜃) = cos(𝜃 )
2
Odd) 𝜋
• cos ( + 𝜃) = − sin(𝜃 )
• sin(−𝜃 ) = − sin 𝜃 2

• sin(𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = sin(𝜃 )
• cos(−𝜃 ) = cos(𝜃 )
• sin(𝜋 + 𝜃 ) = − sin(𝜃 )
• tan(−𝜃 ) = − tan(𝜃 )
• cos(𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = − cos(𝜃 )

• cos(𝜋 + 𝜃 ) = − cos(𝜃 )
Sum and Difference Formulas:

• sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) = sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 + cos 𝑎 sin 𝑏

• sin(𝑎 − 𝑏) = sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 − cos 𝑎 sin 𝑏

• cos(𝑎 + 𝑏) = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 − sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏

• cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) = cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 + sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏

tan 𝑎+tan 𝑏
• tan(𝑎 + 𝑏) =
1−tan 𝑎 tan 𝑏

tan(𝑎)− tan(𝑏)
• tan(𝑎 − 𝑏) =
1+tan(𝑎) tan(𝑏)

Pythagorean Identities: Double Angle Formulas:

• 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 • sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

• 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 • cos 2𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
• 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1
= 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2 tan 𝜃
Power- Reducing/ Half • tan 2𝜃 =
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
Angle Formulas:
1−cos 2𝜃
• 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 =
2 Law of sines:
1+cos 2𝜃
• 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
2 • = =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
1−cos 2𝜃
• 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1+cos 2𝜃
Sum-to-Product Formulas:
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
• sin 𝑎 + sin 𝑏 = 2 sin ( 2
) cos ( 2
)

𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
• sin 𝑎 − sin 𝑏 = 2 cos ( 2
) sin ( 2
)

𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
• cos 𝑎 + cos 𝑏 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2

𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
• cos 𝑎 − cos 𝑏 = −2 sin ( 2
) sin ( 2
)

Product-to-Sum Formulas:
1
• sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 = [cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) − cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)]
2

1
• cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = [cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)]
2

1
• sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = [sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) + sin(𝑎 − 𝑏)]
2

1
• cos 𝑎 sin 𝑏 = [sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) − sin(𝑎 − 𝑏)]
2

Law of cosines:

• 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
• 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
• 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶