lOMoARcPSD|3320675

Slider crank - dynamics lab experiments

Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (University of Engineering & Technology Lahore)

StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM

Experiment No. 1
Slider crank Mechanism
Objective:
To obtain the dynamics analysis in terms of velocity and acceleration of the
slider crank and to study the working principle of Slider Crank Mechanism

Apparatus:
 Slider Crank apparatus

 Meter rod
 Degree meter showing crank position
 Graph paper
Introduction:
A quick return mechanism is an apparatus that converts circular motion(rotating
motion following a circular path) into reciprocating motion(repetitive back-and-
forth linear motion) in presses and shaping machines, which are utilized to
shape stocks of metal into flat surfaces. Unlike the crank and slider, the forward
reciprocating motion is slower rate than the return stroke. At the bottom of the
drive arm, the peg only has to move through a few degrees to sweep the arm
from left to right, but it takes the remainder of the revolution to bring the arm
back. This is why it is called quick return mechanismm.
Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM

Theory and Mechanism:

 Links and joints:
A mechanical linkage is an assembly of bodies connected to manage forces and
movement. The movement of a body, or link, is studied using geometry so the
link is considered to be rigid.[1] The connections between links are modeled as
providing ideal movement, pure rotation or sliding for example, and are called
joints. A linkage modelled as a network of rigid links and ideal joints is called
a kinematic chain.
 Kinematic link:
Each part of a machine, that undergoes relative motion with respect to some
other part, is called kinematic link (or kinematic element). Kinematic links help
in the transmission of motion, from one machine part to another.
The connecting rods shown in the image below (brown in colour) are individual
kinematic links. They are used for transmitting motion from piston to crankshaft
in an engine.
Kinematic links form the backbone of any mechanical system.

Types of Kinematic links:

Based on rigidity, kinematic links can be broadly classified into three types.
They are:

1. Rigid link
2. Flexible link and
3. Fluid link

Slider-crank mechanism, arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert

straight-line motion to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to
convert rotary motion to straight-line motion, as in a reciprocating piston pump.
The basic nature of the mechanism and the relative motion of the parts can best
be described with the aid of the accompanying figure,

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM

in which the moving parts are lightly shaded. The darkly shaded part 1, the
fixed frame or block of the pump or engine, contains a cylinder, depicted
in cross section by its walls DE and FG, in which the piston, part 4, slides back
and forth. The small circle at A represents the main crankshaft bearing, which is
also in part 1. The crankshaft, part 2, is shown as a straight member extending
from the main bearing at A to the crankpin bearing at B, which connects it to the
connecting rod, part 3. The connecting rod is shown as a straight member
extending from the crankpin bearing at B to the wristpin bearing at C,which
connects it to the piston, part 4, which is shown as a rectangle. The three
bearings shown as circles at A, B, and C permit the connected members to rotate
freely with respect to one another. The path of B is a circle of
radius AB; when B is at point h the piston will be in position H, and when B is at
point j the piston will be in position J. On a gasoline engine, the head end of the
cylinder (where the explosion of the gasoline-air mixture takes place) is
at EG; the pressure produced by the explosion will push the piston from
position H to position J; return motion from J to H will require the rotational
energy of a flywheel attached to the crankshaft and rotating about a bearing
collinear with bearing A. On a reciprocating piston pump the crankshaft would
be driven by a motor.

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM
 Links in slider crank:
A slider-crank linkage is a four-link mechanism with three revolute joints and
one prismatic, or sliding, joint.

In figure above 1 is fixed link , 2 is crank ,3 is connecting rod , and 4 is slider .

The rotation of the crank drives the linear movement the slider, or the expansion
of gases against a sliding piston in a cylinder can drive the rotation of the crank.
There are two types of slider-cranks: in-line and offset.

1. In-line: An in-line slider-crank has its slider positioned so the line of

travel of the hinged joint of the slider passes through the base joint of the
crank. This creates a symmetric slider movement back and forth as the
crank rotates.
2. Offset: If the line of travel of the hinged joint of the slider does not pass
through the base pivot of the crank, the slider movement is not
symmetric. It moves faster in one direction than the other. This is called
a quick-return mechanism.

Procedure:
1. Place the rotary at zero and use this as reference point with zero
displacement.
2. Rotate table clockwise and offset it by 30 degrees from starting
position.
3. Note the readings on linear scale of slider for this degree of offset in
inches.
4. Keep offsetting the rotary crank by 30 degree and noting thecorrespon
ding position till 360 degrees.
5. Plot a graph between displacement and the crank position to obtain the
curve.
6. Complete experimental values of velocities by taking points on curve
and tangents then find slope on these points.

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM
7. Plot a graph between degree and velocity.
8. Now take various points on the velocity curve and draw tangents.
slope of these tangents will give us acceleration at these points.
9. Draw acceleration graph between degree and acceleration.

Observations and Calculations:

Sr.
Degree Displacemen Velocity Acceleration
No. position t (degree/in) (degree/ ¿2
(in) )

1 0 0 0 2.5
2 30 0.45 1.25 2.165
3 60 1.5 2.165 1.25
4 90 2.8 2.5 0
5 120 4 2.165 -1.25
6 150 4.8 1.25 -2.165
7 180 5 0 -2.5
8 210 4.7 -1.25 -2.165
9 240 3.9 -2.165 -1.25
10 270 2.7 -2.5 0
11 300 1.4 -2.165 1.25
12 330 0.35 -1.25 2.165
13 360 0 0 2.5

Graph:

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM

Applications:
Different mechanism by fixing different link of slider crank chain are as
follows:
First inversion
 This inversion is obtained when link 1 (ground body) is fixed.
Application- Reciprocating engine, Reciprocating compressor etc.

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|3320675

DYNAMICS LAM

Second inversion
 This inversion is obtained when link 2 (crank) is fixed. Application-
Whitworth quick return mechanism, Rotary engine, etc...
Third inversion
 This inversion is obtained when link 3 (connecting rod) is fixed.
Application- Slotted crank mechanism, Oscillatory engine etc..,
Fourth inversion
 This inversion is obtained when link 4 (slider) is fixed. Application- Hand
pump, pendulum pump or Bull engine, etc.
 revolver mechanisms

Comments:
The graphs we obtained are parabolic for displacement ,sine curve for velocity
and cosine curve for acceleration.

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.
Downloaded by usama imran (step.usamabinimran@gmail.com)