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SPECIFICATIONS CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

R.W. Armstrong & Associates 042200

SECTION 042200

CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

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SECTION 042200
CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and


Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this
Section.
B. General notes of structural; drawings apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes unit masonry assemblies consisting of the following:


1. Concrete masonry units (CMUs).
2. Concrete and masonry lintels.
3. Mortar and grout.
4. Reinforcing steel.
5. Masonry joint reinforcement.
6. Ties and anchors.
7. Miscellaneous masonry accessories.

B. Products installed, but not furnished, under this Section include the following:
1. Where applicable, steel shelf angles for unit masonry, furnished under
Division 05 Section "Metal Fabrications."

C. Products installed, but not furnished, under this Section include the following:
1. Firestopping for unit masonry, furnished under Division 07 Section "Penetration
Firestopping"

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Reinforced Masonry: Masonry containing reinforcing steel in grouted cells.

1.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. The following British and American reference standards included in this Section shall
apply as specified. Where conflicts among codes, standards and specifications exist,
the one having the most stringent requirements shall govern:
1. BS EN ISO 1461:1999 Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and
steel articles.
2. BS 4482: 1985 Specs for Cold reduced steel wire for reinforcement of concrete.
3. BS 5178: 1975 Specification for pre-stressed concrete pipes for drainage &
sewage.
4. BS EN 772-2: Precuts concrete masonry units.
5. BS 6398: 1983 Specification for bitumen damp-proof courses for masonry.
6. BS EN 771-4: 2001: 'Specification for Masonry units - AAC Mason
7. ASTM A82-97a - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement; 1997.

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8. ASTM A153M-95 -- Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron


and Steel Hardware; 1995.
9. ASTM A366M-97 -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-
Rolled, Commercial Quality; 1997.
10. ASTM A635-91a -- Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-
Thickness Coils, Carbon, Hot-Rolled; 1991.
11. ASTM C90-99 -- Standard Specs for Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units;
1999.
12. ASTM C144-93 -- Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar;
1993.
13. ASTM C150M-97a -- Standard Specification for Portland Cement; 1997.
14. ASTM C207-91 -- Standard Specs for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes;
1991.
15. ASTM C270-99 -- Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry; 1999.
16. ASTM C404-95 -- Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout;
1995.
17. ASTM C476-99 -- Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry; 1999.
18. ASTM D226M-97a - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt
used in Roofing and Waterproofing; 1997.
19. ASTM D2000-96 -Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in
Automotive Applications; 1996.
20. ASTM D2287-96 -- Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer
and Copolymer Molding and Extrusion Compounds; 1996.
21. ASTM E119-98 -- Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
and Materials; 1998.
22. NCMA-TEK 8-2A -- Removal of Stains from Concrete Masonry; National
Concrete Masonry Association; 1998.
23. Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530-99.
24. Standards mentioned elsewhere in the document but not listed above.
B. Conform to the requirements of the Fujairah Municipality, including latest
amendments.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Manufacturer’s technical literature for each type of product and system
indicated. Include manufacturer's specifications for materials, finishes, construction
details, installation instructions, and recommendations for maintenance.
B. Shop Drawings: Show details of construction, including dimensioned drawings,
plans, elevations, sections and details of components to be incorporated into Work
including, but not limited to, the following:
1. Concrete Masonry Units: Show sizes, profiles, and coursing.
2. Special Masonry Shapes: Submit large-scale details for each shape required or
indicated.
3. Flashing: Large-scale details for each element of flashing system showing layout,
profiles, methods of joining, and anchorage details; including lintel units, shelf
units, corner units, end dam units, conditions showing interface and relationship
to adjacent materials, and other special applications.
4. Reinforcing Steel: Detail bending and placement of unit masonry reinforcing bars.
Comply with ACI 315. Show elevations of reinforced masonry assemblies.
5. Fabricated Flashing: Detail corner units, end-dam units and other special
applications.

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6. Anchors, Ties, and Accessories: Show sizes, coursing, and locations.


7. Control Joints: Show sizes and locations.
C. Samples for Verification Purposes: Submit samples for each item listed below of size
and construction indicated. Where products involve normal color and texture
variations, include sample sets showing the full range of variations expected.
1. Accessories: Samples of manufactured products, including anchors, ties, cavity
drainage material, flashing materials, weeps, vents, and other accessories.
2. Flashing: Samples of each shape, profile, intersection and transition required, not
less than 12 in (300 mm) long, including end dam, and splice/lap joint for
lintel/shelf angle flashing; demonstrate soldering quality.
D. List of Materials Used in Constructing Wall Mock-Ups:
1. Product, material, and equipment names, model numbers, lot numbers, batch
numbers, source of supply, and other information required to identify items used.
Include mix proportions for mortar and source of aggregates.
2. Receipt of list does not constitute acceptance of deviations from Contract
Documents, unless such deviations are specifically accepted by Engineer in
writing.
E. Product Test Reports: Written reports based on evaluation of comprehensive tests
performed by qualified testing agency indicating that each product complies with
requirements.
1. Concrete Masonry Units: Material test reports substantiating compliance with
specified requirements.
2. Cementations Materials: Each product required for mortar, including name of
manufacturer, brand, type, and weight slips at time of delivery.
3. Mortar Mixes: Certification of mortar mix design shall be based on evaluation of
comprehensive tests performed. Include description of type & proportions of
ingredients.
4. Grout Mixes: Certification of grout mix design shall be based on evaluation of
comprehensive tests performed. Include description of type & proportions of
ingredients.
5. Reinforcing bars.
6. Joint reinforcement: Each type and size of manufactured products.
7. Anchors, Ties, and Accessories: Each type and size of manufactured products.
F. Field Quality Control Reports: Written report of testing and inspection required by
“Field Quality Control”.
G. Manufacturer’s Project Acceptance Document: Certification by the manufacturer that
its product(s) are approved, acceptable, suitable for use in specific locations, for
specific details, and for applications indicated, specified, or required. Provide for
each type and size.
H. Qualification Data: For manufacturer and installer: For firms and persons specified in
"Quality Assurance" to demonstrate their capabilities and experience. Include lists of
completed projects with project names and address, names and addresses of Engineer
and Client, and other information specified.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications: Manufacturer with at least 10 years’ experience with


successful production of similar products and systems, with a record of successful in-
service performance and completion of projects for a period of not less than 10 years
and with sufficient production capability, facilities, and personnel to produce required

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Work.
B. Installer Qualifications:
1. Experience: Installer with not less than 10 years’ experience in performing
specified Work similar to scope of this Project, with a record of successful in-
service performance and completion of projects for a period of not less than 10
years, and with sufficient production capability, facilities, and personnel to
produce required Work.
2. Supervision: Installer shall maintain a competent supervisor who is at Project
during times specified Work is in progress that is experienced in installing systems
similar to type and scope required for Project.
C. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent testing agency, acceptable to
authorities having jurisdiction, qualified according to ASTM C 1093 to conduct the
testing indicated.
D. Pre-Construction Testing: If required, Client will employ and pay an independent
testing agency to perform pre-construction testing to establish compliance of proposed
Work with specified requirements.
1. Concrete Masonry Units: Test units as per ASTM C 140, for Dimensions,
Compressive strength, Absorption, Unit Weight (Density) and Moisture Content.
2. Mortar: Test each mortar mix for composition and for plastic and hardened
properties to establish standard for field testing specified under “Field Quality
Control” Article.
a. Test Method: ASTM C 780, Annex A4.
3. Grout: General Requirements: Test each grout mix for compressive strength to
establish standard for field testing specified under “Field Quality Control” Article.
a. Test Method: ASTM C 1019.
4. Specimen Quantity: Provide required number of mortar samples.
5. Reports: Interpret test results and prepare certified reports.
6. Equivalent Option to Testing: Testing will not be required if manufacturer’s data is
based on previous testing, not older than 2 years.
7. Retesting: Retesting of materials failing to meet specified requirements shall at
Contractor's expense.

E. Construction Requirements:
1. Before commencing masonry work, verify that site conditions will allow
construction of masonry within required limitations for wall heights, wall
thickness, openings, bond, anchorage, lateral support, and compressive strengths of
masonry units and mortars.
2. Construct masonry fire rated assemblies to meet requirements of local Civil
Defense Authority and as shown on the drawings – all the marked up walls as per
the instructions of the consultant. Where indicated by the civil defense authorities,
all wall penetrations shall be fire sealed and also sealed to prevent chemical fire
suppression leaks.

F. Source Quality Control:


1. Verify that masonry units and other masonry products specified in this Section
meet specified requirements.
2. In addition to routine conformity tests conducted by Municipality- quality
section, test if so instructed by the Engineer, 5 masonry units selected at random
from each production run to verify that they meet specified requirements.
3. Immediately following each test, submit copy of reports to Engineer.
4. Maintain complete register of all block delivery notes and test results for

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submission to the Engineer and regulatory Municipality Authorities upon


completion of the works.
G. Mock-ups: Prior to fabrication and installation, build mock-up for each form of
construction and finish required to verify selections made under sample Submittals and
to demonstrate aesthetic effects and qualities of materials and execution. Build mock-
up to comply with the following requirements, using materials indicated for the
completed Work:
1. Build mock-up in the location and of the size indicated or, if not indicated, as
directed by Engineer. Contractor shall provide structural support framework.
2. Show typical components, attachments to building structure, and requirements of
installation. Clean exposed faces of mock-up.
3. Notify Engineer seven days in advance of the dates and times when mock-up will
be installed.
4. Demonstrate the proposed range of aesthetic effects and workmanship.
5. Protect accepted mock-up from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
6. Obtain Engineer's acceptance of mock-ups before starting fabrication.
7. Maintain mock-ups during construction in an undisturbed condition as a standard
for review of the completed Work.
8. Acceptance of mock-ups does not constitute acceptance of deviations from the
Contract Documents contained in mock-ups unless such deviations are specifically
noted by Contractor, submitted to and accepted by Engineer in writing.
9. Demolish and remove mock-ups when directed by Engineer unless accepted to
become part of the completed Work.

1.7 PRE-INSTALLATION CONFERENCE

A. Pre-Installation Conference: Before Work begins, conduct conference at Project site to


comply with requirements of applicable Division 01 Sections.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver, handle and store masonry units by means which will prevent mechanical
damage & deterioration due to moisture, temperature changes and contamination by
other materials.
B. Delivery: Label pallets of masonry units with manufacturers name, product name, and
information required to identify products.
C. Storage:
1. Masonry Units: Store on elevated platforms in a dry location. If units are not
stored in an enclosed location, cover tops and sides of stacks with waterproof
sheeting, securely tied. If units become wet, do not install until they are dry.
2. Cementitious Materials: Store on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry
location. Do not use cementitious materials that have become damp.
3. Accessories: Store to prevent corrosion and accumulation of dirt and oil.
4. Aggregates: Store where grading and other required characteristics can be
maintained and contamination avoided.

1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Protection during Work: Prevent excess moisture from entering work in progress.
1. Cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with water-repellent tarps or heavy
plastic sheets at end of each day's Work.

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2. Cover partially completed masonry when construction is not in progress.


3. Extend cover min of 24 in (600 mm) down both sides and hold cover securely in
place.
4. Protect door and window frames from damage.

1.10 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate installation of products and systems with interfacing and adjoining


construction to provide a successful installation without failure.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 MASONRY UNITS, GENERAL

A. Defective Units: Referenced masonry unit standards may allow a certain percentage
of units to exceed tolerances and to contain chips, cracks, or other defects exceeding
limits stated in the standard. Do not uses units where such defects, including
dimensions that vary from specified dimensions by more than stated tolerances, will
be exposed in the completed Work or will impair the quality of completed masonry.

2.2 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMUS)

A. Shapes: Provide shapes indicated and as follows:


1. Provide special shapes for lintels, corners, jambs, sashes, movement joints,
headers, bonding, and other special conditions.
2. Provide square-edged units for outside corners, unless otherwise indicated.
B. Concrete Masonry Units:
1. Size (Width): Allow for 100, 150, 200 mm hollow/solid blocks manufactured
to dimensions less than nominal dimensions.
2. Compressive strength:
a. Hollow block: Minimum 7.5 N/mm2 . Density : normal weight
b. Solid block: Minimum 13.0 N/mm2 . Density : 1900 kg/m3
3. Fire Resistance: 1 and 2 hours as indicated in drawings.
4. Exposed Faces: Provide color and texture matching the range represented by
Architect's sample.
5. Faces to Receive Plaster: Where units are indicated to receive a direct
application of plaster, provide textured-face units made with gap-graded
aggregates.

D. Aerated Autoclave Concrete (ACC) Block: 200mm thick. aerated concrete blocks, shall
confirming to BS EN 771-4 : 2001: ‘Specification for Masonry units – AAC Masonry
units’, according to the minimum requirements as following:
1. Dry Density: 480 ±10% Kg/M3 min.
2. Avg. Normalized Compressive strength: 3.2 N/MM2.
3. Thermal Conductivity (K-value): 0.134 W/m.k0. maximum.
4. Fire resistance: 2 hrs minimum.

2.3 CONCRETE AND MASONRY LINTELS

A. General: Provide either concrete or masonry lintels, at Contractor's option,

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complying with requirements below.


B. Concrete Lintels: Precast units made from concrete matching concrete
masonry units in color, texture . Unless otherwise indicated elsewhere ,the
compressive strength and reinforcing bars shall be approved by
Engineer/Client. Cure precast lintels by same method used for concrete
masonry units.
C. Masonry Lintels: Prefabricated or built- in-place masonry lintels made from
bond beam concrete masonry units with reinforcing bars placed as indicated
and filled with coarse grout. Cure precast lintels before handling and
installing. Temporarily support built- in- place lintels until cured.

2.4 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS

A. Refer to Section 04 0513 Masonry Mortaring

2.5 REINFORCEMENT

A. Uncoated Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615/A 615M or ASTM A 996/A


996M, Grade 60 (Grade 420).
B. All internal accessories shall be galvanized steel , while all the external accessories shall
be stainless steel.
C. Masonry Joint Reinforcement, General:
1. Interior Walls: Hot-dip galvanized, carbon steel.
2. Wire Size for Side Rods : W2.8 or 4.8-mm diameter.
3. Wire Size for Cross Rods: W2.8 or 4.8-mm diameter.
4. Spacing of Cross Rods, Tabs, and Cross Ties: Not more than 407 mm o.c.
5. Provide in lengths of not less than 3 m, with prefabricated corner and tee units.
D. Masonry Joint Reinforcement for Single -Wythe Masonry: Either ladder or truss
type with single pair of side rods.

2.6 TIES AND ANCHORS

A. Materials: Provide ties and anchors specified in subsequent paragraphs that are made
from materials that comply with eight subparagraphs below, unless otherwise
indicated. All internal accessories shall be galvanized steel , while all the external
accessories shall be stainless steel.
1. Mill- Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: ASTM A 82; with ASTM A 641/A 641M,
Class 1 coating.
2. Hot-Dip Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: ASTM A 82; with
ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class B-2 coating.
3. Stainless-Steel Wire: ASTM A 580/A 580M, Type 304.
4. Galvanized Steel Sheet: ASTM A 653/A 653M, Commercial Steel, G60(Z180) zinc
coating.
5. Steel Sheet, Galvanized after Fabrication: ASTM A 1008/A 1008M,
Commercial Steel, hot- dip galvanized after fabrication to comply with ASTM
A 153/A 153M.
6. Stainless-Steel Sheet: ASTM A 666, Type 304.
7. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A 36/A 36M.

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B. Corrugated Metal Ties: Metal strips not less than 22 mm wide with corrugations
having a wavelength of 7.6 to 12.7 mm and an amplitude of 1.5 to 2.5 mm
made from stainless-steel sheet not less than 1.7 mm thick. Ties made from
galvanized steel sheet may be used in interior walls, unless otherwise indicated.
C. Wire Ties, General: Unless otherwise indicated, size wire ties to extend at
least halfway through veneer but with at least 16-mm cover on outside face. Outer
ends of wires are bent 90 degrees and extend 50 mm parallel to face of veneer.
D. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Structure: Provide anchors that allow vertical or
horizontal adjustment but resist tension and compression forces perpendicular to plane
of wall.

1. Anchor Section for Welding to Steel Frame: Crimped 6.4-mm diameter,


stainless-steel wire. Mill- galvanized wire may be used at interior walls, unless
otherwise indicated.
2. Tie Section for metal Frame:
a. Non-drill section shall be fixed to metal frame/angle , another non-drill tie shall
be inserted in the non-drill section from one side and fixed over the block unit
from other side.
b. Triangular-shaped wire tie, sized to extend within 25 mm of masonry face,
made from 4.8- mm diameter, stainless-steel wire. Mill- galvanized wire may
be used at interior walls, unless otherwise indicated.
3. Connector Section for Concrete: Dovetail tabs for inserting into dovetail slots in
concrete and attached to tie section; formed from 1.6-mm thick, stainless-steel
sheet.1.6-mm thick, galvanized sheet may be used at interior walls, unless otherwise
indicated.
4. Tie Section for Concrete:
a. Vertical movement tie bolt screw on , for connecting the top of tie with the
bottom of concrete slab/beam , and connect the botoom side of the tie wityh the
block unit.
b. Corrugated metal ties with dovetail tabs for inserting into dovetail slots in
concrete and sized to extend to within 25 mm of masonry face.
E. Ties for cavity wall:
1. Butter fly metal ties for laying over both side of cavity block and sized to extend to
at least 50 mm into masonry face.
2. Flat two sided split end cavity wall tie for laying over both side of cavity block and
sized to extend to at least 50 mm into masonry face.
F. Rigid Anchors: Fabricate from steel bars 38 mm wide by 6.4 mm thick by 600 mm
long, with ends turned up 50 mm or with cross pins, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Corrosion Protection: Hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A 153/A 153M or
rust-inhibitive paint.

2.7 MISCELLANEOUS ANCHORS

A. Anchor Bolts: Headed steel bolts complying with ASTM A 307,


Grade A (ASTM F 568M, Property Class 4.6); with ASTM A 563 (ASTM A
563M) hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers; hot-dip galvanized
to comply with ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class C; of dimensions indicated.

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2.8 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES

A. Compressible Filler: Pre-molded filler strips complying with ASTM D 1056,


Grade 2A1; compressible up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated. Shall be
located under slab soffit and top of masonry wall.
B. Preformed Control-Joint Gaskets: Made from styrene -butadiene-rubber
compound, complying with ASTM D 2000, Designation M2AA-805 or PVC,
complying with ASTM D 2287, Type PVC-65406 and designed to fit standard
sash block and to maintain lateral stability in masonry wall; size and configuration as
indicated.
C. Reinforcing Bar Positioners: Wire units designed to fit into mortar bed joints spanning
masonry unit cells with loops for holding reinforcing bars in center of cells. Units are
formed from 3.6-mm steel wire, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. Provide units
with either two loops or four loops as needed for number of bars indicated.

2.9 MASONRY CLEANERS

A. Proprietary Acidic Cleaner: Manufacturer's standard-strength cleaner designed for


removing mortar/grout stains, efflorescence, and other new construction stains from
new masonry without discoloring or damaging masonry surfaces. Use product
expressly approved for intended use by cleaner manufacturer and manufacturer of
masonry units being cleaned.

2.10 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES

A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents,


accelerators, retarders, water-repellent agents, , or other admixtures, unless
otherwise indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride in mortar or grout.
2. Limit cementations materials in mortar to portland cement, mortar cement, and lime.
B. Pre-blended, Dry Mortar Mix: Furnish dry mortar ingredients in form of a pre-blended
mix. Measure quantities by weight to ensure accurate proportions, and thoroughly blend
ingredients before delivering to Project site.
C. Mortar for Unit Masonry: Comply with BIA Technical Notes 8A, Proportion
Specification. Provide the following types of mortar for applications stated unless
another type is indicated or needed to provide required compressive strength of
masonry.
1. For interior non- load-bearing partitions, Type O may be used instead of Type N.
D. Grout for Unit Masonry:
1. Provide grout with a slump of 200 to 280 mm as measured according to
ASTM C 143/C 143M.

2.11 FIRESTOPPING

A. Fire -rated sealants shall be suitable approved types, suitable for the location and
the intended function, in accordance with the Product Information and relevant
Standards as indicated in Section 07 84 13 – Penetration Firestopping.
B. Verify locations of fire-rated joints before commencing.

2.12 DAMPPROOF COURSES


A. Damp-proof course: Reinforced SBS rubberized asphalt compound film, 40

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mils Complete with primer and adhesive.


B. Damp-proof courses (DPCs) shall comply with the relevant Standards.
C. Width of the damp-proof course material shall be the same as the block so it is
visible from both sides of the wall. The DPC material will act as a bond breaker
to take up differential movements between the floor slab and block work.

1. At the ground floor level, the slip joint/bond breaker applied between the slab
edge and first block course will also serve as the DPC.
D. Fix securely, and provide backing to prevent sagging or damage during
construction. Make turn-ups and turn- downs not less than 30 mm, and lap
joints not less than 150 mm. Make turn-ups in wet areas not less than 150 mm.
Extend visible edges 10 mm and turn-down at 45-degrees.

2.13 AIR-TIGHT CONSTRUCTION

A. Provide air-tight construction where indicated or required. Include seals to door


and other openings, around services penetrations, and at junctions with adjacent
work.
B. Air-tight construction may include baffles, sealants, compressible air seals and
tapes.
C. Include air -tight construction details on shop drawings, if directed.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for
installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of work.
B. Before installation, examine rough-in and built - in construction for piping systems to
verify actual locations of piping connections.
C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Thickness: Build single -wythe walls to actual widths of masonry units, using units of
widths indicated.
B. Build recesses to accommodate items specified in this and other Sections.
C. Leave openings for equipment to be installed before completing masonry. After
installing equipment, complete masonry to match the construction immediately
adjacent to opening.
D. Use full-size units without cutting if possible. If cutting is required to provide a
continuous pattern or to fit adjoining construction, cut units with motor-driven saws;
provide clean, sharp, unchipped edges. Allow units to dry before laying unless
wetting of units is specified. Install cut units with cut surfaces and, where possible,
cut edges concealed.
E. Select and arrange units for exposed unit masonry to produce a uniform blend of
colors and textures.
F. Mix units from several pallets or cubes as they are placed.
G. Matching Existing Masonry: Match coursing, bonding, color, and texture of existing
masonry.
H. Comply with construction tolerances in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 and with the

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following:
1. For conspicuous vertical lines, such as external corners, door jambs, reveals, and
expansion and control joints, do not vary from plumb by more than 3 mm in 3 m,6
mm in 6 m, or 12 mm maximum.
2. For vertical alignment of exposed head joints, do not vary from plumb by more
than 6 mm in 3 m, or 12 mm maximum.
3. For conspicuous horizontal lines, such as lintels, sills, parapets, and reveals, do
not vary from level by more than 3 mm in 3 m, 6 mm in 6 m, or 12 mm
maximum.
4. For exposed bed joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus
or minus 3 mm, with a maximum thickness limited to 12 mm. Do not vary from
bed-joint thickness of adjacent courses by more than 3 mm.
5. For exposed head joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus
or minus 3 mm. Do not vary from adjacent bed- joint and head-joint thicknesses
by more than 3 mm.
6. For faces of adjacent exposed masonry units, do not vary from flush alignment
by more than 1.5 mm except due to warpage of masonry units within tolerances
specified for warpage of units.
7. For exposed bed joints and head joints of stacked bond, do not vary from a
straight line by more than 1.5 mm from one masonry unit to the next.

3.3 LAYING MASONRY WALLS

A. Lay out walls in advance for accurate spacing of surface bond patterns with uniform
joint thicknesses and for accurate location of openings, movement-type joints, returns,
and offsets. Avoid using less-than-half-size units, partic ularly at corners, jambs, and,
where possible, at other locations.
B. Lay concealed masonry with all units in a wythe in running bond or bonded by
lapping not less than 100-mm. Bond and interlock each course of each wythe at
corners. Do not use units with less than nominal 100-mm horizontal face dimensions
at corners or jambs.
C. Dampproof courses: Lay damp-proof courses in long lengths. Step as required, but
not exceeding two courses per step. Maintain continuity of dampproofing at junctions
of dampproof courses and waterproof membranes. Waterproofed mortar damp
courses will not be approved.
D. Stopping and Resuming Work: Stop work by racking back units in each course
from those in course below; do not tooth. When resuming work, clean masonry
surfaces that are to receive mortar, remove loose masonry units and mortar, and wet
block if required before laying fresh masonry.
E. Built - in Work: As construction progresses, build in items specified in this and other
Sections. Fill in solidly with masonry around built- in items.
F. Build non- load-bearing interior partitions full height of story to underside of solid
floor or roof structure above, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Install compressible filler in joint between top of partition and underside of
structure above.
2. Fasten partition top anchors to structure above and build into top of partition.
Grout cells of CMUs solidly around plastic tubes of anchors and push tubes
down into grout to provide 13-mm clearance between end of anchor rod and end
of tube. Space anchors 400 mm o.c., unless otherwise indicated.
3. Wedge non- load-bearing partitions against structure above with small pieces of
tile, slate, or metal. Fill joint with mortar after dead-load deflection of structure

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above approaches final position.


4. At fire-rated partitions, treat joint between top of partition and underside of
structure above to comply with Division 07 Section "Fire-Resistive Joint
Systems."
G. Chases:
1. Do not chase masonry without approval. Construct chases progressively.
2. Chasing walls for electrical and plumbing services, by using either hand or powered
tools. The procedure followed to chase walls can be summarized as follows:
a. Mark chase outline on wall using either a scribe or pencil. Using either a
circular saw or grinding wheel with a depth gauge attached, cut along the
marked lines.
b. Remove the waste material by breaking it away with a chisel or
screwdriver. If necessary, cut additional grooves along the chase
alignment.
c. Using the specially designed chasing tool, run down the chase to clean out any
protrusions.
3. Depth Chasing: Vertical chasing should not be greater than 1/3rd of the wall’s
thickness; Horizontal chasing should not be greater than 1/5th the wall’s
thickness.
4. Concealing or filling chasing: Once piping or wiring is installed, if piping or wiring
is to be visible, it should be sealed over to match the surrounding wall finish. To
render over chasing, render mesh should be placed over the area to prevent any
cracking from propagating through the finish from the chase.

3.4 MORTAR BEDDING AND JOINTING

A. Lay hollow concrete masonry units as follows:


1. With face shells fully bedded in mortar and with head joints of depth equal to bed
joints.
2. With webs fully bedded in mortar in all courses of piers, columns, and pilasters.
3. With webs fully bedded in mortar in grouted masonry, including starting course on
footings.
4. With entire units, including areas under cells, fully bedded in mortar at starting
course on footings where cells are not grouted.
B. Lay solid masonry units with completely filled bed and head joints; butter ends with
sufficient mortar to fill head joints and shove into place. Do not deeply furrow bed
joints or slush head joints.
C. Tool exposed joints slightly concave when thumbprint hard, using a jointer larger than
joint thickness, unless otherwise indicated.
D. Cut joints flush for masonry walls to receive plaster or other direct-applied finishes
(other than paint), unless otherwise indicated.

3.5 MASONRY JOINT REINFORCEMENT

A. General: Install entire length of longitudinal side rods in mortar with a minimum
cover of 16 mm on exterior side of walls, 13 mm elsewhere. Lap reinforcement a
minimum of 150 mm.
1. Space reinforcement not more than 406 mm o.c.
2. Space reinforcement not more than 203 mm o.c. in foundation walls and parapet walls.
3. Provide reinforcement not more than 203 mm above and below wall openings and
extending 305 mm beyond openings.

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B. Interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion joints, unless otherwise


indicated.
C. Provide continuity at wall intersections by using prefabricated T-shaped units.
D. Provide continuity at corners by using prefabricated L-shaped units.

3.6 ANCHORING MASONRY TO STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

A. Anchor masonry to structural members where masonry abuts or faces structural


members to comply with the following:
1. Provide an open space not less than 13 mm in width between masonry and
structural member, unless otherwise indicated. Keep open space free of mortar
and other rigid materials.
2. Anchor masonry to structural members with anchors embedded in masonry joints
and attached to structure.
3. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 610 mm o.c. vertically and
915mm o.c. horizontally.

3.7 CONTROL AND EXPANSION JOINTS

A. General: Install control and expansion joint materials in unit masonry as masonry
progresses. Do not allow materials to span control and expansion joints without
provision to allow for in-plane wall or partition movement.
B. Form control joints in concrete masonry using the following :
1. Construct vertical and horizontal control joints for areas greater than 12 m2 with the
following properties:
a. Vertical control joints to be not less than 300 mm thick (of the wall) and be
reinforced by 4 diameter 16 steel bars with stirrups having a diameter of8
spaced at 200 mm o.c. Compressive strength of concrete & tensile
strength of steel to be same as superstructure e lements as indicated on
drawings, unless otherwise indicated.
b. Horizontal control joints to be not less than 300 mm thick. (of the wall)
and be reinforced with 4 diameter 14 steel bars with stirrups having a
diameter of 8 spaced at 200 mm o.c. Compressive strength of concrete
& tensile strength of steel to be same as superstructure elements as
indicated on drawings, unless otherwise indicated.
2. If it required by Engineer/Client use the followings methods for areas appointed by
Engineer/Client:
a. Install preformed control- joint gaskets designed to fit standard sash
block.
b. Install temporary foam-plastic filler in head joints and remove filler
when unit masonry is complete for application of sealant.
C. Provide horizontal, pressure-relieving joints by either leaving an air space or inserting a
compressible filler of width required for installing sealant and backer rod specified in
Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants," but not less than 10 mm.
1. Locate horizontal, pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles supporting masonry.

3.8 LINTELS

A. Provide concrete or masonry lintels where shown and where openings of more than 305
mm for brick-size units and 610 mm for block-size units are shown without structural
steel or other supporting lintels.

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B. Provide minimum bearing of 200 mm at each jamb, unless otherwise indicated.

3.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Inspectors: Owner will engage qualified independent inspectors to perform inspections


and prepare reports. Allow inspectors access to scaffolding and work areas, as needed
to perform inspections.
B. Testing Frequency: One set of tests for each 465 sq. m of wall area or portion thereof,
unless otherwise indicated.

3.10 REPAIRING, POINTING, AND CLEANING

A. Remove and replace masonry units that are loose, chipped, broken, stained, or
otherwise damaged or that do not match adjoining units. Install new units to match
adjoining units; install in fresh mortar, pointed to eliminate evidence of replacement.
B. Pointing: During the tooling of joints, enlarge voids and holes, and completely fill with
mortar. Point up joints, including corners, openings, and adjacent construction, to
provide a neat, uniform appearance. Prepare joints for sealant application, where
indicated.
C. In-Progress Cleaning: Clean unit masonry as work progresses by dry brushing to
remove mortar fins and smears before tooling joints.
D. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean exposed masonry as
follows:
1. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and nonmetallic
scrape hoes or chisels.
2. Test cleaning methods on sample wall panel; leave one-half of panel uncleaned
for comparison purposes. Obtain Architect's approval of sample cleaning before
proceeding with cleaning of masonry.
3. Protect adjacent nonmasonry surfaces from contact with cleaner by covering
them with liquid strippable masking agent or polyethylene film and waterproof
masking tape.
4. Wet wall surfaces with water before applying cleaners; remove cleaners promptly
by rinsing surfaces thoroughly with clear water.

3.11 MASONRY WASTE DISPOSAL

A. Salvageable Materials: Unless otherwise indicated, excess masonry materials are


Contractor's property. At completion of unit masonry work, remove from Project site.
B. Waste Disposal as Fill Material: Dispose of clean masonry waste, including excess or
soil-contaminated sand, waste mortar, and broken masonry units, by crushing and
mixing with fill material as fill is placed.
1. Crush masonry waste to less than 100 mm in each dimension.
2. Mix masonry waste with at least two parts of specified fill material for each part of
masonry waste. Fill material is specified in Division 2 Section "Earthwork."
3. Do not dispose of masonry waste as fill within 450 mm of finished grade.
C. Excess Masonry Waste: Remove excess clean masonry waste that cannot be used as
fill, as described above, and other masonry waste, and legally dispose of off Owner's
property.

END OF SECTION

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