I.

ACID AND BASE

1.According to Bronsted and Lowry, what are acids and bases

The Brønsted-Lowry theory describes acid-base interactions in terms of proton transfer

between chemical species. A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species that can donate a proton H+,
and a base is any species that can accept a proton. In terms of chemical structure, this means
that any Brønsted-Lowry acid must contain a hydrogen that can dissociate as H+. In order to
accept a proton, a Brønsted-Lowry base must have at least one lone pair of electrons to form a
new bond with a proton.

2. Explain the acid-base property of water in your own words.

The water is a unique and universal solvent on this planet. One of its special properties
is its ability to function as an acid or as a base. Water is a very weak electrolyte and due to that
it is a poor conductor of electricity.

3. What may happen to ocean acidity if the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide continue to
increase due to global warming? What can you do to help address this global problem? You
may research online about the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on the
surface of Earth.

The pH of the ocean fluctuates within limits as a result of natural processes, and ocean
organisms are well-adapted to survive the changes that they normally experience. Some marine
species may be able to adapt to more extreme changes—but many will suffer, and there will
likely be extinctions. We can't know this for sure, but during the last great acidification event 55
million years ago, there were mass extinctions in some species including deep sea
invertebrates. A more acidic ocean won’t destroy all marine life in the sea, but the rise in
seawater acidity of 30 percent that we have already seen is already affecting some ocean
organisms. The thing that I can do is to take care our environment by maintaing the cleanliness
of my surroundings.

4. .Discuss how you personally benefit from acids and bases. Cite concrete examples.

a.Toothpaste, which contains sodium fluoride, belongs to the group of weak bases. The high pH
of toothpaste helps kill any bacteria that reside in your mouth at the time of brushing.

b.pH of Food Products-juice and oranges themselves are quite acidic on the pH scale. A high
citric acid content gives the oranges a low pH

c.Acid Neutralizing Medications-In our stomach, your body produces gastric acid, an extremely
acidic (pH 1-2) material that helps to break down the food. The acid turns on enzymes that
break down the proteins in the food. This highly acidic environment also helps control potentially
harmful
d.Cleaning Products-Some of the most common cleaning products found in our kitchen or
laundry room have basic or acidic properties that enhance their cleaning power.

II.PH Measure of Acidity

1). The [ H3O +] of a solution is 1.3 x 10-5. Calculate [ OH-], pH, and pOH of the solution.
Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
2). The pH of a solution is 8.7. What are the pOH, [ H3O+], and [ OH-] of the solution?
Solutions:

III.ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SALTS

1. Describe the important use of the aqueous solution of alkanolamine?

 Aqueous solutions of (alkanol)amines are frequently used for the removal of acid gases, such as
CO2 and H2S, from a variety of gas streams. The dissociation constant is one of the important
parameters in the selection of an (alkanol)amine solution for acid gas removal or in the interpretation of
the kinetic mechanism of the (alkanol)amine with CO2.

2. What does the change in the molar reaction enthalpy ( in table 2) signify?

It specifies the shifting basic strength of the alkanolamine within a specific temperature interval;
i.e. the change of the basic strength of the absorbent between an absorber and a desorber due to the
temperature cycle.

3. Which alkanolamine yielded the lowest change and the highest change in molar reaction
enthalpy?

AMP has the highest molar change in reaction enthalpy, whereas the tertiary alkanolamine
DMMEA has the lowest.