— CE 414— CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS. Objectives of the course: 1. To have knowledge on the properties of the building materials 2. To know the performance of these materials under load or force 3. With the knowledge of 1 & 2, building construction ‘methods wil be determined/established. Construction ~ the buikling of structures, to provide us with shelter and with places to work. Construction Project — intended to result in a finished Product that will perform certain functions in conformance with and sometimes in spite of the effects. of nature, Building — is an assembly of an enormous variety of matenals. Materials — the substances from which products are made. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 1. Owner 2. Designer 3. Builder or Contractor PLANS vs SPECIFICATIONS TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS + MATERIAL SPECIFICATION + PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SHOP ASSEMBLED - an assembly built at the factory JOB SITE ASSEMBLED - partially completed in the factory and assembled in the field AGENT (usually a designer) — represents the owner during construction stage INSPECTOR - present at the jobsite to inspect the work in progress and perform field tests as part of construction supervision INDEPENDENT TESTING LABORATORY = performs laboratory testings = reports whether or not materials comply with, specifications. SUPPLIERS — supply materials and partially or fully ‘assembled components to be used in construction TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PHASES. Phase 1 - Preliminary Design Project scope, plan, timeline Permitting/Legal Requirements ‘Owner Plan Review Design Revisions. bess Project Specifications & Budget Phase 2 - Design & Contract Completion Finalize Design Material Selection (Fixtures, Flooring, etc.) Finalize Construction Drawings Finalize Project Plan / Timeline Finalize Contract Phase 3 - Construction Coordination of Subcontractors. Maintenance of Budget Parameters Implementation of Change Orders Coordination with Interior Design Team Certificate of Occupancy Contract Closure (including punch tis!) The construction of a simple building such as a house requires selection of materials to perform the following, tasks: 1. Footing ‘a. Distribute the weight of the building to the soil b._ Resist cracking despite uneven soil settlement c. Resist corrosive attack from soil and water 2. Basement floor a. Provide a smooth surface b. Resist wear c. Resist cracking despite upward water pressure ‘F uneven soil settlement d, Keep moisture out fe. Resist corrosive attack from soil and water 3. Basement walls a. Support the rest of the building b._ Resist lateral side pressure from the earth c. Keep moisture out 4d. Resist corrasive attack from soil and water 4, Other floors and ceilings a. Provide a smooth surface b. Resist wear ©. Support furniture and people without sagging excessively or breaking d. Provide a satisfactory appearance e. Clean easily Insulate against noise transmission 5. Outside walls a. Support floors and roof b. Resist lateral wind pressure ©. Provide a satisfactory appearance inside and out 4, Insulate against noise and heat transmission fe. Keep moisture out 6. Partitions a. Support floors and roof b. Provide a satisfactory appearance c. Insulate against noise transmission 7. Root Keep moisture out ‘Support snow and other weights Resist wind pressure and wind uplift Provide a satisfactory appearance aoge\ 4 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS fe. Insulate against noise and heat transmission Aajor Types of Construction: 4. Residential Housing Construction 2. Insttuional and ‘Commercial Bul Construction te Specialized industrial Construction Infrastructure and Heavy Construction Basic Occupancy Classifications (refer to NSCP and National Building Code of the Philippines) Importance of knowing what type of Building Materials to be used: 1 The performance of the structure depends on the quality and the application method of building materials, The construction method depends also on the characteristic properties of the building materials employed. CLASSIFICATION OF — PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS: 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES —are_those distinguishing qualities or characteristics that are used to describe @ substance in the absence of extemal forces are referred to as physical properties. 2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. The characteristics of @ material that relate to its behavior in chemical reactions are called the chemical properties. 3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES measure the resistance of a material to applied loads or forces. Some reflect the strength of the material, Whereas others measure the deformation capacity or stiffness, (See Table 1.1) PHYSICO-CHEMICAL water-absorptive or water-repeliant action shrinkage and swell due to moisture changes cop 5. THERMAL PROPERTIES a. Specific heat b. Expansion ¢. Conductivity 6. ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC a. Conductivity b. Magnetic permeability c. Galvanic action 7. ACOUSTICAL a. Sound transmission 'b. Sound reflection 8. OPTICAL a. Color Light transmission cc. Light reflection CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE FERROUS CONTENT: ‘Metallic Materials - posses properties of high lectiical and conductivity, malleabilty, ductility and luster. Ferrous - Iron-based materials 1. Steel 2. Castiron 3. Wrought Iron 4. Malleable Cast Iron Nonferrous ~ all other metals: Copper Tin Zine ‘Aluminum Magnesium Titanium Some of the properties: on ere {good conductors of heat and electricity can't see through them have bright, reflective surfaces, but some tamish (oxidize) in the air, and loose their shine most are hard and strong ‘apart from mercury (Hg), the runny metal, they're ‘solid at room temperature ‘malleable — can be bent or hammered into shape ‘ductile ~ can be stretched out into skinny wires Nonmetalic Materials — does not possess metallic properties, 1. wood stone brick ‘cement concrete resins (plastics) leather 8. rubber 9. ceramics, ete, Metalloids — have properties intermediate to the metals and nonmetals. 4. 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