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Assets
1. Non-current 15,010,917 15,712,673 73.6 72 +701,756 +4.7
assets
2. Current assets, 5,396,340 6,100,009 26.4 28 +703,669 +13
total
Inventories 2,618,358 2,842,411 12.8 13 +224,053 +8.6
Trade and other 2,634,982 2,904,405 12.9 13.3 +269,423 +10.2
current
receivables
Cash and cash 68,639 281,471 0.3 1.3 +212,832 +4.1 times
equivalents
Equity and Liabilities
1. Equity 20,407,257 21,812,682 100 100 +1,405,425 +6.9
2. Non-current – – – – – –
liabilities
3. Current – – – – – –
liabilities
Assets; Equity 20,407,257 21,812,682 100 100 +1,405,425 +6.9
and Liabilities
According to the table above, non-current assets made about two thirds of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's
assets (72%) at the end of the period, while current assets took one third. For the period analysed, the assets
significantly spiked to ROL 21,812,682 thousand (by ROL 1,405,425 thousand, or by 6.9%). Assets and equity
were observed to grow simultaneously by 6.9% during the year. Growth of the equity value is a factor which
positively describes the dynamics of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's financial state.
The total growth of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's assets value is primarily connected with the value growth of
the following assets (the sum of change and percentage of this change relative to the total assets growth are
shown below):
With that, growth in the section "Equity and Liabilities" of the company's balance sheet is caused with an
increase in the following rates (the percentage from total equity and liabilities change is shown in brackets):
One of the negatively changed assets during the year is the item "Other current non-financial assets" (ROL
-20,066 thousand).
The inventories were found to spike appreciably to ROL 2,842,411 thousand (by ROL 224,053 thousand, or
by 8.6%) during the reviewed period.
For the last year, the current receivables increased by ROL 269,423 thousand, or by 10.2%.
1.2. Net Assets (Net Worth)
Value Change
in thousand ROL % of the balance total thousand ROL %,
at the beginning at the end of the 01.01.2011 31.12.2011 (col.3-col.2), ((col.3
Indicator
of the period period analysed -col.2) :
analysed (31.12.2011) col.2)
(01.01.2011)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For the reviewed period (2011), it was monitored that there was an appreciable increase in the net tangible
assets to ROL 21,812,682 thousand, which made ROL 1,405,425 thousand. In this case, BEGA ELECTROMOTOR
SA has no goodwill or other intangible assets. That is why rates of net worth and net tangible assets are equal
On 31.12.2011.
On 31.12.2011, the net worth (net assets) of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA is significantly higher (by 74.2%)
than the share capital. Such a ratio meets common requirements, according to which the net worth (net assets)
should not be less than the share capital of the company. The net worth (net assets) value is used as one of the
tools to estimate the company's value (used together with other methods, such as discounted cash flow method,
or an estimation based on shareholder's value etc.). But it is a key value in the estimation of the company's
financial condition.
Firstly, attention should be drawn to the debt-to-equity ratio and debt ratio as the indicators describing the
capital structure. Both ratios have similar meaning and indicate that if there is not enough capital (equity) for
stable work for the company. Debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as a relationship of the borrowed capital
(liabilities) to the equity, while debt ratio is calculated as a relationship of the liabilities to the overall capital (i.e.
the sum of equity and liabilities).
On the last day of the period analysed, the debt-to-equity amounted to zero. The debt ratio did not change
and remained on the level of 0 for the last year.
According to the debt ratio, the percentage of the borrowed capital (liabilities) is significantly lower than the
admissible value and makes 0% of overall capital at the end of the period reviewed. On the one hand it
positively describes the financial situation of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA. On the other hand it says about missed
opportunities to use borrowed capital for the extension of activity and acceleration of development rates. The
company can increase the percentage of credits and debts without damage to its' financial situation if a plan on
efficient use of additional capital is available.
According to the principles of stable company development, investments with the least liquid assets
(non-current assets) should firstly be made with help from the most long-term sources of financing, i.e. with the
help of owned capital (equity). An indicator of this rule is the non-current assets to net worth ratio. During the
whole reviewed period, the ratio slightly fell (to 0.72; -0.02). On 31 December, 2011, the value of the ratio can
be characterised as obviously excellent.
The working capital was equal to ROL X,XXX,XXX thousand on 31 December, 2011. During the year, it was
monitored that there was a marked growth in the working capital, which made ROL +XXX,XXX thousand.
According to calculations, working capital fully covers the inventories of the company and is deemed to be a
positive factor. At the end of the period analysed, the inventory to working capital ratio was equal to X.XX. Such
a correlation is deemed to be normal, although it can be achieved through warehouse inventories that are too
low, but not through enough of long-term resources of financing in some cases.
Liquidity Value Change The indicator description and its recommended value
indicator (col.3 -
01.01.2011 31.12.2011 col.2)
1 2 3 4 5
At the end of the period analysed, the current ratio was equal to zero. During the entire period analysed, a
change in the current ratio was not noticed. On 31.12.2011, the value of the ratio can be deemed as a
satisfactory one.
At the end of the period reviewed, the quick ratio was equal to zero, having stayed at the same level as on
the first day of the period analysed (01 January, 2011). At the end of the period, the value of the quick ratio can
be deemed as a normal one. It means that BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA has enough assets which can be
transferred to cash in a very short time to meet current liabilities.
Like the two previous rates, the cash ratio has a normal value (–) at the end of the period analysed which
demonstrates that the company has enough liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) to meet current liabilities.
2. Financial Performance
2.1. Overview of the Financial Results
The main financial results of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's activities are given in the table below for the last
year and also for the same period as last year.
The revenue made ROL 9,821,479 thousand for the 2011; that is moderately lower (ROL -446,630 thousand)
than for the same period of the previous year. The diagram below demonstrates the change in revenue and a
comprehensive income for BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA. For the year 2011, the gross loss was equal to ROL
-1,092,406 thousand. In comparison with the previous financial year, the gross profit was seen to have a rapid
lessening of ROL 691,634 thousand.
The comprehensive loss of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA made ROL 1,100,656 thousand in total during the
year.
2.2. Profitability Ratios
All three profitability ratios given in the table have negative values during the year, as the company had
losses from sales, operational and financial activities for this period. For the 2011, the gross margin equalled
-XX.X%; it is much lower (-X.X%) than for the same period of the previous year.
The profitability calculated by earnings before interest and taxes (Return on sales) is more important from a
comparative analyses point of view. For the 2011, the return on sales made -0.11 (or -11.1% per annum), and
profitability calculated by final financial results (net profit) made -11.2% per annum.
Profitability ratios Value, % The indicator description and its reference value
2011
1 2 3
Return on equity ROE is calculated by taking a year's worth of earnings (net profit) and
(ROE) dividing them by the average shareholder equity for that period, and is
-X.X
expressed as a percentage. It is one of the most important financial ratios
and profitability metrics. Acceptable value: 12% or more.
Return on assets ROA is calculated by dividing net income by total assets, and displayed
-X.X
(ROA) as a percentage. Acceptable value: no less than 6%.
Return on capital ROCE is calculated by dividing EBIT by capital employed (equity plus
employed (ROCE) -X.X non-current liabilities). It indicates the efficiency and profitability of a
company's capital investments.
For the year 2011, the return on assets has an unsasfactory value of -X.X%.
A key indicator of business profitability is the return of equity (ROE), i.e. return from money invested by the
owners. For the year 2011, a return on equity made -5.2% per annum. A negative rate value was as a result of a
comprehensive loss obtained during the year.
Reference: 194 x
Cash conversion cycle
(days sales outstanding + days inventory outstanding - days payable outstanding)
* Calculation in days. Ratio value is equal to 365 divided by days outstanding.
According to the table, the average collection period (day’s sales outstanding), calculated based on the
data during the year, was 103 days, while average repayment period for credit debts (day’s payable
outstanding) was 0 days. The rate of asset turnover means that BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA gains revenue equal
to the sum of all the available assets for 785 days (on average during the reviewed period).
The labour productivity was equal to 70,913 thousand ROL/employee during the year.
3. Conclusion
3.1. Key Indicators Summary
The main financial state indicator values and BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's activity results are classified by
qualitative assessment according to the results of the analysis for the year and are given below.
● the value of the non-current assets to net worth ratio equal to 0.72 can be specified as very good
● the net worth (net assets) of the company significantly exceeds (by 74.2%) the share capital on 31.12.2011
● long-term resources of the financing of the company's activity are enough to form a normal amount of working
capital which would cover the available inventories
The BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's financial situation is positively described with the following rate – the
debt-to-equity ratio and debt ratio demonstrate good values, but say about too cautious attitude of BEGA
ELECTROMOTOR SA to use of the borrowed capital, which makes only 0% of the total balance of the company.
There is one rate with a marginally acceptable value obtained during the analysis – the increase in equity
during the period analysed was lower than the growth rates of total assets.
One can show the following financial rates of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA with critical values:
According to the results of the conducted analysis, the financial position of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA was
assessed at a score scale in +1.33, which corresponds to the AA rating (very good position). The financial
results of the company's activities were scored at -1.8 for the whole reviewed period, which corresponds to the
D rating (critical results). One should mention that final scores are calculated considering both rates at the end
of the period analysed and rates dynamics, including their forecasted values for the next year. The final score of
the financial condition, which includes analysis of the company's financial position and financial performance,
makes +0.08, which equals the rating scale to a normal (BB) condition.
"BB" describes the financial condition of a company when the majority of rates are normal. Companies with
this rating should be considered as business partners who will need to be treated carefully when managing risks.
These companies can lay a claim to obtain credit but a decision mainly depends on the analysis of additional
factors (neutral creditworthiness).
One should mention, that this rating is made by analysing financial data during the entire period analysed.
But it is necessary to make an analysis of a company's activity for at least the last 2-3 years to obtain enough
objective results.
4. Appendix
4.1. Bankruptcy Test (Altman Z-score)
The Altman Z-score is a rate predicting the probability that the company will go into bankruptcy in the near
future. The Z-score is calculated according to the following formula (a 5-factor model for private manufacturing
firms is taken for BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA):
Zones of Discrimination:
According to calculations, on 31.12.2011, the Z-score equalled X.XX for BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA. It means
that the probability of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's bankruptcy is insignificant.
Average score
Score Weighted
(col.3 x 0.25 +
Indicator Weighting factor average score
col.4 x 0.6 + col.5
past present future (col.2 x col.6)
x 0.15)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I. Rating of the company's financial position
Debt ratio 0.3 +1 +1 +1 +1 +0.3
Non-current assets to net
0.15 +2 +2 +2 +2 +0.3
worth
Current ratio – – – – – 0
Quick ratio – – – – – 0
Cash ratio – – – – – 0
Total 0.45 Final score (in total col.7 : col. 2): +1.333
II. Rating of the company's financial performance
Return on equity (ROE) 0.5 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1
Return on assets (ROA) 0.3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -0.6
Sales growth 0.2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -0.2
Total 1 Final score (in total col.7 : col. 2): -1.8
The final rating score of BEGA ELECTROMOTOR SA's financial condition: (+1.333 x 0,6) + (-1.8 x 0,4) =
+0.08 (BB - normal)
Total score
to Sign The qualitative assessment of a financial condition
from (inclusive)
Extra Tables
change,
thousand x +701,756
ROL
change, % x +4.7%
change,
thousand x +701,756
ROL
change, % x +4.7%
change,
thousand x +703,669
ROL
change, % x +13%
change,
thousand x +224,053
ROL
change, % x +8.6%
change,
thousand x +269,423
ROL
change, % x +10.2%
change,
thousand x +17,427
ROL
change, % x +32.1%
change,
thousand x -20,066
ROL
change, % x -100%
% of total 0.1% –
change,
thousand x +212,832
ROL
by +4.1
change, % x
times
Equity value,
thousand 20,407,257 21,812,682
ROL
change,
thousand x +1,405,425
ROL
change, % x +6.9%
change,
thousand x +400,772
ROL
change, % x +3.3%
change,
thousand x +1,004,653
ROL
change, % x +12.1%
change,
thousand x +1,405,425
ROL
change, % x +6.9%
* Line "% of total" indicates percentage ratio of the item to the total assets.
Revenue value,
thousand 10,268,109 9,821,479
ROL
change,
thousand x -446,630
ROL
change, % x -4.3%
change,
thousand x +245,004
ROL
change, % x +2.3%
Gross profit value,
thousand -400,772 -1,092,406
ROL
change,
thousand x -691,634
ROL
change, % x ↓
change,
thousand x -691,634
ROL
change, % x ↓
change,
thousand x -691,634
ROL
change, % x ↓
change,
thousand x +8,250
ROL
change, % x –
change,
thousand x -699,884
ROL
change, % x ↓
change,
thousand x -699,884
ROL
change, % x ↓
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME value,
thousand -400,772 -1,100,656
ROL
change,
thousand x -699,884
ROL
change, % x ↓