印尼卫生及医疗行业情况

印度尼西亚（以下简称）印尼，是东南亚第一大人口国，同时也

是世界第四大人口国。近年来，印尼佐科维政府积极发展经济，经济

得到较快发展，2018 年经济增长率达到 5.17%。2019 年 4 月 17 日，

印尼新一届总统进行了选举，现在根据快速得票的计算，佐科维总统

获得连任。佐科维总统的连任总体上对中印尼双边关系起到稳定和积

极的影响。印尼政府会在与中国全面战略伙伴关系的框架下，继续深

化和中国的全方位合作，用习主席的话就是上天入海式的立体式合作，

特别是中国一带一路和印尼海洋支点战略的对接会更加深入。

近年来，中国大量的基础建设公司进入印尼市场，承建了雅万高

铁等很多印尼重点建设项目，资源类投资开发项目也有很多参与，如

青山铝业等，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。中国企业进入卫生和医

疗行业的进入并不多，面对印尼巨大的市场以及快速的发展，布局印

尼市场正是时机。

一、 印尼经济状况

2018 年，印尼经济增长率 5.17%，位居 G20 国家第三位，G20 国

家经济增长率排名为：印度 7.3%、中国 6.6%、印尼 5.17%。印尼 2018

年人均收入 3927 美元，GDP 总量 1.042 万亿美元。

国际货币基金组织（IMF）近日发出的研究报告说，印尼经济正

在稳定发展，未来经济增长也会加速升高，预测 4 年之后 2023 年，

印尼的经济增长率可达 5.4%，其国内生产总值（GDP）将高居世界第
6 位。研究报告还预估印尼在 2023 年的人均收入可达 5120 美元，印

尼 GDP 在全球总产值的比重约达 2.8%，超越俄罗斯、巴西、英国和法

国等成为世界第 6，2015 年开始印尼 GDP 位居世界第 7 位。

二、 印尼卫生和医疗体系

印尼国家卫生系统组织结构

印尼地方卫生系统组织结构
三、 印尼卫生和医疗行业情况

以下数据，除特例标识，为 2018 年底数据。

1、 人口

印尼总人口 2.65 亿，其中男性 1.331 亿，女性 1.319 亿，男女比

例 101：:100。
 育龄妇女（15-49 岁）7072 万人，育龄妇女（15-39 岁）5251 万

人，在孕人数 529 万人，已生产人数 505 万人。

2、 基尼系数

印 尼 2013 至 2018 年 ， 全 国 基 尼 系 数 分 别 为

0.41,0.41,0.40,0.39,0.39,0.38，呈现逐年下降的趋势。根据联合

国开发署的规定，基尼系数 0.30-0.39 为中等级别，0.4 作为收入分

配差距的“警戒线”。

现实的情况，印尼富人和中产阶级非常富有。
3、 医院数量

社区医院：各省组织传统卫生服务的社区医院数量，2018 年印尼

全国社区医院总数 9993 家。
 综合医院：印尼全国综合医院 5626 家。

2018 年印度尼西亚医院数量表

印尼尼西亚医院数量表

中央政府 地区政府 私人医院 合计

其它国有
卫生部 警察 军队 省 县 城市
企业
印
度
尼 66 90 240 136 282 1058 180 3574 5626
西
亚
比
1.17% 1.60% 4.27% 2.42% 5.01% 18.81% 3.20% 63.53% 100%
例
 2018 印度尼西亚综合医院床位情况表
印尼尼西亚医院病床数量表
中央政府 地区政府 私人医院 合计
其它国
卫生部 警察 军队 省 县 城市
有企业
综合医院
15 45 113 55 91 527 87 1336 2269
数量
病床 11086 5213 12269 6054 22441 77509 17369 129141 281082
比例 3.94% 1.85% 4.36% 2.15% 7.98% 27.58% 6.18% 45.94% 100.00%

5、卫生人力资源

印度尼西亚专业医护人员 1182808 人，医生辅助人员 296320 人。

注册医生总数 205597 人，其中：综合医生 134459 人，专科医生 29721

人，牙科医生 41417 人。

6、卫生筹资

2018 年印尼政府用于医疗卫生的预算支出 434 亿美元，实际支

付 402 亿美元，占预算支出的 92.72%。医疗卫生行业支付的款项中

政府拨款 313 亿美元，非税收入 2.82 亿美元，公共服务机构 80.77

亿美元，外国援助金 5.8 亿美元。政府拨款占总支出的 77.86%。

7、主要疾病

印尼疾病负担严重：发病率、死亡率双高。印尼当前面临着严重

的疾病负担，其中，癌症和心血管疾病是发病率最高的两种疾病。根

据 WHO 南亚地区办事处的统计：癌症占据了印尼总死亡率的 6.6%，

高于世界其他地区。宫颈癌是印尼妇女中最常见的癌症种类；由于吸

烟而导致的肺癌也是高发病率疾病；糖尿病人数也在日益增长；印尼

也是传染病发生率较高的国家，每天约有 1500 名儿童死于肺结核、

疟疾和肺炎；印尼的产妇死亡率也高于发达国家平均水平 45 倍。

印尼疾病导致的死亡率比率
1 心血管疾病、癌症 37%
2 传染性疾病、围产期死亡和营养缺乏症 22%
3 心脏病 13%
4 其它非传染性疾病 10%
5 受伤导致的死亡 7%
6 糖尿病 6%
7 慢性呼吸道疾病 5%

慢性呼吸道疾病
7

糖尿病
6

受伤导致的死亡
5

其它非传染性疾病
4

心脏病
3

传染性疾病、围产期死亡和营养缺乏症
2

心血管疾病
1

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

印尼主要疾病：

1.脑血管或新血管疾病。

2.缺血性心脏病。

3.伴有并发症的糖尿病。

4.呼吸道结核病。

5.高血压或高血压并发症。

6.呼吸系统疾病，尤其是慢性阻塞性肺病（呼吸道疾病或慢性阻

塞性肺病）。

7.肝病或心脏病（肝脏或肝脏疾病）。
 8.交通事故（交通事故）。

9.肺炎。

10.源自感染的腹泻或胃肠炎。

11.心肌梗塞。

12.泌尿系统疾病。

13.癌症或淋巴瘤

四、 社会保障及保险情况

2014 年 1 月 1 日，印尼建立了自己的社会保险体系，简称 BPJS，

医保是其中的一个分支，保险的名称国民健康保险 JKN，与中国的“城

镇职工基本医疗保险”
、“新型农村合作医疗保险”相类似。2018 年参

与国民健康保险 JKN 的参保人数 2.08 亿，2018 年参与国民健康保险

（JKN）覆盖范围 79.44%。

参与国民健康保险 JKN 的人（包括持有工作签证参保的外国人）

，

都可以在印尼公立医院享受医疗服务。印尼医保的基本特点：

 缴费比例，单位 4%，个人 1%。这 1%是保全家的。

 全民参保，保费低廉，终生缴费。

 保医保药，免费食宿，不用现金，上不封顶。

 根据病情，逐级转院，手续简洁，全国通用。

 条件有限，人满为患，大病困难。

印尼政府承诺医疗服务包括没有限用药品，没有支付上限。实际

的情况，医保提供的药品都属于基本药品，化验也是进行单项检查，

加之印尼公立医院和社区医院的医疗资源有限，想及时和放心的获得
高的医疗条件是难以达到的。

针对印尼社区医院和公立医院医疗资源有限的情况，印尼有众多

的私立医院，私立医院的诊疗条件要远远好于公立医院，私立医院的

数量也多于公立医院，占印尼总医院数的 63.53%。私立医院的收入来

源：

 各类私人保险。

 国有企业和大型企业的员工，享受私立医院就诊，费用由单

位承担。

 国民健康保险 JKN 的部分项目。

 自费。

五、 医用诊疗机器人情况

通过查询印尼的期刊和网络，与专业医生的交流，与医疗领域官

员的交流，在印尼人工智能诊疗尚未有使用的记录。

六、 市场和计划

以印尼第三大城市棉兰为例。我们筛选了 5 家医院，分别是：

1、 Hospital Columbia Asia- Medan

哥伦比亚亚洲医院棉兰医院是棉兰最好的私人医院。建
筑面积 12.065 平方米，拥有 217 张病床和 37 个门诊诊所，
拥有 231 名高素质医生，是一家多专科医院。
提供 24 小时意外和急诊室，哥伦比亚亚洲棉兰专注于
外科，儿科，心脏中心和其他全科的医疗服务，如家庭健康
中心，执行健康检查，疼痛诊所，运动诊所，物理治疗，美
容诊所等，由药房，放射学和实验室提供支持。
患者组成情况：
企业患者 - 40％
保险患者 - 40％ （包括私人保险和国民健康保险）
个人 - 20％
2、 Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H.Adam Malik

H.Adam Malik 医院是一家综合医院，于 1993 年 7 月 21 日正

式建成，是隶属于卫生部的综合医院，医院有 790 张病床，是棉

兰最大的公共综合医院。

其 它 三 家 私 立 医 院 分 别 为 ： Columbia Asia Hospital , Siloam

Hospital , Murni Teguh Hospital。各有医疗特点。

计划：

诺 e 人工智能医疗系统在印尼属于新鲜事物，印尼的医院及医疗

系统需要一个了解和接受的过程。另一方面，作为推动项目方，我们

也需要不断学习，即要充分了解诺 e 的技术和性能，又要了解印尼医

疗系统的需求，以便使产品和市场很好的衔接。我们认为，项目处于

市场调查期，当前的工作重点是，通过一家或几家医院的试用，找到

诺 e 系统进入印尼的方法，以及在实践中发现存在的问题，为可能的

市场培育期、市场推广期创造条件。作为高科技产品，急功近利的方

式难以取得成功。

基于以上的认识，当前我们计划聚焦于上面选定的五家医院，进

行产品介绍，同时了解医院的想法和态度，争取先在几家医院做试点
使用。

我们希望诺安康现阶段给予的支持：

1、 授权开展印尼诺 e 人工智能医疗系统的试点工作。

2、 提供技术支持。

3、 提供试点样机及人员技术培训。
Indonesia's Health and Medical Industry

Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as "Indonesia") is the

largest population country in Southeast Asia and the

fourth largest population country in the world. In recent

years, the Indonesian government in Joko Widodo has

been actively developing its economy. The economy has

developed rapidly, with the economic growth rate

reaching 5.17% in 2018. On April 17, 2019, the new

Indonesian president was elected. Now, according to the

fast calculation of votes, President Joko Widodo is re-

elected. On the whole, President Joko Widodo's re-

election has had a stable and positive impact on Sino-

Indonesian bilateral relations. The Indonesian

government will continue to deepen all-round

cooperation with China within the framework of its

comprehensive strategic partnership with China. In

President Xi's words, it is a three-dimensional

cooperation that goes from heaven to sea. In particular,

the docking between China's the belt and road initiative

and Indonesia's ocean pivot strategy will be further

deepened.
In recent years, a large number of China's infrastructure

companies have entered the Indonesian market,

undertaking many key Indonesian construction projects

such as Yawan High-speed Railway, and many resource

investment and development projects, such as Qingshan

Aluminum, have also taken part and achieved good

economic and social benefits. Chinese enterprises do not

enter much into the health and medical industry. Faced

with Indonesia's huge market and rapid development, it

is the right time to lay out the Indonesian market.

I. Indonesia's Economic Situation

In 2018, Indonesia's economic growth rate was 5.17%,

ranking third among G20 countries. G20 countries'

economic growth rates were 7.3% in India, 6.6% in China

and 5.17% in Indonesia. Indonesia's per capita income in

2018 was 3,927 US dollars and Gross Domestic Product's

total was 1.042 trillion US dollars.

A research report recently issued by the International

Monetary Fund (IMF) said that Indonesia's economy is

developing steadily and its economic growth will

accelerate in the future. It is predicted that Indonesia's

economic growth rate will reach 5.4% in 2023 after 4

years, and its gross domestic product (Gross Domestic

Product) will rank 6th in the world. The report also

estimates that Indonesia's per capita income in 2023 will

reach 5,120 US dollars, and Indonesia's Gross Domestic

Product will account for about 2.8% of the world's total

output value, surpassing Russia, Brazil, Britain and France

to become the world's sixth, and Indonesia's Gross

Domestic Product will be the world's seventh from 2015

onwards.

II. Indonesia's Health and Medical System

The Organizational Structure of Indonesia's National

Health System

Organization Structure of Indonesian Local Health System

III. Indonesia's Health and Medical Industry

The following data, with the exception of special case

identification, are the end of 2018.

1. Population

Indonesia has a total population of 265 million, of which

133.1 million are men and 131.9 million are women, with

a gender ratio of 101.100.

There are 70.72 million women of childbearing age (15-

49 years old), 52.51 million women of childbearing age

(15-39 years old), 5.29 million pregnant and 5.05 million

delivered.

2. Gini coefficient

From 2013 to 2018, the Gini coefficient in Indonesia was

0.41, 0.41, 0.40, 0.39, 0.39 and 0.38 respectively, showing

a downward trend year by year. According to the

regulations of the United Nations Development

Programme, the Gini coefficient of 0.30-0.39 is of

medium grade, and 0.4 serves as the "warning line" for

income distribution gap.

The reality is that Indonesia's rich and middle class are

very rich.

3. Number of hospitals

Community hospitals: the number of community

hospitals that organize traditional health services in all

provinces, with a total of 9993 community hospitals in

Indonesia in 2018.
General hospitals: 5,626 general hospitals across

Indonesia.

Number of Indonesian Hospitals in 2018

Number of Indonesian Hospitals in Indonesia

Central government, regional government, private

hospitals combined

Ministry of Health, Police, Army, Other State-owned

Enterprises, Provinces, Counties and Cities

Indonesia 66 90 240 136 282 1058 180 3574 5626

Proportion: 1.17%, 1.60%, 4.27%, 2.42%, 5.01%, 18.81%,

3.20%, 63.53%, 100%

Table of Beds in Indonesia General Hospital 2018

Number of hospital beds in Indonesia's Indonesia

Hospital

Central government, regional government, private

hospitals combined

Ministry of Health, Police, Army, Other State-owned

Enterprises, Provinces, Counties and Cities

Number of general hospitals 15 45 113 55 91 527 87

1336 2269

Hospital bed 11086 5213 12269 6054 22441 77509 17369

129141 281082
Proportion 3.94%, 1.85%, 4.36%, 2.15%, 7.98%, 27.58%,

6.18%, 45.94%, 100.00%

5. Health Human Resources

Indonesia has 118,2808 medical professionals and

296,320 doctors. The total number of registered doctors

is 205,597, including 134,459 doctors, 29,721 specialists

and 41,417 dentists.

6. Health Financing

In 2018, the Indonesian government spent US$ 43.4

billion on health care, and actually paid US$ 40.2 billion,

accounting for 92.72% of the budgeted expenditure. The

government allocated US$ 31.3 billion, non-tax revenue

US$ 282 million, public service agencies US$ 8.077 billion

and foreign aid US$ 580 million among the payments

made by the health care industry. The government

allocated 77.86% of the total expenditure.

7. Major Diseases

Indonesia has a serious disease burden: high morbidity

and mortality. Indonesia is currently facing a serious

disease burden, of which cancer and cardiovascular

diseases are the two diseases with the highest incidence.

According to statistics from WHO's South Asia Regional

Office, cancer accounts for 6.6% of the total death rate in

Indonesia, higher than that in other parts of the world.

Cervical cancer is the most common type of cancer

among Indonesian women. Lung cancer caused by

smoking is also a disease with high incidence rate. The

number of diabetics is also increasing day by day.

Indonesia is also a country with a high incidence of

infectious diseases, with about 1500 children dying of

tuberculosis, malaria and pneumonia every day.

Indonesia's maternal mortality rate is 45 times higher

than the average in developed countries.

Mortality Rate Caused by Diseases in Indonesia

1 Cardiovascular disease, cancer 37%

2 Infectious diseases, perinatal mortality and 22% in

nutritional deficiency

Heart disease 13%

4 other non-communicable diseases 10%

5 7% of deaths due to injuries

Diabetes mellitus 6%

Chronic respiratory diseases 5%

Major Diseases in Indonesia:

1. Cerebrovascular or neovascular diseases.

2. Ischemic heart disease.

3. Diabetes with complications.

4. Respiratory tuberculosis.

5. Hypertension or complications of hypertension.

6. Respiratory diseases, especially chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases (respiratory diseases or chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases).

7. Liver disease or heart disease (liver or liver disease).

8. Traffic accidents (traffic accidents).

9. Pneumonia.

10. Diarrhea or gastroenteritis from infection.

11. Myocardial infarction.

12. Urinary diseases.

13. Cancer or lymphoma

IV. Social Security and Insurance

On January 1, 2014, Indonesia established its own social

insurance system, called BPJS for short. Medical insurance

is one of its branches. The name of the insurance is

National Health Insurance JKN, which is similar to China's

"Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Employees" and "The

new rural cooperative medical insurance". The number of

people participating in the national health insurance JKN

in 2018 was 208 million, and the coverage of the national

health insurance (JKN) in 2018 was 79.44%.

People who participate in JKN (including foreigners with

work visas) can enjoy medical services in public hospitals

in Indonesia. The basic characteristics of Indonesia's

health insurance:

The proportion of payment is 4% for units and 1% for

individuals. This 1% is for security guards.

All people are insured, with low premiums and lifetime

contributions.

Health insurance drugs, free accommodation, no cash, no

ceiling.

According to the patient's condition, they are transferred

to hospital step by step. The procedures are simple and

common throughout the country.

Limited conditions, overcrowding, serious illness

difficulties.

Indonesia's government has promised medical services

including no limited use of drugs and no payment ceiling.

The actual situation is that the drugs provided by the

medical insurance are all basic drugs, and the laboratory

tests are also individual tests. In addition, Indonesia's

public hospitals and community hospitals have limited

medical resources. It is difficult to obtain high medical

conditions in a timely and assured manner.

In view of the limited medical resources in Indonesia's

community hospitals and public hospitals, there are many

private hospitals in Indonesia. The medical conditions of

private hospitals are far better than those of public

hospitals. The number of private hospitals is also higher

than that of public hospitals, accounting for 63.53% of

the total number of hospitals in Indonesia. Sources of

income for private hospitals:

All kinds of private insurance.

Employees of state-owned enterprises and large-scale

enterprises enjoy treatment in private hospitals at the

unit's expense.

Some items of JKN National Health Insurance.

At one's own expense.

Five, medical diagnosis and treatment robot

Through consulting Indonesian periodicals and networks,

communicating with professional doctors, and

communicating with medical officials, there is no record

of using artificial intelligence in Indonesia.

VI. Markets and Plans

Take Medan, Indonesia's third largest city, as an example.

We screened five hospitals, namely:

1、 Hospital Columbia Asia- Medan

Columbia Asian Hospital Medan Hospital is the best

private hospital in Medan. With a construction area of

12.065 square meters, 217 beds, 37 outpatient clinics and

231 high-quality doctors, it is a multi-specialty hospital.

Providing 24-hour accident and emergency rooms,

Medan Asia, Colombia specializes in surgery, pediatrics,

cardiac centers and other general medical services, such

as family health centers, health check-ups, pain clinics,

sports clinics, physiotherapy, beauty clinics, etc.,

supported by pharmacies, radiology and laboratories.

Patient composition:

Enterprise patients-40%

Insured patients-40% (including private insurance and

national health insurance)

Individuals-20%

2、 Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H.Adam Malik

H.Adam Malik hospital is a general hospital, officially

completed on July 21, 1993. it is a general hospital

affiliated to the Ministry of health. it has 790 beds and is

the largest public general hospital in Medan.

The other three private hospitals are columbia asia

hospital, siloam hospital and murnett guh hospital. Each

has its own medical characteristics.

Plans:

Noe artificial intelligence medical system is a new thing in

Indonesia. Indonesia's hospitals and medical system need

a process of understanding and acceptance. On the other

hand, as the promoter of the project, we also need to

keep learning, that is, to fully understand the technology

and performance of NOE, and also to understand the

needs of Indonesia's medical system, so as to make the

product and the market connect well. We believe that the

project is in the market research period, and the current

focus of work is to find out the way to enter Indonesia

through trial in one or several hospitals, and find out the

existing problems in practice, so as to create conditions

for possible market cultivation period and market

promotion period. As a high-tech product, it is difficult to

achieve success in a quick way.

Based on the above understanding, at present we plan to

focus on the five hospitals selected above, introduce the

products, understand the hospital's thoughts and

attitudes, and try to make pilot use in several hospitals

first.

We hope Nuoankang will give us support at this stage:

1. Authorize the pilot work of Indonesia's Nuoe Artificial

Intelligence Medical System.

2. Provide technical support.

3. Provide pilot prototype and technical training for

personnel.