Supplementary Problems (Gas Laws) General Chemistry 1

1. A flexible container at an initial volume of 5.120 L contains 8.500 mol of gas. More gas is then added to
the container until it reaches a final volume of 18.10 L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas
remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the container.

Given: Initial volume (V1) = 5.120 L Initial number of moles (n1) = 8.500 mol
Final volume (V2) = 18.10 L
Find: Change in number of moles (∆n)
Conditions: Constant pressure and temperature

Solution:
Find the final number of moles first.
V1 V2
= Avogadro’s Law defines the relationship between
n1 n2
the volume of a gas and its number of moles,
assuming that the other parameters are constant.
5.120 L 18.10 L
8.500 mol
= n2
Substitute the values for each variable.
8.500 mol (18.10L)
n2 = 5.120 L
Isolate the unknown variable.

n2 = 30.048828125 mol Simplify the right-hand side of the equation.

Determine the number of moles added to the container.

∆n = n2 − n1 The increment of n can be written as the difference
between the two values of n.
∆n = 30.048828125 mol − 8.500 mol Substitute the values for each variable.
∆n = 21.548828125 mol Simplify the right-hand side of the equation.
∆n = 21.549 mol Express the answer at the least precise value.

2. A mixture of 14.0 grams of hydrogen, 84.0 grams of nitrogen, and 2.00 moles of oxygen are placed in a
flask. When the partial pressure of the oxygen is 78.00 mm of mercury, what is the total pressure in the
flask?

3. A mixture of gases contains 2.14 g of N2, 5.85 g of H2, and 4.18 g of NH3. If the total pressure of the
mixture is 4.58 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?
4. 8.278 x 10¯4 mol of an unidentified gaseous substance effuses through a tiny hole in 86.9 s Under
identical conditions, 1.740 x 10¯4 mol of argon gas takes 81.3 s to effuse.
a. What is the molar mass of the unidentified substance (in g/mol)?
b. What is the molecular formula of the substance?
c. Under identical conditions, how many moles of ethene (C2H4) gas would effuse in 91.0 s?

5. What is the molar mass of a compound that takes 2.65 times as long to effuse through a porous plug as it
did for the same amount of XeF2 at the same temperature and pressure?

6. Nitrogen is collected over water at 40.0 °C. What is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the total pressure is
99.42 kPa? The vapor pressure of water at 40.0 °C is looked up and found to be 7.38 kPa.

7. Three gases (8.00 g of methane, CH4, 18.0 g of ethane, C2H6, and an unknown amount of propane,
C3H8) were added to the same 10.0 L container. At 23.0 °C, the total pressure in the container was
measured to be 4.43 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the container.

8. If a molecule of C2H6 diffuses a distance of 0.978 m from a point source, calculate the distance (m) that a
molecule of CH4 would diffuse under the same conditions for the same period of time.

9. Cyanogen, a highly toxic gas, is composed of 46.2% C and 53.8% N by mass. At 25.0 °C and 750. torr,
1.05 g of cyanogen occupies 0.500 L. What is the molecular formula of cyanogen?