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CLINICAL REPORT
Drs Breuner and Levine shared responsibility for all aspects of writing
and editing the document and reviewing and responding to questions
and comments from reviewers and the Board of Directors, and
Tattoos, piercings, and scarification, also known as “body modifications,” approve the final manuscript as submitted.
are commonly obtained by adolescents and young adults. Previous This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
reports on those who obtain tattoos, piercings, and scarification have Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have
filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy
focused mainly on high-risk populations, including at-risk adolescents.1 of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process
Tattooing and piercing of various body parts no longer is a high-risk– approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of
Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial
population phenomenon, as evidenced by growing numbers of adults and involvement in the development of the content of this publication.
adolescents not considered at risk who have tattoos and multiple ear and Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit from
body piercings. The Pew Research Center reports that in 2010, 38% of expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external
reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American Academy of
18 to 29 year olds had at least 1 tattoo, and 23% had piercings in locations Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or the organizations
other than an earlobe.2 Of those with tattoos, 72% were covered and not or government agencies that they represent.
visible.2 Scarification is the practice of intentionally irritating the skin to The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course of
cause a permanent pattern of scar tissue; data are not currently available treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking
into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
on the prevalence of scarification in the United States.
All clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics
Although body modifications have become a mainstream trend, automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed,
they still may be associated with medical complications and, among revised, or retired at or before that time.
adolescents, may also co-occur with high-risk behaviors. This first DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1962
clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics on tattooing, Address correspondence to Cora C. Breuner, MD, MPH, FAAP. E-mail:
piercing, and scarification discusses the history of these methods of body cora.breuner@seattlechildrens.org
modification, educates the reader on methods used, reports on trends PEDIATRICS (ISSN Numbers: Print, 0031-4005; Online, 1098-4275).
in associated adolescent and young adult risk behaviors, differentiates
between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and body modifications, and
educates the reader about how to anticipate and prevent potential To cite: Breuner CC, Levine DA, AAP THE COMMITTEE ON
ADOLESCENCE. Adolescent and Young Adult Tattooing, Piercing,
medical complications. The report analyzes the literature about societal
and Scarification. Pediatrics. 2017;140(4):e20171962
acceptance of people with body modifications and perceptions that
supervision.
about regulations in local states or b Prohibition applies only to unmarried minors.
jurisdictions.100 c Prohibition for those younger than 14 years, consent required for ages 14–18 years.
d Prohibition for those younger than 18 years, consent required for ages 18–21 years.
e Prohibition for those younger than 16 years, consent required for ages 16–18 years.
Similarly, there has been f Tattooing is allowed only for covering up an existing tattoo.
considerable debate about g Prohibition for those younger than 14 years, consent required for ages 14–18 years.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
Updated Information & including high resolution figures, can be found at:
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017-1962
References This article cites 85 articles, 7 of which you can access for free at:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/09/14/peds.2
017-1962.full#ref-list-1
Subspecialty Collections This article, along with others on similar topics, appears in the
following collection(s):
Adolescent Health/Medicine
http://classic.pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/collection/adolescent
_health:medicine_sub
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Pediatrics is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it
has been published continuously since . Pediatrics is owned, published, and trademarked by the
American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois,
60007. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN:
.
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
located on the World Wide Web at:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/09/14/peds.2017-1962
Pediatrics is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it
has been published continuously since . Pediatrics is owned, published, and trademarked by the
American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois,
60007. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN:
.