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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Job analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about the content and

the human requirements of jobs, as well as, the context in which jobs are performed. This process

is used to determine placement of jobs. A process to identify and determine in detail the particular

job duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job. Job

Analysis is a process where judgments are made about data collected on a job.

Important concept of Job Analysis is that the analysis is conducted of the Job, not the

person. While job analysis data may be collected from incumbents through interviews or

questionnaires, the product of the analysis is a description or specifications of the job, not a

description of the person. It is a process used to collect information about the duties,

responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. The job

analysis is useful in providing an overview of the fundamental requirements of any position. You

need as much data as possible to put together a job description, which is the frequent result of the

job analysis.

Job Analysis plays an important role in recruitment and selection, job evaluation, job

designing, deciding compensation and benefits packages, performance appraisal, analyzing

training and development needs, assessing the worth of a job and increasing personnel as well as

organizational productivity.
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Company Overview

Ladenjoy Garments is a manufacturing type of business that produces customized polo

shirts, bags, t-shirts, jogging pants, jackets, P.E uniforms, sport uniforms, school and office

uniforms and vests. They also offer services like computerized embroidery, graphics layout. They

started operating here in Tacloban City in the year of 2016, it was owned by Mr. Juanito Ebora

and their main branch is in General Santos City.

In Ladenjoy Garments, they make sure that the customer is aware of the properties and

characteristics of the fabrics. Since, the business is based on the job order of the customer, it is the

designer’s responsibility to select the appropriate design for their intended application but product

producer or sewer personnel provide information to help the customers make appropriate style or

design and fabric.

The style characteristics of the product fabrics are soft it has a smooth texture, and elastic.

On the other hand, the sizes of the shirts of Ladenjoy Garments were categorized as small, medium,

large, and extra-large. Also, every size of the shirt was one inch away from the smallest size. In

addition, the sizes also in number, it happens when the sizes were too small or large for the

consumer. In the customized products of Ladenjoy Garments most of the colors are combined and

most of them were vibrant colors.

Review Related Literature

A large number of establishments in the garment industries of the world are situated in the

southeastern part of Asia where labor is plentiful and cheap. Recent reports and observational

studies suggest that employees in this industry often work under difficult conditions that are

unacceptable in industrialized countries. This paper reports the results of an ergonomic study in
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an export garment manufacturing plant in South East Asia to evaluate the working conditions of

the plant from an ergonomics/human factors perspective and to suggest possible solutions to

management for implementation. The investigation was done by a questionnaire survey and by

observations and measurements in the workplace. The results indicated that the plant conditions

were stressful, involving long work hours with poor safety and labor relations, and that work

equipment and the physical workplace design were acceptable ergonomic practices. A low-cost

solution, presented to management by the investigators, was implemented and, over a period of

six months, seemed to be the dominant reason for significant improvements in throughput (14.6%),

reduction in absenteeism (65 %), job satisfaction (40 %), decrease in employee turnover (75 %),

and reduction in health complaints (50 %).

Workers in the garment industry work in clothes designing, sewing or cutting services, and

clothes wholesaling (Chan et al., 2002). Due to the nature of these jobs, the prevalence of work-

related musculoskeletal disorders has been high. The nature and severity of the disorders have been

considered to be the results of the job characteristics -- constrained and sustained work postures,

highly repetitive actions, and strong visual demands. The consequences are obvious from the

ergonomics points of view – physical and emotional suffering of the workers, high worker

compensation costs, decreased productivity and overall inefficiency.

Research on working conditions and associated problems in the garment industry have

been conducted by a number of investigators (Keyserling et al., 1982; Punnett, et al., 1985; Blader,

et al., 1991; Nag et al., 1992; Anderson et al., 1993; Serratos-Perez and Mendiola-Anda, 1993; and

Chan et al., 2002), and their findings have supported the outcomes expected from work

environments with poor ergonomic features, including constrained postures, repetitive motions

and strong visual demands. Keyserling, et al. (1982) and Serratos-Perez and Mendiola-Anda
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(1993), for example, found cumulative trauma disorder prevalence rates among sewing machine

operators to be 25 % and 47.5 %, respectively. High prevalence rates of problems in the upper

body (the neck, shoulders, arms, hands, and back) have also been observed by others (Balder et

al., 1991; Punnett et al., 1985; Nag et al, 1985; Anderson and Gaardboe, 1993; and Chan et al.,

2002) It is suggested that one of the worst aspects of sewing machine operations in the garment

manufacturing industry is the body posture operators are forced to assume throughout the workday.

Operators typically sit with a sharp forward flexed torso (Halpern and Dawson, 1996) which places

them at risk to musculo-skeletal disorders (Vihma et al., 1982). Such a posture has been found to

be mainly the result of the geometry of the workstation, and suggested and tested solutions have

included work surface modification (Haslegrave and Corlett, 1993), the adoption of adjustable

chairs (Keyserling and Chaffin, 1988; Yu et al., 1988) and various low cost workplace

modifications (Chan et al., 2002). Li et al. (1995), in a review of the literature, noted that sewing

machine operators’ posture improved from changes in machine and work surface inclination, and

Yu et al. (1988) also observed significant posture improvements from improved seat design (Yu

et al., 1988).

In addition to the poor physical workplace and equipment design, administrative problems,

such as inadequate breaks and lack of job control by workers, as observed by Ahasan and Rabiul

(2002), have most likely contributed to the physical ailments mentioned above. In the Asian

garment industry, the laxity of labor law enforcement seems to have produced a lack of taking

responsibility by management and owners toward working conditions. Studies have shown that

most of the garment factories have not followed the country’s labor laws and the International

Labor Organization’s conventions (Bongers, et al., 2002). Management and owners seldom take

responsibility for any workplace injuries or accidents, and evade responsibilities, even for
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accidental deaths (Khan, 1997). In Dhaka, Bangladesh, for example, there is little enforcement of

a national minimum wage and, while that wage is expected to be revised every three years, its

implementation is lacking especially in the garment manufacturing industry. Violation of working

hours is no less severe. According to the labor laws in Dhaka, the maximum number of working

hours per day should be 10, including 2 overtime hours but, in most cases, workers are forced to

work longer extending to 12 to 16 hours per day. Inadequate or absence of transportation, housing,

insurance, social security or children day care facilities exacerbates already difficult working

conditions. Anecdotal evidence points to congestion in people and equipment, excessive heat and

humidity, poor furniture and physical workstation design. Prolonged sitting, in unnatural postures

is not uncommon and is often accompanied with seats that have no backrests. There are also cases

of inadequate rest break periods.

The objectives of the study were to enlarge the database of the working conditions in the

garment manufacturing industry in South East Asia through an ergonomic evaluation of the

working conditions of the workers and to suggest possible solutions to deal with observed

problems.

Methods: Workers’ perceptions of their physical work conditions were solicited via a

questionnaire, prepared by the study investigators and management of the plant. The questionnaire

was administered in the plant to a total of 460 subjects (419 females and 41 males). The subjects

were volunteers and were not promised or given any rewards for their efforts. They were engaged

in work activities such as drawing, cutting, operating machines, sewing, and ironing.

Questionnaire information was gathered on personal characteristics, subjective opinions about

work conditions, and cumulative trauma problems associated with work in the plant. The personal

and job related characteristics of the subjects (age, years at work, gender, education level and work
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experience) are summarized in Table 1. The investigation lasted for six months and involved

management participation at all stages. However, the acquiescence of management to perform a

follow-up study could not be guaranteed and was not done. Also, a control group of subjects in

the investigation was not practical because of high turnover. Quantitative data were analyzed with

the SPSS statistical analysis system.

Results And Discussion: The subjects were relatively young, with the mean age of 27.1 years (n =

460). About two thirds of them were below 30 years of age, with about 15 % below 20. They

were relatively inexperienced, with an average duration of 4.3 years on the job. These data, which

suggest rapid turnover of the workforce, are typical of most of the South East Asian apparel

manufacturing industries (Zohir and Majumder, 1996b) and imply that a severe human cost was

embedded in the work. In addition, working hours in this plant were lengthy by the standards of

the industrialized countries. Figure 1 is a photograph depicting a typical crowded work

environment in the plant that was investigated in the present study. As Figure 2 indicates,
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approximately 70 % of the sample worked 50-60 hours per week and 65% of the sample were

under 30 years of age.

Conclusion: This study examined the ergonomic work conditions in a garment manufacturing

plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Questionnaire survey responses, observations of the physical

workplace and empirical measurements pertaining to working conditions showed clear evidence

of work practices, workplace conditions and equipment designs that were detrimental to

productivity, health and safety. The deleterious effects included relatively high incidences of

musculoskeletal problems, mainly in the upper body, poor morale and high worker turnover. The

observed effects are, however, not unlike those found in other South East Asian garment

manufacturing plants. It seems that the tradition of management and owners of not making changes

they consider costly, initially, is still difficult to overcome, and ergonomic interventions, which do

not typically yield quick results are not exceptions. It is, therefore, pragmatic, as done in this

study, to suggest changes that are modest, for gaining acceptability to management.

Recommendations made to management in this study that included furniture and other equipment

improvements were combined with improved line balancing of the manufacturing process. The

implementation of these recommendations yielded significant improvements in productivity and

the effects on the workers over a relatively short period of time. The information gained on work

conditions and the ergonomic analyses, with implemented solutions, add to the state of knowledge

of these workplaces and focus our attention on where work condition improvements are needed.

Unless the work culture changes drastically, it would always be difficult to implement changes

that alleviate suffering and ill health among workers in societies where unemployed people wait

in abundance for a chance to work, and where their introduction into the workplace is seen as an
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alternative to spending money and other resources to improve work conditions. (MD B. Sarder,

Sheik N. Imrhan, and Nabeel Mandahawi)

Objective

The overall objective of the study is to develop with the design that is more effective and

efficient in terms of the design of workstation, the machine and furniture’s used in doing the job,

and other supporting activities to the job and to the employee.

The specific objectives of the study are:

 To study the working condition of the worker in performing the job.

 To determine the machine, materials and tools used in performing the job.

 To determine the duties and responsibilities of the worker.

 To improve the workstation of the job.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Subject Information

This study utilizes the descriptive-analysis method of research since the researcher’s aim

is to look into the workstation and working condition of the tailors in Ladenjoy in order to

determine and identify the, the machine, tools and materials used, duties and responsibilities of the

job and other constraints that affects the performance of the worker in doing the job.

The subject being studied for this research is the tailor or garment maker of Ladenjoy

Garments. A tailor is someone who sews, joins, reinforces, or finishes clothing or other items.

They may create new pieces of clothing from patterns and designs or alter existing garments to fit

customers better. They work Tailors typically do the following:

a) Measure clients to ensure that clothing will fit properly

b) Cut and measure fabric according to a pattern or design

c) Mark garments to note where alterations are necessary

d) Open seams to hem garments and to make other alterations

e) Sew clothing by hand, using a needle and thread or with sewing machines

f) Fit clothing on customers to determine if additional alterations are necessary

Tailors can specialize in alterations or in sewing custom garments. Those who do

alterations ensure that clothes fit customers properly. They make changes to garments, such as

hemming pants to make them shorter or taking in seams to make clothing smaller.
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Some specialize in a certain type of garment, such as custom made men's suits. Others

specialize in a particular type of material, such as fur. Fur tailors may restyle older clothing, add a

fur collar to a coat or a dress, or sew the inner lining of a garment to the inside of fur skin by hand.

Some tailors work with designers or customers to create new garments. They take orders

from customers and help them select fabric and colours. When working with a designer, tailors

help translate designs into finished pieces of clothing. For example, a tailor may work with a

fashion designer and hand sewer to create exclusive custom-fitted clothing.

Some tailors own their business. In these cases, they may do management and

administrative tasks, such as managing the business' finances and taking orders. for textile and

apparel manufacturers, department stores, and dry cleaners.

The study is conducted in Ladenjoy Garments Brgy. Arrellano Real St. Tacloban City. See

figure 1. location of Ladenjoy Garments.

Figure 1.0 Map of Tacloban City

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Equipment Utilize

We formulated a questionnaire used as an equipment in conducting this study which was

administered to the employee was assigned to entertain us. The interview questions were aimed at

gathering information concerning to the working condition of the employee while doing the job,

the machines and tools used in doing the job, the roles and regulations of the job, and the job

description and qualifications of the job.

The content of the equipment utilization was based on the learning of the students during

the class discussion of the theories and all the necessary information that are needed in conducting

this study and with the aid of internet resources.

Process of Data Collection

1) Search for the any business or establishment.

2) Enlist those prospect establishment.

3) Write and submit the communication letter to the establishments.

4) Ladenjoy Garments approved the letter.

5) Construction of questionnaire.

6) Conduct an interview and observation to the establishment.

The following were the tools used in gathering the data and information needed:

Communication Letter for Approval. Formal letters addressed to owner of the chosen

establishment were distributed by the students duly signed by their instructor and department head

asking permission to conduct research study and actual interview by the researchers.
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Questionnaire. Interview questionnaires were designed by the students, and distributed to the

owner of the establishment prior of the actual interview to give the owner and employee insights

about the questions.

Interview. A formal consultation was conducted in Ladenjoy Garments at Tacloban City to gather

the needed information for the research study. Random interview was also conducted to the

employees of the establishment.

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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Ladenjoy Garments has five different personnel which are Quality Control Officer, Cutting

Officer, Printing Officer, Embroidery Officer and Tailor. For this study, the researchers choose the

tailor to be the subject for their job analysis.

JOB ANALYSIS

Job Description

Job Title: Tailor

Establishment: Ladenjoy Garments

Job Location: Brgy. 51-A Real Arellano St. Tacloban City

Summary Description: Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. Design or make tailored

garments, applying knowledge of garment design, construction, tying, and fabrics.

Job Specification

Job Requirements:

Experience: Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these

occupations

Education: Most occupation in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-

the-job experience, or an associate degree.

Training: Employees in this field usually need one or two years of training involving both

on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized

apprenticeship may be associated with this kind of occupation.

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Skills:

 Must acquire knowledge of how to make and mend clothing

 Must know basic design, including constructions methods for various garments

 Must be able to use and apply mathematical principles in work

 Must have knowledge of customer service

 Active Listener- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to

understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting

at inappropriate times.

 Critical Thinking- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of

alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to the problem.

 Time Management- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

 Speaking- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Abilities:

Visualization- Be able to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when

its parts are moved or rearranged.

Finger Dexterity- Be able to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or

both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Arm-Hand Steadiness- Be able to keep the hand and arm steady while moving the arm or

while holding the arm and hand in one position.

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Oral Comprehension- Be able to listen and understand information and ideas presented

through spoken words and sentences.

Control Precision- Be able to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of the machine to

exact positions.

Knowledge:

IMPORTANCE/PERCENTAGE AREA OF KNOWLEDGE

Customer and Personal Service- Knowledge of

principles and processes for providing

customer and personal services. This includes

75%
customer needs assessment, meeting quality

standards for services, and evaluation of

customer satisfaction.

Design- Knowledge of design techniques,

tools, and principals involved in production of

56%
precision technical plans, drawings, and

models.

Education and Training- Knowledge of

principles and methods for individuals and

53%
groups, and the measurement of training

effects.

53% Mathematics- Knowledge of basic arithmetic

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Job Duties & Responsibilities:

 Reading and interpreting schematics and technical drawings

 Measuring and making fabrics

 Adjusting hems, cuffs and sleeves while keeping the basic proportions and drape of the

garment intact

 Basting garment components together

 Removing stitches and ripping out seams, using sharp instrument

 Operate sewing machines

 Creating buttonholes and installing buttons and zippers

 Develops design for garment, adapts existing design for garment, or copies existing design

for garment.

 Alters fabric and joins parts, using needle and thread or sewing machine, to form finished

garment.

 Draws individual pattern or alters existing pattern to fit customer’s measurement

 Sews buttons and buttonholes to finish garment

 Confers with customer to determine type of material and garment style desired

 Positions pattern of garment part on fabric, and cuts fabric along outlines, using scissors

 Measures customer for size, using tape measure and records measurement
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Machine, Materials and Tools Used

Seam Ripper. A handy little tool for taking out seams and removing

stitches. It must be used carefully so as not to cut the fabric.

Sewing Gauge. A small metal rule with a sliding marker ideal for

measuring seam allowance, hems, tucks, button holes etc. a 6-inch

gauge with a movable indicator convenient for measuring short lengths.

Tape Measure. A 60-inch-long measuring device used in taking body

measurements, drafting patterns, and measuring fabrics. It has metal tip

and reversible markings in centimeters and inches.

Needles. Comes in three sizes: small, medium, and large. Small

needles are used on light and soft material, while big needles are for

rough, thick and heavy materials. Needles are used for basting,

sewing buttons on and when mending torn clothes.

Scissor. A cut fabric and treads.

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Bent-handled Shears. A 7 to 8-inch-long scissors suitable for

cutting fabric because the blades rest flat on the cutting surface.

Trimming scissors. A 6-inch-long scissors for trimming and

clipping seams and for general use.

Tailor Chalk. A thin piece of hard chalk used in tailoring for

making temporary alteration marks on clothing.

Thread. A tip use the same thread kind on both spoon and bobbin,

except using embroidery thread or denim hem thread; this will

minimize hazard of thread breaking.

Lock Stitch Sewing Machine

Type: Single Needle

Specifications:

Speed: 5,000 spm

Stitch Length: Max 5mm

Presser Lift: 6mm

Needle DBx #14

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N.W:25kgs

G.W:31k

Capacity: One part sewing

Use of Lock Stitch sewing machine: lock stitch is one of the important stitch types among all the

stitches. It is used to make pants, shirts, dresses and various parts of apparels.

Overlock Sewing Machine

Type: Four Thread

Specifications:

Max sewing speed: 6,000rpm

Stitch length: 0.8 – 4mm

Needle: DC x 279 -14

Max lift of the presser foot: 6mm

Machine weight: 28 kg

Capacity: One part sewing

Uses of overlock sewing machine: overlock sewing machines usually run at high speeds, from

1000 to over 9000 rpm, and most are used in industry for edging, hemming and seaming a variety

of fabrics and products. Overlock stitches are extremely versatile, as they can be used for

decoration, reinforcement, or construction.

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Machine weight: 28 kg Interlock Sewing Machine

Type: Flat

Specifications:

Group: Chai Stitch

Needle No. 3

Needle Size: 9, 11,14,16,18,20,2

Spm: 2,500

Capacity: One part sewing

Uses of interlock sewing machine: interlock machine is a stretch stitch sewing machine generally

used in garments factory.

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Process Flow

Figure 2.0 Process Flow in Making Customized Polo Shirts


Table 1.0 Process Flow in Making Customized Polo Shirts with Description and Duration
Description
It is usually used as opening in
necklines, sleeve cuffs,
waistbands of pants and skirts.
Matching the placket to the other
part
Attaching the placket to the other
part
Sew placket by top stitching
Closing the end part of the
placket
Same design
Joining the shoulder joint to
shoulder tap
Sew shoulder
Attach collar to the neck
Sew collar back by top stitching
Decorate the edges of the neck
Sew the folded edge of the cloth
Joining the sleeve to body
Sew the bottom hem
Joining two pieces of fabric
together face-to-face by sewing
through both pieces
Sew sleeve from the outside
A slit or loop through which a
button is passed
Put or arrange buttons
Attaching buttons to the front
placket
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Duration
Step Machine used (in
minutes)
Lock Stitch Sewing machine
Placket making .25
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Done on the table
Placket matching with front .08
Lock stitch sewing machine
Placket attaching with front 2.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Placket top stitch 2.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Placket tuck .28
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Matching (front & back part) Done on the table .28
Over lock
Shoulder joint with shoulder
machine 3.0
tap
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Shoulder top stitch 1.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Attach collar 1.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Collar back top stitch 1.0
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Neck piping 2.0
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Over lock machine
Sleeve hem joint with sleeve 3.0
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Overlock machine
Sleeve joint with the body 2.0
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Bottom hem 2.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Over lock machine
Edging Side seam 3.5
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Lock stitch sewing machine
Sleeve outside top stitch 2.0
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Button holler machine
Button hole .28
Capacity: 1 part sewing
Button positioning Done on the table .13
Button attaching Manual .5
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The above table shows the step by step operations in making the customized polo shirts.

The process flow covers 19 operations that has a duration 28.8 minutes per polo shirt. Therefore;

Total Duration: 28.8 minutes

Selected time =Total duration/No. of elements = 28. 8 minutes / 19

Work Schedule

Ladenjoy garments don’t follow any work schedule since they vary on their customer

orders in that way they are flexible on their time in doing their work; they only produce when they

receive an order coming from the customers but they can produce 20 pieces of polo shirt per day

per sewer. Ladenjoy operates 316 days per year, during Saturdays are their day offs.

Workstation Measurement

PARTS MEASUREMENT
Width of the table 107 cm
Length of the table 45 cm
Height of the table 76 cm
Distance of the light to the table 44 cm
Width of the chair 96 cm
Length of the chair 20 cm
Height of the chair 51 cm
Total Area 42 x 51 cm
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Plan Layout of Ladenjoy Garments

Figure 3.0 Plan Layout of Ladenjoy Garments

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Work Environment

Ventilation

The whole area of Ladenjoy, from the office to the sewing area has one air conditioner.

However, the status of the area is warm with the temperature of 32°C.

Sound Level

The level of the sound in the sewing area is high because the embroidery machine is near

at the sewing area that might affect the performance of the tailor. But according to the tailor that

we interviewed it’s okay with them because they used to it and it didn’t affect their work.

Figure 4.0 Sound Measurements at the Sewing Area of Ladenjoy Garments

Illumination

The tailor used different types of machines in performing the job, these are Lock Stitch

Sewing Machine, Overlock Sewing Machine and Interlock Sewing Machine. This machine is

arranged in no particular order, each machine has 1 source of light which is fluorescent lamp with

the distance of 44 cm to the table. Eleven machines at the sewing area are at the normal level of

lux these are; seven machines of Lock Stitch sewing machine, two machines of Overlock sewing
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machine and two machines of Interlock sewing machine. The five machines who didn’t reach the

normal lux level because their source of light is quite far from their work table these machines are,

three machines of Lock Stitch sewing machine and two machines of Overlock sewing machine

Figure 5.0 Lux Measurements at the Sewing Area of Ladenjoy Garments

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the knowledge of the researchers during the class discussion of the theories on

Ergonomics and all the knowledge they have learned in school that they use to conduct a job

analysis, the observations below are the constraints found in performing the job.

Checklist

Table 2.0 Checklist of Workstation and Working Condition

SYMPTOMS/
POSSIBLE AREAS OF POSSIBLE
QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS POTENTIAL SOLLUTIONS
DISCOMFORT
WORKSTATION
1. Does the chair use Lack of arm rest can Arm Provide an arm rests
by the increase the risk of Forearm to promote good
workers tendonitis. Elbow postures in doing the
has job.
armrest?
2. Does the chair used Lack of upper and Back Use a chair in the
by the workers has lower back support of Neck and Shoulder sewing area that has
upper and the chair can cause back support to
lower back back pain. minimize the stress
support? from the work.

3. Does the chair used Unadjustable chair Back Provide an adjustable

by the can affect the normal Neck and Shoulder chair for the workers
workers is body posture of the to minimize stress in
adjustable? worker. doing the job.
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4. Does the chair used Unergonomically Back Provide an adjustable

by the workers is chair can affect the Neck and Shoulder chair for the workers
ergonomically design? body postures and to minimize stress in
back pain doing the job.

5. Does the area under Lack of space under Legs Remove objects
the desk accommodate the work surface limits underneath work
the legs the ability of the surface that are not
and has a worker to move and necessary.
footrests? change postures

6. Are the workers Increase the stress and Headaches Use equipment and
using ergonomically uncomfortability in tools that are
design equipment and doing the job. ergonomically design
tools? to lessen the stress of
the worker.

7. Does the height of Unappropriated height Back The height of the

table is normal to the of the table can cause Neck table should be
workers? pain in the back and in standard to all
the neck. workers.

WORKING CONDITION
8. Does the workers Awkward postures Back Provide an ergonomic
acquired awkward can affect the proper Neck and Shoulder tool and equipment to
postures in doing the postures of your body minimize the stress of
job? and might lead the worker.
accident or injury.
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9. Does the worker Lack of stretching can Body The worker should
routinely perform cause stress to the have quick break to
streching body of the worker avoid stress in
and and high risk to have a working for a long
movement WMSDs. period of time.
exercises?

10. Is the illumination Poor illumination can Eyes The management

at the work surface is affect or damage the Headache must apply the
adequate for the eyes of the worker. standard level of
worker in performing illumination to the
the job? work surface of the
worker.

11. Does the It can affect the Body Provide an adequate

ventilation behavior and attention source of air to
of the of the worker during accommodate the
workplace the operation. comfortability of the
was good? worker.
12. Is there is It might affect the Headache Separate the machine
unnecessary noise in concentration or or anything that cause
the sewing attention of the worker noise to the sewing
area? during the operation. area or production
area.

13. Does all the It can cause delay in Headache Provide an equipment
workers in the sewing the production and and tool to each
area has their own unsatisfied order of worker to increase the
tools, materials and the customers. production rate.
equipments to used to
do the
operation?

14. Are the tools and Poor equipment and Headache Always check the
equipment used by the materials can cause condition of the
workers is delay in the machines and
in a good production and equipment before to
condition? unsatisfied order of start the operation.
the customers.
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15. Are the workers Wearing Body Wearing comfortable

comfortable with their uncomfortable clothes clothes in the working
working can affect the area can increase the
attire? performance of the productivity of the
worker during workers
production time.
16. Does the area of Lack of space that Body Arrange and utilize
the workplace utilize limits the ability of the well the production
well? worker to move. area according to the
specific will be
conducted.

17. Does the working Lack of signs can Put visual displays to
area has cause accidents or give information to
visual injuries. the worker without
displays? telling them.

The principles used for the improvement of the working conditions and working

environment of the tailor.

Principles of Personal Protective Equipment. Specialized clothing or equipment worn by

employees for protection against health and safety hazards. Personal protective equipment is

designed to protect many parts of the body, eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears.

Principles of Motion Economy. Is a form a set of rules and suggestions to improve the manual

work in manufacturing and reduce fatigue and unnecessary movements by the worker, which can

lead to the reduction in the work related trauma.

Principles of Ergonomics. The scientific study of people and their working conditions, especially

done in order to improve effectiveness.

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Principles of Working Environment. Is a working environment is a broad term and means all

your surroundings when working. Your physical working environment is, for example, your work

tools as well as air, noise and light.

Principle of Working Condition. The conditions in which an individual or staff works, including

but not limited to such things as amenities, physical environment, stress and noise levels, degree

of safety or danger, and the like.

Summary of Findings

Principles of Personal Protective Equipment

1) The tailor don’t apply the appropriate PPE in performing the job.

Principles of Motion Economy

1) The height of the chair is too high for the worker.

2) The storage of the finish product is far from the working area of the worker.

3) Unavailability of storage room for the finish product.

4) Machines are not properly arranged according to its sequence of use.

5) Garbage bins are not available causing the sewing area disorganized.

6) Upon observing the sewing area, the tools and equipment are not in order because there is no

designated storage of the tools.

Principles of Ergonomics

1) Chairs of tailor is uncomfortable with no back for leaning and occupies much space because of

the width.

2) The width of the table is undersized that affect the performance in doing the job.
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3) The measurements of the table and the chairs is not feasible to the users.

Principles of Working Environment

1) The working area for the tailor in performing the job is limited.

2) The position of the machines is too close each other that affect the pathway.

3) When embroidery machine is functioning the noise of the embroidery machine can distract the

workers.

Principle of Working Condition.

1) The tailor’s schedule for the work is flexible; it is up to the tailors if he starts early or late, since

payment type is based on the number of finished product they have produced.

2) In the interview of the tailor, she said that they do not have any compensation or benefits from

Ladenjoy Garments.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Principles of Personal Protective Equipment

1. Each tailors should follow the applicable PPE to minimize the accidents and injuries in

performing the job.

Principles of Motion Economy

1. The height of the chair must be suitable to the height of the table or provide a chair that is

adjustable so that it can accommodate the different height of the users.

2. Provide a baskets or bins to each tailors to minimize the time in transporting the finish product

to the storage area and to minimize the mess in the working table of the tailor.
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3. Provide a designated place for storage area for all finish product so that it will be easy for the

owner to distinguish the number of outputs everyday and easy to distinguish if the order of

the customers is already available for distribution.

4. The machines should be arranged according to its use, as a result the motion of the worker in

performing the job is smooth and reduce the time in transferring to other machines.

5. Provide a garbage bins to each workstation to minimize the mess and discomfort in the sewing

area.

6. Sort all the unnecessary things in the sewing table to have a free access on the needed materials

in performing the job.

Principles of Ergonomics

1. Provide an ergonomically design chair. The seat angle would be 90 degree-110 degree, knee

angle 90 degree to 110 degree with the lumbar support for lower back support and has an arm

rest that. And the seat material on the seat and back should have enough padding to be

comfortable to sit on for a long period of time.

2. The width of the table should be expand to minimize the stress and larger the space for the

worker in performing the job.

3. The dimensions of the table and chairs is should be design according to the average

anthropometric measurements of the tailors or users.

Principles of Working Environment

1. The working area should be expand to accommodate the necessary space of the tailor during

the operation.
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2. There should be enough space from machines to other machines to have a bigger pathway and

minimize the accidents and injuries might occur in the working area.

3. There should a separate room for embroidery machine to minimize the noise in the sewing

area and diminish the distraction to the workers during the operation.

Principle of Working Condition.

1. The tailors and other workers of Ladenjoy Garments should be provided benefits and

compensation.
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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS

Job analysis plays an important role in recruitment and selection, job evaluation, job

designing and performance appraisal. Therefore it is one of the most functions of an HR

management. It helps in fitting the right kind of talent at the right place and at the right time.

For this study, the main purpose of conducting a job analysis is to prepare a job description

and job specification which in turn helps to hire the right quality of the workforce into the

organization at the right place and with the right skills. Job description and job specification further

gives conclusions for job evaluation. This information is used to design effective job. To design

effective job we should keep balance between efficiency and behavioral elements and other factors

might affect the performance of the worker. Efficiency element emphasizes productivity and

behavioral element focus on employee needs in our job analysis. So if we can contribute in some

way by helping in improving the working process, the workstation and the work environment, it

will be our first step towards emancipation of workers.

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REFERENCES

https://www.sokanu.com/careers/tailor/
https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/toolsandsamples/toolkits/pages/performingjobanalysis.a
spx
https://phsclothingtech.weebly.com/sewing-tools-and-equipment.html
https://www.myplan.com/careers/tailorsdressmakersandcustomsewers/description516052.00.htm
l
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/574983077416802522
https://job-analysis.net/G000.htm
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DOCUMENTATION