SAT II Biology E/M Dr Haitham AbdAllah

0100 36 777 19

Table of Contents

Subject

Cellular and molecular Biology Questions

*Biochemistry…………………………………………………………………….……….…

answer Key ……………………………………………………………..….

*Cells …………………………………………………………………………………………….

Answer Key …..………………………………………………………...….

*Cell division ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Answer Key ……………………………………………………………..……

*Protein synthesis……………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer key…………………………………………………………………….

*Bio-technology…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer key……………………………………………………………………..
Genetics Questions : .............................................................................................
Answer Key : …………………………………………………………………..

Evolution Questions : ...........................................................................................

Answer Key : ………………….………………………………………………..

Taxonomy Questions : .................................................................................................

Answer Key : ……..……………………………………………………………..

Plants Questions : ................................................................................................

Answer Key : …………………………………………………………………..

Human Body Questions : .............................................................................................

Answer Key : ……………………………………………………………………..

Ecology Questions : .............................................................................................................

Answer Key : ………………………………………………………………….
Experiments : .......................................................................................................................

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 SAT II Biology E/M Dr Haitham AbdAllah
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Answer Key : …………………………………………………………………………

Animal Behaviour…………………………………………………………..………………………………..
Answer key………………………………………………………..........………….
Miscellaneous………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer key…………………………………………………………………………

Biochemistry

1. During digestion, large organic molecules.are hydrolyzed to simple molecular

units. Which of the following is NOT an example of such hydrolysis?

(A) DNA to RNA

(B) Starch to glucose
(C) Polypeptides to amino acids
(D) Fats to glycerol and fatty acids
(E) Polysaccharides to monosaccharides

2. Which of the following molecular characteristics CANNOT be determined from the following
·
formula C6H12O6 ?

(A) The kinds of atoms

(B) The number of atoms
(C) The molecular weight
(D) The positions of atoms
(E) The numerical proportion of atoms

3. The generalized structural formula pictured above represents which of the following?
(A) A monosaccharide
(B) A glucose molecule
(C) A lipid
(D) An amino acid
(E) A fatty acid

4. If the function of a molecule is catalytic then the molecule is most likely ?

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(A) Lipid
(B) Carbohydrate
(C) Protein
(D) Nucleotide
(E) Cellulose molecule

5. Which of the following is the product of hydrolysis of glycogen ?

(A) RNA
(B) Glucose
(C) Fats
(D) Amino acids
(E) Proteins

6. A gram of which of the following releases the most energy when oxidized ?
(A) Amino acid
(B) Protein
(C) Nucleic cid
(D) Fat
(E) Carbohydrate

7. Which of the following molecules is a polysaccharide ?

(A) Catalase
(B) Testosterone
(C) Glucose
(D) Glycogen
(E) Hemolglobin

8. Which of th following has the greatest amount of energy per gram ?

(A) Starch
(B) Alanine
(C) Cellulose
(D) Vitamin C
(E) Fat

9. An unidentified liquid is isolated from a sample of ground-up bean seeds. When the liquid is added to
a test tube of water and shaken vigorously, the water and theunknown liquid separate into two layers
after a few minutes. To which class of biological macromolecules should the unknow liquid most
likely be assigned ?
(A) Crabohydrates
(B) Enzymes
(C) Lipids
(D) Nucleis acids
(E) Protein

Questions 10-11 :

The following graph shows an energy profile of a reaction.

EA is the activation energy to reach an unstable transition
state and ∆G is the difference in the energy of products and

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reactants for overall reaction.

10. The activation energy ( E A ) of the reaction is the energy required

(A) To form substrates in the reaction
(B) In change tertiary enzyme structure
(C) To change the bonds in the reactant molecules
(D) To bring reactants together in solution
(E) To allow products to reach a stable state

11. Enzymes change the rate of reaction by

(A) Lowering the EA of the reaction
(B) Lowering the ∆G of the reaction
(C) Raising the EA of the reaction
(D) Raising the ∆G of the reaction
(E) Changing the form of the transition state

Questions 12-13 :

12. Which molecule is the primary source of energy for animals ?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

13. Which molecule is an amino acid ?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

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(E) E

14. Glycerol is represented by which of the following ?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

15. Vitamins are essential in the diet of an animal because they directly affect reactions that require ?
(A) Hemoglobin
(B) Coenzyme
(C) Nucleic acids
(D) Bile
(E) Antibodies

16. Which of the following is true about the production of starch from monosaccharides ?
(A) Carbon dioxide is produced as a by-product
(B) The formation of peptide bond is required
(C) Water is produced as a by-product
(D) The reactions occur only in animal cells
(E) It can occur only during photosynthesis

Questions 17-20 :

(A) B 12 ( vitamin )
(B) Calcium ( mineral )
(C) Amylase ( enzyme )
(D) Alanine ( amino acid )
(E) Testosterone ( hormone )

17. An organic nutrient that may serve as a coenzyme in a metabolic reaction

18. An organic molecule that reduces the energy of activation of a particular metabolic reaction
19. An inorganic nutrient required for regulatory functions in many cell types
20. A steroid molecule that regulates one or more metabolic reactions

21. The pH of a medium has been adjusted from 4.5 to 5.5. From this information, one can conclude that
the
(A) Medium has been made neutral
(B) Medium has been made more acidic
(C) Medium has been buffered
(D) H+ concentration has been decreased
(E) H+ and OH- concentration have both be increased

22. The glucose produced in tree leaves may be transported to the roots, where it is typically converted to
and stored as
(A) Starch

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(B) Lipids
(C) Proteins
(D) Nucleic acid
(E) Glycogen

23. The molecule in the diagram above is a

(A) Nucleotide
(B) Lipid
(C) Protein
(D) Nucleic acid
(E) Disaccharide

24. An important role of bicarbonate ion in human blood is to

(A) Carry oxygen
(B) Act as buffer
(C) Bind with hemoglobin
(D) Supply cells with carbon
(E) Increase the rate of cellular respiration

25. Monomers are linked together to form polymers in most proteins and carbohydrates by which of the
following ?
(A) Dehydration reaction
(B) Hydrolysis reaction
(C) Ionic bonds
(D) Hydrophobic interactions
(E) Hydrogen bonds

26. How many atoms participate in the following reaction ?

6CO2+ 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

(A) 3
(B) 13
(C) 36
(D) 40
(E) 72

27. Proteins are degraded into mixture of amino acids by ?

(A) Osmosis

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(B) Phosphorylation
(C) Hydrolysis
(D) Oxidation
(E) Synthesis

Questions 28-31 :

(A) Nucleotide
(B) Amino acid
(C) Lipid
(D) Glucose
(E) Protein

28. A monomer that serves as the building block of polypeptides

29. A building block of DNA
30. A polymer
31. Primary cellular energy source for plants and animals

32. A chemical compound formed by combination of 1 adenine molecule, 1 ribose molecule, and 1
phosphate group is
(A) A nucleic acid
(B) A nucleotide
(C) ATP
(D) RNA
(E) DNA

33. The major role of enzymes in cells is to :

(A) Alter the rate of chemical reactions
(B) Alter the normal by-products of chemical reactions
(C) Control the rate of mutation
(D) Alter the conductivity of cells
(E) Serve as the subunits from which proteins are made

34. Which of the following correctly pairs two of the nucleotide bases that form double-stranded DNA ?
(A) Adenine …. Cytosine
(B) Cytosine…. Guanine
(C) Guanine …. Thymine
(D) Thymine …. Uracil
(E) Uracil ….. Cytosine

35. Which of the following is true about production of starch from monosaccharides ?
(A) Carbon dioxide is produced as a by-product
(B) The formation of peptide bonds is required
(C) Water is produced as a by-product
(D) The reactions occur only in animal cells
(E) It can only occur during photosynthesis

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Questions 36-40 :

researcher isolated DNA from three species of bacteria collected near a hot spring. She analyzed the DNA for
its active content of nitrogenous bases and for its stability at high temperatures. The data are recorded in the
table and the graph below

36.. At what temperature is 50 percent of the DNA from species 2 single-stranded?

(A) 60°C ·
(B) 68°C
(C) 70°C
(D) 72°C
(E) 75°C

37. From the data, it can be inferred that high G+C content.
(A) Increase the A+T content of DNA
(B) Does not affect the A+T content of DNA
(C) Changes the genetic code of DNA
(D) Has little effect on the stability of DNA
(E) Makes DNA more stable at high temperatures

38. Species, 1, 2, and 3 were collected at different distances from the hot spring. From the data, it can be
predicted that the positions of these species relative to the hot springs are indicated by which of the
following
(A) Hot spring-species 1-species 2-specis 3.

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(B) Hot spring-species 1-species 3-species 2.

(C) Hot spring-species 2-species 1-species 3.
(D) Hot spring-species 3-species 1-species 2.
(E) Hot spring-species 3-species 2-species 1

39. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the effect of G+C content on the stability of
DNA?
(A) DNA with high G+C content has a high uracil content
(B) Both G and C are purines, while A and T are pyrimidines
(C) G-C base pairs form three H bonds, while A-T base pairs form only two
(D) G-C base pairs use ribose, while A-T base pairs use deoxyribose
(E) Ribosomes bind G-C base pairs more tightly than A-T base pairs

40. Based on the information given, which of the following would be the likely appearance at 72°C of a
DNA molecule that contains a high G+C content for the first third of its length, low G+C content for
the next third of its length, and high G+C content for the last third of its length?

41. Which of the following directly contribute to the function of protein ?

(A) Tertiary structure

(B) Base pairing
(C) Atomic mass
(D) Nucleic acid composition

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(E) Type of peptide bonds

42. Solutions of lactose and lactase are placed together in a test tube. After 30 minutes at 37 ◦C, lactose,
lactase, and equa amounts of glucose and galactase are found in the tube. Which of the following is a
reasonable interpretation of these data ?

(A) Lactose and lactase decompose at 37 ◦C

(B) Lactose consists of glucose and galactose monosaccharide units
(C) Lactose consists only of galactose monosaccharide units that can further decompose into glucose
(D) The concentration of lactase at the end of the experiment is smaller than at the beginning
(E) The concentration of lactose is the same at the beginning and at the end of the experiment

Questions : 43-47 :

DNA polymerase is an enzyme isolated from a species of alga, from human cells , and from a species of
bacterium found in a hot spring. The enzymatic reaction was measured at various temperatures for each
species’ enzyme. The result are shown on the graph below

43. At which of the following temperatures does the human DNA polymerase show the greatest rate of
activity?

(A) 25 ◦C
(B) 28 ◦C
(C) 30 ◦C
(D) 37 C
(E) 46 C

44. Which of the following best explains the observation that the algal DNA polymerase increase in
activity between l 5°C and 30°C?

(A) Enzyme reactions are temperature-dependent.

(B) Chemical reactions can be catalyzed by enzymes .
(C) Chemical reactions can occur in the absence of enzymes.
(D) Enzymes are not used up during the reactions they catalyze .
(E) Enzymes often require cofactors

45. Which of the following could explain the broad temperature range of the algal enzyme reaction ,

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compared to the narrower range of the human enzyme reaction?

(A) Algae carry out photosynthesis, which raises their temperature

(B) There are more species of algae than of humans
(C) Algae and humans belong to different kingdoms
(D) Humans live indoors, where temperature is regulated
(E) Humans regulate their body temperature, while algae do not

46. Which of the following best explains the observation that each enzyme shows a decline in
activity at higher temperatures?

(A) Enzymes work best at room temperature.

(B) An enzyme may denature at high temperature.
(C) Enzyme structure is deterrnined by the anlino aci d sequence.
(D) Enzymes unfold at low tempera tures.
(E) The amino acids disintegrate

47. Which of the following is a reasonable prediction based on the data given for the study ?

(A) The mitochondrial genes of the human and the bacteria are the same
(B) The enzymes carry out different chemical reactions
(C) The different species use different bases in their DNA
(D) The amino acid sequences of the three enzymes are not the same
(E) The enzymes carry out their functions in the cytoplasm of the cell

48. In red blood cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyses the following reaction
CO2 + H2O →. H2CO3
Substrates for this reaction include which of the following?
(A) Hemoglobin
(B) HzCO3 only
(C) CO2 only
(D) H2O only
(E) CO2 and H2O

Questions 49-52 :

A company wanted to develop a method to release silver from the gelatin layer on the back of unused, out-of-
date photographic film. The company tested the effectiveness of extracts . of various fruits in the enzymatic
digestion of gelatin, a protein, at various pHs.. The data obtained are shown in the graph below.

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49. According to the data, at which pH does pineapple extract exhibit 50 percent of its maximum total activity?
(A) 2.5 and 6.5
(B) 4.0and·5.7
(C) 5.0 and 5.7
(D) 4.0 only
(E) 6.0 only

50. According to the data, which of the following fruit extracts digests gelatin over the broadest range of pH?
(A) Pineapple
(B) Grapefruit.
(C) Apple.
(D) Peach.
(E) Banana.

51. According to the data, which of the following fruit extracts requires a neutral medium for its maximum
gelatin-
digesting activity?
(A) Pineapple.
(B) Grapefruit.
(C) Apple.
(D) Peach.
(E) Banana.

52. Glucose + fructose → ………..

(A) maltose
(B) lactose
(C) sucrose
(D) galactose
(E) dextrose

Questions 53-56 :

(A) AUG ( met)

(B) UAA(STOP)
(C) UGG(TRP)
(D) GGG(ala)
(E) UUU(phe)

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53. The corresponding DNA nucleotide sequence is ATT

54. This is the codon that causes no additional amino acid to be added to a growing polypeptide
55. This is the start codon for the beginning of a polypeptide chain
56. The corresponding tRNA anticodon is AAA

57. Catalase is a very stable enzyme that accelerates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to form water
and oxygen gas. If a test tube with catalase and 1% hydrogen peroxide is allowed to stand until no
more gas is given off, which of the following should be added to make the reaction begin again?
(A) Catalase.
(B) Hydrochloric acid.
(C) Hydrogen peroxide.
(D) Water.
(E) Oxygen

58. Which of the following is a true statement about simple sugars and complex carbohydrates?
I. Both are composed of the same chemical elements.
II. Both are present in equal proportions in most foods.
III. Simple sugars can be assembled into complex carbohydrates.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

59. Vitamins are essential for normal cell function. They are important because they
(A) function as an energy source
(B) are hormones
(C) directly assist in the normal conduction of impulses
(D) resist pH changes
(E) enable enzymes to function normally

60. Which of the following is the best description of a protein molecule ?

(A) small molecule small building blocks called amino acids linked together in one or more chains
(B) Small building blocks called amino acids linked together in a ring
(C) Small building blocks called nucleotides linked to gether in a helical structure
(D) Small building blocks called monosaccharides linked together in a chain
(E) A glycerol molecule linked to three hydrocarbon chains

61. If a carbon atom has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, then that carbon atom is a (an)

(A) Cation
(B) Anion
(C) Isotope
(D) Metal
(E) Electrically charged element

62.

The conversion of lactose to glucose and galactose involves the addition of which of the following molecules
to the lactose molecule?

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(A) O2
(B) H2
(C) ATP
(D) H2O
(E) NADH

63. All of the following organic compounds are polymers EXCEPT

(A) starch
(B) cellulose
(C) polypeptide
(D) glycine
(E) glycogen

64. All of the following organic compounds contain a hydroxyl functional group EXCEPT
(A) maltose
(B) glucose
(C) fructose
(D) glycerol
(E) triglyceride

65. The synthesis of protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a
byproduct?
(A) ATP
(B) Oxygen
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) Urea
(E) Water

Questions 66-68 refer to the following drawings

66. Which molecule is the primary energy source for animals?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C

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(D).D
(E) E

67. Which molecule is an amino acid?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

68.Glycerol is represented by which of the following?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

69.Phosphorous is a component of which of the following?

(A)Glycogen
(B)RNA
(C)Cellulose
(D)Collagen
(E)Haemoglobin

Questions 70-74 :

(A) Hydrolysis
(B) Dehydration synthesis
(C) Ionization
(D) Phosphorylation
(E) Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

70.H2CO3→H+ + CO3-
71.Glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
72.Fat + water → fatty acids + glycerol
73.Glucose + fructose → sucrose + water
74.Polypeptide + water → amino acids

Answer Key ( Biochemistry ) : 4. C

5. B
1. A 6. D
2. D 7. D
3. D 8. E

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9. C 54. B
10. C 55. A
56. E
11. A 57. C
12. A 58. E
13. D 59. E
14. B 60. A
15. B 61. C
16. C 62. D
17. A 63. D
18. C 64. E
19. B 65. E
20. E 66. A
67. D
21. D 68. B
22. A
23. B
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. C
28. B
29. A
30. E

31. D
32. B
33. A
34. B
35. C
36. D
37. E
38. E
39. C
40. A

41. A
42. B
43. D
44. A
45. E
46. B
47. D
48. E
49. B
50. E

51. D
52. C
53. B

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Enzymes

1.The graph above shows the rate of reaction of two enzymes (X and Y) at varying pH levels.
Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of this graph?

(A) Enzyme X has an optimal pH of 6

(B) Enzyme X is active over a broader pH range than enzyme Y.
(C) The optimal pH for enzyme Y is 4
(D) Both enzymes X andY are active between pH 5 and pH 6.
(E) Enzyme Y works better than enzyme X at higher temperatures

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2.The graph above shows the rate of reaction for a particular enzyme at different temperatures. Which of the
following can best be concluded from the graph about the enzyme?
(A) It works well at any pH
(B) It requires a cofactor
(C) It denatures at temperatures over 40°C
(D) It catalyzes starch digestion
(E) Its optimal temperature is 20°C

3.Correct statement about the formation of maltose from glucose include which of the following
I. The process takes place with the aid of catalyst
II. An enzyme is consumed during the process
III. An activation energy barrier must be overcome in order for the process to take place

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III only
(E) II and III only

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1. Cyano-bacteria lack which of the following ?

(A) Ribosome
(B) Chlorophyll
(C) A cell membrane
(D) Mitochondria
(E) The ability to divide

2. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both characterized by all of the following EXCEPT :

(A) A cell membrane

(B) Cytoplasm
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Protein synthesis
(E) Cell division

Questions 3-5 refer to the following :

(A) Centrioles
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Nuclei
(D) Plastids
(E) Ribosomes

3. Organelles found in plants but not in animals

4. Organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
5. Organelles found in animals but not in plants

6. Which of the following cellular organelles is LEAST likely to be visible with a light microscope ?

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(A) Chloroplast
(B) Mitochondrion
(C) Nucleus
(D) Ribosome
(E) Vacuole

7. In addition to the single circular chromosome, bacteria may have one or more smaller circular
DNA molecules called

(A) Prions
(B) Plasmids
(C) Enzymes
(D) Ribozymes
(E) Provirus

8.

(A) Swell
(B) Shrink slightly
(C) Collapse entirely
(D) Become impermeable to glucose
(E) Remain the same

9. In the figure above, a bag made of membrane that is permeable to water but not to sucrose, is
suspended in a beaker. The bag contains a 10 percent sucrose solution, and the beaker contains a
5 percent sucrose solution. Which of the following describes what will happen after the bag
remains in the solution for several hours?

(A) There will be a net movement of water only into the bag
(B) There will be a net movement of water only out of the bag

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(C) Sucrose and water will both show a net movement into the bag
(D) Sucrose will move into the bag, and there will be a net movement of water out of the bag
(E) Sucrose will move out of the bag, and there will be a net movement of water into the bag

10. Which of the following properties of water is responsible for its transport in the trunk of a large
tree ?

(A) Cohesion
(B) Neutral pH
(C) High specific heat
(D) Low Molecular weight
(E) Low density as a solid
11.

Questions 12-15 :

Three blood samples were prepared according to the following procedure

12. Slides are made of each sample and the cells are viewed microscopically. The concentration of
solutes in the solution used in preparing sample X is the same as that of red blood cells.

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The blood cells in sample Z would

(A) Look the same as those in solution Y

(B) Undergo lysis
(C) Shrink
(D) Exhibit turgor pressure
(E) Show wilting

13. Which of the following is true regarding the blood cells in sample Y ?

(A) The cells would look like those in sample X when viewed microscopically
(B) The cells would lose water to the surrounding solution
(C) The concentration of the Na+ and Cl- Ions in the cell would decrease
(D) The amount of Na+ entering the cells will equal the amount of Cl- leaving the cells
(E) The cells would swell

14. The cells in sample X are unaffected because

(A) Sample X is unstable at temperature below 37 ◦C

(B) Sample X has a higher solute concentration than human plasma
(C) Sample X has the same solute concentration as human plasma
(D) Sample X has the same concentration as seawater from which animals evolved
(E) Red blood cells are selectively impermeable to water

15. The results of experiment illustrate which of the following processes?

(A) Dehydration
(B) Active transport
(C) Cellular homogeneity
(D) Osmosis
(E) Hydrolysis

Questions 16-18 :

(A) Centrioles
(B) Nuclei
(C) Mitochondria
(D) Plastids
(E) Ribosomes

16. Organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells

17. Organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
18. Organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells

19. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from which of the following ?
(A) The air plant takes in
(B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Water
(D) Carbohydrates

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(E) Nitrates

20. The nitrogeus base guanine makes up 30% of the bases of DNA of a certain organism. What
percentage of this organism’s bases is composed of adenine?

(A) 20%
(B) 30%
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
(E) 60%

21. Prokaryotes are thought to be similar to the first forms of cellular life on Earth because, like the
first forms, prokaryotes
(A) Lack DNA
(B) Are parasitic
(C) Lack a nucler envelope
(D) Posses mitochondria
(E) Are capable of aerobic respiration

22. Which of the following does NOT occur in mitochondria ?

(A) Glycolysis
(B) Krebs cycle
(C) ETC
(D) Oxidative phosphorylation
(E) Formation of a proton gradient

23. Chloroplasts are the organelles in which.

(A) There is a net gain of water
(B) Cell division is controlled
(C) Large molecules are packed for export
(D) Light energy is converted to chemical energy
(E) Degredation of organelles occurs

Questions 24-26 :

A reasearcher purifies an enzyme from turnips and records the amount of protein in the sample
after each step in the purification procedure and measures the enzyme activity. The data obtained
are shown in the table below :

24. How much protein is lost between steps I and II?

(A) 0.15g
(B) 3.0g

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(C) 5.0g
(D) 15g
(E) 20g

25. Each step of the purification results in which of the following?

(A) An increase in the total enzyme only
(B) An increase in the enzyme activity only
(C) An increase in the amount of protein only
(D) An increase in the amount of protein and a decrease in the enzyme activity
(E) An increase in the volume and a decrease in the amount of protein

26. In performing this kind of purification procedure, it is important to

(A) Keep the samples cool to prevent protein denaturation
(B) Vary the pH of the samples at each step
(C) Vary the temperature of the samples at each step
(D) Boil the samples to keep the proteins dissolved
(E) Add a mixture of proteases to remove contaminating proteins

27. Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes ?

(A) They are complex macromolecules
(B) They lower the activation energy required for metabolic reactions to occur
(C) They require the addition of heat energyfor porper function
(D) They can only be used once
(E) They function only in a living cell

28. In which step of aerobic respiration is the most of carbon dioxide formed ?
(A) Glycolysis
(B) The Calvin cycle
(C) The Krebs Cycle
(D) Electron transport
(E) ATP synthesis

29. Bacterial, fungal, algal, and plants cells have fixed shapes because they have
(A) A plasma membrane
(B) A cell wall
(C) A large central vacuole
(D) Mitochondria
(E) Chloroplasts

30.

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Questions 31-33 :

31.

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32.

33.

34. Which of the following is produced during cellular respiration and supplies energy for cellular
work?
(A) H2O
(B) ATP
(C) DNA
(D) CO2
(E) C6H12O6

35. All of the following are associated with krebs cycle EXCEPT:
(A) Carbon dioxide is produced from the chemical rearrangements of citric acid
(B) Energy is released and used to form ATP molecules
(C) Light energy in the green yellow wavelengths is absorbed and utilized
(D) Specific enzymes for each reaction are found within mitochondria
(E) Hydrogen ions and electrons are transferred to the carrier NAD +

36. The break down of glucose to pyruvic acid is called

(A) Hydrolysis
(B) Biosynthesis

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(C) Glycolysis
(D) Electron transport
(E) Oxidative phosphorylation

37. Chloroplasts trap light energy by

(A) Using the molecule chlorophyll to absorb photons of light
(B) Using the molecule glucose to absorb photons of light
(C) Using glucose that they have made to create ATP
(D) Using light energy to convert ATP into ADP +P
(E) Converting CO2 into glucose

Questions 38-40 :

(A) Mitochondria
(B) Cytoplasm
(C) Pyruvate
(D) Lactic acid
(E) Glucose

38. Location of cellular respiration in prokaryotes

39. Chief product of anaerobic metabolism in muscle cells
40. Location of glycolysis in eukaryotes

41. Which of the following substances are produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis?
(A) ATP and NADPH
(B) ATP and glucose
(C) NaOH and glucose
(D) ATP and NADH
(E) NADPH and glucose

42. The function of golgi apparatus is to

(A) Package and store proteins for secretion
(B) Synthesize proteins
(C) Function in cellular respiration
(D) Help the cell expel waste
(E) Digest foreign substances

43. All of the following is true about RNA EXCEPT

(A) It is single stranded
(B) Its bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil
(C) It has a sugar-phosphate backbone
(D) Its sugar is ribose
(E) It is found in both in nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell

44. The location on an enzyme where substrate binds is called the

(A) Binding site
(B) Reaction center

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(C) Allosteric site

(D) Lock-and-key model
(E) Active site
45.

46. Which of the following describes a major process of the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis?
(A) CO2 →glucose.
(B) Glucose → starch
(C) ATP → ADP
(D) H2O→O2
(E) Chlorophyll → carbohydrates

47. Two beakers of water are placed on a windowsill where they are exposed to sunlight. One beaker
contains several sprigs of an aquatic plant, and the second beaker contains only water. The oxygen levels
of the water in both beakers are periodically measured. In the beaker containing the plant, the oxygen
level increases during the daylight hours and decreases steadily after sunset. The oxygen level in the
second beaker remains stable. Which of the following statements best explains the changing oxygen
levels in the beaker with the plant?

(A) An increase in carbon dioxide causes a decrease in oxygen.

(B) In the absence of light, oxygen becomes less soluble.
(C) During the day, plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use in
respiration
(D) Plants carry on respiration only at night.
(E) Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen

48. An animal cell placed into a 0.9% solute solution would do which of the following?
(A) Remain unchanged
(B) Swell and burst
(C) Shrivel
(D) Swell and divide
(E) Release solute by exocytosis

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49. What structure is common to ALL cell types?

(A) Chloroplast
(B) Plasma membrane
(C) Cell wall
(D) Mitochondria
(E) Flagella

Questions 50-52 :refer to the following experiment and results obtained. Dialysis bags are semi-
permeable membranes, allowing the transport of small molecules while prohibiting larger ones. In an
experiment, students filled dialysis bags with different concentrations of sucrose solution and placed them
in a beaker of distilled water. The bags were each weighed before being placed in the beaker. After two
minutes, they were removed from the beaker, dried, and weighed again

50.Which dialysis bag experiences the largest percent change in mass?

(A) 0.2 m sucrose
(B) 0.4 m sucrose
(C) 0.6 m sucrose
(D) 0.8 m sucrose
(E) M sucrose

51. If the 0.6 m sucrose solution bag was left in the beaker for four minutes, all of the following occur
EXCEPT
(A) Mass of dialysis bag increases to more than 30.1 g
(B) Water travels down its concentration gradient
(C) Decrease in the bag's molarity of sucrose
(D) Sucrose leaks into the beaker
(E) Volume of water in the beaker decreases

52. Glucose molecule is small enough to pass through the bag. If glucose was substituted for sucrose in
the dialysis experiment above, by what process does it cross the membrane?
(A) Osmosis
(B) Active transport
(C) Simple diffusion
(D) Facilitated diffusion
(E) Transpiration

53. Which of the following can be used to distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
(A) Prescence of cell membrane
(B) Prescence of a flagellum
(C) Prescence of ribosomes
(D) Prescenece of cytoskeleton
(E) Prescene of chloroplasts

54. Consider a situation in which there is a higher concentration of sodium in the extracellular fluid than
in the cytoplasm of a certain cell. What method would the cell most likely use to move sodium from the
cytoplasm to the extracellular fluid?
(A) Simple diffusion
(B) Passive diffusion
(C) Active transport

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(D) Endocytosis
(E) Exocytosis

55. Which of the following processes does NOT produce ATP?

I. Light-dependent reactions
II. Krebs cycle
III. Calvin cycle
IV. Anaerobic cellular respiration

(A) I and III only

(B) II and III only
(C) III only
(D) IV only
(E) I and II only

56. The products of the light reactions, or photophosphorylation, in photosynthesis are

(A) oxygen and water
(B) oxygen and ATP
(C) oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
(D) water, ATP, and NADPH.
(E) water, ATP, and NADP+ + H+

57. A culture of animal cell and a culture of plant cells are pulverized and tested for the presence of
several different molecules. Which of the following molecules should be siginificantly more
prevalent in the plant cell sample?

(A) Glucose
(B) Deoxyribonucleic acid
(C) Adenosine triphosphate
(D) Cholesterol
(E) Cellulose

58. You are told that an unidentified cell contains a single, circular DNA molecule but no defined
nucleus. Which of the following is it also possible for the cell to possess?

I. Chloroplasts
II. Cell wall
III. Ribosomes
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I , II and III

59. How is the Calvin cycle similar to the Krebs cycle?

(A) The starting compound is regenerated at the end of the cycle
(B) Multiple molecules of ATP are produced
(C) Both occur in mitochondrial inner membrane

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(D) Both produce oxygen gas

(E) Each is present in all prokaryotes

60. Which mechanism takes place in both light reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
(A) C3 cycle
(B) Beta oxidation
(C) Glycolysis
(D) Krebs cycle
(E) ETC

61. Which of the following is the correct matching of molecules and products in the Calvin cycle?
(A) ATP +NADPH + carbon dioxide → sugar
(B) Light + water + carbon dioxide → sugar + oxygen
(C) ATP + NADPH + carbon dioxide → sugar + oxygen
(D) Light + water + carbon dioxide → sugar
(E) Carbon dioxide + light → oxygen and water

Questions 62-65 :

62. Building block of DNA or RNA

63. Building block of proteins
64. Lipid
65. Carbohydrate

Questions 66-69 :

(A) Nucleic acids

(B) Steroids
(C) Phospholipids
(D) Polypeptides
(E) Polysaccharides

66. Take the form of starch or cellulose in plants

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67. Form the fundamental structure of the cell membrane

68. The primary structure in hydrophobic hormones
69. Store energy in animals as glycogen

70. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) Prokaryotic cells are evolutionarily more advanced than eukaryotic cells
(B) Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus
(C) Plant cells are eukaryotic
(D) Prokaryotic cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan
(E) Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria

71. In a eukaryotic cell, where can DNA be found?

(A) Ribosomes and nucleus
(B) Nucleus only
(C) Nucleus and mitochondria
(D) Golgi complex only
(E) Cytoplasm

72. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

(A) Cytoplasm of the cell
(B) Chloroplasts
(C) Matrix of the mitochondria
(D) Inner membrane of the mitochondria
(E) Thylakoid of the mitochondria

73.
Here is a sketch. All of the following processes produce this molecule EXCEPT the

(A) Calvin cycle

(B) Krebs cycle
(C) Electron transport chain
(D) Light-dependent reactions
(E) Glycolysis

Questions 74-76 :
refer to the following graph and information.

An experiment was conducted to observe the light-absorbing properties of chlorophylls and carotenoids
using a spectrophotometer. The pigments were first extracted and dissolved in a solution. They were then
illuminated with pure light of different wavelengths to detect which wavelengths were absorbed by the
solution. The results are presented in the absorption spectrum below

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74. At approximately what wavelength does chlorophyll a maximally absorb light?

(A) 425 nm
(B) 450nm
(C) 575 nm
(D) 640nm
(E) 680 nm

75.
Which of the following color ranges were strongly absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments?
(A) Yellow-green and orange-red
(B) Violet- blue and orange-red
(C) Blue-green and yellow-orange
(D) Blue-green and orange-red
(E) Orange-red and yellow-green

76.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the experiment?

(A) Light reflected by the pigments is involved in photosynthesis.
(B) All wavelengths of light that reach the leaf can be utilized for photosynthesis.
(C) Photosynthetic pigments selectively absorb various wavelengths of light.
(D) All wavelengths of visible light are absorbed and used by the plant.
(E) The light reflected from leaves consists mainly of violet-blue light

Questions 77-80 : refer to different biologically important organic molecules

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(A) Nucleic acid

(B) Protein
(C) Cellulose
(D) Triglyceride
(E) Glycogen

77. Lipid that consists of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol
78. The stored form of sugar in humans
79. A macromolecule that consists of a polymer of amino acids
80. A substance that cannot be broken down by cows

81. The nutrients that supply an animal with its main source of energy are
(A) proteins
(B) carbohydrates
(C) lipids
(D) nucleic acids
(E) peptides

Questions 82-85 :
refer to the diagram below, which represents a single cell of an organism

82. The movement of ions into and out of the cell is controlled by structure
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 5

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(E) 6

83. Which of the following structures would be absent if this were an animal cell?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 6
(E) 7

84. RNA associated with structure 5 supports the idea that

(A) genetic information is coded in a double helix
(B) photosynthesis occurs in the cell
(C) the cell moves about freely
(D) the cell can synthesize certain proteins
(E) respiration occurs in the cell

85. Structure 1 is found in both plant and animal cells because both
(A) pump out excess water
(B) require energy
(C) divide by using centrioles
(D) move by using cilia
(E) convert light energy to chemical energy

86. Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and
packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?

(A) Secretory vesicles → rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi body → cell membrane
(B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi body → secretory vesicles → cell membrane
(C) Golgi body → secretory vesicles → rough endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
(D) Secretory vesicles → Golgi body → rough endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
(E) Golgi body → rough endoplasmic reticulum → secretory vesicles → cell membrane

87. If you stimulate a skeletal muscle electrically and want to determine when it begins to carry out
anaerobic respiration, you could measure the buildup of ______ in the muscle.
(A) carbon dioxide
(B) oxygen
(C) ADP
(D) lactic acid
(E) ATP

Questions 88-92 :

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(C) The gas would have formed faster.

88. The gas in the balloon is most likely (D) A different gas would have formed.
(A) oxygen (E) A mixture of gases would have formed.
(B) methane
(C) helium 91.Which of the following directly resulted in the
(D) carbon monoxide production of the gas?
(E) carbon dioxide (A) Carbohydrate synthesis
(B) Protein digestion
89.Which of the following is found in the molasses (C) Photosynthesis
and is most likely used by the yeast for energy? (D) Chemiosmosis
(A) Sucrose (E) Fermentation
(B) Cellulose
(C) Amino acids 92. Which of the following would be the most
(D) Nucleotides likely result if the yeast had been boiled before
(E) Starch being added to the flask?
(A) No gas would have formed.
90. If the flask had been cooled to 50°F (l2°C), (B) The gas would have formed more slowly.
which of the following predictions is most (C) The gas would have formed faster.
reasonable? (D) A different gas would have formed.
(A) No gas would have formed. (E) A mixture of gases would have formed
(B) The gas would have formed more slowly.

93. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis require all of the following EXCEPT
(A) glucose.
(B) ATP.
(C) NADPH.
(D) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate).
(E) carbon dioxide.

94. True statements regarding nucleic acids include which of the following?
I. They are built from nucleotides.

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II. They are the basic chemical units of proteins.

III. They serve as the genetic link between generations of organisms.

(A) I only.
(B) II only.
(C) III only.
(D) I and III only.
(E) II and III only.

95.Since photosynthesis requires an input of light energy, it can best be classified as which of the following
(A) Homeothermic.
(B) Endergonic.
(C) Exergonic.
(D) Heterotrophic.
(E) Thigmotropic

96. Two beakers of water are placed on a windowsill where they are exposed to sunlight. One beaker contains
several sprigs of an aquatic plant, and the second beaker contains only water. The oxygen levels of the water in
both beakers are periodically measured. In the beaker containing the plant, the oxygen level increases during
the daylight hours and decreases steadily after sunset. The oxygen level in the second beaker remains stable.
Which of the following statements best explains the changing oxygen levels in the beaker with the plant?

(A) An increase in carbon dioxide causes a decrease in oxygen.

(B) In the absence of light, oxygen becomes less soluble.
(C) During the day, plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use in respiration.
(D) Plants carry on respiration only at night.
(E) Plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.

97. Which of the following is a correct statement about both anaerobic cellular respiration and
aerobic cellular respiration?

(A) Both processes utilize amino acids as a primary fuel source.

(B) In anaerobic cellular respiration, glycolysis takes place outside mitochondria; in aerobic cellular
respiration, glycolysis takes place inside mitochondria
(C) Both processes produce ATP
(D) Anaerobic cellular respiration occurs only in prokaryotes; aerobic cellular respiration occurs only in
eukaryotes
(E) Photons are required to initiate both processes.

98. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in that prokaryotes

(A) have only a nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm
(B) have ribosomes and mitochondria
(C) have a true nucleus and may have a cell wall
(D) lack a true nucleus but may have a cell wall
(E) lack DNA but can synthesize proteins

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44. E
Answer key ( Cells ) : 45. A
1. D 46. D
2. C 47. C
3. D 48. A
4. E 49. B
5. A 50. E
6. D 51. D
7. B 52. D
8. A 53. D
9. A 54. C
10. A 55. C
11. B 56. C
12. B 57. E
13. B 58. D
14. C 59. A
15. D 60. E
16. D 61. A
17. E 62. B
18. A 63. C
19. C 64. A
20. A 65. D
21. C 66. E
22. A 67. C
23. D 68. B
24. D 69. E
25. B 70. A
26. A 71. C
27. B 72. C
28. C 73. A
29. B 74. A
30. B 75. B
31. E 76. C
32. C 77. D
33. B 78. E
34. B 79. B
35. C 80. C
36. C 81. B
37. A 82. C
38. B 83. A
39. D 84. D
40. B 85. B
41. A 86. B
42. A 87. D
43. B 88. E

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89. A
90. B
91. E
92. A
93. A
94. D
95. B
96. C
97. C
98. D

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