TASK 1

Mass transfer is the terminology widely used to describe the overall movements of mixture
component which exist in different assembly (concentration) from one position to another. In
most applications the transfer of molecular species occurs along the gradient line which can
either be a porous or selective non porous interface material along two phases. The transfer
of molecular species can be achieved using two fundamental (basic) mechanisms,
namely:(1)the slow spontaneous and random counter current movements of microscopic
molecules in all phases of matter known as molecular diffusion that can be due to thermal
motion. (2) And the rapid random counter current movements of macroscopic fluids
molecules called eddy diffusion also known as turbulent diffusion.

After achieving a certain net flow of molecules in particular direction a bulk flow also
known as convection effect occurs, this can be due to either a decrease / increase in the
overall mass transfer flow rate of individual species. That is why convectional effects can be
regarded as another mechanism of mass transfer. Mass transfer can primarily be driven by the
difference in the potential gradients, that can be due to different in concentration during
ordinary diffusion, diffusion can also be accelerated by pressure gradient during pressure
diffusion, it can also be driven by temperature during thermal diffusion and the last it can be
driven by inducing external force to speed up the rate of diffusion also known as forced
diffusion. The two limiting cases of mass transfer can be due to:

(1) Phase equilibrium which occurs between two phases which are in contacts when their
mass transfer equilibrates.
(2) The second limiting case can be caused by an existing barrier that was installed in design
for example the membrane barrier.
(Seader)
TASK2

2.1) a) Liquid to gas mass transfer can be seen in evaporation of liquid water to form water
vapour.
b) Solid to liquid mass transfer can be seen in melting of iron in the blast furnace.
c) Solid to gas mass transfer can be seen in the sublimatation of dry ice.
d) Gas to liquid mass transfer can be seen in the condensation of water vapour to form
liquid ice. (Eastop)

2.2) a) As the temperature increases the mass diffusivity will also increase by the factor of the
temperature increased raised to the power of one and a half. b) And as the pressure increases
the mass diffusivity will decrease due to direct proportionality.

2.3) Yes
If we assume that water vapour and air are constantly diffusing in a counter current flow.

2.4) Permeability is the property that links the diffusion coefficient of the gas in a solid and
its solubility (Holman)
TASK 3

Given data: Gas A (nitric oxide)

Gas B (Carbon dioxide)
D= (40 + X) = (40+9) =49mm
L = (5+ 0.Y) = (5+0.1) =5.1m
T = (15+3)° C = 291.15K
P=1 atm
𝑔
MA= 14.01+16=30.01𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
MB=12.01+ (16×2) =44.01𝑚𝑜𝑙

The following assumptions are applicable in calculations regarding this task:

 The system is in a steady state condition
 Nitric oxide and carbon dioxide behaves like ideal gas
 Inside the tube there are no chemical reactions
 Carbon dioxide and nitric oxide inside the tube are neglected
 Therefore the mole fraction of nitric oxide inside the pipe at 1 atm can be regarded as
one mole
1 1
1.00×10−7 𝑇 −7 ( + )1/2
𝑀𝐴 𝑀𝐵
3.1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 1 1 (Geankoplis)
𝑃[(∑ 𝑉𝐴 )3 +(∑ 𝑉𝐵 )3 ]2

𝜋𝑑 2
4
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝑃
𝑁𝐴= (Holman)
𝑅𝑇𝐿

𝑚𝐴=𝑁𝐴×𝑀
𝐴

Sample of calculations from microsoft

excel for 3.1

Data
Units Value
P Pa 101325 1
D M 0.049
L M 5,1
T K 291,15
Ma g/mol 30,01
Mb g/mol 44,02
νa 10,65
νb 26,7
R m3Pa/mol.K 8,314 82,06
4,186E-
C mol/cm3 05

Incr.
Z 1,02
Incr.
X 0,16
3.1
Units Value
9,35E-
Dab m2/s 05
1,89E-
A m2 03
1,45E-
Na mol/s 12
4,35E-
Ma g/s 05

3.2) 𝑁𝑏=−𝑁
𝐴

𝑚𝑏=𝑁𝑏×𝑀𝑏

Nb mol/s -1,45E-12
mb g/s -6,37E-11

𝐽 𝑁
3.3) 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐵 = 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐴𝐶 𝐴
𝐴 𝑋𝐴

𝑃
𝐶=
𝑅𝑇
𝑉𝑀 = 𝑥𝐴 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑥𝐵 𝑉𝐵
 va, vb,
Z, cm Xa Xb cm/s cm/s Vm
0 0,9 0,1 0,00 0,00 0,00
1,02 0,74 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00
2,04 0,58 0,42 0,00 0,00 0,00
3,06 0,42 0,58 0,00 0,00 0,00
4,08 0,26 0,74 0,00 0,00 0,00
5,1 0,1 0,9 0,00 0,00 0,00

3.4 Sample of calculation from Microsoft word

𝑁𝐴 ∆𝑍 1.48 × 10−12
=
𝐶 ∆𝐴𝐵 (4.147 × 10−5 )(4.186 × 10−5 )

=0.000845∆𝑍

𝑋𝐴= 1 − (1 − 0.9)0.000845∆𝑍
𝑋𝐴= 0.9𝑍
𝑋𝐴= 0.9
Increment X=0.9+0.1/6
=0.16

Z, cm Xa Xb
0 0,50 0,50
1,02 0,50 0,50
2,04 0,50 0,50
3,06 0,50 0,50
4,08 0,50 0,50
5,1 0,50 0,50

0.50

0.50

0.50

Xa
Xa; Xb

0.50
Xb

0.50

0.50

0.50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Z, cm
Bibliography
Eastop, T.D.
Applied
Thermody
namics.
1963.

Geankoplis, C.J.
Transport
Processes
and unit
operation
s. 2009.

Holman, J.P. Heat

transfer.
2009.

Seader, J.D.
Separatio
n process
principles.
2011.