𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕

𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
𝑷
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 20°𝐶 = 9.79 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒊𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑮𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 =
𝑹𝑻
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 4°𝐶 = 9.81 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑇 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
𝑚 𝑇 = 𝐶° + 273 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛
𝜌= 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠/𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉 𝑇 = 𝐹° + 473 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒
3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 20°𝐶 = 988 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑅 = 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 4°𝐶 = 1000 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝟏
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝒖𝒃𝒆

∆𝑷 2𝜎 cos 𝜃
𝑩𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝑲 = ℎ=
∆𝑽 𝜌𝑔𝑟
𝑽𝟏
ℎ = 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝟏
𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝜷 = 𝜎 = 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑁/𝑚
𝑲
𝜃 = 𝑤𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒, 𝜃 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃
𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅, 𝒗 = 𝑲/𝝆 = 130 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦

𝜌 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟, 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠