Engineering Specification Draft

Engineering Specifications Document
Document Title: 1.3 GHz Cryomodule Technical Description

Document Number: LCLSII-4.5-ES-0356-R0 Page 1 of 16
+Document Approval: Date Approved

Originator: Tom Peterson, Fermilab DRAFT
Approver Name, Title DRAFT
Revision History
Revision Date Released Description of Change
R0 Month Day, Year Original Release.
Table of Contents
1 Scope............................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 4
4 References .................................................................................................................................... 5
5 Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................ 6
6 Functional requirements summary ............................................................................................. 6
7 Cryomodule mechanical design .................................................................................................. 7
8 Cryomodule vacuum design ...................................................................................................... 10
9 Cryomodule thermal design and helium flow design............................................................... 10
10 Cryomodule helium inventory ................................................................................................... 16
11 What else?................................................................................................................................... 16
The only official copy of this file is located in the LCLS-II Controlled Document Site.
Before using a printed/electronic copy, verify that it is the most current version.
1 Scope
This document describes the technical requirements and design for the 1.3 GHz cryomodules for
LCLS-II.
2 Introduction
The LCLS-II main linac cryomodule is based on the existing XFEL design, including TESLA-style
superconducting accelerating cavities with modifications to accommodate CW operation and LCLS-II
beam parameters. Cryomodules contain superconducting cavities together with cryogenic distribution
lines and thermal shielding, and are assembled in a small number of strings without breaks between
individual cryomodules. At the downstream end of each 1.3 GHz cryomodule are focusing and steering
magnets and a beam position monitor. Beam line higher-order-mode (HOM) absorbers are located in
the cold sections between cryomodules. The cavity tuners, HOM couplers, and fundamental power
couplers are also developed from existing designs. Cryogenic transfer lines are required only where
bypasses for warm sections of the linac must be provided.
The 1.3 GHz cryomodules contain eight RF cavities each. Active control of the cavity resonant
frequency is provided by an end-lever tuner with motor and piezo-driven components. Each RF cavity is
independently powered through a fundamental power coupler with variable Qext connected via air-filled
waveguide to a solid state amplifier at 1.3 GHz.
Cryogenic circuits provide 2 K liquid helium to the cavities with a valve for liquid supply in each
cryomodule. The cryostat includes a second valve and piping for cool-down of cavities in an individual
cryomodule, a nominally 5 K thermal intercept circuit, and a nominally 45 K thermal radiation shield and
thermal intercept circuit. Cryogenic heat load is dominated by dynamic RF heating of approximately 10
W per cavity. Figure 1 illustrates the cryomodule cross-section and cryogenic circuit labels. Figure 2
shows the cryomodule flow scheme. Figure 3 illustrates the cryomodule mechanical assembly.
Figure 1. LCLS-II cryomodule assembly cross-section
Figure 2. LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule schematic
Figure 3. LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule assembly
3 Definitions
Table 1. Definitions
Term Definition
SLAC SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
FNAL Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
LCLS-II Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade
SRF Superconducting Radio Frequency
CW Continuous Wave operating mode

TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator – the
predecessor to the ILC concept, developed collaboratively by
DESY, Saclay, INFN, Fermilab, JLab, Cornell, and other labs
and universities under the leadership of DESY. The LCLS-II
TESLA
cryomodule configuration (RF cavities in close-fitting helium
vessels suspended from a large helium return pipe, cryogenic
piping all within the cryostat) comes from the TESLA
collaboration. Hence it is referred to here as TESLA-style.
X-ray Free Electron Laser, an SRF linac under construction at
XFEL
DESY which includes TESLA-style cryomodules
Nominally 2 Kelvin temperature level, which may be 1.8 K to 2.1
2K
K
Nominally 5 Kelvin temperature level, which may be 5.0 K to 8.0
5K
K
Nominally 45 Kelvin temperature level, which may be 30 K to 80
K. (We expect around 35 K to 55 K in the linac, but this
45 K
cryogenic circuit and thermal shield will be ~80 K in test facilities
with LN2.)
MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, a term that is used to
define the safe pressure rating of a component or test system
Those portions of the cryomodule within the vacuum vessel
Cold mass which are cooler than room-temperature – RF cavities, piping,
thermal shield, etc.
Helium Gas Return Pipe, the 300 mm diameter helium pipe
HGRP
which also serves as the structural backbone of the cold mass
Multi-Layer Insulation, or “superinsulation”, aluminized mylar
wrapped in layers alternately with a conductively insulating
MLI
material in the insulating vacuum space to block thermal
radiation
4 References
Table 2. References
Associated Document(s)
# Document Title
Reference Number
SLAC documents
Cryomodule Physics Requirements Document, 1.3
1 LCLSII-4.1-PR-0146-R0
GHz Cryomodule
Beam Position Monitor Physics Requirements
2 LCLSII-2.4-PR-0136
Document
Cryomodule Functional Requirements Specification,
3 LCLSII-2.5-FR-0053-R0
1.3 GHz Cryomodule
"Engineering Specifications Document,
4 LCLSII-4.5-ES-0055-R0
Fundamental Power Coupler"
5 LCLSII-4.5-EN-0179-R0 Engineering Note, “Cryomodule Heat Load”
Engineering Note, “Cryogenic System –
6 LCLS-II-4.5-EN-0186-R0
Cryomodule Design Methodology”
7 LCLSII-4.5-EN-0221 Tuner electro-mechanical design
A Study of Magnetic Shielding Performance of a
8 LCLS-II-4.5-EN-0310-R0 Fermilab International Linear Collider
Superconducting RF Cavity Cryomodule
Vacuum System Safety Plan
9 LCLSII-EN-0286-R0
“Interface Control Document, Accelerator Systems
10 LCLSII-2.5-IC-0056-R1
to Cryogenic Systems”
“Interface Control Document, Fundamental Power
11 LCLSII-4.5-IC-0237-R0
Coupler”
Seismic Design Specification for Buildings,
12 SLAC-I-720-0A24E-001
Structures, Equipment and Systems: 2014
Fermilab documents
13 F10009945 Assembly, 1.3GHz Cryomodule LCLS-II (drawing)
14 F10022915 LCLS-II Prototype Cryomodule P&ID (drawing)
15 ED0001152 Master Spreadsheet 1.3GHz CM-LCLS-II
Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II
16 ED0002342
Cryomodule Vacuum Vessel
"Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II
17 ED-0002307
Cryomodule Interfaces"
18 ED0001196
Prototype Cavity Magnetic Shield Specification
19 ED0002361
Cryomodule HGRP
Fermilab Engineering Note, LCLS-II Cryomodule
20 ED0002339
Vacuum Vessel ASME Code Conformance
LCLS-II 1.3GHz Prototype Cryomodule
21 Fermilab draft document
Instrumentation List
LCLS-II Magnet Package Design, Fabrication, and
tests, by Vladimir Kashikhin, May 6, 2014
23 Fermilab draft document Valve sizing document
24 Fermilab draft document Piping pressure drops and venting analyses
25 Fermilab draft document Draft FESHM-style piping engineering note

Electric heater sizing, design, implementation
engineering note
Other reference
documents and
publications
“Notes about the Limits of Heat Transport from a
TESLA report #94-18 (June, TESLA Helium Vessel with a Nearly Closed
27
1994). Saturated Bath of Helium II”, by Tom Peterson,
Fermilab
O. Kugeler, A. Neumann, W. Anders, and J.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC
Knobloch, Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin (HZB), 12489
28 INSTRUMENTS 81, 074701
Berlin, Germany, “Adapting TESLA technology for
(2010).
future cw light sources using HoBiCaT”
"Latest Developments on He II Co-current Two-
Advances in Cryogenic phase Flow Studies," by B. Rousset, A. Gauthier, L.
29 Engineering, Vol 43B, pp. Grimaud, and R. van Weelderen, in Advances in
1441 - 1448 Cryogenic Engineering, Vol 43B (1997 Cryogenic
Engineering Conference).
5 Responsibilities
Table 3. Responsibilities
Person(s) or Areas
Define Responsibility
Responsible
6 Functional requirements summary
The cryomodule functional requirements are defined in "The 1.3 GHz Superconducting
Cryomodule Functional Requirements Specification Document," [reference 2]. This Technical
Requirements Document expands on those functional requirements by providing in-depth
descriptions of design features and by pointing to references which describe the detailed
analyses or design work. The following table provides a summary of the key functional
requirements which drive the design.
Table 4. Key functional requirements for the cryomodules

Key requirement Description
The baseline design concept includes TESLA-style cryomodules
with insulating vacuum open at each end to the next, so
Series configuration
connected insulating vacuums, and with cold beam pipe through
the interconnect.
TESLA-style cryomodules include all cryogenic piping within the
No external parallel
cryostat, as opposed to having a parallel external cryogenic
transfer line
transfer line to supply cooling to cryomodules
The SLAC tunnel enclosure, in which the cryomodules will be
0.5% longitudinal
installed, has a 0.5% longitudinal floor slope, which dictates
tunnel slope
careful attention to liquid helium management
Provide high reliability in all aspects of the cryomodule (vacuum,
Quality, reliability alignment stability, mechanics, instrumentation) including after
thermal cycles
Minimize cavity vibration and coupling of external sources to

Microphonics
cavities
Alignment Provide good cavity alignment (<0.5 mm RMS)
Seismic Follow SLAC seismic loading requirements

Intercept significant heat loads at intermediate temperatures
Thermal efficiency
above 2.0 K to the extent possible in full CW operation
Cryomodules and components comply with 10CFR851 –
equivalence to pressure code safety level. Protect the helium
Pressure safety
and vacuum spaces including the RF cavity from exceeding
maximum allowable pressures (MAWP).
Magnetic shielding Provide excellent magnetic shielding to preserve high Q0
Other requirements A few additional requirements not explicitly in the FRS

Allow removal of up to 150 W at 2 K per cryomodule. (For
Thermal performance thermal design within the cryomodule, we apply a larger
uncertainty factor than globally for cryoplant sizing.)
Provide, to the extent possible given the cryomodule string
configuration, cool-down conditions which retain high cavity Q0.
Recent recognition of the role of thermal gradient on the niobium
Cool-down cavity to “sweep out” magnetic flux as the Nb passes through the
superconducting transition during cool-down created new design
goals for management of cool-down, including the addition of a
cool-down valve in each cryomodule.
7 Cryomodule mechanical design
7.1 Cryomodule major components and features

LCLS-II cryomodules consist of various complex subassemblies, some of which are taken from
previous TESLA-style cryomodule designs and some of which are new developments for LCLS-II and
CW operation. The table below lists major cryomodule features or components, notes about each, and
reference documents describing them in detail.
Table 5. Major cryomodule features or components

Feature Notes Ref #
RF cavity ILC cavity shape
Modified “chimney nozzle for CW heat removal and
3, 5,
Helium vessel provision of two symmetrically located cool-down / warm-up
13,15
supply ports
End-lever tuner designed for stiffness, precise tuning, piezo
integration, and accessibility. The overall tuner envelope
must not interfere with other features like piping. Tuner will
Tuner be accessible without disassembly of the cryomodule. The 3, 7
cryomodule will have ports on the vacuum vessel providing
access to each tuner. Tuner cabling is routed to avoid
damage. Cables are thermally intercepted at the 45 K
level.
RF power input coupler Modified for CW operation. The cryomodule includes
features to accommodate the input coupler assembly
including input coupler flange on the vacuum vessel and
features to support any associated assembly tooling.
3, 4
Maximum motion of the cold flange on the cavity relative to
the warm flange on the vacuum vessel is [need these
numbers]. Input coupler thermal intercepts are provided at
45 K and at 5 K.
Split magnet (consisting of quadrupole and two dipole
Magnet assembly correctors) for assembly onto the beam pipe after cavity 3, 22
string assembly, outside of the clean room.
Beam Position Monitor 3, 2
Serves both as a thermal radiation shield and as a
45 K thermal shield 13
conductive manifold for thermal intercepts.
Magnetic shielding goal is to limit imposed magnetic field
on the dressed cavity to no more than 5 milligauss. One
Magnetic shielding must watch also for internal sources of magnetic fields. No 18
component of the cryomodule shall impose a magnetic field
of more than 5 milligauss on the dressed RF cavity.
A major difference from XFEL is the addition of two
cryogenic valves to each cryomodule, one for cool-down of
Cryogenic valves each cryomodule individually and one for steady-state 23
management of helium liquid levels in each cryomodule
individually.
Stresses in piping and support structures include those due
to pressure loads and shall not exceed allowable stresses.
Cryogenic piping Piping stability with respect to loads, taking into account 24, 25
forces resulting from the use of bellows, piping area
changes, etc., is analyzed and verified.
Epoxy-fiberglass cylinders of the TESLA design support the
Cold mass supports 13
cryomodule cold mass
Like for TESLA and XFEL, RF cavities are anchored in
position axially via a clamp to an invar rod. Vertical and
Cavity support system 13, 15
lateral support is provided by the 300 mm HGRP which in
turn hangs from the vacuum vessel via three support posts.
ED0002342, Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II
Vacuum vessel 16, 17
Cryomodule Vacuum Vessel
An instrumentation list is found in the Cryomodule 14, 17,
Instrumentation
Interfaces Document , ED-0002307 21
Cryomodule linac lattice dimensions and intercavity spacing
including both warm and cold dimensions are defined and
shown in ED0001152. Two key dimensions given are:
Cryomodule linac main coupler cavity-to-cavity distance is 1383.6 mm, which 1, 14,
lattice dimensions is 6 lambda (at 1.3 GHz), and cryomodule slot length is 15
12,220 mm (53 lambda). These even wavelength
requirements come from the Cryomodule Physics
Requirements Document.
7.2 Major interfaces
Major interfaces from the cryomodule to other linac components are described in "Fermilab Engineering
Specification, LCLS-II Cryomodule Interfaces" [ref 17].
Table 6. Major interfaces

Interface Notes Ref
The support of the vacuum vessel in the SLAC tunnel is
Vacuum vessel support described in detail in “Interface Control Document, 10, 16,
structure Accelerator Systems to Cryogenic Systems” [ref 10] 17
With the exception of the single cryomodule in L0, for which

Connections at the detailed specifications are still under development,
cryomodule string ends cryomodule ends at string ends are standard interconnects. 13, 15
to the distribution
system
RF power input waveguide connections are described in
RF waveguide to input detail in "Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II 17
couplers Cryomodule Interfaces" [ref 17].
Electrical connectors are located on various round cover
Instrumentation plates mounted on the vacuum shell, the connector plates
connectors on the sealed with O-ring seals. A pair of instrumentation flanges 13, 14,
vacuum shell is also associated with each input coupler to reduce wire 17
lengths and risks associated with long runs of wires inside
the cryomodule.
Current leads are to be designed for 50 amps current,
Power to the magnet although current varies from very low levels at the low
current leads energy end of the linac to about 20 amps at the high energy 22
end.
Alignment fiducials on the vacuum shell are described in
Alignment fiducials on detail in "Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II
the vacuum shell with Cryomodule Interfaces" [ref 17]. 17
reference to cavity
positions.
7.3 Cavity alignment requirements relative to external reference

Cavity lateral and vertical alignment requirements are 0.5 mm (RMS). Cavity positions relative to
fiducials on the vacuum vessel are set during assembly with no requirement for later internal
adjustment of cavity position within the cryomodule after assembly. Alignment needs to be maintained
with thermal and pressure cycling. (Return to position within 0.5 mm RMS tolerance.) Final alignment
is of the vacuum vessel assembly by means of the external fiducials which were referenced to the
cavity string. The table below summarizes approximate allocation of alignment tolerances, illustrating
that for each source of misalignment, due to their additive nature, tolerances must be tighter than the
overall requirement.
Table 7. Alignment tolerances
Subassembly Tolerances (RMS) Total envelope
Subassembly Tolerances (RMS) Total envelope

Cryomodule assembly Cavity and helium vessel +/- 0.1 mm Positioning of the
Supporting system +/- 0.2 mm cavity with respect
Vacuum vessel +/- 0.2 mm to external
construction reference
+/- 0.5 mm
Action
Transport, testing, and Transport and handling +/- 0.2 mm Reproducibility and
operation (+/- 0.5 g in any direction) stability of the
Vacuum pumping +/- 0.3 mm cavity position with
Cool-down respect to external
RF tests reference +/- 0.5
Warm-up mm
Thermal cycles
8 Cryomodule vacuum design and vacuum vessel
Vacuum vessel design is described in detail in "Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II

Cryomodule Vacuum Vessel" [ref 16]. A major new feature is access ports for the tuners, particularly
with the goal in mind of access to the piezo tuners. A mock-up verifies the feasibility of access via the
ports.
The insulating vacuum is protected from over pressurization by means of a spring-loaded lift plate. A
single worst case piping rupture internal to the insulating vacuum was analyzed to determine lift plate
size. Provisions are provided to allow free passage of the helium out past thermal shield and MLI to the
lift plate.
9 Cryomodule thermal design and helium flow design
9.1 Major thermal design features
Table 8. Major thermal design features

Feature Notes Ref #
The RF cavities are maintained at nominally 2 K by means

of a stagnant bath of saturated liquid helium. 1.8 K to 2.1 K
2 K temperature level are possible temperatures, and the RF cavity helium vessel 3, 5, 6
and piping design accommodate any temperature within
this range. The design baseline is 2.0 Kelvin.
A helium circuit with pressures above the helium critical
pressure (2.27 bar) so as to avoid 2-phase flow, and in the
temperature range of 5 K to 8 K, provides a low
5 K temperature level 3, 5, 6
temperature thermal intercept for the support posts, magnet
current leads, RF power coupler, HOM absorbers, and
instrumentation wires. Unlike XFEL, LCLS-II cryomodules
have no thermal radiation shield at this temperature level.

The highest temperature level will be helium in the range
35 K to 55 K. This temperature level provides not only
conductive thermal intercepts but also a thermal radiation
shield. There will be no liquid nitrogen in the LCLS-II
tunnel. However, for test purposes in various test cryostats
45 K temperature level 3, 5, 6
and facilities, the "45 K" thermal shield may be cooled with
liquid nitrogen at approximately 80 K. This higher
temperature within the test facilities will have some impact
on thermal measurements relative to the 45 K tunnel
condition, which will be assessed.
The thermal shield is designed such that introduction of
cold (process temperature) helium into the thermal shield
piping when the thermal shield is warm, resulting in a very
fast cool-down, does not damage the thermal shield or
45 K thermal shield 13, 14
other parts of the cryomodule. (The issues are warping
and associated forces, thermal stresses, etc.) Thermal
shield trace piping is arranged such that counterflow heat
transfer does not inhibit cool-down of the thermal shield.
Heat loads are summarized in “Cryomodule Heat Load” [ref
5], which also in turn lists the many sources of information
Cryomodule heat loads for heat loads and thermal analyses. Special 5
considerations for the high heat loads at 2 K with CW
operation are described in section 8.2 of this document.
Evacuated multi-layer insulation (MLI) is used within the
cryomodule on the thermal radiation shield, piping, and
helium vessels. MLI on colder piping and vessels under
MLI the thermal radiation shield, while not very effective in 3
terms of reducing overall heat load, greatly reduces boiloff
rates from loss of vacuum incidents, in turn reducing
emergency venting pipe and valve size requirements.
Each helium vessel includes an electric heater for 2 K flow
and pressure control. In order to avoid cold feed-throughs
from superfluid helium to insulating vacuum, these heaters
are installed on the outsides of the helium vessels. The
presence of a steady-state pressure drop results in a
pressure change at the cryomodule with a change in flow
Electric heaters 26
rate (e.g. due to heat load change or liquid level control
valve position change), even with constant cold compressor
inlet pressure (perfect cryoplant pressure regulation).
Heaters distributed within the cryomodules are required to
compensate for heat load changes so as to control
subsequent flow and pressure changes.
Cables are thermally intercepted at the 45 K level. Special
attention is given to thermal intercepting of the piezo
Tuner actuator wires and housing so as to assure piezo 3, 7
temperatures remain below 80 K, to improve lifetime and
performance.
RF power input coupler Input coupler thermal intercepts are provided at 5 K and at 3, 11
45 K. Estimated input coupler heat loads (per coupler) are
0.09 W at 2 K, 0.41 W at 5 K, and 14.00 W at 45 K.
Valves appropriate for low temperature helium cryogenic

service with thermal intercepts at the 45 K level and
bellows stem seals are used. Valves are sized and have
Cryogenic valves control characteristics based on the anticipated operating 23
flow rates with allowance for worst-case conditions such as
cool-down, warm-up, or recovery from some other upset
condition.
9.2 Design for large 2 K heat transport and helium flow
Heat from the outside surface of the niobium RF cavity, and heat entering via conduction from the
beam pipe at the RF cavity ends, is carried through stagnant saturated Helium II to the liquid helium
surface in the 2-phase pipe via superfluid heat transport. For heat transport through saturated
superfluid helium around 2.0 Kelvin, 1 Watt/sq.cm. is a conservative rule for a vertical pipe [refs 27, 28].
The critical heat flux for a non-vertical pipe connection from the helium vessel to the 2-phase pipe may
be considerably less than 1 Watt/sq.cm. Configurations other than vertical require analysis to verify
that the anticipated heat flux is less than the critical heat flux. Also, temperatures above 2.0 K result in
a lower critical heat flux due to reduced superfluid heat transport. For LCLS-II, these considerations
have resulted in our increasing the inner diameter of the nozzle (or “chimney”) from the helium vessel to
the 2-phase pipe from 55 mm (the TESLA/XFEL size) to 95 mm.
Figure 4. Maximum heat flux in saturated superfluid at 2.0 Kelvin
Figure 5. Heat transport path from input coupler and beam tube region to 2 K helium
End flange to cavity including support tabs must have sufficient helium cross-sectional area to carry
heat from the cavity ends and beam tube into the bulk helium in the helium vessel (see Figure 5).
Evaporation from the surface of the saturated helium liquid results in vapor flow within the 2-phase pipe
over the liquid surface to an exit port connecting to the HGRP. Studies done at CEA Grenoble for
CERN’s LHC magnet cooling [reference 29] provided the result that a 5 meters/sec vapor "speed limit"
over liquid is a conservative “rule of thumb” not to entrain liquid droplets into the vapor. For LCLS-II,
the closure of each 2-phase pipe in each cryomodule, limiting the 2-phase pipe vapor flow to that
generated by one cryomodule, keeps the vapor flow rate quite low, less than 2 meters/sec.
Nevertheless, the 0.5% slope (Figure 6) combined with the fact that the connecting nozzle from the
helium vessel is 100 mm OD results in a 100 mm OD 2-phase pipe, larger than the 69 mm for XFEL.
The result is that the pressure drop within the 2-phase pipe is negligibly small. (See Figure 7.)
Figure 6. Liquid level illustration for single LCLS-II cryomodule
Figure 7. Pressure drop and vapor velocity in 2-phase pipe
9.3 Pressure drop analyses
Pressure drops within and through the cryomodule are analyzed in combination with the helium
distribution system. Pipe are sized for the worst case among steady-state, peak flow rates, upset, cool-
down, warm-up, and venting and conditions. Pressure drops must be analyzed for each helium flow
path to ensure that steady-state operation matches system design and that non-steady conditions
(cool-down, emergency venting, warm-up) are properly handled. Input variables for these analyses
include line size, allowable temperature rise, allowable pressure drop, and heat load. (Temperature
rise and heat load determine mass flow for supercritical pressure helium or helium gas in the thermal
intercept pipes and 2 K supply pipe.)
For the HGRP, pressure drop is particularly important and limited, since this pressure drop determines
the helium temperature at the helium vessel, hence RF cavity temperature. We design for a pressure
drop < 10% of total pressure in normal operation.
Maximum allowable pressure for emergency venting, combined with distances to relief devices may
also influence line sizes. Helium piping and vessels vent into the adjacent cryomodules and out to the
distribution system, allowing placement of all process relief valves in the distribution system.
Loss of vacuum venting: pressure in the helium vessel of the dressed cavity less than the cold
maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of the helium vessel and dressed cavity. Venting path
includes nozzle from helium vessel, 2-phase pipe, may include gas return pipe, and also includes any
external vent lines. Worst-case heat flux to liquid helium temperature metal surfaces with loss of
vacuum to air is assumed to be 4.0 W/cm2. Worst-case heat flux to liquid helium temperature surfaces
covered by at least 5 layers of multi-layer insulation (MLI) is assumed to be 0.6 W/cm2.
Finally, we match cryomodule and cryogenic distribution system design to the cryogenic plant in terms
of providing flow rates, temperatures, and pressures consistent with cryogenic plant requirements.
Table 9. Cryomodule pipe size comparison
9.4 Maximum allowable working pressures (from Cryomodule FRS, LCLSII-2.5-FR-0053-R0)
Table 10. Maximum allowable working pressures

Region Warm MAWP (bar) Cold MAWP (bar)
2 K, low pressure space 2.0 4.0
2 K, positive pressure piping 20.0 20.0
(separated by valves from low P
space)
5 K piping 20.0 20.0
45 K piping 20.0 20.0
Insulating vacuum space 1 atm external with full vacuum
inside 0.5 positive differential
internal
Cavity vacuum 2.0 bar external with full vacuum 4.0 bar external with full vacuum
inside 0.5 positive differential inside 0.5 positive differential
internal internal
Beam pipe vacuum outside of 1 atm external with full vacuum 1 atm external with full vacuum
cavities inside 0.5 positive differential inside 0.5 positive differential
internal internal
9.5 Instrumentation
The cryomodule must be instrumented with liquid level probe (or probes) for the 2-phase helium II
system, thermometry for cool-down and monitoring of critical input coupler, HOM coupler, and current
lead temperatures, and other instrumentation as listed in "Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II
Cryomodule Interfaces" (ED-0002307, reference 17).
9.6 Cryomodule test requirements. The cryomodule will be tested before installation in the linac.
Tests will check the following:
 Leak and pressure tests for quality assurance and FESHM compliance.
 Temperature profiles
 Approximate heat loads
 RF cavity performance
 Tuner performance
 Instrumentation
9.7 Pressure stability at the 2 K level
It is possible to generate pressure pulses within a cryomodule, for example via heat input from the
warm end of a closed pipe. Hence we have a requirement to avoid “dead-headed” lines which can
warm up, for example, the line terminating at the closed cool-down valve after it is closed. To avoid a
warm valve providing such a warm termination on the closed pipe, one recommended solution is to
locate the valve lower than the supply pipe such that cold helium sits on the valve. This is implemented
for the LCLS-II cryomodule valves.
10 Cryomodule helium inventory
Table 12. Cryomodule line sizes, helium conditions, and helium inventory
Cryomodule total inventory is about 13,500 liquid liters equivalent of helium.
11 What else?
There are no doubt other design constraints and features to add to this document. I will add to this
draft.

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Document Title: 1.3 GHz Cryomodule Technical Description

+Document Approval: Date Approved

Figure 1. LCLS-II cryomodule assembly cross-section

Figure 2. LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule schematic

Figure 3. LCLS-II 1.3 GHz cryomodule assembly

SLAC SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

FNAL Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

LCLS-II Linac Coherent Light Source upgrade

SRF Superconducting Radio Frequency

CW Continuous Wave operating mode

25 Fermilab draft document Draft FESHM-style piping engineering note

6 Functional requirements summary

Table 4. Key functional requirements for the cryomodules

Minimize cavity vibration and coupling of external sources to

Seismic Follow SLAC seismic loading requirements

Other requirements A few additional requirements not explicitly in the FRS

7 Cryomodule mechanical design

7.1 Cryomodule major components and features

Table 5. Major cryomodule features or components

7.2 Major interfaces

Table 6. Major interfaces

With the exception of the single cryomodule in L0, for which

7.3 Cavity alignment requirements relative to external reference

Table 7. Alignment tolerances

Subassembly Tolerances (RMS) Total envelope

Subassembly Tolerances (RMS) Total envelope

8 Cryomodule vacuum design and vacuum vessel

Vacuum vessel design is described in detail in "Fermilab Engineering Specification, LCLS-II

9 Cryomodule thermal design and helium flow design

9.1 Major thermal design features

Table 8. Major thermal design features

The RF cavities are maintained at nominally 2 K by means

have no thermal radiation shield at this temperature level.

0.09 W at 2 K, 0.41 W at 5 K, and 14.00 W at 45 K.

Valves appropriate for low temperature helium cryogenic

9.2 Design for large 2 K heat transport and helium flow

Figure 4. Maximum heat flux in saturated superfluid at 2.0 Kelvin

Figure 6. Liquid level illustration for single LCLS-II cryomodule

Figure 7. Pressure drop and vapor velocity in 2-phase pipe

9.3 Pressure drop analyses

Table 9. Cryomodule pipe size comparison

9.4 Maximum allowable working pressures (from Cryomodule FRS, LCLSII-2.5-FR-0053-R0)

Table 10. Maximum allowable working pressures

 Approximate heat loads

9.7 Pressure stability at the 2 K level

10 Cryomodule helium inventory

Cryomodule total inventory is about 13,500 liquid liters equivalent of helium.

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