Solution

Class 09 - Social Science

Ssc

Section A

1. The Social Contract

2. The Luni river.

3. India has become self-sufficient in food grains during the last thirty years because of a

variety of crops grown all over the country.

4. Two members

5. Natural resources, man made items, human effort and money etc. are the resources

needed for production activities.

6. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus

able to arrange for the capital needed.

7. The states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh,

parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra account for the largest number of food

insecure people in the country.

8. ADS tried to set up Grain Banks in Maharashtra to facilitate replication through other

NGOs and to influence the Government policy on food security. These are paying rich

dividends. It has been acknowledged as a successful and innovative food security

intervention.

9. In Central India and Africa it would be millets, in Brazil manioc, and in other parts of

Latin America maize and beans.

10. Napoleon Bonaparte

11. This group of islands is composed of small coral islands. They are in horse shoe or

ring shaped called atolls.

12. 79 Lakh tonnes

13. 6 years

14. Wages can be in cash or kind (crop). Sometimes labourers get meals also. Wages vary

widely from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another.

15. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus

able to arrange for the capital needed.

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16. ADS stand for Academy of Development science which facilitates a network of NGOs

for setting up grain banks in different regions.

17. The famine of Bengal in the year of 1943 was the most devastating famine.

18. The Imperial Forest Research Institute set up in Dehradun in 1906.

Section B

19. A.Hyperinflation is a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.

B. The Americans intervened and bailed Germany out of the crises.

C. America introduced the Dawes plan.

D. This plan reworked the terms of reparation to ease the financial burden on

Germans.

20. A.Some of the wetlands of India are popular with migratory birds, during winter,

birds, such as Siberian Crane come in large number.

B.One such place favourable with birds is the Rann of Kachchh. At this place where

the desert merges with the sea, flamingo with their brilliant, pink plumage, come in

thousands to built nest mounds from the salty mud and raise their young ones.

C.Due to this reason environmentalist consider this place an extraordinary sight in

the country. It is also a rich natural heritage of our country.

21. In industries, committees were formed to question the industrialists about the way

they ran the factories. Trade unions were formed and soldiers’ committees were

formed in the army. In June, about 500 Soviets sent representatives to an All Russian

Congress of Soviets. As the Provisional Government saw the grip of the Bolsheviks

becoming stronger, they decided to take stern measures against the spreading

discontent.

22. A. Revolutionaries demanded that Russia should withdraw from the World War.

B. The demanded that land should go to the tiller.

C. The want to establish government farms.

D. The demanded that banks and industries should be nationalized.

E. The demanded an improvement in the working conditions of workers and wages

also.

F. The demanded that non Russian should be given equal status so that they could

work for the development of Russia.

23. A. Traditional trading class of colonies became dependent on colonial powers.

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 B. Many communities changed their ancestral profession and started trading in forest

products.

C. The colonial powers began to regulate the trade.

D. The British made monopoly to Europe firms to trade in forest produce.

24. A. A Rectangular Drainage pattern develops on a strongly joined Rocky terrain. Eg.

Narmada.

B. A Radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central

peak or dome-like structure.Examples of radial drainage patterns can be found on a

small scale in the Aravalis and hilly terrains of central India.

25. A. The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word 'mausim' which literally

means season.

B. Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.

C. The climate of India is the monsoon type.

D. In Asia,such type of climate is found mainly in the South and Southeast Asia.

26. (i) 50 per cent of casual workers in urban areas are below poverty line.

About 50 per cent of landless agricultural workers and 43 per cent of scheduled caste

are also poor.

(ii) The double disadvantage of being a landless casual wage labour household in the

socially disadvantaged social groups of the scheduled caste or the scheduled tribe

population highlights the seriousness of the problem.

(iii) Some recent studies have shown that except for scheduled tribe households all

the other three groups that is, scheduled caste, rural agricultural labour and the

urban casual labour have seen a decline in poverty.

27. Declaration made by World Summit in 1995-

The 1995 World Food Summit declared, Food security at the individual, household,

regional, national and global levels exists when all people, at all times, have physical

and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs

and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

28. Amnesty International, an international human rights organisation, collected

information on the condition of the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that

the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws.

They were being denied the treatment that even prisoners of war must get as per

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 international treaties. Many prisoners had tried protesting against these conditions by

going on a hunger fast. Prisoners were not released even after they were officially

declared not guilty. An independent inquiry by the UN supported these findings. The

UN Secretary General said the prison in Guantanamo Bay should be closed down. The

US government refused to accept these pleas.

29. A. The order issued by the government is termed as a government order.

B. It is also known as office memorandum.

C. By office memorandum decision of the Government is communicated by the

competent authority.

D. The government issues many orders everyday on various subjects.

30. A. Sovereignty of the people. People are free from outside powers.

B. Rulers are elected by the people.

C. Free and fair elections.

31. Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 due to lot of reasons:

- The most apparent being the Great Depression. The Weimar Republic did little to

remedy the country's economic downfall, and Hitler was presented as a saviour to the

humiliated German people living in economic and political crises.

- The powerful speeches of Hitler in which he sought to build great nation, undo the

injustice of the Versailles Treaty, restore the dignity of German people and provide

employment for all stirred hopes in people.

- Nazi propganda was unique. Red banners with the Swastika, Nazi salute and the

rounds of applause attracted the people making Nazism very popular.

32. All plants and animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other

and their dependence on the environment is called an ecosystem. Human beings

influence the ecology of a region in the following ways:

(i) They utilise the vegetation and wildlife.

(ii) The greed of human beings leads to over utilisation of these resources.

(iii) They cut trees and kill animals, thereby creating an ecological imbalance.

(iv) As a result, some of the plants and animals have reached on the verge of

extinction.

33. A. Unemployment was common. The workers and peasants were discriminated and

exploited by factory owners and landlord.

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 B. Industrialization brought men, women and children to factories. They were

exploited by the industrialists. Working hours were too long and working conditions

were worst.

C. Most of the industries were private property of individuals. The government

supervised large factories to ensure minimum wages and limited working hours.

D. It was the time of social and economic changes.

E. New industrial regions and railways expanded.

34. Main causes were:

(i) Russia was an autocracy and its ruler was not subject to the parliament.

(ii) Prices of essential goods rose rapidly and real wages declined by 20%.

(iii) About 10,000 workers in St Petersburg went on a strike demanding a reduction in

the working hours, increase in wages and improvement in the working conditions.

(iv)Finally, the 'Bloody Sunday' incident at Winter Palace provoked the Russians to

start the 1905 Revolution against the Tsar.

35. (i) Paper is used for making books, wood is used for desks and tables, doors and

windows, dyes are used for colouring our clothes, we get spices to add to our food, the

cellophane wrapper of toffees, tendu leaf in bidis, gum, honey and coffee, tea and

rubber.

(ii)Oil in chocolates comes from sal seeds, the tannin used to convert skins and hides

into leather or the herbs used for medical purposes are all derived from forests.

(iii) Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass charcoal, packaging, fruits,

flowers, animals, birds, etc.

36. A. This treaty was done by India and Pakistan.

B. According to this regulation of the Indus water treaty of 1960, India can use only

20% of the total water carried by Indus river system.

C. This water is used for irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and the Southern and western

parts of Rajasthan.

37. A. Jodhpur has 37.7 cm of rainfall as the Arabian Sea Branch and winds blow parallel

to the Aravalli Hills.

B. Shillong receives annual rainfall of 226.7 cm approximate, due to its relief feature.

It is located on the windward side of the Meghalaya hills and receives heavy rainfall

from the Bay of Bengal branch.

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 C. Thiruvananthapuram, the maximum temperature is due to its closeness to the

equator and situated near the coastal area. The main reason of very low temperature

in Leh because it is situated at very high altitude that is 3506 meters above sea level.

38. A. It stands for Rural Employment Generation Program.

B. It was launched in 1995.

C. The aim of the program is to create self employment opportunities in rural areas

and small towns.

D. A target for creating 25 lakhs new jobs has been set for the program under the

Tenth Five Year Plan.

39. A. It is wide spread scarcity of food in a particular area, region or a country.

B. There may be many reasons of famine.

C.It may be caused by lack of food or lack of proper distribution of food.

D. Famine conditions may be worsened due to natural climate changes or by inflation

or by crop failure or by extreme political conditions such as military government or

dictatorship or war-like situations.

D. Famines make a deep impact on a country or a region or area. Large scale deaths

may occur due to famine.

40. A. Freedom of speech and expression is one of the essential features of any

democracy.

B. Our ideas and personality develop only when we are able to freely communicate

with others.

C. You may think differently from others. Even if a hundred people think in one way,

you should have the freedom to think differently and express your views accordingly.

D. You may disagree with a policy of government or activities of an association.

E. You are free to criticise the government or the activities of the association in your

conversations with parents, friends and relatives.

F. You may publicise your views through a pamphlet, magazine or newspaper.

G. You can do it through paintings, poetry or songs. However, you cannot use this

freedom to instigate violence against others. You cannot use it to incite people to rebel

against government.

41. A. Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of the

legislative or the executive.

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 B. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes

of the party in the power.

C. Once a person is appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court or High Court he/she is

assured security of service and cannot be removed from their office before the expiry

of his/her term except on the grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity.

D. The judiciary has the power to prevent the misuse of the government’s power to

make decision. It checks malpractices on the part of public officials.

42. A. A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes, simply because it has won

an election.

B. It has to respect some basic rules. In particular it has to respect some guarantees to

the minorities.

C. Every major decision has to go through a series of consultations. Every office

bearer has certain rights and responsibilities assigned by the constitution and the law.

Section C

43. A. In foreign policy Hitler acquired quick success.

B. He pulled out of the League of Nations in 1933, reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936,

and integrates Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan, one people, one

empire, and one leader.

C. He then went on to wrest German-speaking Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, and

gobbled up the entire country.

D. In all of this he had the unspoken support of England, which had considered the

Versailles verdict too harsh.

E. These quick successes at home and abroad seemed to reverse the destiny of the

country.

OR

The problems faced by Weimar Republic are the following:

(i) The infant Weimar Republic was forced to pay for the sins of the old empire. The

republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially

crippled by being forced to pay compensation.

(ii) The Socialists, Catholics and Democrats who supported the Weimar Republic

became easy target of attack in the conservative nationalist circles. They were

mockingly called ‘November criminals’.

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 (iii) There was revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

(iv) Soviets of workers and sailors were established in many cities. There was demand

for Soviet-style governance. The Weimar Republic crushed the uprising with the help

of a war veterans’ organisation called, ‘Free Corps’.

(v) The Spartacists later founded the Communist Party of Germany. Communists and

Scientists henceforth became irreconcilable enemies and could not make common

cause against Hitler.

(vi) There was economic crisis of 1923. Prices of goods soared. The crisis came to be

known as hyperinflation, a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.

(vii) Politically too, the Weimar Republic was fragile. System of proportionate

representation and Article 48 which gave President the powers to impose emergency,

suspend civil rights and rule by decree. The Weimer Republic saw twenty different

cabinets lasting on an average 239 days, and a liberal use of Article 48.

44. (i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas.

(ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low pressure areas over the oceans to

the south.

(iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over

northwestern India.

(iv) This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(v) Air moves from the high pressure area over the southern Indian ocean in a south-

westerly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low pressure area

over the Indian sub-continent.

(vi) These winds are known as south-west monsoon winds.

(vii) These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread

rainfall over the mainland of India.

OR

(i) The Himalayas protect the subcontinent from extremely cold winds from Central

Asia. This enables northern India to have uniformly higher temperature when

compared to other areas on the same latitude.

(ii) The Peninsular plateau under the influence of the sea from three sides has

moderate temperatures.

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 (iii) The seasonal alternation of wind systems and the associated weather conditions

provides a rhythmic cycle of seasons.

(iv) Even the uncertainties of rain and uneven distribution are very typical of the

monsoon.

(v) The Indian landscape, its animals and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar

and the life of the people including their festivities revolve around this phenomenon.

(vi) Year after year,people of India from north to south and from east to west eagerly

awaits the arrival of monsoon.These monsoon winds bind the whole country by

providing water to get the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which

carry this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

45. The food security is ensured in India by the Government by carefully designed food

security system. This system is composed of two components:

(a) Maintaining a Buffer Stock of food grains,

(b) Through the distribution of these food grains among the poorer sections of the

society with the help of a Public Distribution System (PDS).

In addition to the above, the Government has launched several Poverty Alleviation

Programmes (PAP) that comprise a component of food security. Some of these

programmes are - Mid-Day Meals, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), and Food-For-Work

(FFW) etc.

Two schemes launched by the government to provide food security to the poor are:

→ Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): This scheme was launched in December 2000.

Under this scheme one crore of the poorer among the BPL families, covered by the

Public Distribution System (PDS) were identified. Twenty-five kilograms of food

grains were made available to each of the eligible family at a highly subsidized rate.

After about two years, the quantity was enhanced from 25 kg to 35 kg. In June 2003,

and August 2004, additional 50 lakh families were added to this scheme twice. In this

way about 2 crore families have been brought under the AAY.

→ Food for Work (FFW): This programme was launched in November 2004 in 150

most backward districts of the country. The main objective of this scheme is to

intensify the generation of supplementary wage employment. This scheme is open to

all rural poor who are willing to do unskilled labour. In return of the work, the

workers are supplied foodgrains or money as they like.

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 OR

“Chronic” means something occurs over a period of time, as opposed to a single

incident.its some features are-

A. Chronic hunger is the consequence of diets persistently inadequate in terms of

quantity or quality.

B. Poor people suffer from chronic hunger because of their very low income and in

turn, inability to buy food even for survival.

C. This is mostly seen in the rural areas.

D. It occurs, when people lack the opportunity to earn enough money to be educated

and gain skills to meet their basic needs.

E. This hunger continues for long and leads to death.

F. The percentage of chronic hunger has declined to 0.7% and 0.3% in 1999-2000 in

rural and urban areas respectively.

46. (i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever

the headmen of several villages assembled.

(ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar

became an important figure.

(iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrows began circulating

between villages. They were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the

British.

(iv) Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses.

(v) Bazars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations

were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed.

(vi) Most of those who were attacked were associated with the British and their

oppressive laws.

OR

A. To administer the affairs of the Massai, the British introduced a series of measures

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 that had important implications.

B. They appointed chiefs of different sub groups of Massai, who were made

responsible for the affairs of the tribe.

C. The colonial government imposed various restrictions in riding and warfare.

The chiefs appointed by the colonial government often accumulated wealth over time.

They had a regular income with which they could buy animals, goods and land. They

lent money to the poor Neighbours who needed cash to pay taxes. Many of them

began living in towns, and became involved in trade. These chiefs managed to survive

the devastations of war and drought. They had both pastoral and non-pastoral

income, and could buy animals when their stock was depleted.

OR

A. For the poor the common land was essential for survival. It supplemented their

meager income, sustained their cattle, and helped them tide over bad times when

crops failed.

B. The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests, or graze their

cattle on the commons.

C. They could no longer collect apples and berries, or hunt small animals for meat.

D. Nor could they gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops were cut.

E. Everything belong to the landlords, everything had a price which the poor could

not afford to pay.

47. A. Awareness spread by media and newspaper was also responsible for the decline in

the growth rate of population.

B. Spread of education to the girl child was also a reason. Due to it women also

become aware about the drawbacks and expenditure of large family.

C. Women also start working in the different field of life and now they realized that

giving birth to more children is also harmful for health.

D. Now, People are literate and they are aware about the family planning

programmes.

E. Literacy rate was also very high.

F. Early marriage of girls and boys was banned now and age of marriage was fixed by

the government.

48. The regular electoral competition provides incentives to political parties and leaders.

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 They know that if they raise issues that people want to be raised, their popularity and

chances of victory will increase in the next elections. But if they fail to satisfy the

voters with their work they will not be able to win again. So if a political party is

motivated only by desire to be in power, even then it will be forced to serve the

people. This is a bit like the way market works. Even if a shopkeeper is interested only

in his profit, he is forced to give good service to the customers. If he does not, the

customer will go to some other shop. Similarly, political competition may cause

division and some ugliness, but it finally helps to force political parties and leaders to

serve the people.

49. (i) Jew teachers were dismissed from the schools.

(ii) Children were segregated. Germans and Jews neither could sit together nor play

together.

(iii) Subsequently, undesirable children—Jews, the physically handicapped and

Gypsies were thrown out of schools.

(iv) School textbooks were rewritten.

(v) Racial Science was introduced to justify Nazi’s ideas of race.

(vi) Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, to hate the Jews and worship

Hitler.

(vii) Boxing was introduced as Hitler believed that it could make children iron

hearted, strong and masculine.

OR

The problems faced by Weimar Republic are the following:

(i) The infant Weimar Republic was forced to pay for the sins of the old empire. The

republic carried the burden of war guilt and national humiliation and was financially

crippled by being forced to pay compensation.

(ii) The Socialists, Catholics and Democrats who supported the Weimar Republic

became easy target of attack in the conservative nationalist circles. They were

mockingly called ‘November criminals’.

(iii) There was revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the pattern of the

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

(iv) Soviets of workers and sailors were established in many cities. There was demand

for Soviet-style governance. The Weimar Republic crushed the uprising with the help

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 of a war veterans’ organisation called, ‘Free Corps’.

(v) The Spartacists later founded the Communist Party of Germany. Communists and

Scientists henceforth became irreconcilable enemies and could not make common

cause against Hitler.

(vi) There was economic crisis of 1923. Prices of goods soared. The crisis came to be

known as hyperinflation, a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.

(vii) Politically too, the Weimar Republic was fragile. System of proportionate

representation and Article 48 which gave President the powers to impose emergency,

suspend civil rights and rule by decree. The Weimer Republic saw twenty different

cabinets lasting on an average 239 days, and a liberal use of Article 48.

50. A. In summer ,the mercuary occasionally touches in some part of Rajasthan

Desert.

B. It reaches around in Pahalagam in Jammu and Kashmir.

C. On winter night's temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as

D. On the other hand, Trivavathapuram may touch the temperature of .

E.In certain places there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures. In

the Thar Desert the day temperature may rise to 50°C, and drop down to near 15°C the

same night. On the other hand,there is hardly any difference in day and night

temperatures in the Andaman and Nicobar islands or in Kerala.

F. The coastal areas experiences less contrasts in temperature conditions. There are

many seasonal contrasts existing in the interior of the country.

OR

S.No. S.W. Monsoons N.E. Monsoons

They blow from south-west to They blow from north-east to south-west

1.
north-​east from June to September. from the month of Dec, Jan and Feb.

These are onshore humid winds These are offshore dry winds because they
2.
because they blow from sea to land. blow from land to sea.

These are warm winds as they come

3. They are rather cool winds.
from lower latitudes near equator.

These warm and humid winds cause These cold and dry offshore winds give no
4.

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 widespread rainfall. rains to India except Coromandel coast.

These winds are known for their

5. They do not suffer from the vagaries.
vagaries or uncertainties.

51. (i) The Cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people.

(ii) In Delhi, ‘Mother-Dairy’ is making efforts to sell milk, milk products and vegetables

at controlled rates.

(iii) Amul is another cooperative in milk and milk products in Gujarat. It has brought

about the ‘White Revolution’ in the country.

(iv) In Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science (ADS) has a network of NGOs

for setting up grain banks in different regions. They organise training and capacity

building programmes on food security for NGOs. Grain banks are now slowly taking

shape in different parts of Maharashtra.

(v) There are many more cooperatives running in different parts of the country,

ensuring food security for different sections of the society.

OR

A. PDS dealers are found restoring to malpractices like selling the grains to the open

market to get the better margins.

B. Sometimes they sell poor quality grains at ration shops.

C. They open their shops irregularly without considering the problems poor people.

D. Ration shops regularly have unsold stocks of poor quality grains left.

E. When ration shops are unable to sell, a massive stock of food grain piles up the

Food Corporation of India.

F. FCI go-downs are over flowing with grains, with some rotting away and some being

eaten by rats and insects.

G. There is a very little difference between the prices of goods sold at the ration shops

and at the shops of market.

52. (i) The Kalangs of Java were skilled forest cutters and they practised shifting

cultivation.

(ii) They were so valuable that when the kingdom of Java split, the Kalang families

were equally divided between two kingdoms.

(iii) Without them, it was difficult to harvest teak and build kings' palaces.

(iv) The Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under them.

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 (v) In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking a Dutch fort but they were suppressed.

OR

A. Massai groups were forced to live in the confines of special reserves.

B. The boundaries of these reserves became the limits with which they could now

move.

C. They were not allowed to move out with their stock without special passes.

D. It was very difficult to get permits without trouble and harassment.

E. Those who found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished.

OR

There is no doubt that human needs to respect the ecological conditions of each

region because if environment is not taken care of, it can lead to a disaster.

(i) Before the arrival of white settlers most of the landscape of America was under

forest cover or Prairies.

(ii) The new arrivals i.e. white settlers started converting these Prairies or forest into

cultivable fields.

(iii) When wheat cultivation had expanded dramatically in the early twentieth

century, zealous farmers had recklessly uprooted all vegetation, and tractors had

turned the soil over, and broken the sod into dust. When the wind blew with ferocious

speed the whole region became a dust bowl. The American dream of a land of plenty

had turned into a nightmare.

The settlers had thought that they could conquer the entire landscape, turn all land

over to growing crops that could yield profits. After the 1930s, they realized that they

had to respect the ecological conditions of each region.

53. A. Awareness spread by media and newspaper was also responsible for the decline in

the growth rate of population.

B. Spread of education to the girl child was also a reason. Due to it women also

become aware about the drawbacks and expenditure of large family.

C. Women also start working in the different field of life and now they realized that

giving birth to more children is also harmful for health.

D. Now, People are literate and they are aware about the family planning

programmes.

E. Literacy rate was also very high.

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 F. Early marriage of girls and boys was banned now and age of marriage was fixed by

the government.

54. Functions of the Election Commission of India:

(i) Allotment of Election Symbols: The political parties of national standing are

allotted permanent election symbols. These symbols help even an ordinary man to

recognise the different parties instantly.

(ii) Preparation of Electoral Rolls: Electoral Rolls are prepared in which the name,

father’s name, age and sex of the voters are clearly mentioned.

(iii) Delimitation of Constituencies: The whole area where elections are held, is

divided into so many clear-cut constituencies, so that elections are held in an

organised way.

(iv) Fixing the Election Dates: The Election date is announced so that the voters

could easily cast their votes on that particular date.

(v) Scrutiny (careful examination) of Nomination Papers: The candidates willing to

contest the elections have to file the nominations up to a particular date. Then the

Election Commission scrutinizes their papers and accepts or rejects the nomination

papers as the case may be.

(vi) Checking Undue Interference of the Party-in-Power:Important duty of the

Election Commission is to see that the party in power does in no way take an

advantage over other parties or individuals.

Section D

55.

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56.

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57.

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58.

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59.

60.

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61.

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62.

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63.

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64.

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