Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1
Martin Abraham Mejia
P E R S O N A L D E V E L O P M E N T
Physical Development
 Physical development refers to the
physical and biological changes that
occur in humans between birth and
adolescence.1 As a child grows and
changes, he increases his ability to
explore and interact with the world
around him.
 Most girls have completed the physical
changes related to puberty by age 15.
 Boys are still maturing and gaining
strength , muscle mass, and height and
are completing the development of
sexual traits.
Emotional Development
 Emergence of the experience,
expression, understanding, and
regulation of emotions from birth and
the growth and change in these
capacities throughout childhood,
adolescence, and adulthood.
 Occurs in conjunction with neural,
cognitive, and behavioral development
and emerges within a social and cultural
context.
Social Development
 Social development is about improving
the well-being of every individual in
society, so they can reach their full
potential. The success of society is
linked to the well-being of each and
every citizen.
 Social development means investing in
people. It requires the removal of
barriers so that all citizens can journey
toward their dreams with confidence and
dignity. It is about refusing to accept
that people who live in poverty will
always be poor. It is about helping
people, so they can move forward on
their path to self-sufficiency.
Cognitive Development
 Cognitive development is a field of
study in neuroscience and psychology
focusing on a child's development in
terms of information processing,
conceptual resources, perceptual skill,
language learning, and other aspects of
the developed adult brain and cognitive
psychology. Qualitative differences
Mr.
R E V I E W E R
between how a child processes its
waking experience and how an adult
process his/her waking experience are
acknowledged.
 Cognitive development is defined in
adult terms as the emergence of ability
to consciously cognize and consciously
understand and articulate their
understanding. From an adult point of
view, cognitive development can also be
called intellectual development.
Stress
 Stress is your body's way of responding
to any kind of demand. It can be caused
by both good and bad experiences.
When people feel stressed by something
going on around them, their bodies react
by releasing chemicals into the blood.
These chemicals give people more
energy and strength, which can be a
good thing if their stress is caused by
physical danger. But this can also be a
bad thing, if their stress is in response to
something emotional and there is no
outlet for this extra energy and strength.
This class will discuss different causes
of stress, how stress affects you, the
difference between 'good' or 'positive'
stress and 'bad' or 'negative' stress, and
some common facts about how stress
affects people today.
Causes and Effects of Stress
*Anxiety *Desperation
*Pressure *Tension
*Misery *Anger
*Strain *Dejection
*Panic
Causes of Personal Stress
 Sometimes people may suffer from
stress that isn't caused by work-related
issues but instead has an external cause
from their personal life.
Common external causes of stress include:
 relationship difficulties or a divorce
 serious illness in the family
Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia

 caring for dependants such as children Emotional Symptoms

or elderly relatives  Moodiness
 bereavement  Irritability or short temper
 moving house  Agitation , inability to relax
 debt problems  Feeling overwhelmed
 Sense of loneliness and isolation
Stress Response  Depression or general unhappiness
Your stress response is the collection of
physiological changes that occur when you face Factors that influence your stress tolerance
a perceived threat – when you face situations  Your support network – social
where you feel the demands outweigh your engagement
resources to successfully cope.  Your exercise levels – physical and
mental health are intrinsically linked
Immobilization  Your diet – the food you can eat also
This is the least evolved response to stress and have a profound effect on your mood
used by the body only when social engagement and how you wel you cope with life’s
and mobilization have failed. stressors.
 Your sense of control – it may be easier
Effects of Stress Overload to take stress in your side if you have
The body’s autonomic nervous system often confidence in yourself and your ability
does a poor job of distinguishing between daily to influence events and persevere
stressors and life threatening events. through challenges.
 Your attitude and outlook – optimistic
Behavioral Symptoms people are often more stress-hardy.
 Eating more or less
 Your ability to deal with your emotions
 Sleeping too much or too little – your extremely vulnerable to stress if
 Isolating yourself from others you don’t know how to calm and soothe
 Procrastinating or neglecting yourself when you’re feeling sad angry.
responsibilities  Your knowledge and preparation – the
 Using alcohol, drugs, cigarettes to relax more you know about a stressful
 Nervous habits (ex. Nail biting, paicing) situation including how long it will last
and what to expect.
Physical Symptoms
 Aches and pains Powers of the mind
 Diarrhea or constipation  Our brains have hidden depths. Whether
 Nausea, dizziness it’s psychological tricks that change our
 Chest pain , rapid heartbeat long-term behaviors, or the strange
 Loss of sex drive healing powers of placebo and hypnosis
 Frequent colds our minds are surprisingly open to
manipulations that can change us for the
Cognitive Symptoms better.
 Memory problems
 Inability to concentrate Brain Theory
 Poor adjustment  In the mid-1800’s, Paul Broca proposed
 Seeing only the negative the classic hemispheric dominance
 Anxious or racing thoughts theory that particular characteristics
 Constant worrying were associated with each side of the
brain. Initially, researchers believed the
left side of the brain had the higher
faculties and was more dominant.
Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia

 By the late 1800’s, John Jackson was

questioning the left brain dominant
theory. He considered the right brain to
be the “neglected hemisphere”. During
the early 1900’s Wilder Penfield
pioneered the use of direct electrical
stimulation on certain areas of the brains
during surgery.
 Brain theory research made tremendous
strides during the 1950’s when Roger
Sperry at the California Institute of
Technology was able to sever the corpus
callosum, the nerve fibers between the
two cerebral hemispheres, and study
each of the hemispheres in isolation.
His split-brain theory research, for
which he received the Nobel Prize in
1981, established that the two
hemispheres of the brain process
information differently. Individuals do
Mental Health and Well-being in middle and
not learn with only one hemisphere, but
late adolescence.
there may be a preference for one or the
other processing strategies.
Ten things you can do for your mental health
Characteristics of the left hemisphere include
you are here
verbal, sequential, and analytical abilities.
Dominant functions of the right hemisphere are
1. Value yourself
global, holistic, and visual-spatial.
Self-value is more behavioral than emotional,
more about how you act toward what you value,
including yourself, than how you feel about
yourself compared to others. It necessarily
includes self-care.

2. Take care of your body

You only get one body in this life, so you need
to look after it. Advice about caring for your
body is conflicting and often confusing, hence
it’s sometimes hard to know what’s best. Many
people abandon any effort to take care of
themselves because it’s just too difficult.

3. Surround yourself with good people

Adolescent Brain Development
The brain develops very rapidly in the first 3-5
years of life, and all the structure and building
blocks are present by the age of 9. The different
centers of the brain develop and become
functionally connected over time. The last part
to mature is the pre-frontal lobe. This happens
during adolescence.
People have a huge impact on your life. Good
people aren’t saints, or at least they don’t have to
be. They might spend their winter holidays
helping starving children in Africa, or they may
simply encourage you to hit the gym more. The
good people you’re looking for are positive,
happy people that enrich your life. They can be:
*Family members
*Friends
Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1
4. Give yourself
When people experience a setback at work—
whether it’s a bad sales quarter, being
overlooked for a promotion, or an interpersonal
conflict with a colleague—it’s common to
respond in one of two ways. Either we become
defensive and blame others, or we berate
ourselves. Unfortunately, neither response is
especially helpful. Shirking responsibility by
getting defensive may alleviate the sting of
failure, but it comes at the expense of learning.
Self-flagellation, on the other hand, may feel
warranted in the moment, but it can lead to an
inaccurately gloomy assessment of one’s
potential, which undermines personal
development.
5. Learn on how to deal with stress
The first step in managing stress is recognizing it
in your life. Everyone feels stress in a different
way. Also identify the situations that cause you
stress. These are called stressors. Your stressors
could be family, work, relationships, money, or
health problems. Once you understand where
your stress is coming from, you can come up
with ways to deal with your stressors.
6. Quite your mind
Meditating. It’s one of those things that we all
know we’d be better off doing, but most of us
struggle with it immensely. It’s difficult. It’s
hard to find the time. And it often doesn’t seem
like it’s working. For many years, I’ve tried to
make meditation a regular habit. But rarely can I
do it consistently. It’s almost always the first
thing to go when I’m crunched for time or
feeling stressed. Of course, those are the times
that meditation is best!
7. Set realistic goals
Decide what you want to achieve academically.,
professionally, and personally and write down
the steps you need to realize your goals.
8. Break up the monotony
Although our routines makes us more efficient
and enhance our feelings of security and safety.
9. Avoid alcohol and other drugs
Keep alcohol use to a minimum amd avoid other
drugs.
Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
10. Get help when you need it
Seeking help is a sight of strength not weakness.
Teen Personality Disorder
 Those with Teen Personality Disorder
have a rigid, unhealthy way of thinking,
behaving, and relating to people and
situations, including themselves. These
teen’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
are eccentric from social expectations
and appropriateness and because of that,
often cause friction and limitations in
relationships as well as responsibilities.
Because the teens aren’t necessarily
aware that their thoughts and behaviors
are askew, they may not be aware and/or
believe that they have a Personality
Disorder.
What it looks like
There are several different types of Personality
Disorders, which include specific symptoms, but
there are some common symptoms that are
present amidst all Personality Disorders. These
symptoms include, but are not limited to:
 Extreme and frequent mood swings
 Difficulty in relationships
 Unpredictable behavior
 A need for immediate gratification
 Inability to control impulses
 Substance Abuse issues
One person may meet the criteria for several
different types of personality disorder, while a
wide range of people may fit the criteria for the
same disorder, despite having very different
personalities.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Find it very difficult to trust other
people, believing they will use you, or
take advantage of you
 Find it hard to confide in people, even
your friends
 Watch others closely, looking for signs
of betrayal or hostility
 Suspect that your partner is being
unfaithful, with no evidence
Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1
 Read threats and danger – which others
don’t see – into everyday situations
Schizoid Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Be uninterested in forming close
relationships with other people including
your family
 Feel that relationships interfere with
your freedom and tend to cause
problems
 Prefer to be alone with your own
thoughts
 Choose to live your life without
interference from others
 Get little pleasure from life
 Have little interest in sex or intimacy
 Be emotionally cold towards others
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Find making close relationships
extremely difficult
 Think and express yourself in ways that
others find ‘odd’, using unusual words
or phrases
 Behave in ways that others find
eccentric
 Believe that you can read minds or that
you have special powers such as a ‘sixth
sense’
 Feel anxious and tense with others who
do not share these beliefs
 Feel very anxious and paranoid in social
situations
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
 Act impulsively and recklessly, often
without considering the consequences
for yourself or for other people
 Behave dangerously and sometimes
illegally
 Behave in ways that are unpleasant for
others
 Do things – even though they may hurt
people – to get what you want, putting
your needs above theirs
 Feel no sense of guilt if you have
mistreated others
Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
 Be irritable and aggressive and get into
fights easily
 Be very easily bored and you may find it
difficult to hold down a job for long
 Believe that only the strongest survive
and that you must do whatever it takes
to lead a successful life, because if you
don’t grab opportunities, others will
 Have a criminal record
 Have had a diagnosis of conduct
disorder before the age of 15
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
You are likely to:
 Feel that you don’t have a strong sense
of who you really are, and others may
describe you as very changeable
 Suffer from mood swings, switching
from one intense emotion to another
very quickly, often with angry outbursts
 Have brief psychotic episodes, hearing
voices or seeing things that others don’t
 Do things on impulse, which you later
regret
 Have episodes of harming yourself, and
think about taking your own life
 Be irritable and aggressive and get into
fights easily
 Have a history of stormy or broken
relationships
 Tend to cling on to very damaging
relationships, because you are terrified
of being alone
 The term ‘borderline’ is difficult to
make sense of, and some people prefer
the term ‘emotionally unstable
personality disorder’ or ‘emotional
instability disorder’, which is sometimes
used in place of ‘borderline personality
disorder’. (Also see information about
borderline personality disorder.)
Histrionic Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Feel very uncomfortable if you are not
the center of attention
 Feel much more at ease as the ‘life and
soul of the party’
 Feel that you have to entertain people
Jamaela P. Villamor
 Flirt or behave provocatively to ensure
that you remain the center of attention
 Get a reputation for being dramatic and
overemotional
 Feel dependent on the approval of others
 Be easily influenced by others
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Believe that there are special reasons
that make you different, better or more
deserving than others
 Have fragile self-esteem, so that you
rely on others to recognize your worth
and your needs
 Feel upset if others ignore you and don’t
give you what you feel you deserve
 Resent other people’s successes
 Put your own needs above other
people’s, and demand they do too
 Be seen as selfish and ‘above yourself’
 Take advantage of other people
Avoidant/Anxious Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Avoid work or social activities that
mean you must be with others
 Expect disapproval and criticism and be
very sensitive to it
 Worry constantly about being ‘found
out’ and rejected
 Worry about being ridiculed or shamed
by others
 Avoid relationships, friendships and
intimacy because you fear rejection
 Feel lonely and isolated, and inferior to
others
 Be reluctant to try new activities in case
you embarrass yourself
Dependent Personality Disorder
You are likely to:
 Feel needy, weak and unable to make
decisions or function properly without
help or support
 Allow others to assume responsibility
for many areas of your life
11-STEM 1 Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
 Agree to things you feel are wrong or
you dislike avoiding being alone or
losing someone's support
 Be afraid of being left to fend for
yourself
 Have low self-confidence
 See other people as being much more
capable than you are
 Be seen by others as much too
submissive and passive
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
(OCPD)
You are likely to:
 Need to keep everything in order and
under control
 Set unrealistically high standards for
yourself and others
 Think yours is the best way of making
things happen
 Worry when you or others might make
mistakes
 Expect catastrophes if things aren’t
perfect
 Be reluctant to spend money on yourself
or others
 Tend to hang on to items with no
obvious value
 OCPD is separate from obsessive
compulsive disorder (OCD), which
describes a form of behavior rather than
a type of personality. (See information
about obsessive-compulsive disorder.)
It’s also important to note that it’s common for
Personality Disorders to exist as Co-Occurring
Disorders, along with Disorders such as
Depression, Anxiety, and Substance Abuse.
Treatment
Because Personality Disorders are primarily
connected to teen’s thoughts and behaviors,
treatment is designed to address both of these
things.
Therapists first people to become aware of their
thoughts and behaviors, creating an awareness
from which changes can be made. Then, they
help the teens to understand the effects that their
behaviors have, both in their own lives, and in
the lives of others. Therapists can then also
begin working with the teens to change those
Jamaela P. Villamor 11-STEM 1
compulsive behaviors and bring about an
awareness to their actions, as well as introducing
healthy behaviors and practices that will help the
teens grow. Therapists also help the teens to gain
an ability to deal with stress and conflicts in
their lives in healthy ways, so that they can learn
to react intentionally and with control.
There are many different conditions that are
recognized as mental illness. The more
common types include;
Anxiety Disorder
Mood Disorder
Psychotic Disorders
Eating Disorders
Impulse control and addiction disorder
Personality disorders
Obsessive – compulsive disorder
Other, less common types of mental illness
include;
Stress response syndromes
Dissociative disorders
Factitious disorders
Sexual and gender disorders
Somatic symptoms disorders
Tic disorders
Mind mapping for negation
A mind map is a graphical way to represent
ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool
that helps structuring information, helping you
to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall
and generate new ideas. Just as in every great
idea, its power lies in its simplicity.
In a mind map, as opposed to traditional note
taking or a linear text, information is structured
in a way that resembles much more closely how
your brain actually works. Since it is an activity
that is both analytical and artistic, it engages
your brain in a much, much richer way, helping
in all its cognitive functions. And, best of all, it
is fun!
Emotional Intelligence
Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence
 Self-Awareness
 Self-Regulation
 Motivation
Mr. Martin Abraham Mejia
 Empathy
 Social Skills
*Children who develop social and emotional
skills have better attitudes about themselves and
others, and better social interactions.
*Children with strong social and emotional
skills are less aggressive, can handle difficult
emotions, and they have lower levels of
emotional distress.
*Students who receive Social and Emotional
Learning (SEL) instruction improve an average
11 percentile points on standardized
achievement tests compared to students who do
not receive such instruction.
*We can successfully create conditions in
schools, communities and families that build the
capacity of children to recognize their emotions,
to understand and empathize with others, and to
make constructive choices.
*We can foster positive human qualities such as
compassion, empathy and confidence, and we
can help children manage difficult emotions
such as fear, hatred, anger, and anxiety.
Five Domains of Heart Mind and Well Being
The Index measures Heart-Mind well-being
according to five positive human qualities,
which are anchored in evidence-based research
related to the social and emotional development
of children.
 GETS ALONG WITH OTHERS - the
ability to form positive and healthy
relationships with peers and adults.
 COMPASSIONATE AND KIND - the
ability to be aware of other people's
emotions and a desire to help when a
person is in need.
 SOLVES PROBLEMS PEACEFULLY
- the ability to behave in a peaceful and
respectful way in a variety of situations
and relationships.
 SECURE AND CALM - the ability to
take part in daily activities and approach
new situations without being
overwhelmed with worries, sadness or
anxiety.
 ALERT AND ENGAGED - the ability
to stay calm, focused and alert; to
demonstrate self-control and to slow
down and think before acting.