Practice PDF

GEOM_3e_ExPrac_716-739 10/26/05 6:57 PM Page 716
page 716 Chapter 1 Extra Chapter

Practice
1 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
7.
Lesson 1-1
8.
Find the next two terms in each sequence.
1. 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, c 37, 42 2. 1, 1.1, 1.11, 1.111, 1.1111, c 1.11111, 1.111111
8
13. 3. 5000, 1000, 200, 40, c 8, 5 4. 1, 12, 123, 1234, c 12,345, 123,456
5. 3, 0.3, 0.03, 0.003, c 6. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, c 36, 49
0.0003, 0.00003
Draw the next figure in each sequence.
7. 8.
Fro ht 7–8. See margin.

nt Rig
Top Lesson 1-2
Name the space figure that can be formed by folding each net.
9. 10. 11. 12.
Front Right cube triangular prism cylinder

rectangular prism
Make (a) an isometric drawing and (b) an orthographic drawing for each
14.
foundation drawing. 13–16. See margin.
13. 14. 15. 16.
4 1 3 3 4 3 1 2
Right
Right
Right
Right
1 1 2 2 3 1
Fro ht Front Front Front Front
Top
nt Rig
17. You can cut four of the lettered squares from the figure
A B C
at the right and fold the remaining net to make a box
that is open at one end. Write the letters of the squares D E F
you could remove to do this. List all the possibilities.
A, C, G, I; D, G, F, I; A, B, G, H; A, D, C, F; B, C, H, I; C, F, D, G; A, B, H, I G H I
Front Right Lessons 1-3 and 1-4
Write true or false.
15. * ) * ) D
18. A, D, F are coplanar. true 19. AC and FE are coplanar. false
20. A, B, E are coplanar. true 21. D, A, B, E are coplanar. true A
* ) * ) F E
22. FC 6 EF false 23. plane ABC 6 plane FDE true
* ) * ) * ) * )
24. BC and DF are skew lines. true 25. AD and EB are skew lines. false C B
* ) * )
Fro ht
26. DE 6 CF false 27. D, E, and B are collinear. false
Top
nt Rig
28. How many sets of four collinear points are there in a 4-by-4 geoboard as
pictured at the right? 10 sets
)
29. AB and CD do not intersect but DC intersects AB in one point. Make a
sketch that shows this. See margin.
Front Right 716 Chapter 1 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
16. 29. Sample:

B
D C
Front Right A
Fro ht
716
nt Rig
Top
page 717 Chapter 1 Extra
Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Practice

Lessons 1-5 and 1-6
Use the figure at the right for Exercises 30–35. 38.
30. If BC = 12 and CE = 15, then BE = j. 27 G A
31. j is the angle bisector of j. CG, lBCA H
x 32. Algebra BC = 3x + 2 and CD = 5x - 10. Solve for x. 6
2
B C D E 1
2
x 33. Algebra If AC = 5x - 16 and CF = 2x - 4, then AF = j. 8
2
F A
34. m&BCG = 60, m&GCA = j, and m&BCA = j. 60, 120
39.
35. m&ACD = 60 and m&DCH = 20. Find m&HCA. 40 P
(7x 4)
x 2 36. Algebra In the figure at the right, m&PQR = 4x + 47. Find m&PQS. 31 S
x 2 37. Algebra Points A, B, and C are collinear with B between A and C. A B
AB = 4x - 1, BC = 2x + 1, and AC = 8x - 4. Find AB, BC, 36
and AC. 7, 5, 12 Q
R
Lesson 1-7 40.

Make a diagram larger than the given one. Then do the construction.
38–41.
38. Construct &A so that m&A = m&1 + m&2. A B
See margin.
39. Construct the perpendicular bisector of AB. C
D
40. Construct the angle bisector of &1. 1 2
41. Construct FG so that FG = AB + CD.
41.
Lesson 1-8 F G
(a) Find the distance between the points to the nearest tenth.
(b) Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segments with the given endpoints.
42. A(2, 1), B(3, 0) 1.4; (52 , 12 ) 43. R(5, 2), S(-2, 4) 7.3; ( 32 , 3)
44. Q(-7, -4), T(6, 10) 19.1; (–12 , 3) 45. C(-8, -1), D(-5, -11) 10.4; (–13
2 , –6)
46. J(0, -5), N(3, 4) 9.5; (23 , –12 ) 47. Y(-2, 8), Z(3, -5) 13.9; ( 12 , 32 )
48. A map of a city and suburbs shows an airport located at A(25, 11).
An ambulance is on a straight expressway headed from the airport to Grant
Hospital at G(1, 1). The ambulance gets a flat tire at the midpoint M of AG.
As a result, the ambulance crew calls for helicopter assistance.
a. What are the coordinates of point M? (13, 6)
b. How far does the helicopter have to fly to get from M to G? Assume all
coordinates are in miles. 13 mi
Lesson 1-9
Find the perimeter (or circumference) and area of each figure.
49. 14 in. 50. 1 cm 10 cm, 5 cm2 51. 52.
3m
7 in.
3 cm 4 in.
2 cm
9
42 in., 98 in.2 3π m, 4π m2
2 cm
(12 ± 2π) in., (16 ± 2π) in.2
Chapter 1 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 717
717
Chapter
Practice 2 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
1. Hyp: You can predict
the future. Lessons 2-1 and 2-2
Concl: You can control
the future. For Exercises 1–3, identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional.
1-3. See margin.
2. Hyp: Dan is nearsighted. 1. If you can predict the future, then you can control the future.
Concl: Dan needs 2. If Dan is nearsighted, then Dan needs glasses.
glasses.
3. If lines k and m are skew, then lines k and m are not perpendicular.
3. Hyp: Lines k and m are
skew. 4. Write the converse of each statement in Exercises 1–3. See margin.
Concl: Lines k and m
are not perpendicular. For each of the statements, write the conditional form and then the converse of the
4. If you can control the conditional. If the converse is true, combine the statements as a biconditional.
5-9. See margin.
future, then you can 5. The number one is the smallest positive square.
predict the future.
If Dan needs glasses, 6. Rectangles have four sides.
then Dan is nearsighted. 7. A square with area 100 m2 has sides that measure 10 m.
If lines k and m are not
perpendicular, then 8. Two numbers that add up to be less than 12 have a product less than 37.
lines k and m are skew. 9. Three points on the same line are collinear.
5. If a number is one, then
it is the smallest Lesson 2-2
positive square. If a Is each statement a good definition? If not, find a counterexample.
number is the smallest
positive square, then it 10. A real number is an even number if its last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
No; the real number must be an integer.
is one. A number is one 11. A circle with center O and radius r is defined by the set of points in a plane a
if and only if it is the distance r from the point O. yes
smallest positive
square. 12. A plane is defined by two lines. No; two skew lines are a counterexample.
6. If a figure is a rectangle, 13. Segments with the same length are congruent. yes
then it has four sides. If
For Exercises 14 and 15, write the two statements that form each biconditional. Tell
a figure has four sides,
then it is a rectangle. whether each statement is true or false. 14-15. See margin.
14. Lines m and n are skew if and only if lines m and n do not intersect.
7. If a square has an area
of 100 m2, then it has 15. A person can be president of the United States if and only if the person is a
sides that measure 10 citizen of the United States.
m. If a square has sides
that measure 10 m, then Lesson 2-3
it has an area
Using the statements below, apply the Law of Detachment or the Law of Syllogism
of 100 m2. A square has
to draw a conclusion.
an area of 100 m2 if and
only if it has sides that 16. If Jorge can’t raise money, he can’t buy a new car. Jorge can’t raise money.
measure 10 m. Jorge can’t buy a new car.
17. If Shauna is early for her meeting, she will gain a promotion. If Shauna wakes
8. If two numbers add up up early, she will be early for her meeting. Shauna wakes up early. Shauna will gain a promotion.
to be less than 12, then
18. If Linda’s band wins the contest, they will win $500. If Linda practices, her band
their product is less
will win the contest. Linda practices. Linda’s band will win $500.
than 37. If two numbers
have a product that is 19. If Brendan learns the audition song, he will be selected for the chorus. If
less than 37, then they Brendan stays after school to practice, he will learn the audition song. Brendan
add up to be less than stays after school to practice. Brendan will be selected for the chorus.
12.
9. If three points are on 718 Chapter 2 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
the same line, then they
are collinear. If three
points are collinear, 14. If lines m and n are 15. If a person can be the person can be
then they are on the skew, then lines m and n president of the United president of the United
same line. Three points do not intersect; true. States, then the person States; false.
are collinear if and If lines m and n do not is a citizen of the United
only if they are on the intersect, then lines m States; true.
same line. and n are skew; false. If a person is a citizen of
718 the United States, then

For Exercises 20–23, apply the Law of Detachment, the Law of Syllogism, or both
Practice
to draw a conclusion. Tell which law(s) you used.
20. If you enjoy all foods, then you like cheese sandwiches. If you like cheese
25. The two angles
sandwiches, then you eat bread If you enjoy all foods, then you eat bread;
formed by the
Law of Syllogism. bisector have equal
21. If you go to a monster movie, then you will have a nightmare. You go to a measures, so
monster movie. You will have a nightmare; Law of Detachment.
4x ± 2 ≠ 6x – 10.
22. If Catherine is exceeding the speed limit, then she will get a speeding ticket.
Catherine is driving at 80 mi/h. If Catherine is driving at 80 mi/h, then she is 4x ± 12 ≠ 6x
exceeding the speed limit. Catherine will get a speeding ticket; both laws. Add. Prop. of ≠
23. If Carlos has more than $250, then he can afford the video game he wants. 12 ≠ 2x
If Carlos worked more than 20 hours last week, then he has more than $250. Subt. Prop. of ≠
If Carlos works 15 hours this week, then he worked more than 20 hours 6≠x
last week. If Carlos works 15 hours this week, then he can afford the Div. Prop. of ≠
video game that he wants; Law of Syllogism.
Lesson 2-4 29. l2 and l3 are vert.
ac
ls, so l2 O l3 by
x 2 24. Algebra You are given that 2c 2 = 2bc + 2 with c ≠ 0. Show that the Vert. ls Thm. l1
4b = 4c – a by filling in the blanks. and l2 are compl.
a. 2c 2 = 2bc + ac
2 a. Given and l3 and l4 are
compl. (Given), so l1
b. 4c 2 = 4bc + ac b. 9 and 9 Mult. Prop. of ≠, Distr. Prop. O l4 by the Cong.
c. 4c = 4b + a c. 9 and Distributive Property Mult. Prop. of ≠ Complements Thm.
From the diagram, l5
d. 9 4c – a ≠ 4b d. Subtraction Property and l1 are suppl. and
e. 4b = 4c - a e. 9 Symm. Prop. of ≠ l4 and l6 are suppl.
Therefore l5 O l6
x 2 25. Algebra Solve for x. Show your work. Justify each step. E (4 x 2) by the Cong.
) Supplements Thm.
Given: PF bisects &1. See margin. F
(6 x10)
30. Counterexample:
G E F
P
A C
Lesson 2-5
x 2 Algebra Find the value of x. D
P
B
26. 27. 28.
24 15 25
(3x 14) (2x 10) 2x
2x (5x 5)
4x
29. Given: &1 and &2 are complementary.

&3 and &4 are complementary.
51 2 3
Prove: &5 _ &6 See margin. 46
30. Prove or disprove the following statement.

If &APB and &CPD are vertical angles, &APB and &APE are
complementary, and &CPD and &CPF are complementary, then &APE and
&CPF are vertical angles. See margin.
719

Practice
1. ml1 ≠ 134; Same-Side 3 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
Int. ' Thm.
ml2 ≠ 46; Alt. Int. l Lesson 3-1
Thm.
Find ml1 and then ml2. State the theorems or postulates that justify your
2. ml1 ≠ 125; Corr. ' answers. 1–4. See margin.
Post.
ml2 ≠ 55; Same-Side 1. 2. 125 3. 4.
Int. ' Thm. 1 2 2 2 64 1
1 58 1 2
3. ml1 ≠ 58; Alt. Int. l 46
Thm.
ml2 ≠ 122; Same-Side
Int. ' Thm. 5. Complete the proof. 1 , m a
4. ml1 ≠ 64; Alt. Int. l Given: / 6 m, a 6 b
2 3
Thm. 4 b
ml2 ≠ 116; Prove: &1 _ &5 5
Same-Side Int. ' Thm.
Statements Reasons
14. a # a and a n b means 1. / 6 m, a 6 b 1. Given
that a # b since a line # 2. &1 _ &2 a. __?__ Vert. ' Thm
to one of two || lines is 3. &2 and &3 are supplementary. b. __?__ Same-Side Int. ' Thm
# to the other (Thm 3- 4. &3 and&4 are supplementary. c. __?__ Same-Side Int. ' Thm
11). a # b and a n m 5. &2 _ &4 d. __?__ _ Supplements Thm
means that b # m for 6. &1 _ &4 e. __?__ Trans. Prop. of _
the same reason. 7. &4 _ &5 f. __?__ Vert. ' Thm
8. &1 _ &5 g. __?__ Trans. Prop. of _
Lessons 3-2 and 3-3

Refer to the diagram at the right. Use the given information to
determine which lines, if any, must be parallel. If any lines are
parallel, use a theorem or postulate to tell why. 1 5 9 13 c
2 6 10 14
6. &9 > &14 none 7. &1 > &9 r n s, Conv. of
Corr. ' Post. d
8. &2 is supplementary to &3. 9. &7 > &10 none 3 7 11 15
See right. 4 8 12 16
10. m&6 = 60, m&13 = 120 11. &4 > &13 none r s
See right.
12. &3 is supplementary to &10. 13. &10 > &15 8. c n d, Conv. of Same-
none c n d, Conv. of Alt. Int. ' Thm. Side Int. ' Thm.
14. Given: / 6 m, a 6 b, a # / a
, 10. r n s, Vert. ' Thm. and Conv.
Prove: a # b See margin. 1
b of Same-Side Int. ' Thm.
m 2 3 4
Lesson 3-4
Use a protractor and a centimeter ruler to measure the angles and the sides of each
triangle. Classify each triangle by its angles and sides.
15. 16. 17. 18.
right; scalene
obtuse; scalene obtuse; isosceles acute; isosceles
720 Chapter 3 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
720

F Practice

19. Use the figure at the right. * ) * ) a 4 4
What is the relationship between BC and DF ? 19. BC n DF; by the Ext.
A C b
Justify your answer. See margin. a D E lThm, mlBCD ≠ a ±
b and mlCDF ≠ a ±
b b. Thus, mlBCD ≠
B mlCDF by the Trans.
Lessons 3-4 and 3-5 4 4
Prop. of ≠. BC n DF by
x 2 Algebra Find the value of each variable. the Converse of the
Alt. Int. ' Thm.
20. 21. 22. 23. z
106
54 100 65
x 26. y – 2 ≠ –52 (x – 4) or
94 (x 5) (x 8)
130 2x 4y (x 3) 45 70 78
y y ± 3 ≠ –25 (x – 6)
135 x 90
x ≠ 25; y ≠ 19 27. y ± 1 ≠ (x ± 1) or
2
x ≠ 110; y ≠ 102; z ≠ 82 y – 1 ≠ (x – 1)
x Algebra Find the missing angle measures.
28. y ± 5 ≠ –1(x – 3) or
24. 125 x 25. x x y – 3 ≠ –1(x ± 5)
(x 6) 29. y ≠ –15 (x – 5) or
x 125
x x y – 2 ≠ –15 (x ± 5)
55, 55
122, 122, 122, 122, 116, 116 43.
Lessons 3-6
a a
Write an equation in point-slope form of the line that contains the given points. 26–29. See margin.
a a
26. A(4, 2), B(6, -3) 27. C(-1, -1), D(1, 1) 28. F(3, -5), G(-5, 3) 29. K(5, 0), L(-5, 2)
a a
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line through the given points.
30. H(2, 7), J(-3, 1) 31. M(-2, 4), N(5, -8) 32. P(0, 2), Q(6, 8) 33. K(5, 0), L(-5, 2) 44. b b
y56 5x 1 5
23
y 5 2 12 4 y5x12 y 5 21
7x17 5x 1 1
Lessons 3-6 and 3-7
b b
Graph each pair of lines and state whether they are parallel, perpendicular, or
neither. Explain. neither; not same slope and m1 ? m2 u –1
45.
34. y = 4x - 8 35. 13y - x = 7 36. y = 243 x+2 37. 53 y = -x + 32
y
y = 4x - 2 7-2 = x 4
3y = x - 1 3x - 15
3y=0 a a
n; same slope #; m1 ? m2 ≠ –1 #; m1 ? m2 ≠ –1
Without graphing, tell whether the lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither. b
Explain.
38. 2x + 3y = 5 39. y = -2x + 7 40. 5x - 3y = 0 41. y = 3y + 8
5x - 10y = 30 x - 2y = 8 y = 53x + 2 x = 3x + 8
neither perpendicular parallel perpendicular
42. On a city map, Washington Street is straight and passes through points at (7, 13)
and (1, 5). Wellington Street is straight and passes through points at (3, 24) and
(9, 32). Do Washington Street and Wellington Street intersect? How do you know?
No; the slopes of the lines are equal and the y-intercepts are different
Lesson 3-8
Use the segments for each construction.
43. Construct a square with side length 2a. 43–45. See margin. a
44. Construct a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides each of length 2b. b
45. Construct a rectangle with sides b and a.
721
Chapter
9. Yes; corr. sides and
corr. ' are O. Lesson 4-1
10. No; the only known corr. kSAT O kGRE. Complete each congruence statement.
O part is UV .
1. &S > 9 lG 2. GR > 9 SA 3. &E > 9 lT S G
11. Yes; corr. sides and
corr. ' are O. 4. AT > 9 RE 5. #ERG > 9 6. EG > 9 TS
kTAS
12. Yes; corr. sides and 7. #REG > 9 8. &R > 9 lA T A R E
corr. ' are O. kATS
State whether the figures are congruent. Justify each answer. 9–12. See margin.
13. lT O lS, lY O lW,
9. #ABF; #EDC 10. #TUV; #UVW 11. $XYZV; $UTZV 12. #ABD; #EDB
TY O SW ; ASA
B U W T U D E
14. EA O PL , AL O LA , E
lEAL O lPLA; SAS Y Z 4 4
15. not possible T V 120 60 A B

A F C D
16. CN O AO , NA O OC , X V
AC O CA ; SSS Lessons 4-2 and 4-3
17. ZP bisects XY means Where possible, explain how you would use SSS, SAS, ASA, or AAS to prove the
that XM O YM. It is triangles congruent. If not possible, write not possible. 13–20. See margin.
given that PX O PY ,
and PM O PM by the 13. N W 14. A P 15. P A 16. C O
Refl. Prop. of O. Thus, T
kPXM O kPYM by SSS
and lXPM O lYPM by E L
S L R
Def. of O. PZ O PZ by
the Refl. Prop. of O, so Y J N A
kPXZ O kPYZ by SAS.
17. Given: PX > PY, ZP bisects XY. 18. Given: &1 > &2, &3 > &4, PD > PC,
18. It is given that ml1 ≠ P is the midpoint of AB
ml2 and ml3 ≠ ml4. Prove: #PXZ > #PYZ
Prove: #ADP > #BCP
By the l Add. Post.,
mlDPA ≠ mlCPB. X D C
Since P is the midpt. of
AB, PA O PB. It is given P Z
M 1 2
that PD O PC, so kADP 3 4
O kBCP by SAS. Y A B
P
19. l1 O l2 is given. lABP
O lDCP by the O 19. Given: &1 > &2, &3 > &4, AP > DP 20. Given: MP 6 NS, RS 6 PQ, MR > NQ
Suppls. Thm. l3 O l4 Prove: #ABP > #DCP Prove: #MQP > #NRS
and AP O DP are given.
kABP O kDCP by AAS. B C S
A 3 1 2 4 D
20. MP n NS and RS n PQ M R 3 4
mean that l1 O l4 and 1 2 Q N
l2 O l3, respectively, P
by the Alt. Int. ' Thm. It P
is given that MR ≠ NQ,
so MR ± RQ ≠ NQ ±
RQ, or MQ ≠ NR, by the
Add. Prop. of ≠.
Therefore, kMQP O
kNRS by ASA.
722

Lesson 4-4
Practice
Explain how you would use SSS, SAS, ASA, or HL with CPCTC to prove each
statement. 21–25. See back of book. 29. PX O PY (Given)
means that l1 O l2
21. &MLN > &ONL 22. TO > ES 23. MB > RI by the Isos. k Thm.
L O O B R l3 O l4 by the O
Suppls. Thm. l5 O
T E l6 (Given), so kPXA
O kPYB by ASA. PA
M N S M I O PB by CPCTC and
kPAB is isos. by def.
24. Given: &1 > &2, &3 > &4, 25. Given: PO = QO, &1 > &2, of isos.
M is the midpoint of PR Prove: &A > &B 30. AP O BP and PC O
Prove: #PMQ > #RMQ PD (both given).
P
lAPC O lBPD as
P 1 vert. ', so kAPC O
3 1 O B kBPD by SAS. lACP
M 4 Q
S A 2 O lBDP because
2 Q CPCTC. lPCD O
R
lPDC by the Isos. k
Lesson 4-5 Thm. mlACP ±
2
mlPCD ≠ mlBDP ±
x Algebra Find the value of each variable. mlPDC by the Add.
26. x 27. x 28. Prop. of ≠, so
y
57
mlACD ≠ mlBDC
65 25
x z 135 by the l Add. Post.
and substitution. QD
y
x ≠ 45; y ≠ 90; z ≠ 45 O QC by the Conv. of
x ≠ 57; y ≠ 66
the Isos. k Thm., and
29. Given: &5 > &6, PX > PY 29–30. See margin. 30. Given: AP 6 BP, PC > PD kQCD is isos. by def.
Prove: #PAB is isosceles. Prove: #QCD is isosceles. of isos. k.
P Q
5 6 A B
3 1 2 4 P
A X Y B C D
Lessons 4-6 and 4-7

Name a pair of overlapping congruent triangles in each diagram. State whether the
triangles are congruent by SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, or HL.
31. A F 32. Q R 33. A M
L
G P N
kARO O kRAF; HL W
O
R O M S kAON O kMOP; AAS
kRQM O kQRS; SSS
34. Given: M is the midpoint of AB, 35. Given: #APQ > #BQP
MC # AC, MD # BD, &1 > &2 AP # PQ, BQ # PQ
Prove: #ACM > #BDM 34–35. See back of book. Prove: X is the midpoint of AQ.
C 1 2 D A B
3 4
X
5 6
A M B 1 2 Q
P
723

Practice
10. It is given that each of 5 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
A, B, and C is
equidistant from P and Lesson 5-1
Q. By the Conv. of the #
2
Bisector Thm, A, B, and x Algebra Find the value of x.
C are on the same line, 1. 2. 3. 4.
namely the # bisector 25 32 10
48 7 14 5
of PQ. 7
7x - 1 x
3x x
11. Since X is on the
bisector of lBCN and 48
the bisector of lCBM, ft
X is equidistant from 5. A sinkhole caused the sudden collapse of a large section of highway. 150
S S Highway safety investigators paced out the triangle shown in the figure t
the sides BM, BC, and 150 f
S to help them estimate the distance across the sinkhole. What is the
CN (l Bisector Thm). distance across the sinkhole? 140 ft 182 280 ft
Therefor X is equi- ft
S 182
distant from AM ft
S S Lessons 5-1 and 5-2
(containing BM) and AN
S x 2 Algebra Use the figure at the right. B
(containing CN), the E F
6. Find the value of x. 5 y+5 3y
sides of lA. By the
Conv. of the l Bisector 7. Find the length of AD. 7 A G C
Thm, X is on the 5 2x - 3 x+2
8. Find the value of y.
bisector of lA. 2 D
15
9. Find the length of EG. 2
)
10. Given: AP > AQ, BP > BQ, 10–11. See margin. 11. Given: CX bisects #BCN.
CP > CQ bisects #CBM.
Prove: A, B, and C are collinear. Prove: &A > &B
P M
B X
C B A
A
Q C N
12. Find an equation in slope-intercept form for the perpendicular bisector of the
segment with endpoints H(-3, 2) and K(7, -5). y 5 10 61
7 x 2 14
Lesson 5-3
Find the center of the circle that you can circumscribe about kABC.
13. A(2, 8) (1, 5) 14. A(-3, 6) (2, 2) 15. A(4, 3) (0, 0) 16. A(-10, -2) (–6, –6)
B(0, 8) B(-3, -2) B(-4, -3) B(-2, -2)
C(2, 2) C(7, 6) C(4, -3) C(-2, -10)
Is AB an angle bisector, altitude, median, or perpendicular bisector?

17. 18. A 19. A 20. B
B
altitude
A A
l bisector median B B # bisector
724

Practice

21. Find the center of the circle that you can circumscribe about
the triangle with vertices A(1, 3), B(5, 8), and C(6, 3). (3.5, 5.1) 23. Check students’
22. Tell which line contains each point for #ABC. work. The D should
m
a. the circumcenter line k B show three acute '.
b. the orthocenter line m
n The construction
c. the centroid line / should include
d. the incenter line n bisectors of at least
A k C , two of the '. The final
diagram should show
23. Draw an acute triangle and construct its inscribed circle. See margin. an incircle (tangent to
the three sides of the
Lesson 5-4 D).
Write (a) the inverse and (b) the contrapositive of each statement. 24–27. See margin. 24. a. If two ' are not
24. If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent. vert., then they are
not O.
25. If figures are similar, then their side lengths are proportional.
b. If two ' are not O,
26. If a car is blue, then it has no doors. then they are not
27. If a triangle is scalene, then it is not equiangular. vert.
25. a. If figures are not
28. Suppose you know that &A is an obtuse angle in #ABC. You want to prove
similar, then their
that &B is an acute angle. What assumption would you make to give an indirect
side lengths are not
proof? lB is not an acute angle. prop.
Write the first step of an indirect proof of each statement. b. If their side lengths
are not prop., then
29. #ABC is a right triangle. Assume kABC is not a right k.
figures are not
30. Points J, K, and L are collinear. Assume points J, K, and L are not collinear. similar.
31. Lines / and m are not parallel. Assume lines < and m are not n. 26. a. If a car is not blue,
then it has doors.
32. $XYZV is a square. Assume ~XYZV is not a square.
b. If a car has doors,
Lesson 5-5 then it is not blue.
List the sides of each triangle in order from shortest to longest. 27. a. If a triangle is not
33. 34. P B 35. Q 36. C scalene, then it is
N 53 equiangular.
CT , TA, CA
60 38 b. If a triangle is
46 equiangular, then it
82 44 J M D
R S 36 is not scalene.
MQ, QD, MD T
RN, RS, NS JB, PB, PJ A
Can a triangle have sides with the given lengths? Explain.
37. 2 in., 3 in., 5 in. No; 2 ± 3 w 5. 38. 9 cm, 11 cm, 15 cm 39. 8 ft, 9 ft, 18 ft
Yes; 9 ± 11 S 15. No; 8 ± 9 w 18.
40. In #PQR, m&P 55, m&Q = 82, and m&R 43. List the sides of the triangle
in order from shortest to longest. PQ, QR, PR
41. In #MNS, MN 7, NS 5, and MS 9. List the angles of the triangle in order
from smallest to largest. lM, lS, lN
42. Two sides of a triangle have side lengths 8 units and 17 units. Describe the
lengths x that are possible for the third side. 9 R x R 25
725
Chapter
1. y
6 Lesson 6-1
A B
4 Graph the given points. Use slope and the Distance Formula to determine the most
D precise name for quadrilateral ABCD. 1–4. See margin.
2
1. A(3, 5), B(6, 5), C(2, 1), D(1, 3)
C x
O 2 4 6 2. A(-1, 1), B(3, -1), C(-1, -3), D(-5, -1)
trapezoid 3. A(2, 1), B(5, -1), C(4, -4), D(1, -2)
2. y 4. A(-4, 5), B(-1, 3), C(-3, 0), D(-6, 2)

A
x
2 O 4 Lesson 6-2
D B 2
2 x Algebra Find the values of the variables in each parallelogram.
C 5. y 6. (4x 5) 7. 3x 1 8. 2y 9
(y 10) y
rhombus 15
3x 1 5x 1
3. y
(2x 5)
A 8x 7x 5x
1
x (2y 5) y
y2
O 3 x ≠ 12; y ≠ 84 x ≠ 30; y ≠ 55
B x ≠ 8; y ≠ 25 x ≠ 1; y ≠ 7
D 9. Given: PQRS and QDCA Q R D
3
are parallelograms.
C
Prove: AP = BS A
B
C
parallelogram See margin.
P S
4. A y
10. Given: $ABCD B C
4 M is the midpoint of CD.
B P
2 Prove: PM 6 AD M
D
C x See margin.
A D
6 4 2 O
Lesson 6-3
square
Based on the markings, decide whether each figure must be a parallelogram.
9. Since PQRS is a ~, its
opp. sides are n, so PA n 11. 12. 13. 14.
SB and PS n QR. Since
QDCA is a ~, AB n QR. yes
no
Thus, PS n AB because yes
yes
two lines n to the same
15. Describe how you can use what you know about parallelograms to construct a
line are n. PABS is a ~ by
point halfway between a given pair of parallel lines. See margin.
def. of ~, and AP ≠ BS
since opp. sides of a ~ 16. Given: $ABCD B C
are O. BX # AC,
Y
DY # AC
10. The diagonals of a ~
X
bisect each other, so P is Prove: BXDY is a parallelogram.
See margin. A D
the midpt. of AC. P and M
are midpts. of two sides
of kACD so, by the k
Midseg. Thm, PM O AD.
15. Sample answer: Mark 726 Chapter 6 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
two O segments on each
of the two n lines. The
two segments are desired point halfway lCYD are rt. ' and has a pair of sides n and
opposite sides of a ~. between the || lines. therefore O. kAXB O O, so BXDY is a ~.
Construct (draw) the kCYD by AAS and BX O
diagonals of the ~. The 16. ABCD is a ~ (given), so
DY by CPCTC. Since BX
diagonals intersect at AB n DC and AB O DC.
# AC and DY # AC
their midpts., which is the lBAX O lDCY by the Alt.
(given), BX n DY . BXDY
Int. ' Thm. lAXB and
726

Lesson 6-4

Practice
For each parallelogram, determine the most precise name and find the measures of
the numbered angles. 18–20. See margin. 18. rhombus; ml1 ≠ 50,
17. 18. 19. 2 3 20. 3 ml2 ≠ 90, ml3 ≠ 40,
1 116 4
55 ml4 ≠ 40
4 2
2 3 1 19. ~; ml1 ≠ 45, ml2 ≠
50 1 4
2 80 1 45, ml3 ≠ 80, ml4
square; ml1 ≠ 45, ml2 ≠ 45 ≠ 55
20. rectangle; ml1 ≠
21. Use the information in the figure. Explain how 22. $ABCD is a rhombus. What is the relationship
116, ml2 ≠ 64, ml3
you know that ABCD is a rectangle. between &1 and &2? Explain.
≠ 32, ml4 ≠ 58
A B B 1 C
P K 21. By the Conv. of the
Isos. k Thm. and given
D C 2 that PA ≠ PB, it follows
A D that PD ≠ PA ≠ PB ≠
Lesson 6-5 PC. Thus, the diagonals
of ABCD bisect each
Find ml1 and ml2. other (so ABCD is a ~)
23. 24. 25. 26. and are O (by the Seg.
1 1 2 1
67 Add. Post.), so ABCD is
2 a rectangle.
2 1
110 2 70
110 22. l1 and l2 are compl.
ml1 ≠ 110, ml2 ≠ 25 ml1 ≠ 90, ml2 ≠ 23 ml1 ≠ 110, ml2 ≠ 70 The diags. of
ml1 ≠ 70, ml2 ≠ 70
27. Suppose you manipulate the figure so that #PAB, #PBC, B C
rhombus ABCD are #
and #PCD are congruent isosceles triangles with their and bisect each other
vertex angles at point P. What kind of figure is ABCD? A D so the 4 small ks are
Be sure to consider all the possibilities. O rt. ks. l1 and
ABCD is an isos. trap. except when mlAPB ≠ 90, lCBK are compl.,
and in that case it is a square. P and lCBK O l2, so
l1 and l2 are compl.
Lesson 6-6 32. Given: Square DRSQ
Give coordinates for points D and S without using any new variables. with K, L, M, N
midpts. of DR, RS,
28. rectangle 29. parallelogram 30. rhombus 31. square SQ, and QD,
y y y y
D
respectively. Prove:
(a, b) (c a, b) (0, b)
KLMN is a square.
D D
x (2a, 0) (2a, 0) y D (0, 2a)
D (c, 0) x
N (a, a) K (a, a)
O S x S (c, 0) x S S
Q (2a, 0) x
D(0, b); S(a, 0) D(0, b); S(–a, 0) D(0, 2a); S(0, –2a)
D(–c, 0); S(0, –b) O R (2a, 0)
Lesson 6-7
M (a, a) L(a, a)
32. For the figure in Exercise 31, use coordinate geometry to prove that the S (0, 2a)
midpoints of the sides of a square determine a square. See margin.
y
33. In the figure, #PQR is an isosceles triangle. Points M and N P (0, 2b) K(a, a), L(a, –a),
are the midpoints of PQ and PR, respectively. Give a M(–a, –a), and N(–a,
coordinate proof that the medians of isosceles a) are midpts. of the
triangle PQR intersect at H A 0, 23b B . See margin.
M N
H(0, 23b ) sides of the square
KL ≠ LM ≠ MN ≠ NK
Q(2a, 0) R(2a, 0) x ≠ 2a. The slopes of
KL and MN are
undefined. The slopes
Chapter 6 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 727 of LM and NK are 0,
so adj. sides are # to
each other. Since all
33. The line through R(–a, 0) For each line, when x ≠ ' are rt. ', the quad.
b
and M(–a, b) is y 5 23a 0, y 5 2b3 , so the three is a rectangle. A
(x 2 2a) . The line medians all contain point rectangle with all O
3 B.
HA0, 2b
through Q(–2a, 0) and sides is a square.
b
N(a, b) is y 5 3a (x 1 2a) .
727
Chapter

Lesson 7-1
2
x Algebra Solve each proportion.
x 10
1. 23 = 15 2. 49 = 16 6 2
3. x4 = 12
x 36
4. x2 = 93 6 5. 34 = x6 92 6. 37 = x9 21
Lesson 7-2
2
x Algebra The polygons are similar. Find the values of the variables.
x ≠ 3Á510; y ≠ 2 Á 10
7. 100 8.
3y - 2 y z 3x 4.5 3
7
2
5x y
12 4 x ≠ 80 ; y ≠ 6; z ≠ 16
3 3
9. 2.5 10. y
y x
7 x+4 3.5
x
30 5
3y
8 x ≠ 30; y ≠ 4
x ≠ 12; y ≠ 8
11. Are all equilateral quadrilaterals similar? Make a sketch to support
your answer. No; sample sketch: a square and a rhombus
Lesson 7-3
Can you prove that the triangles are similar? If so, write a similarity
statement and tell whether you would use AAM, SASM, or SSSM.
12. C 13. X N W 14. L
21 Yes; kQCT Yes; kXZY F 24 no
12 M kEWN 15
M kMCP by H
Q T SASM. by AAM.
8 14 E 12
M Z Y R 16
P T
15. B 16. 17. J
Yes; kABC Y Q 9 P
D M kEBD by S
10
AAM. 4 7
10.5 6
E 6
4.8 8
X Z R
C 6 H
A R T
Yes; kXYZ M kPRQ by SSSM. K
Yes; kHJK M kRST by SASM.
18. Refer to the figure at the right. Explain how you E
know that AB 6 ED.
kCAB M kCED by SSSM. lA O lE as 12
corres. ' of M > , so AB 6 ED by the 8
Conv. of the Alt. Int. ' Thm.
B 5
C 10 D
4
6
A
728

Practice

Lesson 7-4
19. x ≠ Á 5 ; y ≠ 2; z ≠
2Á5
Algebra Find the value of each variable. If an answer is not a whole number, leave
it in simplest radical form. 19–22. See margin.
19. 20. 21. 22. 20. x 5 "70; y 5 "21;
z 5 "30
z 10 3 z x
x y y x
z y
y z 144 25 21. x ≠ 65; y ≠ 60;
1 4 x 5 4 z ≠ 156
22. kABC M kEDC by
23. Give a coordinate proof of the converse of Corollary 1 to Theorem 7-3. That is, SSSM, so lA O lE.
prove that if CD is the altitude from C to side AB of #ABC, and if CD is the Thus, AB O ED by the
geometric mean of AD and DB, then #ABC is a right triangle with its right Conv. of the Alt Int. '
angle at C. See margin. Thm.
24. An artist is going to cut four similar right triangles from a rectangular piece of
23. Place kABC in the
paper like the one shown below. What is the distance from B and D to the
diagonal AC? 60 coordinate plane with
13
A(–a, 0), B(b, 0), C(0,
!ab) (given), and
B C
4
D(0, 0). Slope of AC ≠
!ab
5
4
a . Slope of BC ≠
A D !ab
12 b . The product ]
!ab !ab ab
2a ? b ≠ 2ab ≠
Lesson 7-5
4 4
2
x Algebra Find the value of x. –1, so AC # BC.
25. 26. 9 27. x 40 28.

72 56 7
x
117 x x 29. A
5 12 10 3
10 21 6 1
13 2.1x D
5 6 x
20 16 E
B
29. Suppose you are given a segment AB of length 1 1
1 unit and a segment CD of length x units. A B
Show how you can apply the Side-Splitter C
Theorem to construct a segment of length x1 . x
Construct AC with AB ≠ x
See margin. C D
and BC ≠ 1. On another
30. The figure below shows the locations of a high school, a computer store, a line from A, constuct AD of
library, and a convention center. The street along which the computer store and length 1. Construct a line
library are located bisects the obtuse angle formed by two of the other streets. through C n to BD and
Use the information in the figure to find the distance from the library to the intersecting AD in E. By the
convention center. 4.5 mi Side-Splitter Thm., 1x 5 DE
1 ,
1
so DE ≠ x .
3 mi Library
High Convention
School 6 mi
Center
4 mi
Computer
Store
729
Chapter

Lessons 8-1 and 8-2
Find the value of x. If your answer is not a whole number, leave it in simplest
radical form.
1. 15 2. 5!3 3. 3!5 4. 3!2
60
12 x 5 9 x x 6
9 x 6
5. A rectangular lot is 165 feet long and 90 feet wide. How many feet of fencing
are needed to make a diagonal fence for the lot? Round to the nearest foot. 188 ft
Find the missing side lengths. Give answers in radical form if necessary.
6. 7.
60
8. 8 !3 in., 16 in. 9.
12 cm 26 cm 1
30
30
6 !2 cm, 6 !2 cm 13 cm, 13 !3 cm 60 !2 units, !2 units, 2 units
8 in.
Lessons 8-3 and 8-4
Find the value of x. Round lengths of segments to the nearest tenth and angle
measures to the nearest degree.
10. 5.6 11. 29 12. 13.
11 x 8
x 11.0 9.4
x 54 x 32
23 8
48
5 58
14. 49 15. 16. 37 17. 10

10 x
6 x 50 7.2 12 x
49
x
13 6.5
7
18. An architect includes wheelchair ramps in her plans ramp

for the entrance to a new museum. She wants the angle 8 ft
that the ramp makes with level ground to measure 4°. 100 ft
Will the dimensions shown in the figure work? If not, not to scale
what change should she make? No; sample: In the plan, change 100 ft to 114.5 ft.
19. A 12-ft ladder is propped against a vertical wall. The top end is 11 ft above the
ground. What is the measure of the angle formed by the ladder with the
ground? about 66.4°
20. How long is the guy wire shown in the figure if it is
attached to the top of a 50-ft antenna and makes a
70° angle with the ground? Round to the nearest tenth. 50 ft
53.2 ft x
70
730

Practice

21. A 15-ft ladder is propped against a vertical wall and makes a 72° angle with the
ground. How far is the foot of the ladder from the base of the wall? Round to 27. a. k–49, 142 l, k38, 47 l
the nearest tenth. 4.6 ft
b. k–11, 189 l
Lesson 8-5 28. a. k–118, –55 l, k86,
Solve each problem. Round your answers to the nearest foot. 110 l
22. A couple is taking a balloon ride. After 25 minutes aloft, they measure the b. k–32, 55 l
angle of depression from the balloon to its launch place as 168. They are 180 ft 29. a. k–54, 72 l, k–95,
above ground. Find the distance from the balloon to its launch place. 653 ft –33 l
23. A surveyor is 300 ft from the base of an apartment building. The angle of b. k–149, 39 l
elevation to the top of the building is 248, and her angle-measuring device is 5 ft
above the ground. Find the height of the building. 139 ft 30. a. k–21, –56 l, k27,
–64 l
24. Oriana is flying a kite. She lets out 105 ft of string and anchors it to the ground.
She determines that the angle of elevation of the kite is 488. Find the height the b. k6, –120l
kite is from the ground. 78 ft
25. Two office buildings are 100 ft apart. From the edge
of the shorter building, the angle of elevation to the
top of the taller building is 28°, and the angle of 28
depression to the bottom is 42°. How tall is each 42
building? Round to the nearest foot. 90 ft; 143 ft
26. A plane flying at 10,000 ft spots a hot air balloon in
the distance. The balloon is 9000 ft above ground.
The angle of depression from the plane to the 100 ft
balloon is 308. Find the distance from the plane to
the balloon. 2000 ft
Lesson 8-6
(a) Describe each vector as an ordered pair. Give the coordinates to the nearest
unit. (b) Write the resultant of each pair of vectors as an ordered pair. 27–30. See margin.
27. y 28. y 29. y 30. y
90
38
25 140 70 x
150 60 53
x x 60 70
130 71
71 51
x 100
23
Write the sum of the two vectors as an ordered pair.

31. 具5, 9典 and 具-3, 2典 32. 具-1, 0典 and 具4, -6典 33. 具2, 4典 and 具0, 9典 34. 具4, -2典 and 具-4, 2典
具2, 11典具3, -6典具2, 13典具0, 0典
35. A helicopter lands 55 km west and 14 km north of the airport from which it
departed. It followed a straight flight path. Find the magnitude and direction of
the resultant vector 具-55, 14典. about 56.8 km; about 14.3° north of west
N
14
W E
55
S
731

Practice
21. G H 9 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
F G
Lesson 9-1
P
In Exercises 1–6, refer to the figure at the right. y
A 4 B
1. What is the image of C 2. What rule describes
I H C
F I
under (x, y) S (4, -2)? E the translation F S B? k–2, 4 l 2
C
3. What is the image of H 4. What rule describes D E F x
6 4 2 O 2 4
22. B under (x, y) S (-2, 4)? C the translation D S H? k4, –2 l
P 2
A G H
5. What is the image of C 6. What rule describes
under (x, y) S (-2, -4)? G the translation B S A? k–8, 0 l
A B
C Use matrices to find the image of each figure under the given translation.
7. #ABC with vertices A(-3, 4), B(-1, -2), C(1, 5); translation: (x, y) S (-2, 5) A9(–5, 9), B9(–3, 3), C9(–1, 10)
C
8. #EFG with vertices E(0, 3), F(6, -1), G(4, 2); translation: (x, y) S (1, -2) E9(1, 0), F9(7, –4), G9(5, –1)
23. H 9. #PQR with vertices P(-9, -4), Q(-5, 1), R(2, 8); translation: (x, y) S (-6, -7)
P9(–15, –11), Q9(–11, –6), R9(–4, 1)
A 10. Write two translation rules of the form (x, y) S (x + a, y + b) that map
S P A the line y = x - 1 to the line y = x + 3.
H
Sample: (x, y) S (x, y + 4), (x, y) S (x - 4, y)
Lesson 9-2
L
S L Given points S(6, 1), U(2, 5), and B(–1, 2), draw kSUB and its reflection image across each line.
11–18. See back of book.
11. y = 5 12. x = 7 13. y = -1 14. the x-axis
24. D C B
15. y = x 16. x = -1 17. y = 3 18. the y-axis
P
19. What are the two shortest words in the English language that you can write
B D C with capital letters so that each word looks like its own reflection across a line? A and I
20. The segments AB and ArBr are two different segments in the same plane. There
25. B is a translation such that ArBr is the translation image of AB. There is also a line k
A
in the plane such that ArBr is the reflection image of AB across line k. If AB
and ArBr are opposite sides of a quadrilateral, what kind of quadrilateral is it? rectangle
A P
C B Lesson 9-3
C
Copy each figure and point P. Draw the image of each figure for the given rotation
about P. Label the vertices of the image. 21–24. See margin.
21. 608 22. 908 23. 458 24. 1808
F G P H C
A
P P
S P A
B
I H B D
L
C
25. The right triangle ABC shown here has side A
lengths 3, 4, and 5. Point P is the incenter of the
triangle. Copy the triangle and draw the image
P
of the triangle for a 60° counterclockwise rotation
about P. See margin. C B
732

Practice

26. What is the smallest angle of rotation you can use to have the rotation image of
the figure below exactly overlap the original figure? 40° 36. y C
A
I B B
C
H C 2
B
O x
G D 2 1 3 5
A D
F E 2
A D
Lesson 9-4
37. Translate the polygon
State what kind of symmetry each figure has. using (x, y) U (x – 2,
27. 28. 29. 30. y – 5). Then dilate
with center (0, 0) and
scale factor 3. Then
translate using
(x, y) U (x ± 2, y ± 5).
38. Reflect over ᐉ, then over m.
line, rotation, point line line line, point
ᐉ m
31. Armando is going to draw a triangle that he will put on his backpack.
a. If the triangle has a line of symmetry, what kind of triangle must it be? isosceles
b. If the triangle has two lines of symmetry, what kind of triangle must it be? equilateral
Lessons 9-5 and 9-6

The blue figure is the image of the gray figure. State whether the mapping is a
reflection, rotation, translation, glide reflection, or dilation. 40. Reflect over m, then over ᐉ.
32. O y x 33. y 34. y 35. y ᐉ m

O x
O x
x
O
rotation dilation translation glide reflection
36. The vertices of trapezoid ABCD are A(–1, –1), B(–1, 1), C(2, 2), and D(2, –1).
Draw the trapezoid and its dilation image for a dilation with center (0, 0) and
scale factor 3. See margin.
37. Suppose you know the coordinates of the vertices of a polygon. Describe how
you can use what you know about translations and dilations with respect to the
origin to find the coordinates of the vertices of the image polygon if the center
for the dilation is (2, 5) and the scale factor is 3. See margin. / m
38. Find the image of the polygon for a reflection across line /
followed by a reflection across line m. Then use a separate
diagram to repeat the process, but reflect across line m first
and then across line /. Each time, draw the intermediate
image with dashed segments. See margin.
Lesson 9-7
39. Which of the four figures in Exercises 27–30 will tessellate a plane? all of them
40. Use a square and an equilateral triangle to make a tessellation. The square and
equilateral triangle should have congruent sides. See margin.
733
Chapter

Lesson 10-1
If possible, find the perimeter and area of each figure. If not possible, state why.
1. 2. 6m 3. 13 ft
4.33 ft
5 ft
5m 3m
11 ft 12 ft
2m
5 ft 15 ft; 10.825 ft 2
16 m; 12 m2 50 ft; 143 ft 2
4. 5. 6.
24 yd
13 m 17 m 15 in.
12 m
26 yd
18 in.
17 m 60 yd; 120 yd2 perimeter not possible as slanted
47 m; 102 m2 sides could be any length; 270 in.2
Lessons 10-2 and 10-3
Find the area of each trapezoid or regular polygon. Leave your answer in simplest
radical form.
7. 8. 4 in. 9. 10.
6 cm 15 in.2
5 mm
72 cm2 3 in.
4 Á3
25
mm2 4 ft
32 Á 3 ft2
6 in.
11. The patio section of a restaurant is a trapezoid 12. A mosaic design uses kite-shaped tiles with the
with the dimensions shown in the figure. What dimensions shown in the figure. What is the
is the area of the patio section? 3500 ft2 area of each tile? 2.625 in.2
60 ft
50 ft
1.75 in.
80 ft 3 in.
13. The tiles for a bathroom floor are regular hexagons that are 58 in. on each side.
Find the area of an individual tile. Express the answer in radical form. 73 !3 in.2
128
14. The floor of a gazebo is a regular hexagon with sides that are 9 ft long. What is
the area of the floor? Round to the nearest square foot. 210 ft2
Lesson 10-4
Find the ratio of the perimeters and the ratio of the areas of the blue figure to the red figure.
15. 16. 17.
6 ft
5 cm 5 in. 16 in.
8 ft
8 cm
5 : 8; 25 : 64 3 : 4; 9 : 16 5 : 16; 25 : 256
18. A triangular banner has an area of 315 in.2. A similar banner has sides 113 times
as long as those of the smaller banner. What is the area of the larger banner? 560 in.2
734

Practice

19. You want to enlarge the picture on the front of a postcard by 10%. If the
perimeter of the postcard is 44 cm, what will be the perimeter of the enlargement? 48.4 cm 26. a. 6π cm
b. 2π cm
Lesson 10-5
27. a. 20π ft
Find the area of each polygon. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
20. 21. 22. 23. b. 53 π ft
46 8 cm 30 10 m 28. a. 18π cm
14 in. 15 cm
9 ft 8m
7 ft
59
b. 29 π cm
73
13 in. 29. a. 10π in.
43.2 cm2 20 m2
30.1 ft 2 78.0 in.2
24. a regular hexagon with an apothem of 3 ft 31.2 ft2 25. a regular octagon with radius 5 ft 70.7 ft 2 b. 25
4 π in.
Lesson 10-6
(a) Find the circumference of each circle. (b) Find the length of the arc shown in
red. Leave your answers in terms of π. 26–29. See margin.
26. 120 27. 28. 29.
5 in.
9 cm
6 cm 150 20 ft
225
30. A bicycle wheel has a radius of 0.33 m. How many revolutions does the wheel
make when the bicycle is ridden 1 km? Round to the nearest whole number. 482
Lesson 10-7
Find the area of each shaded sector or segment. Leave your answers in terms of π.
31. 32. 33. 34.
30 30 135 4m
240 7 ft 6 in. 18 cm
49 81
3π ft 2 8π cm2
(12π – 9 Á 3 ) in.2 (4π – 8) m2
35. A 14-in. diameter pizza is cut into 6 equal slices. About how many square
inches of pizza are in each slice? Round to the nearest square inch. 26 in.2
Lesson 10-8
Darts are thrown at random at each of the boards shown. If a dart hits the board,
find the probability that it will land in the shaded area.
36. 37. 38. 39.
75
1 7
1 π
4 3 1– 4
24
40. A square garden that is 80 ft on each side is surrounded by a cobblestone street

that is 8 ft wide. If a child’s balloon lands at random in the region formed by the
garden and street, what is the probability that it lands on the street? 11
36
18 cm
41. A dart hits the circular board shown in the figure at a random point. What is
the probability that it does not hit the shaded square? Express your answer in 5 cm
terms of p. 1 – 25
81p
735

Practice
1. equilateral k; 7 ± 10 ≠ 11 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
15 ± 2
2. rectangle; 7 ± 10 ≠ Lesson 11-1
15 ± 2 The diagrams in Exercises 1–4 each show a cube after part of it has been cut away.
3. equilateral D; 7 ± 7 ≠ Identify the shape of the cross section formed by the cut. Also, verify Euler’s
12 ± 2 Formula, F V E 2, for the polyhedron that remains. 1–5. See margin.
4. regular hexagon; 1. 2. 3. 4.
7 ± 10 ≠ 15 ± 2
5.
5. The bases of the prism shown at the right are equilateral triangles.
Make a sketch that shows how you can have a plane intersect the
prism to give a cross section that is an isosceles trapezoid.

Find the (a) lateral area and (b) surface area of each figure. Leave your answers in
terms of π or in simplest radical form.
2 cm
6. 7. 8. 9.
10 in.
6 ft 7 cm
4 ft 4 in.
40π in.2; 56π in.2 12 in.
108 Á 3 in.2; 144 Á 3 in.2
3 ft 84 ft 2; 108 ft 2
28π cm2;
36π cm2
10. An optical instrument contains a triangular glass prism with the 2 cm
dimensions shown at the right. Find the lateral area and surface
area of the prism. Round to the nearest tenth. 19.3 cm2; 21.3 cm2
11. A company packages salt in a cylindrical box that has a diameter 4 cm
of 8 cm and a height of 13.5 cm. Find the lateral area and surface
area of the box. Round to the nearest tenth. 339.3 cm2; 439.8 cm2
Find the (a) lateral area and (b) surface area of each pyramid or cone. Assume that the
base of each pyramid is a regular polygon. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
12. 13. 14. 15.
6 cm 6 cm
7 in. 5 ft
4 in. 2 cm 3 ft 2 cm
56 in.2; 72 in.2 37.5 cm2; 47.9 cm2 55.0 ft2; 83.2 ft2 51.7 cm2; 71.0 cm2
Find the volume of each figure. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
16. 17. 18. 19. 3 in.
3 mm 5 mm 5m
5 in.
4 mm 5 mm
4 mm 6m
16 mm3 7 mm 175 mm3 15π m3 45π in.3
736

20. 21. 22. 23.
13 m
9 cm 3 in.
11
ft
10 cm 10 m 7 in.
12 cm 10 m 6 ft 400 m3 339.3 ft3
540 cm3 863.9 in.3
24. A greenhouse has the dimensions shown in the figure. What is the volume of
the greenhouse? Round to the nearest cubic foot. 5670 ft3
10 ft
8 ft 35 ft
14 ft
25. Find the volume of a can of chicken broth that has a diameter of 7.5 cm and a
height of 11 cm. Round to the nearest tenth. 486.0 cm3
26. A paper drinking cup is a cone that has a diameter of 221 in. and a height of
312 in. How many cubic inches of water does the cup hold when it is full to
the brim? Round to the nearest tenth. 5.7 in.3
Lesson 11-6
Find the volume and surface area of a sphere with the given radius or
diameter. Give each answer in terms of π and rounded to the nearest
whole number.
27. r = 5 cm 28. r = 3 ft 29. d = 8 in. 27. 500π 3 3
3 cm , 524 cm ;
30. d = 2 ft 31. r = 0.5 in. 32. d = 9 m 100π cm2, 314 cm2
28. 36π ft3, 113 ft3; 36π ft2,
The surface area of each sphere is given. Find the volume of each sphere in 113 ft2
terms of π.
29. 256π 3 3
3 in. , 268 in. ;
33. 64p m2 256π
3 m
3 34. 16p in2 32π
3 in.
3 35. 49p ft2 343π
6 ft
3 2
64π in. , 201 in. 2
36. A spherical beach ball has a diameter of 1.75 ft when it is full of air. 30. 4π 3 3 2
3 ft , 4 ft ; 4π ft , 13 ft
2
What is the surface area of the beach ball, and how many cubic feet of 31. π6 in.3, 1 in.3; π in.2, 3 in.2
air does it contain? Round to the nearest hundredth. 9.62 ft2; 2.81 ft3
32. 243π 3 3 2
2 m , 382 m ; 81π m ,
Lesson 11-7 254 m2
Copy and complete the table for three similar solids.
Similarity Ratio Ratio of Surface Areas Ratio of Volumes

37. 2;3 4 ■;■ 9 8 ■ ; ■ 27
38. 5 ■;■8 25 ; 64 125 ■ ; ■ 512
39. 3 ■;■4 9 ■ ; ■ 16 27 ; 64
40. How do the surface area and volume of a cylinder change if the radius and
height are multiplied by 54? S.A. is multiplied by 15 125
16. Volume is multiplied by 64 .
41. For two similar solids, how are the ratios of their volumes and
surface areas related? Q V1 R2 5 Q A1 R 3
V2 A2
737
page 738 Chapter 12 Chapter

Extra Practice
5. Tangents to a ( from a 12 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof
point outside the ( are
O, so AS ≠ AP, BP ≠
BQ, CQ ≠ CR, and DR Lesson 12-1
≠ DS. By the Segment 2
x Algebra Assume that lines that appear to be tangent are tangent. P is the center of
Add. Post. and various each circle. Find the value of x.
2Á3
Props. or ≠, 10
1. 65 2. 8 3. x 6 4.
AB ± DC ≠ 6
P x
AP ± BP ± DR ± CR ≠ P 115 x P x 10 P x
AS ± BQ ± DS ± CQ ≠ x
BQ ± CQ ± AS ± DS ≠ 4 6
BC ± AD
5. Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribed about 䉺O.
11. a ≠ 38; b ≠ 52; c ≠ 104;
d ≠ 90 Prove: AB + DC = BC + AD See margin.
B
12. a ≠ 105; b ≠ 100 P
13. a ≠ 55; b ≠ 72; c ≠ 178; A
d ≠ 89 O
14. Yes. Each side of the Q
S
polygon is a chord of
the circle and the # bis. D R C
of any chord contains
the center of the circle. Lessons 12-2 and 12-3
2
x Algebra Find the value of each variable. If your answer is not a whole number,
round it to the nearest tenth. 10–12. See margin.
6. 14.8 7. x 5.2 8. 12 5.3 9. 20
x
P x 9
8
3 12 3 16 9
x
20
10. a b 11. c 76 12. 13. b

d 80 c
54 a b
a
77 32 75 36
b d 110
a
a ≠ 154; b ≠ 76
14. A polygon is inscribed in a circle. Are the perpendicular bisectors of the sides
of the polygon concurrent? Explain. See margin.
15. A circle has a diameter of 4 units. A chord parallel to a diameter is 1.5 units
from the center of the circle. The endpoints of the diameter and the chord are
the vertices of an isosceles trapezoid. What is the distance from the center of
the circle to each leg of the trapezoid? Round to the nearest hundredth. 1.82 units
16. Given: &A and &D are inscribed angles in 䉺O that
0
intercept BC . BD and AC intersect at P.
0
Prove: #APB ⬃ #DPC lA O lD since they both intercept BC .
B lBPA O lCPD because they are vertical '.
C kAPB M kDPC by AA M.
P
O D
A

page 739 Chapter 12

Extra Practice

Lesson 12-4
17. x ≠ 193; y ≠ 60.5
x 2 Algebra Assume that lines that appear to be tangent are tangent. Find the value of
18. 5.6
each variable. If your answer is not a whole number, round it to the nearest tenth. 17–20. See margin.
19. N 10.4
17. 18. 19. x 20. x
95 7 x 20. 70
x 110
6 34. a circle of radius 5 cm,
10 8
y 12 concentric with the
72
orig. circle
21. 85 22. 23. 24.
x 3 x 13 6
x 105 3 cm
7 7 2 cm
y
140 6 16 x 20 y
5
x ≠ 112.5; y ≠ 67.5 11.5 42.5 x N 5.6; y N 11.9
25. The outer rim of a circular garden will be planted with 120
three colors of tulips. The landscaper has stretched two
strings from a point P to help workers see how much of y 35. two rays) n to and 2 cm
the circular rim should be planted with each color. Use the from AB , and the
x semicircle of radius 2
information in the figure at the right to find x and y. 30
90; 150 cm with center A, opp.
26. Planks are placed across the circular pool shown in
pt. B
the figure at the right. What is the length of the
12 ft 8 ft 2 cm
longest plank? 18 ft x ft
9 ft
A B
Lesson 12-5
Write the standard equation for each circle with center P.
27. P = (0, 0); r = 4 x 2 ± y2 ≠ 16 28. P = (0, 5); r = 3 x 2 ± (y – 5)2 ≠ 9 36. a sphere of radius
1.5 in., and center Q
29. P = (9, -3); r = 7 (x – 9)2 ± (y ± 3)2 ≠ 49 30. P = (-4, 0); through (2, 1) (x ± 4)2 ± y2 ≠ 37
31. P = (-6, -2); through (-8, 1) 32. P = (-1, -3); r = 3 (x ± 1)2 ± (y ± 3)2 ≠ 9 Q
(x ± 6)2 ± (y ± 2)2 ≠ 13
1.5 in.
33. When a coordinate grid is imposed over a map, the location of a radio station is
given by (113, 215). A town located at (149, 138) is at the outermost edge of the
circular region where clear reception is assured.
a. Write an equation that describes the boundary of the clear reception region. (x – 113)2 ± (y – 215)2 ≠ 852
b. If the radio station boosts power to increase the size of the clear-reception
region by a factor of 4, what will be the equation for the new boundary for
clear reception? (x – 113)2 ± (y – 215)2 ≠ 1702
Lesson 12-6
Draw and describe each locus. 34–36. See margin.
34. all points in a plane 3 cm from a circle with r = 2 cm
)
35. all points in a plane 2 cm from AB
36. all points in space 1.5 in. from a point Q
37. A dog is on a 20-ft leash. The leash is attached to a pipe at the midpoint dog
15 ft
of the back wall of a 30 ft-by-30 ft house, as shown in the diagram.
Sketch and use shading to indicate the region in which the dog can 20 ft
play while attached to the leash. Include measurements to describe 15 ft
the region. See margin. 30 ft
739

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GEOM_3e_ExPrac_716-739 10/26/05 6:57 PM Page 716

page 716 Chapter 1 Extra Chapter

Fro ht 7–8. See margin.

Front Right cube triangular prism cylinder

16. 29. Sample:

page 717 Chapter 1 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Lesson 1-7 40.

Chapter 1 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 717

page 719 Chapter 2 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

29. Given: &1 and &2 are complementary.

30. Prove or disprove the following statement.

Chapter 2 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 719

page 720 Chapter 3 Extra Chapter

Lessons 3-2 and 3-3

720 Chapter 3 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

page 721 Chapter 3 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Chapter 3 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 721

15. not possible T V 120 60 A B

page 723 Chapter 4 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Lessons 4-6 and 4-7

Chapter 4 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 723

page 724 Chapter 5 Extra Chapter

Is AB an angle bisector, altitude, median, or perpendicular bisector?

724 Chapter 5 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

page 725 Chapter 5 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Chapter 5 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 725

trapezoid 3. A(2, 1), B(5, -1), C(4, -4), D(1, -2)

2. y 4. A(-4, 5), B(-1, 3), C(-3, 0), D(-6, 2)

page 727 Chapter 6 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

7 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

728 Chapter 7 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

page 729 Chapter 7 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

25. 26. 9 27. x 40 28.

Chapter 7 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 729

8 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

14. 49 15. 16. 37 17. 10

18. An architect includes wheelchair ramps in her plans ramp

730 Chapter 8 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

page 731 Chapter 8 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Write the sum of the two vectors as an ordered pair.

Chapter 8 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof 731

page 732 Chapter 9 Extra Chapter

732 Chapter 9 Extra Practice: Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

page 733 Chapter 9 Extra

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof

Skills, Word Problems, and Proof