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Aim: To prepare ethylene glycol monostearate from stearic acid and ethylene glycol.
Apparatus: Four necked RBF, thermowell, thermometer, condenser, heating mantle, funnel,
beaker, N2 gas purger.
Reagents: Ethylene glycol, stearic acid, Para-toluene sulfonic acid, phenolphthalein, 0.5 N KOH
solution.
O PTSA O
OH + HO O OH + H2O
OH
Stearic acidstearic acid Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol monostearate Water
In the above reaction one mole of stearic acid reacts with one mole of ethylene glycol to give one
of monoethylene monostearate and one mole of water. A condenser can be attached to ease the
removal of evaporated water (as the reaction is carried out at 120 ℃. The accumulated water can
be observed to determine the extent of reaction. At the end of the reaction due to formation of
ester, the acid value of the reaction mixture should be as low as possible.
The applications of ethylene glycol monostearate include:
3. It is used in the formulation of shampoo, liquid soaps and hand cleaners as pearling and
masking agent.
Since EGMS has multifarious applications, different standards are used for different purposes like
cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and surfactants, etc. the BIS standards of EGMS for cosmetic field are:
Requirements
Sr.No. Specifications
Emulsifying Non-emulsifying
1 Appearance White flakes White flakes
2 Acid value (max.) 5 5
3 Monostearate content (min.) 35% 40%
4 Melting range 54-57 ℃ 54-60 ℃
Iodine value of separated fatty
5 3 3
acid (max.)
6 Saponification value 155 – 165 160 – 175
7 Sulfated ash 0.4 – 0.9% Max. 0.2%
8 Iron as Fe (Max.) 20 ppm 20 ppm
9 Water content (max.) 2% 2%
10 pH of 5% dispersion 8.5 – 10 4–7
As specified by the As specified by the
11 Free glycerine
buyer buyer
Procedure:
1. Arrange the proper reaction setup using 1 liter four neck flask, condenser, stirrer,
thermowell & N2 purger.
3. Increase the temperature of the reaction mixture to 120 ℃ under inert atmosphere.
4. Continue the reaction maintaining the temperature at 120 ℃ and checking temperature
at 5 – 10-minute interval. Also checking the acid value at the interval of 2 hours till desired
acid value (< 20) is obtained.
5. Cool the reaction mass to 80 – 85 ℃ after achieving desired acid value. Pour the mass in
the way to get flakes.
6. Analyse the product for melting point (54 – 60 ℃), %free fatty acid and % free MEA = 2.5%
(max).
Result: