FIGURE 43. Pare bendog of etions wit one ate of symmetry. of symmetey. Note thatthe cutting plane sveses marked “oma” ae obtained from Ea, (4.6) by substituting efor, where isthe distance from the neutral ani (othe extreme Aber Often the section modulus Z (defined a the ratio /<) used, ving he cquaion for maximum bending srs 8 cm M/Z « Fora solid round bar, = wat/64, c= d/2, and Z = wd? /32, Hence, for this cou fe an Properties of various cross sections ae give in Appendix B+. Figure 48 shows bending of sections having 2 single axis of symmetry, and where the bending moment lis inthe plane containing the axis ofsymmetty ofeach res section. A this point the reader wil nd it proflableto spend afew moments veiying that the offset ses distribation pattern shown is necssry to establish uli Fig. 480 (ie, EF = Ded = 0,and EM = M+ Ex dA y = 0) 46 PURE BENDING LOADING, CURVED BEAMS When iniily curved beam ae loaded in the plan of curvature, the bending stresses sare only approximately in acordance with Eqs. (4.6)-(4.8). Since the sorts (hence slo) path along the length of «curved beam eat the inside surface, comlderation of the relative tfneses of redundant load paths suggest that the streses at heise ‘surface ae greater than indeated by the srigh-beam equations, Figure 49 isrates that thi is inded the case. This igure also shows that equibriam requirement result ‘in the neutral axis shifting inward (toward the center of curvature) an amount f andey ea bam mens ‘Typ om ion = \\ FIGURE 48. CURE ia carer, pre bending of sections with oe asso ymmety the stress dtribution becoming hyperbalic. These deviations from stnigh-beam te stare imporaant in severly curved beams, such as those commonly encountered rea vmmpe, punch press and dil press frames, hooks, brackets and chain Unk ed fare clearly the behavior pattern shown in Fig, 49k ws develop Tce new pation ca (Note the implied assumption that initially plane sone este efter lading) Rotation of thi pane i ofcourse, about he ruta bend Teo dapinced an asyetanknown distance from the cent xs “Tho stuin onthe Ror shown at distance y from the nevtrl axis FIGURE. 410. {Gare bea beng.—; ee rem STATICRODYSTRESSES. 79 oe Game 4 Foran late material, the corresponding stress i yao 7 | wa ie ‘Note that this equation gives « hyperbolic disribution of stress, as iestatd in Fig 43e ‘Equiv ofthe bear segment neither side of plane ed (Fig 4.10) requires spne fou Edt | 2a elas and snc B+ 0 | Vera ® suao foras-Stt [2a ® sp quay p+) Ba (canbe lcd y~ ra + ai | a2 [ freee J 25] (eo “To second integra in Ea zero becuse of (9). The ist inept pj ‘soqu wiok (Note that thing would be egal oof y wee measured fron | et eeepc ym menurd from an ats dapaced Gitance ¢ fom te | enti the negra has value of ¢4) \ “Sot the above express into Ba (0) ves wn E Beso 2a ES J * wea } Subetcting Ea. (into Ea. (0) ies | ae ar Sbsitting y = —e,and y = ein order to find maximum stress vals atthe ier and outer surfaces, we have e\s ee ee oe "Ta a etn Me 8 Ma Treo” ee The sgnt of thee equations are consistent withthe compresiveand teal trees produced i ner ad outer srfevs ofthe Boum in Fg, 410, where the ieston arvvmat M was chosen inthe interest of earfyng the analysis More common, eave Bending moment i Sfed as one tending to straighen an inially cured beam In terms of this convention: it ee