15AD08-AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ASSIGNMENT II
R.MATHESHWARA PANDI
16A123
 BATTERY COIL SYSTEM

Construction of Battery coil system:

Battery:
A battery is used to provide energy for ignition. It is work as storage of energy and charged by
dynamo, which is driven by engine. It converts chemical energy to electric energy. Two types of
battery used in spark ignition system, lead acid battery and alkaline battery. The first one is used
in light duty commercial vehicle and the other one is used in heavy duty commercial vehicle. It is
housed in primary side of ignition coil.

Ignition switch:
It is used to turn on and off the ignition system. Battery is connected to the primary winding of
ignition coil by ignition switch and ballast resistor.

Ballast resistor:
It is connected in series with primary winding to regulate current in primary winding. It is used to
prevent injury due to overheating of ignition coil. It controls the current passes through primary
winding. It is made by iron. Iron has property of increase electrical resistance rapidly by increase
in temperature at certain limit. This additional resistance resists flowing current which control the
temperature of ignition coil.

Ignition coil:
Ignition coil is the main body of battery ignition system. The purpose of ignition coil to step up
the battery voltage (6 or 12) to a high voltage, which is sufficient to produce spark at spark plug.
It consist a magnetic core or soft wire or sheet, and two electrical winding called primary winding
and secondary winding. The primary winding has generally 200-300 turn and the end are
connected to exterior terminal. The secondary has almost 21000 turns of copper wire which is
insulated to withstand with high voltage. It is located inside the primary winding and its one end
connected to secondary winding and other end is grounded either to primary winding or to the
metal case. This entire unit is enclosed in a metal container which makes it a compact unit.

Contact breaker:
This is a mechanical device making and braking the primary circuit to ignition coil. When the
points are closed current flow in ignition coil and when it open, flow of current stopped.

Capacitor:
It is a simple electrical capacitor in which two metal plate are separated by an insulating material
with a distance. Commonly air is used as insulating material but for particular technical
requirement some high quality insulating material is used.
 Distributor:
Distributor is used in multi cylinder engine to regulate spark in each spark plug at correct sequence.
It distribute ignition surge in individual spark plug in correct sequence. There are two types of
distributor. One is known as carbon brush type and the other one is gap type. In carbon brush type
carbon brush carried by the rotor arm sliding over the metallic segment embedded into the
distributor cap or molded insulating material. This makes electric connection or secondary winding
with spark plug. In gap type distributor electrode of rotor arm pass close to but does not make
contact with the distributor cap. So there is no wear of electrode.

Spark Plug:

A spark plug generally has two electrodes which are separated with each other. A high potential
discharge flow through it which generate spark and ignite the combustion mixture in cylinder. It
mainly consist two electrodes a steel shell and an insulator. The central electrode connected with
the supply of ignition coil. It is well insulated with the outer steel shell which is grounded. There
is a small air gap between steel shell and central electrode, between which spark is generated. The
electrode usually made by high nickel alloy so it can withstand with high temperature and
corrosion resistance.

Working Of Battery coil system:

In the battery ignition system ignition coil stores the energy in form of magnetic field and deliver
it at the instant of ignition, in form of high voltage current with high tension wire to correct spark
plug. The diagram of four cylinder battery ignition system is as follow.

 First low voltage current flow form battery to the primary coil through ignition switch and ballast
resistor.
 Ballast resistor regulates the temperature of ignition coil by regulating current passing form it.
 The ignition capacitor connected in parallel with contact breaker. One end of secondary winding
is also grounded through contact breaker.
 When the ignition switch is closed, the primary winding of the coil is connected to the positive
terminal, and current flow through it known as primary current.
 The current flows form primary coil produces a magnetic field which induces an EMF in secondary
coil.
 The cam regulate the contact breaker. Wherever the breaker open, current flows into condenser,
which charged the condenser.
 As the condenser become charger the primary current falls and the magnetic field collapses. This
will induces a much higher voltage in condenser.
 Now the condenser discharge into the battery which reverse the direction of both primary current
and magnetic field. This will induce a very high EMF in secondary winding.
 Now this high voltage EMF produce spark at correct spark plug through distributor.