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STD. XI Sci.
Triumph Chemistry
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus

 
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 Preface
“Std. XI: Sci. Triumph Chemistry” is a complete and thorough guide to prepare students for
competitive level examinations. This book not only assists students with MCQs of Std. XI but also helps them to
prepare for JEE, AIPMT / NEET-UG, CET and various other competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Quick Review which
summarizes the important concepts of the entire chapter is provided for all the chapters. Formulae that form a
vital part of MCQ solving are provided for relevant chapters.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including knowledge based questions.
Critical Thinking: consists of questions that require understanding of the concept and the applications of the
same.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE, AIPMT / NEET-
UG, MH CET, KCET, CPMT, GUJ CET, AP EAMCET (Engineering, Medical), TS EAMCET (Engineering,
Medical), Assam CEE, BCECE, WB JEEM, etc.
Hints (i.e., complete solutions broken down to the simplest form possible) have been provided to the relevant
MCQs.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the
student on a competitive level.
In order to understand how chemistry plays an important role in our day to day life, we have made an
attempt to illustrate the same in the form of images/visuals in the related chapters.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think
we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us at : mail@targetpublications.org

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Authors

Index
Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.
1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 1
2 States of Matter (Gases and Liquids) 22
3 Structure of Atom 51
4 Periodic Table 85
5 Redox Reactions 103
6 Chemical Equilibrium 119
7 Surface Chemistry 165
8 Nature of Chemical Bond 186
9 Hydrogen 220
10 s-Block Elements 240
11 p-Block Elements (Group 13 and 14) 262
12 Basic Principles and Techniques in Organic Chemistry 290
13 Alkanes 330
14 Alkenes 351
15 Alkynes 369
16 Aromatic Compounds 387
17 Environmental Chemistry 405
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry

01 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 

Subtopics
1.0 Introduction
Platinum alloy as an International Prototype
1.1 Importance and scope of chemistry of the Kilogram

1.2 Historical approach to particulate

nature of matter
1.3 Laws of chemical combination
1.4 Dalton’s atomic theory
1.5 Concepts of elements, atoms and
molecules
1.6 Atomic and molecular masses
1.7 Avogadro’s law, Avogadro’s number
and mole concept
1.8 Percentage composition and
empirical and molecular formula
1.9 Chemical reactions and Have you ever wondered what is the reference for 1
kilogram???? It has been defined as the mass of the
stoichiometry International Prototype of the Kilogram. The
prototype is made of platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir)
cylinder that is stored in an airtight jar at
International Bureau of Weights and Measures in
France. Pt-Ir was chosen because its mass remains
constant for an extremely long time and it is resistant
to the attack of different chemicals. This reference
standard is used to calibrate or standardize different
measuring devices such as analytical balances.

1
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
Quick Review
 Branches of chemistry:
Chemistry
Study of the composition,
structure and properties of
matter and the reactions by
which one form of matter
may be converted into
another form.
 Classification of matter:
Pure substances
 Fixed composition
Elements
 Substances that cannot
be decomposed by a
simple chemical
process into two or
more different
substances.
 eg. He (monoatomic),
H2 (diatomic)
2
Physical chemistry
 Deals with the structure of matter, the energy changes and the
theories, laws and principles that explain the transformation of
matter from one form to another.
Inorganic chemistry
 Deals with chemistry of elements other than carbon and of
their compounds.
Organic chemistry
 Deals with the reactions of the compounds of carbon.
Analytical chemistry
 Deals with the separation, identification and quantitative
determination of the compositions of different substances.
Biochemistry
 Deals with chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in
living organisms.
Matter
 has mass
 occupies space
Mixtures
 Variable composition (that can be
separated by simple physical methods)
Compounds Homogeneous mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures
 Substances of definite  Composition is  Composition is not
compositions which uniform. uniform.
can be decomposed  All constituents  Two or more phases
into two or more present in one are present.
susbtances by a phase.  eg. phenol-water
simple chemical  eg. air, ethyl alcohol system, iron filings-
process. and water sand system
 eg. H2O, NaCl
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
 Laws of chemical combination:
Law of conservation of mass
 First stated by Lomonosove (1765) and then by Antoine Laviosier (1783).
 Statement: The mass is neither created nor destroyed during chemical
combination of matter.

Law of definite composition/Law of definite proportion

 Stated by Joseph Proust.
 Statement: Any pure compound always contains the same elements in a
definite proportion by weight irrespective of its source or method of
preparation.

Law of multiple proportion

Laws of chemical  Stated by John Dalton.
combination  Statement: If two elements chemically combine with each other forming
two or more compounds with different compositions by mass then the
ratios of masses of two interacting elements in the two compounds are
small whole numbers.

Gay Lussac’s law of combining volumes of gases

 Stated by Gay Lussac.
 Statement: When gases react together to produce gaseous products, the
volumes of reactants and products bear a simple whole number ratio with
each other, provided volumes are measured at same temperature and
pressure.

Avogadro’s law
 Stated by Avogadro.
 Statement: Equal volumes of all gases under identical conditions of
temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.

Formulae 6. Number of molecules

= n  Avogadro number (NA)
1 7. Atomicity = number of atoms in a molecule
1. Atomic mass unit (1 amu) = th of a 12C-atom
12
8. Total number of atoms in molecule
= 1.66  1027 kg
= n  NA  Atomicity
2. 1 Mole = 6.022  1023 particles 9. Volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP
(atoms/molecules/ions/electrons) = 22.4 L = 22.4 dm3
3. Number of moles (n) 10. Molecular formula = r  Empirical formula
Mass of the substance
= Molecular mass
Molar mass of the substance 11. r=
Empirical mass
Atomic mass
4. Mass of an atom = 12. Average atomic mass
6.022  1023
Sum of (Isotopic mass  its % abundance )
=
Molecular mass 100
5. Mass of a molecule =
6.022  1023
13. Avogadro’s law, V  n (At constant T and P)

3
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
10. The phlogiston theory was suggested for
Classical Thinking _______ reaction.
(A) neutralisation (B) oxidation
1.0 Introduction
(C) reduction (D) combustion
1. _______ chemistry deals with the chemistry of
elements other than carbon and of their 11. Substances which CANNOT be decomposed
compounds. into two or more different substances by
(A) Organic (B) Physical chemical process are called _______.
(C) Inorganic (D) Bio (A) alloys (B) molecules
(C) elements (D) compounds
2. The branch of chemistry which deals with the
separation, identification and quantitative 12. The arbitrarily decided and universally
determination of the composition of different accepted standards are called _______.
substances is called _______ chemistry. (A) fundamentals (B) units
(A) organic (B) inorganic (C) measures (D) symbols
(C) analytical (D) bio
13. There are _______ fundamental SI units.
1.1 Importance and scope of chemistry (A) 3 (B) 5
(C) 6 (D) 7
3. _______ pigment acts as a photosensitizer in
plants. 14. SI unit of temperature is _______.
(A) Xanthophyll (B) Chlorophyll (A) K (B) C
(C) Carotene (D) ATP (C) F (D) D
4. _______ CANNOT be carried out in a lab. 15. SI unit of velocity is _______.
(A) Photosynthesis (B) Reduction
(A) km s1 (B) km hr1
(C) Oxidation (D) Hydration 2
(C) m s (D) m s1
5. Solar energy can be converted into electrical
energy using _______ cell. 1.3 Laws of chemical combination
(A) Daniel (B) lithium ion
(C) photovoltaic (D) nickel cadmium 16. The sum of the masses of reactants and
products is equal in any physical or chemical
6. In computers, _______ chips are used as reaction. This is in accordance with law of
microprocessors. _______.
(A) carbon (B) phosphorus
(A) multiple proportion
(C) titanium (D) silicon
(B) definite composition
1.2 Historical approach to particulate (C) conservation of mass
nature of matter (D) reciprocal proportion
7. Which one of the following is NOT a mixture? 17. If the law of conservation of mass was to hold
(A) Iodized table salt true, then 20.8 g of BaCl2, on reaction with
(B) Gasoline 9.8 g of H2SO4 will produce 7.3 g of HCl and
(C) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (L.P.G.) _______ of BaSO4.
(D) Distilled water (A) 11.65 g (B) 23.3 g
8. If two or more phases are present in a mixture (C) 25.5 g (D) 30.6 g
then it is called a _______ mixture.
(A) heterogeneous (B) homogeneous 18. Pure water can be obtained from various
(C) homologous (D) heterologous sources, but it always contains hydrogen and
oxygen, combined in a ratio of 1:8 by weight.
9. Phenolwater system is a/an _______. This is an example of _______.
(A) element (A) law of conservation of mass
(B) compound (B) Avogadro’s law
(C) homogeneous system (C) law of definite composition
(D) heterogeneous system (D) Gay Lussac’s law
4
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
19. Two containers of the same size are filled 27. A/an _______ is an aggregate of two or more
separately with H2 gas and CO2 gas. Both the atoms in definite composition which are held
containers under the same T and P will contain together by chemical bonds.
the same _______. (A) ion (B) molecule
(A) number of atoms (C) compound (D) mixture
(B) weight of gas
1.6 Atomic and molecular masses
(C) number of molecules
(D) number of electrons 28. Every atom of an element consists of fixed
20. In SO2 and SO3, the ratio of the masses of number of _______.
oxygen which combine with a fixed mass of (A) protons (B) neutrons
sulphur is 2:3. This is an example of the law of (C) electrons (D) all of these
_______. 29. The unit of atomic mass amu is replaced by
(A) constant proportion _______.
(B) multiple proportion (A) u (B) mol
(C) reciprocal proportion (C) g (D) kg
(D) Gay Lussac
30. Mole is the SI unit of _______.
21. Which of the following reactions has the ratio (A) volume
of volumes of reacting gases and the product (B) pressure
as 1:2:2? (C) amount of substance
(A) 2CO(g) + O2(g)  2CO2(g) (D) density
(B) O2(g) + 2H2(g)  2H2O(g)
31. 1 amu is equal to _______.
(C) H2(g) + F2(g)  2HF(g)
1 1
(D) N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) (A) of C – 12 (B) of O – 16
12 14
22. The volume of oxygen required for complete (C) 1 g of H2 (D) 1.66  10–23 kg
combustion of 0.25 cm3 of CH4 at S.T.P is
_______ cm3. 32. ________ is the sum of the atomic mass of all
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.5 the atoms as given in the molecular formula of
(C) 0.75 (D) 1 the substance.
(A) Molecular mass (B) Atomic weight
1.4 Dalton’s atomic theory (C) Percentage weight (D) Percentage volume
23. Greek philosopher _______ had suggested that 1.7 Avogadro’s law, Avogadro’s number
matter is composed of extremely small and mole concept
a-tomio.
(A) Dalton (B) Aristotle 33. NA = _________ atoms mol1.
(C) Ptolemy (D) Democritus (A) 6.021  1021 (B) 6.024  1024
24. Dalton assumed that _______ are the smallest (C) 6.051  1015 (D) 6.022  1023
particles of compound. 34. One _______ is the collection of 6.022  1023
(A) atoms (B) molecules atoms /molecules/ions.
(C) ions (D) elements (A) kg (B) g
1.5 Concepts of elements, atoms and (C) mole (D) cm
molecules
35. Avogadro’s number is ________.
25. Atoms have a mass of the order _______. (A) number of atoms in one gram of element.
(A) 1026 kg (B) 1015 kg (B) number of millilitres which one mole of
(C) 1026 g (D) 1015 g a gaseous substance occupies at N.T.P.
(C) number of molecules present in one
26. Atoms have a radius of the order _______. gram molar mass of a substance.
(A) 1026 m (B) 1015 m (D) number of elements in one gram of
(C) 1015 mm (D) 1015 m compounds.

5
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
36. Which of the following law states that equal 45. 1 atom of an element weighs 1.792  10–22 g.
volume of all gases contain equal number of The atomic mass of the element is _______.
molecules? (A) 1.192 (B) 17.92
(A) Boyle’s law (C) 64 (D) 108
(B) Charles’ law
(C) Avogadro’s law 46. What is the mass of 0.5 mole of ozone molecule?
(D) Gay Lussac’s law (A) 8 g (B) 16 g
(C) 24 g (D) 48 g
37. According to Avogadro’s law, ________.
1 47. The number of molecules in 16 g of oxygen
(A) V  (B) V  T gas is _______.
P
(A) 6.022  1023 (B) 3.011  1023
(C) V  n (D) all of these 22
(C) 3.011  10 (D) 1.5  1023
38. Volume occupied by 1 g molecular weight of
any gas is called _______. 48. Which of the following weighs the least?
(A) gram molecular volume (A) 2.0 gram mole of CO2
(B) gram atomic volume (B) 0.1 mole of sucrose (C12H22O11)
(C) gram molecular weight (C) 1 gram atom of calcium
(D) gram atomic weight (D) 1.5 mole of water

39. Avogadro’s law distinguishes between 49. Which one of the following pairs of gases
_______. contains the same number of molecules?
(A) cations and anions (A) 16 g of O2 and 14 g of N2
(B) atoms and molecules (B) 8 g of O2 and 22 g of CO2
(C) atoms and ions (C) 28 g of N2 and 22 g of CO2
(D) molecules and ions (D) 32 g of O2 and 32 g of N2
40. The number of atoms present in a molecule of 50. One mole of oxygen gas weighs _______.
a substance is called its ________. (A) 1 g (B) 8 g
(A) atomicity (B) volume (C) 32 g (D) 6.023  1023 g
(C) density (D) mass
51. Under similar conditions, same mass of
41. How many molecules are present in one gram oxygen and nitrogen is taken. The ratio of
of hydrogen gas? their volumes will be _______.
(A) 6.02  1023 (B) 3.01  1023 (A) 7 : 8 (B) 3 : 5
23
(C) 2.5  10 (D) 1.5  1023 (C) 6 : 5 (D) 9 : 2
42. One mole of CO2 contains _______. 1.8 Percentage composition and empirical
(A) 6.022  1023 atoms of C and molecular formula
(B) 6.022  1023 atoms of O 52. Chemical formula CANNOT be determined
(C) 18.1  1023 molecules of CO2 by using _______.
(D) 3 g atoms of CO2 (A) Raman spectroscopy
43. One mole of H2O corresponds to _______. (B) nuclear magnetic resonance
(A) 22.4 litres at 1 atm and 25 C (C) Titration
(B) 6.02  1023 atoms of hydrogen and (D) ultraviolet spectroscopy
6.02  1023 atoms of oxygen 53. The mass percentage of each constituent
(C) 18 g of H2O element present in 100 g of a compound is
(D) 1 g of H2O called its _______.
44. The gram molecule of benzene is equal to (A) molecular composition
_______ g C6H6. (B) atomic composition
(A) 70 (B) 72 (C) percentage composition
(C) 10 (D) 78 (D) mass composition

6
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
54. _______ of a compound is the chemical 64. _______ reactant is the reactant that reacts
formula indicating the relative number of completely but limits further progress of the
atoms in the simplest ratio. reaction.
(A) Empirical formula (A) Oxidizing (B) Reducing
(B) Molecular formula (C) Limiting (D) Excess
(C) Empirical mass 65. _______ reactant is the reactant which is taken
(D) Molecular mass in excess than the limiting reactant.
55. The percentage composition of carbon in urea, (A) Oxidizing (B) Reducing
[CO(NH2)2] is _______. (C) Limiting (D) Excess
(A) 20% (B) 40% 66. The _______ coefficients are the coefficients
(C) 50% (D) 80% of reactants and products in the balanced
56. What is the % of H2O in Fe(CNS)33H2O? chemical reaction.
(A) 19 (B) 25 (A) balanced (B) chemical
(C) stoichiometric (D) molar
(C) 30 (D) 45
Miscellaneous
57. The percentage of oxygen in NaOH is
_______. 67. Which of the following relations for expressing
(A) 8 (B) 10 volume of a sample is NOT correct?
(C) 40 (D) 60 (A) 1L = 103 ml (B) 1dm3 = 1L
3 3
58. A compound made of two elements A and B (C) 1L = 10 m (D) 1L = 103 cm3
are found to contain 25% A (Atomic mass 68. Which out of the following is NOT a
12.5) and 75% B (Atomic mass 37.5). The homogeneous mixture?
simplest formula of the compound is _______. (A) Solution of glucose in water.
(A) AB (B) AB2 (B) Solution of salt in water.
(C) AB3 (D) A3B (C) Mixture of glucose solution and salt
solution.
59. _______ indicates the actual number of
(D) Mixture of oil and water.
constituent atoms in a molecule.
(A) Empirical formula 69. The molecular mass of hydrogen peroxide is
(B) Molecular formula 34. What is the unit of molecular mass?
(C) Empirical mass (A) g (B) mol
(D) Molecular mass (C) g mol1 (D) mol g1
60. Which of the following has same molecular Synthetic fabrics
formula and empirical formula?
(A) CO2 (B) C6H12O6
(C) C2H2 (D) C2H2O4
61. Empirical formula of glucose is _______.
(A) C6H12O6 (B) C6H11O6
(C) CHO (D) CH2O
1.9 Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
62. The starting material which takes part in
chemical reaction is called _______.
(A) product (B) reactant
(C) catalyst (D) starter
63. ________ is the quantitative relationship
Synthetic fabrics like nylon, terylene, etc., are man-
between the reactants and products in a made fabrics. They are very elastic and dry quickly
balanced chemical equation. after washing. They are mainly popular because of
(A) Stoichiometry (B) Complexometry their crease free nature i.e., they don’t need to be
(C) Chemistry (D) Reactions ironed !!!

7
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
8. Two elements, A and B, combine to form a
Critical Thinking compound in which ‘a’ g of A combines with
‘b1’ and ‘b2’ g of B respectively. According to
1.1 Importance and scope of chemistry law of multiple proportion _______.
(A) b1 = b2
1. Azidothymidine drug is used for treating
(B) b1 and b2 bear a simple whole number ratio
_______ patients.
(C) a is always equal to b1
(A) diabetes (B) AIDS
(D) no relation exists between b1 and b2
(C) jaundice (D) tuberculosis
9. After a chemical reaction, the total mass of
2. Which of the following indicates CORRECT
reactants and products _______.
reaction for photosynthesis?
(A) always increases
(A) C + O2 + H2O  Sunlight
Products (B) always decreases
(B) O2 + H2O  Products
Sunlight
(C) does not change
(C) CO2 + H2O  Sunlight
Products (D) always increases or decreases
(D) CO + H2O  Products
Sunlight
10. Two samples of lead oxide were separately
1.2 Historical approach to particulate reduced to metallic lead by heating in a
nature of matter current of hydrogen. The weight of lead from
one oxide was half the weight of lead obtained
3. Which of the following statements is from the other oxide. The data illustrates
INCORRECT? _______.
(A) Constituent substances in a mixture (A) law of reciprocal proportions
retain their separate identities. (B) law of constant proportions
(B) Composition of a mixture can be varied (C) law of multiple proportions
to any extent. (D) law of equivalent proportions
(C) Mixture of liquids are example of
homogeneous mixtures. 11. The law of multiple proportions is illustrated
(D) Mixtures can be separated into pure by the compounds _______.
components by simple physical (A) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
methods. (B) potassium bromide and potassium chloride
(C) ordinary water and heavy water (D2O)
4. The revised metric system in which units are
(D) calcium hydroxide and barium
expressed is _______.
hydroxide
(A) CGS (B) MKS
(C) FPS (D) SI 12. How many litres of ammonia will be formed
5. Electrochemical equivalence has unit when 2 L of N2 and 2 L of H2 are allowed to
_______. react?
(A) kg m s1 (B) kg m2 s1 (A) 0.665 (B) 1.0
(C) 1.33 (D) 4.00
(C) kg C1 (D) kg m1 s2
6. Magnitude of ‘pico’ is _______. 1.4 Dalton’s atomic theory
(A) 1012 (B) 1015 13. Which of the following statements is TRUE
(C) 10 12
(D) 109 according to Dalton’s atomic theory?
1.3 Laws of chemical combination (A) A chemical reaction involves only the
separation, combination or rearrangement
7. Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form H2O2 of integer number of atoms.
and H2O containing 5.93% and 11.29% of (B) Law of conservation of mass can be
hydrogen respectively. The data illustrates explained by assuming that total number
_______. of atoms in the reactants and products
(A) law of conservation of mass remain same.
(B) law of definite composition (C) During chemical reactions atoms are
(C) law of reciprocal proportion neither created nor destroyed.
(D) law of multiple proportion (D) All of these.

8
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
1.5 Concepts of elements, atoms and 21. 1 mol of CH4 contains _______.
molecules (A) 6.02  1023 atoms of H
(B) 4 g atom of H
14. Which of the following statements is
(C) 1.81  1023 molecules of CH4
INCORRECT?
(D) 3.0 g of carbon
(A) Atoms may or may not have free
existence. 22. The mass of 1 atom of hydrogen is _______.
(B) A molecule may contain atoms of same (A) 1 g (B) 0.5 g
elements or different elements. (C) 1.6  1024 g (D) 3.2  1024 g
(C) A molecule can be divided into the its 23. 1 gram atom of nitrogen represents _______.
constituent atoms by simple methods. (A) 6.02  1023 N2 molecules
(D) The properties of constituent atoms and (B) 22.4 L of N2 at N.T.P.
the compounds formed from them are (C) 11.2 L of N2 at N.T.P.
completely different. (D) 28 g of nitrogen
1.6 Atomic and molecular masses 24. The number of molecules in 22.4 dm3 of
nitrogen gas at STP is _______.
15. Isotopes are the atoms of the same element
(A) 6.023  1020 (B) 6.023  1023
having _______.
(C) 22.4  1020 (D) 22.4  1023
(A) different number of protons
(B) different number of electrons 25. 27 g of Al (Atomic mass = 27) will combine
(C) different number of neutrons with _______ of O2 to form aluminium oxide.
(D) same number of neutrons (A) 24 g (B) 8 g
(C) 40 g (D) 10 g
16. Which of the following indicates natural
abundance of neon – 20 isotope? 26. How many moles of electrons weigh one kilogram?
(A) 90.92 u 1
(A) 6.022  1023 (B)  1031
(B) 90.92 % 9.108
(C) 90.92 gm mol–1 6.022 1
(D) 90.92  0.012 kg of 12C (C)  1054 (D)  108
9.108 9.108  6.022
17. In chemical scale, the relative mass of the 27. Which of the following has maximum number
isotopic mixture of oxygen atoms (16O, 17O, of atoms?
18
O) is assumed to be equal to _______. (A) 18 g of H2O (B) 16 g of O2
(A) 15.002 (B) 16.00 (C) 4.4 g of CO2 (D) 16 g of CH4
(C) 17.00 (D) 18.00 28. The number of sulphur atoms present in
1.7 Avogadro’s law, Avogadro’s number 0.2 moles of S8 molecules is _______.
and mole concept (A) 4.82  1023 (B) 9.63  1022
23
(C) 9.63  10 (D) 1.20  1023
18. The number of moles of sodium oxide in
29. What will be the volume of CO2 at NTP
620 g is _______.
obtained on heating 10 grams of (90% pure)
(A) 1 mol (B) 10 moles
limestone?
(C) 18 moles (D) 100 moles
(A) 22.4 litre (B) 2.016 litre
19. The number of water molecules in 1 litre of (C) 2.24 litre (D) 20.16 litre
water is _______. 1.8 Percentage composition and empirical
(A) 18 (B) 18  1000 and molecular formula
(C) NA (D) 55.55 NA
30. If two compounds have the same empirical
20. How many atoms are contained in one mole of formula but different molecular formula, they
sucrose (C12H22O11)? must have _______.
(A) 45  6.023  1023 atoms/mole (A) different percentage composition
(B) 5  6.623  1023 atoms/mole (B) different molecular weights
(C) 5  6.023  1023 atoms/mole (C) same viscosity
(D) None of these (D) same vapour density

9
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
31. Which pair of species have same percentage of Miscellaneous
carbon?
40. Which of the following is a compound?
(A) CH3COOH and C6H12O6
(A) Diamond
(B) CH3COOH and C2H5OH
(B) Charcoal
(C) HCOOCH3 and C12H22O11 (C) Baking powder
(D) C6H12O6 and C12H22O11 (D) 22 Carat Gold
32. Percentage of nitrogen in urea is about 41. The number of atoms in 6 amu of He is
_______. _______.
(A) 46 % (B) 85 % (A) 18
(C) 18 % (D) 28 % (B) 18  6.022  1023
(C) 54
33. Two elements X (Atomic mass 75) and Y
(D) 54  6.023  1023
(Atomic mass 12) combine to give a
compound having 75.8% X. The empirical 42. Two elements, X (Atomic mass 16) and Y
formula of the compound is _______. (Atomic mass 14) combine to form compounds
(A) XY (B) XY2 A, B and C. The ratio of different masses of Y
(C) X2Y2 (D) X2Y3 which combine with fixed mass of X in A, B and
C is 1:3:5. If 32 parts by mass of X combine
34. The molecular mass of an organic compound with 84 parts by mass of Y in B, then in C, 16
is 78. Its empirical formula is CH. The parts by mass of X will combine with _______.
molecular formula is _______. (A) 14 parts by mass of Y
(A) C2H4 (B) C2H2 (B) 42 parts by mass of Y
(C) C6H6 (D) C4H4 (C) 70 parts by mass of Y
(D) 82 parts by mass of Y
35. The empirical formula of a compound is
CH2O. 0.0835 moles of the compound 43. Which of the following is the value of amu?
contains 1.0 g of hydrogen. Molecular formula (A) 1.57  1024 kg (B) 1.66  1024 kg
of the compound is ________. (C) 1.99  1023 kg (D) 1.66  1027 kg
(A) C6H12O6 (B) C5H10O5
(C) C4H8O4 (D) C3H6O3
The Search for God Particle!!!
1.9 Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
36. Calculate the number of moles of methane
required to produce 33 g of carbon dioxide gas
on its complete combustion.
(A) 0.15 moles (B) 0.50 moles
(C) 0.75 moles (D) 0.95 moles
37. The volume of ammonia obtained by the
combination of 10 mL of N2 and 30 mL H2 is
_______.
(A) 20 mL (B) 40 mL
(C) 30 mL (D) 10 mL
The experiment for the search of the Higgs boson,
38. What mass of CaO will be obtained by heating
known as ‘God particle’, using Large Hadron
3 mole of CaCO3? [Atomic mass of Ca = 40]
Collider (LHC) was an international effort involving
(A) 150 g (B) 168 g
thousands of people, with physicists and engineers.
(C) 16.8 g (D) 15 g
The LHC is the world's largest and most
39. 3 g of H2 reacts with 29 g of O2 to yield water. powerful particle collider that consists of a 27-
Which is the limiting reactant? kilometre ring of superconducting magnets with a
(A) H2 (B) O2 number of accelerating structures to boost the
(C) H2O (D) none of there energy of the particles along the way.

10
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
6. Boron has two stable isotopes, 10B (19%) and
Competitive Thinking 11
B (81%). The atomic mass that should
appear for boron in the periodic table is
1.3 Laws of chemical combination _______.
1. Which of the following is the best example of [CBSE PMT 1990]
law of conservation of mass? (A) 10.0 (B) 10.2
[NCERT 1975] (C) 10.8 (D) 11.2
(A) 12 g of carbon combines with 32 g of
7. An element, X has the following isotopic
oxygen to form 44 g of CO2.
composition.
(B) When 12 g of carbon is heated in a 200
X : 90% ; 199X : 8.0% ; 202X : 2.0%
vacuum there is no change in mass.
The weighed average atomic mass of the naturally
(C) A sample of air increases in volume
occurring element X is close to _______.
when heated at constant pressure but its
[CBSE PMT 2007]
mass remains unaltered.
(A) 200 amu (B) 210 amu
(D) The weight of a piece of platinum is the
(C) 202 amu (D) 199 amu
same before and after heating in air.

2. A sample of pure carbon dioxide, irrespective 1.7 Avogadro’s law, Avogadro’s number
of its source contains 27.27% carbon and and mole concept
72.73% oxygen. The data supports _______. 8. The number of atoms in 4.25 g of NH3 is
[AIIMS 1992] approximately _______.
(A) law of definite composition [CBSE PMT 1999; MH CET 2003]
(B) law of conservation of mass (A) 1  1023 (B) 2  1023
(C) law of reciprocal proportions (C) 4  1023 (D) 6  1023
(D) law of multiple proportions
9. The weight of 1  1022 molecules of
3. The law of multiple proportions was proposed CuSO4.5H2O is _______. [IIT 1991]
by _______. [IIT 1992] (A) 41.59 g (B) 415.9 g
(A) Lavoisier (B) Dalton (C) 4.159 g (D) none of these
(C) Proust (D) Gay-Lussac
10. What amount of dioxygen (in gram) contains
1.6 Atomic and molecular masses 1.8  1022 molecules?
4. Which property of an element is always a whole [KCET 2015]
number? (A) 0.0960 (B) 0.960
[CPMT 1986; MP PMT 1986] (C) 9.60 (D) 96.0
(A) Atomic weight 11. The number of oxygen atoms in 4.4 g of CO2
(B) Atomic volume is approximately _______.
(C) Atomic number [CBSE PMT 1990; KCET 2016]
(D) All of these (A) 1.2  1023 (B) 6  1022
5. The weight of a molecule of the compound (C) 6  1023 (D) 12  1023
C60H122 is _______. [AIIMS 2000] 12. The volume occupied by 4.4 g of CO2 at STP
21
(A) 1.4  10 g is _______.
(B) 1.09  1021 g [AFMC 1997, 2004]
(C) 5.025  1023 g (A) 0.1 L (B) 0.224 L
(D) 16.023  1023 g (C) 2.24 L (D) 22.4 L
11
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
13. The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of a triatomic 20. How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be
gas is _______. (NA = 6.02  1023 mol1) formed from a reaction between 6.5 g of PbO
[CBSE PMT 2010] and 3.2 g of HCl?
(A) 1.800  10 22
(B) 6.026  1022 [CBSE PMT 2008]
(C) 1.806  1023 (D) 3.600  1023 (A) 0.011 (B) 0.029
(C) 0.333 (D) 0.044
14. The system that contains the maximum
numbers of atoms is _______. 1.8 Percentage composition and empirical
[WB JEEM 2014] and molecular formula
(A) 4.25 g of NH3
21. The empirical formula of an acid is CH2O2,
(B) 8 g of O2
the probable molecular formula of acid may be
(C) 2 g of H2
_______.
(D) 4 g of He
[AFMC 2000]
15. Assuming fully decomposed, the volume of (A) CH2O (B) CH2O2
CO2 released at STP on heating 9.85 g of (C) C2H4O2 (D) C3H6O4
BaCO3 (Atomic mass of Ba = 137) will be 22. A compound (80 g) on analysis gave C = 24 g,
_______. [CBSE PMT 2000] H = 4 g, O = 32 g. Its empirical formula is
(A) 0.84 L (B) 2.24 L _______. [CPMT 1981]
(C) 4.06 L (D) 1.12 L (A) C2H2O2 (B) C2H2O
(C) CH2O2 (D) CH2O
16. The numbers of moles of BaCO3 which
contain 1.5 moles of oxygen atoms is 23. An organic compound contains carbon hydrogen
_______. [EAMCET 1991] and oxygen. Its elemental analysis gave C,
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 38.71% and H, 9.67 % and O, 51.62%. the
(C) 3 (D) 6.02  1023 empirical formula of the compound would be
_______. [CBSE PMT 2008]
17. The number of moles of oxygen in 1 L of air
(A) CHO (B) CH4O
containing 21% oxygen by volume in standard
conditions is _______. (C) CH3O (D) CH2O
[CBSE PMT 1995] 1.9 Chemical reactions and stoichiometry
(A) 0.0093 mol (B) 0.186 mol
24. The percentage of Se in peroxidase
(C) 0.21 mol (D) 2.10 mol
anhydrous enzyme is 0.5% by weight
18. 1 mL of water contains 20 drops. Then (atomic mass = 78.4). Then minimum
number of molecules in a drop of water is molecular mass of peroxidase anhydrous
_______ molecules. enzyme is _______.
[AFMC 2010] [CBSE PMT 2001]
4
(A) 6.023  1023
(B) 1.376  1026 (A) 1.568  10 (B) 1.568  103
(C) 1.344  1018 (D) 4.346  1020 (C) 15.68 (D) 3.136  104

19. What volume of hydrogen gas, at 273 K and 25. During electrolysis of water the volume of O2
1 atm pressure will be consumed in obtaining liberated is 2.24 dm3. The volume of hydrogen
21.6 g of elemental boron (atomic mass = 10.8) liberated, under same conditions will be
from the reduction of boron trichloride by _______.
hydrogen? [AIEEE 2003] [AIIMS 2008]
(A) 22.4 L (B) 89.6 L (A) 0.56 dm3 (B) 1.12 dm3
(C) 67.2 L (D) 44.8 L (C) 2.24 dm3 (D) 4.48 dm3
12
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
26. What volume of oxygen gas (O2) measured at 32. 1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in
0 C and 1 atm, is needed to burn completely a closed vessel. Which reactant is left in
1 L of propane gas (C3H8) measured under excess and how much?
same conditions? [CBSE PMT 2008] (At wt. Mg = 24; O = 16) [AIPMT 2014]
(A) 5 L (B) 10 L (A) Mg, 0.16 g
(C) 7 L (D) 6 L
(B) O2, 0.16 g
27. In the reaction, (C) Mg, 0.44 g
 
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3(aq) + 6Cl(aq) + 3H2(g)
(D) O2, 0.28 g
[AIEEE 2007]
(A) 6 L HCl(aq) is consumed for every 3 L 33. Haemoglobin contains 0.33% of iron by
H2(g) produced. weight. The molecular weight of haemoglobin
(B) 33.6 L H2(g) is produced regardless of is approximately 67200. The number of iron
temperature and pressure for every mole atoms (At. wt. of Fe = 56) present in one
Al that reacts. molecule of haemoglobin is _______.
(C) 67.2 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every [CBSE PMT 1998]
mole Al that reacts. (A) 1 (B) 2
(D) 11.2 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every
(C) 4 (D) 6
mole HCl(aq) consumed.
28. How many moles of magnesium phosphate, 34. The number of water molecules is maximum
Mg3(PO4)2 will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen in _______.
atoms? [AIEEE 2006] [AIPMT RE-TEST 2015]
(A) 0.02 (B) 3.125  102 (A) 18 gram of water
(C) 1.25  102 (D) 2.5  102 (B) 18 moles of water
(C) 18 molecules of water
29. 10 g hydrogen is reacted with 64 g oxygen.
The amount of water formed will be (in (D) 1.8 gram of water
moles) _______. [BCECE 2015] 35. If Avogadro number NA, is changed from
(A) 3 (B) 4
6.022  1023 mol1 to 6.022  1020 mol1, this
(C) 1 (D) 2
would change _______.
Miscellaneous [AIPMT RE-TEST 2015]
30. The ratio of masses of oxygen and nitrogen in (A) the ratio of chemical species to each
a particular gaseous mixture is 1 : 4. The ratio other in a balanced equation
of number of their molecule is _______. (B) the ratio of elements to each other in a
[AFMC 2006, JEE(MAIN) 2014] compound
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 7 : 32 (C) the definition of mass in units of grams
(C) 1 : 8 (D) 3 : 16 (D) the mass of one mole of carbon
31. 20.0 g of a magnesium carbonate sample
36. Suppose the elements X and Y combine to
decomposes on heating to give carbon dioxide
form two compounds XY2 and X3Y2. When
and 8.0 g magnesium oxide. What will be the
0.1 mole of XY2 weighs 10 g and 0.05 mole of
percentage purity of magnesium carbonate in
X3Y2 weighs 9 g, the atomic weights of X and
the sample?
Y are _______ .
[AIPMT RE-TEST 2015]
(A) 60 (B) 84 [NEET P-II 2016]
(C) 75 (D) 96 (A) 30, 20 (B) 40, 30
(At. Wt. : Mg = 24) (C) 60, 40 (D) 20, 30
13
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 

Answer Key

Classical Thinking

1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (D)
11. (C) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (D) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (C) 36. (C) 37. (C) 38. (A) 39. (B) 40. (A)
41. (B) 42. (A) 43. (C) 44. (D) 45. (D) 46. (C) 47. (B) 48. (D) 49. (A) 50. (C)
51. (A) 52. (C) 53. (C) 54. (A) 55. (A) 56. (A) 57. (C) 58. (A) 59. (B) 60. (A)
61. (D) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (C) 65. (D) 66. (C) 67. (C) 68. (D) 69. (C)

Critical Thinking

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (A) 26. (D) 27. (D) 28. (C) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (A) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (C)
41. (A) 42. (C) 43. (D)

Competitive Thinking
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (C) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (A) 27. (D) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (B)

Hints

Classical Thinking 41. Molecular mass of H2 = 2 g

2 g will contain 6.02  1023 molecules of H2.
17. BaCl2 + H2SO4  HCl + BaSO4 6.02  1023
 1 g of H2 will contain molecules
 20.8 + 9.8 = 7.3 + x 2
x = 23.3 = 3.01  1023 molecules
44. Molecular formula of benzene is C6H6.
22. CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O  Molecular mass = sum of atomic weight of all
(1 vol.) (2 vol.) (1 vol.) (2 vol.) the atoms
3 3  Molecular mass = 12  6 + 6  1 = 72 + 6 = 78
 1 cm of CH4 requires 2 cm of O2 for its
 According to Avogadro’s law, the gram
complete combustion molecule of benzene is equal to 78 g of C6H6.
 0.25 cm3 of CH4 gives 0.5 cm3 of O2. 45. Atomic mass of the element
= 1.792  1022  6.022  1023 = 108
29. u means unified mass.
46. 1 mole of ozone(O3) = 48 g
37. Volume of a gas is directly proportional to its 0.5  48
 0.5 mole of ozone(O3) = = 24 g.
number of moles. 1
14
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
47. Number of molecules = n  6.022  1023 58.
mass of oxygen 16 % Atomic
Now, n = = = 0.5 Elements Moles Ratio
molar mass of oxygen 32 Composition Mass
 Number of molecules = 0.5  6.022  1023 A 25 12.5
25
=2
2
=1
= 3.011  1023 12.5 2
75 2
48. 2 gram mole of CO2  88 gm of CO2 B 75 37.5 =2 =1
37.5 2
0.1 mole of sucrose (C12H22O11)  34.2 gm of
sucrose Hence, the simplest formula of the compound
1 gram atom of calcium  40 gm of calcium is AB.
1.5 mole of water  2.7 gm of water
 1.5 mole of water weighs the least amongst 67. 1L = 103m3 = 103cm3 = 1dm3 = 103ml.
the given options.
16 1 Critical Thinking
49. 16 g O2 has number of moles  
32 2 3. Mixture of liquids may be homogeneous or
14 1 heterogeneous mixtures.
14 g N2 has number of moles  
28 2
12. N2 + 3H2  2NH3
Number of moles are same, so number of
(1 vol.) (3 vol.) (2 vol.)
molecules are same.
3 volumes of H2 gives 2 volumes of ammonia
51. Vn 2 2
 2 L of H2 will give = L of ammonia
Number of moles (n) 3
Mass of the substance = 1.33 L of ammonia
=
Molar mass of the substance
14. A molecule cannot be divided into its
mass constituent atoms by simple methods.
 n=
atomic mass(M) However, under drastic conditions, it can be
1 decomposed into constituent atoms.
 Vn
M 15. Isotopes are the atoms of the same element
Atomic Mass of O = 16 having same atomic number (i.e., containing
Atomic Mass of N = 14 same number of protons and electrons) but
V(O) n (O) M(N) different mass number (i.e., different number
   of neutrons).
V( N ) n ( N) M (O)
V(O) 14 7 16. The natural abundance means percentage
  occurrence.
V( N) 16 8
 The ratio is 7 : 8 18. Molecular weight of sodium oxide (Na2O)
= 46+16 = 62
55. Urea [H2N – CO – NH2] 62 gm of Na2O = 1 mole
 60 gm of urea contains 12 g of carbon. 620 gm of Na2O = 10 moles.
12 M
 100 gm of urea contains  100 = 20% 19. d= (d = density, M= mass, V = volume)
60 V
56. In Fe(CNS)3.3H2O Since d = 1
3 18 So, M = V
% of H2O =  100 = 19% 18 gm = 18 mL
284
18 mL = NA molecules (NA = Avogadro's
57.  40 gm NaOH contains 16 gm of oxygen number)
16 N
 100 gm of NaOH contains 100 = 40% oxygen. 1000 mL = A  1000 = 55.555 NA.
40 18
15
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
20. 1 mole of sucrose contains 29. CaCO3  CaO + CO2
6.023  1023 molecules 10 g
 1 molecule of sucrose has 45 atoms 10 g of 90% pure CaCO3  9 gm of CaCO3
 6.023  1023 molecule of sucrose has  Number of moles of CaCO3
Mass of CaCO3 in gm
45  6.023  1023 atoms/mole =
Molecular weight of CaCO3 in gm
22. 6.022  1023 atoms of H weighs 1 g. 9
1  Number of moles of CaCO3 =
 Mass of 1 atom of hydrogen = 100
6.022 1023 = 0.09 mole
= 1.6  1024 g CaCO3  CO2 = 0.09 mole
23. 1 gram atom of nitrogen  22.4 L of N At NTP Vol. CO2 = 0.09  22.4
(molar volume at N.T.P.) = 2.016 L.
 11.2 L of N2 31. Molecular mass of CH3COOH = 60
24. At S.T.P, 24
 % of C in CH3COOH =  100 = 40%
22.4 dm3 of any gas  6.023  1023 molecules 60
Similarly,
25. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3 Molecular weight of C6H12O6 = 180
(108 g) (96 g) (204 g) 72
108 g Al combines with 96 g of O2  % of C in C6H12O6 =  100 = 40%
180
96  27
27 g Al combines with = 24 g 32. Molecular mass of Urea i.e., H2N – C – NH2 is 60.
108
O
26. 1 mole  6.022  1023 electrons
urea has 2 N atoms.
One electron weighs 9.108  1031 kg
 mass of N = 2  14 = 28
 1 mole of electrons weighs 28
6.022  1023  9.108  10–31 kg  % of N in urea =  100 = 46.6 %
60
 Number of moles that will weigh 1 kg
33. % of X = 75.8
1
= moles  % of Y = 100 – 75.8 = 24.2
6.022  1023  9.108  1031
1 Element % Atomic ratio Simplest
  108 moles of electrons will Composition ratio
9.108  6.022
X 75.8 75.8 1.011
weigh one kilogram. = 1.011 =1
75 1.011
27. 18 g of H2O  1 mole = 3  NA atoms Y 24.2 24.2 2.02
= 2.02 =
(Number of atoms = n  NA  Atomicity) 12 1.011
1 1 1.99  2
16 g of O2  mole = 2  NA atoms
2 2 Thus, empirical formula of the compound is
1 1 XY2.
4.4 g of CO2  mole  3   NA atoms
10 10 34. Empirical formula mass = CH = 12 + 1 = 13
16 g of CH4  1 mole = 5  NA atoms Molecular mass = 78
 maximum number of atoms is present in 16 g
of CH4. Molecular mass 78
r= = =6
Empirical mass 13
28. Number of atoms = n  NA  Atomicity
Number of S atoms Molecular formula = r  Empirical formula
= 6.022  1023  0.2  8 = 6  CH
 9.63  1023 = C6H6

16
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
35. Since, 0.0835 mole of compound contains 1
41. mass of one atom =  Atomic mass amu
1 gm of hydrogen 12
 1 g mole of compound contain 1 1
mass of 1 He atom =  4 = amu
1 12 3
=  11.97  12 g of hydrogen.
0.0835  mass of x He atoms = 6 amu
12 g of H is present in C2H12O6  x = 6  3 = 18 atoms.
42. In compound B, 32 parts of X react with 84
36. CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O parts of Y.
(12+4) (232) (12+32) (218)  In compound B, 16 parts of X react with 42
parts of Y.
16 g 62 g 44 g 36 g
In compound C, 16 parts of X react with x
16 g CH4  44 g of CO2 parts of Y.
33  16 The ratio of masses of Y which combine with
33g of CO2  fixed mass of X in compounds B and C is 3:5.
44
= 12 g of CH4 B 42 3
12 C x 5
Number of moles =
16 42  5
 x= = 70
= 0.75 moles of methane 3
37. N2  2NH3
+ 3H2 
10 mL 30 mL 20 mL Competitive Thinking
Thus, ammonia obtained in the reversible 5. Molecular weight of C60H122
reaction of NH3 is 20 mL. = 12  60 + 122  1
 = 720 + 122
38. 3CaCO2   3CaO + 3CO2
= 842
 Molecular mass of CaO is = 40 + 16
 6  1023 molecules = 842 g
= 56
842
 3 moles of CaO is formed in the reaction. 1 molecule =
6  1023
 3  56 = 168 g of CaO is formed. = 140.33  1023
= 1.4  1021 g
39. 2H2 + O2  2H2O
2 10  19  81  11
Ratio of mole of reactant, H2 : O2 = =2 6. Atomic mass =
1 100
Actual amount 3 g of H2 and 29 g of O2. 1081
= = 10.81
3 29 100
= 1.5 mol of H2 and = 0.91 mol of O2.
2 32
7. Average atomic mass
1.5
Ratio of actual moles of H2 : O2 = = 1.66 200  90  199  8  202  2
0.91 = = 199.96  200
Theoretical ratio of moles of H2 : O2 = 2 100
Actual ratio of moles of H2 : O2 = 1.66
8. Molecular mass of NH3 = 14 + (3  1) = 17
Hence, H2 is limiting reactant and O2 is excess
reactant. 4.25
Number of moles = = 0.25
17
40. Baking powder or sodium hydrogen carbonate Number of molecules of NH3 = 0.25  NA
(NaHCO3) is a compound. Diamond and
charcoal are different physical forms of the = 1.506  1023 molecules
carbon element. One molecule of NH3 contains 4 atoms.
17
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
 1.506  1023 molecules will contain 17 g of NH3 = 4  NA atoms
= 1.506  1023  4  4.25 
= 6.023  1023 atoms  6  1023 atoms.  4.25 g of NH3 =    4  NA = NA atoms
 17 
9. Molecular mass of CuSO4.5H2O 32 g of O2 = 2  NA atoms
= Cu + 32 + (9  O) + (10  H) 28 N
 8 g of O2 =  NA = A atoms
= 63.5 + 32 + (9  16) + (10  1) 32 2
= 249.5 g 2 g of H2 = 2  NA atoms
6.023  1023 molecules of CuSO4.5H2O = 2NA atoms
weighs 249.5 g 4 g of He = NA atoms
 1  1022 molecules of CuSO4.5H2O Thus, the system that contains 2 g of H2 has
249.5  1  1022 maximum numbers of atoms.
will weigh = 4.159 g
6.023  1023
15. BaCO3  BaO + CO2
23
10. 6.022 10 dioxygen molecules are present in Molecular weight of BaCO3
1 mole i.e., 32 g of dioxygen. = 137 + 12 + (3  16)
= 197
 1.8  1022 dioxygen molecules will be present
22.4 L of CO2 is released by 197 g of BaCO3
1.8  1022  32
in = 0.96 g of dioxygen.  x L of CO2 is released by 9.85 g of BaCO3
6.022  1023
22.4  9.85
x= = 1.12 L
11. Number of moles in 4.4 g of CO2 197
4.4
= = 0.1 16. Since, 1 mole of BaCO3 contains 3 moles of
44
oxygen
Number of oxygen atoms in 1 mole of CO2
1 1
= 2  NA  1.5 moles of oxygen   1.5 = = 0.5
3 2
 Number of oxygen atoms in 0.1 mole of CO2
moles of BaCO3
= 0.1  2  NA
= 0.2  6.022  1023 17. 1 L of air = 1000 mL = 1000 cc.
= 1.20  1023 1000 cc of air contains 210 cc of O2
1 mole = 22.4 L = 22400 cc.
12. Volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at STP 210
= 22.4 dm3  number of moles of O2 = = 0.0093 moles.
22400
 Volume occupied by 4.4 g of CO2 i.e., 0.1
mole of CO2 at STP = 2.24 dm3 = 2.24 L 18. 22.4 L of water contains NA molecules
22400 mL of water contains NA molecules
13. Number of atoms
1 mL of water i.e., 20 drops contains
= n  NA  Atomicity NA
molecules
= 0.1  NA  3 ( It’s a triatomic gas) 22400
= 6.02  1022  3 NA 6.022  1023
 1 drop contains =
= 18.06  1022 22400  20 448  103
= 1.806  1023 = 1.344  1018

14. Total number of atoms in molecule 3

19. BCl3 + H2  B + 3HCl
= n  NA  Atomicity 2
Atomicity’s of NH3, O2, H2 and He molecules 3
moles of H2  1 mole of B
are 4, 2, 2 and 1 respectively. 2
18
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry
21.6 1
number of moles of B = =2 25. H2O  H2 + O2
10.8 2
 x moles of H2  2 moles of B H2 : O2 = 2 : 1
moles of H2 = 3  for 2.24 dm3 of O2, H2 liberated will be 4.48 dm3
volume = 3  22.4 = 67.2 L
26. C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
20. Molecular weight of PbO = 207.2 + 16
(1 vol) (5 vol)
= 223.2
 1 L of propane gas will require 5 L of O2
Molecular weight of PbCl2 = 207.2 + 2(35.5)
= 278.2 27. 
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3(aq) 
+ 6Cl(aq) + 3H2(g)
223.2 g of PbO gives 278.2 g of PbCl2
6.5  278.2 1
 6.5 g of PbO will give = For each mole of HCl reacted mole of H2 is
2
223.2
formed.
= 8.102 g of PbCl2
8.102  volume of H2 gas formed at STP per mole of
 moles of PbCl2 obtained = = 0.029 moles. 1
278.2 HCl is =  22.4 = 11.2 L.
2
21. Empirical formula of an acid is CH2O2
(Empirical formula)  n = Molecular formula 28. 1 mole of Mg3(PO4)2 gives 8 moles of O2
n = whole number multiple i.e., 1,2,3,4.............. x moles will give 0.25 moles of O2
If n = 1 molecular formula CH2O2. 0.25
x= = 3.125  102 moles.
22. C = 24 g, H = 4 g, O = 32 g 8
So, Molecular formula = C2H4O2
29. 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)
So, Empirical formula = CH2O
Ratio of moles of reactants, H2 : O2 = 2 : 1
(Simplest formula).
Actual amount of reactants: 10 g H2 and
23. Relative number of atoms of 64 g O2
38.71 Actual moles of reactants: 5 mol H2 and 2 mol O2
C= = 3.22
12 Ratio of actual moles of reactants,
9.67 H2 : O2 = 5 : 2 = 2.5 : 1
H= = 9.67
1
 The limiting reactant is O2.
51.62
O= = 3.22 Now, 1 mole of oxygen gives 2 moles of
16 water. Hence, 2 moles of oxygen will give 4
Simplest ratio : C : H : O moles of water.
3.22 9.67 3.22
: :
3.22 3.22 3.22 30. Both O2 and N2 are diatomic.
1:3:1  ratio of their number of molecules will be
 Empirical formula = CH3O equal to ratio of their number of moles.
weight of O 2
24. Since, 0.5 g Se  100 gm peroxidase anhydrous number of moles of O2 =
32
enzyme
100  78.4 weight of N 2
 78.4 g Se = = 1.568  104 number of moles of N2 =
0.5 28
Minimum molecular mass of peroxidase number of moles of O2 = number of moles of N2
anhydrous enzyme means molecule atleast weight of O2 weight of N 2
=
contains one selenium atom. 32 28
19
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 
1 4 35. When Avogadro number is 6.022  1023 mol1,
:
32 28 the mass of 1 mol of carbon = 12 g
1 1  Mass of 1 mol of carbon when Avogadro
:
32 7 number is 6.022  1020 mol1
 ratio is 7 : 32 12  6.022  1020
= = 12  103 g
6.022  10 23
31. MgCO3(s)  MgO(s) + CO2(g)
Thus, the mass of 1 mol of carbon is changed.
Molar mass of MgCO3 = 84 g mol1
20 36. 0.1 mol of XY2 = 10 g
 Number of moles of MgCO3 =  1 mol of XY2 = 100 g
84
= 0.238 mol i.e, Molecular weight of XY2 = 100
0.05 mol of X3Y2 = 9 g
 1 mole MgCO3 gives 1 mole MgO
 1 mol of X3Y2 = 180 g
 0.238 mole MgCO3 will give 0.238 mole MgO. i.e., Molecular weight of X3Y2 = 180
Molar mass of MgO= 40 g mol1 Let atomic weights of X and Y be x and y
 0.238 mole MgO = 40  0.238 respectively.
= 9.52 g MgO  x + 2y = 100 ….(1)
 Theoretical yield of MgO = 9.52 g 3x + 2y = 180 ….(2)
Practical yield of MgO is 8.0 g Substrating (1) from (2),
8 2x = 180  100
 Percentage purity = 100
9.52  x = 40
= 84% Substituting x = 40 in (1),
40 + 2y = 100
32. 2Mg + O2  MgO
 y = 30
(224) (32)
48 g of Mg requires 32 g of O2
0.56  48
 0.56 g of O2 requires =
32
= 0.84 g of Mg
 Mg left = 1  0.84 = 0.16 g
33. 100 g of haemoglobin contains 0.33 g of Fe
 67200 g of haemoglobin contains
67200  0.33
=
100
= 221.76 g of Fe.
221.76
Number of atoms of Fe =
56
= 3.96  4
34. 1 mole of water = 18 g of water
= 6.022 1023 molecules of
water
23
 18 moles of water = 18  6.022  10
molecules of water
= 1.08396  1025 molecules
of water
20
 Chapter 01: Some  Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Evaluation Test

1. Weight of 112 mL of oxygen at NTP on 10. In the reaction,

liquefaction would be _______. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), When
(A) 0.32 g (B) 0.64 g 1 mole of ammonia and 1 mole of O2 are made
(C) 0.16 g (D) 0.96 g to react to completion _______.
(A) 1.0 mole of H2O is produced
2. The largest number of molecules is present in (B) 1.0 mole of NO will be produced
_______. (C) all the oxygen will be consumed
(A) 54 g of nitrogen peroxide (D) all the ammonia will be consumed
(B) 28 g of carbon dioxide
(C) 36 g of water 11. What weight of SO2 can be obtained by
(D) 46 g of ethyl alcohol burning sulphur in 5.0 moles of oxygen?
(A) 640 grams (B) 160 grams
3. The mass of a molecule of water is _______. (C) 80 grams (D) 320 grams
(A) 3  1026 kg (B) 3  1025 kg 12. The INCORRECT statement for 14 g of CO is
(C) 1.5  1026 kg (D) 2.5  1026 kg _______.
4. The modern atomic weight scale is based on (A) it occupies 2.24 L at NTP
_______. 1
(B) it corresponds to mole of CO
(A) 12C (B) 16O 2
(C) 1H (D) 13C (C) it corresponds to half mole of N2
(D) it corresponds to 3.011023 molecules of CO
5. Which of the following gives CORRECT
order of increasing masses? 13. The number of gram atom of oxygen in
(Atomic mass: N = 14, O = 16, Cu = 63). 6.02  1024 CO molecules is _______.
I. 1 molecule of oxygen (A) 1 (B) 0.5
II. 1 atom of nitrogen (C) 5 (D) 10
III. 1  1010 g molecular weight of oxygen
14. A hydrocarbon contains 80% carbon. What is
IV. 1  1010 g atomic weight of copper
the empirical formula of the compound?
(A) II < I < III < IV (B) IV < III < II < I
(A) CH2 (B) CH3
(C) II < III < I < IV (D) III < IV < I < II
(C) CH4 (D) C2H3
6. What is the weight of oxygen required for the 15. Which of the following drug-ailment pairs is
complete combustion of 2.8 kg of ethylene? CORRECT?
(A) 2.8 kg (B) 6.4 kg (A) Tamiflu  cancer
(C) 9.6 kg (D) 96 kg (B) Cisplatin  AIDS
7. 100 mL of PH3 on decomposition produced (C) L-dopa  Parkinsons disease
phosphorus and hydrogen. The change in (D) Taxol  diabetes
volume is _______.
(A) 50 mL increase (B) 500 mL decrease Answers to Evaluation Test
(C) 900 mL decrease (D) nil
8. The molecular weight of a gas is 45. Its 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A)
density at STP is _______. 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (D)
(A) 22.4 (B) 11.2
(C) 5.7 (D) 2.0 9. (D) 10. (C) 11. (D) 12. (A)

9. A sample of phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (C)
contains 1.4 moles of the substance. How
many atoms are there in the sample?
(A) 4 (B) 5.6
(C) 8.431  1023 (D) 3.372  1024
21
Std. XI : Triumph Chemistry 

Evaluation Test
1. In which of the following, C – H bond length is minimum?
(A) sp  s overlapping (as in alkynes). (B) sp2  s overlapping (as in alkenes).
(C) sp3  s overlapping (as in alkanes). (D) All have the same bond length.
2. A straight chain hydrocarbon has the molecular formula C8H10. The hybridisation for the carbon atoms from
one end of the chain to the other are respectively sp3, sp2, sp2, sp3, sp2, sp2, sp and sp. The structural formula
of the hydrocarbon would be _______.
(A) CH3  C  C  CH2  CH = CH  CH = CH2
(B) CH3  CH2  CH = CH  CH2  C  C  CH = CH2
(C) CH3  CH = CH  CH2  C  C  CH = CH2
(D) CH3  CH = CH  CH2  CH = CH  C  CH
3. Which of the following reagents will be able to distinguish between but-1-yne and but-2-yne?
(A) NaNH2 (B) HCl
(C) O2 (D) Br2
4. The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is _______ bond(s).
(A) one sigma and two pi (B) one sigma and one pi
(C) two sigma and one pi (D) two sigma and two pi
5. In the molecule, CH3  CH2  C  CH, % p-character in C2 carbon atom is _______.
(A) 50% (B) 75%
(C) 25% (D) 67%

Answers to Evaluation Test

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A)

386