Table of Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Project Information .......................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Salient Features ......................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Site Condition ........................................................................................................... 4
2. Analysis Technology and Methodology ................................................................................. 5
2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Codes and Standard used.................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Software Used ....................................................................................................................... 6
3. Analysis................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Material properties .......................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Concrete ......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel .................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Section Properties ............................................................................................................. 8
3.3 Loadings ........................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.1 Load Cases ................................................................................................................ 9
3.3.2 Load Combination .................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Estimation of Load ................................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load) ....................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 Live Load ................................................................................................................ 11
3.4.3 Seismic Load ........................................................................................................... 13
3.4.4 Response spectrum....................................................................................................... 13
4. Analysis and Design ............................................................................................................. 15
4.1 Time period and Base shear coefficient .............................................................................. 15
4.2 Calculation of Base Shear ................................................................................................... 15
4.3 Summary of Drift and mass participation ratios ................................................................. 15
4.3.1 Storey Displacement and Storey Drift ......................................................................... 15
4.3.2 Modal Mass Participating Ratios ................................................................................. 16
4.4 Reinforcement requirement in beams and columns ............................................................ 16
4.5 Reinforcement requirement in foundation .......................................................................... 21
4.6 Reinforcement requirement in slab ..................................................................................... 22
4.7 Summary of Adopted Sections and reinforcement ............................................................. 24
References ..................................................................................................................................... 25

1
List of Figures

Figure 1: 3D-model of 1000 sq ft double storey Gumba ................................................................ 7

Figure 2: Dead Load of Wall on Beam(KN/m) ............................................................................ 10
Figure 3: Floor Finish intensity on slab (KN/m2) ......................................................................... 11
Figure 4: Live load intensity on slab (KN/m2).............................................................................. 12
Figure 5: Response Spectra for rock and soil sites for 5 percent damping ................................... 14
Figure 6: Reinforcement requirement in grid A-A ....................................................................... 17
Figure 7: Reinforcement requirement in grid B-B ........................................................................ 18
Figure 8: Reinforcement requirement in grid C-C ........................................................................ 18
Figure 9: Reinforcement requirement in grid D-D ....................................................................... 19
Figure 10: Reinforcement requirement in storey 1 ....................................................................... 19
Figure 11: Reinforcement requirement in storey 2 ....................................................................... 20
Figure 12: Reinforcement requirement in storey 3 ....................................................................... 20

List of Tables

Table 1: Load Cases ........................................................................................................................ 9

Table 2: Unit Weight of Materials ................................................................................................ 10
Table 3: Live load for Residential Buildings ................................................................................ 12
Table 4: Mass source for seismic load .......................................................................................... 13
Table 5: Scale factor for Response spectrum ................................................................................ 14
Table 6: Calculated Base shear ..................................................................................................... 15
Table 7: Summary of Storey Displacement and Storey Drift ....................................................... 16
Table 8: Summary of Modal Mass Participating Ratios ............................................................... 16
Table 9: Summary of foundation .................................................................................................. 24
Table 10: Summary of Beam, Column and Slab .......................................................................... 24

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1. Introduction
1.1 General
This report presents the structure analysis and design of RC Gumbas. The building is Special
Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is designed to
meet both strength and serviceability requirements when subjected to gravity and earthquake
loads.
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes that are in practice in Nepal. This report
consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and outputs, and
sample design of structural members.

1.2 Project Information

Twelve different RC Gumbas as listed below are modeled with following features
S.No Plan area No. of storeys ID of building
1 600 sq ft 1 600_1 gumba
2 600 sq ft 2 600_2 gumba
3 800 sq ft 1 800_1 gumba
4 800 sq ft 2 800_2 gumba
5 1000 sq ft 1 1000_1 gumba
6 1000 sq ft 2 1000_2 gumba
7 1200 sq ft 1 1200_1 gumba
8 1200 sq ft 2 1200_2 gumba
9 1400 sq ft 1 1400_1 gumba
10 1400 sq ft 2 1400_2 gumba
11 1800 sq ft 1 1800_1 gumba
12 1800 sq ft 2 1800_2 gumba

The report contains the detailed structure analysis of 600_2 gumba.

1.2.1 Salient Features
The gumbas has some special features which are listed below:
Type of Building : Special Moment Resisting RC Frame
Shape : Rectangular
Plinth level : As per architectural drawing
Roof type : Accessible, Terrace
Walls : Brick walls
Foundation : Isolated
Dimension : 6.00 m * 9.00 m
Story Height : 3.65 m
Total Height : 11.54 m

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1.2.2 Site Condition
Type of soil
Allowable bearing pressure
Seismic zone factor
4
: Type II, Medium soil as per IS
1893(Part 1): 2000
: Varying (65,100,125,150) KN/m2
: 0.36
2. Analysis Technology and Methodology
2.1 General
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are done without
affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is modeled using finite
element method. A three-dimensional beam element having 12 DOF with 6 DOFs at each
node were used for modeling beams and columns in the building, while 24 DOFs shell
element with 6 DOFs at each node were used to model slab wall.
The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions produced by
anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of art three-dimensional
structural analysis programs like ETABS 2013. The design loads considered as per the
relevant codes of practice comprise dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to
occupancy of the structure and seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the
proposed location. Several load combinations are considered to obtain the maximum values
of design stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.
 The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type.
Beams and columns are considered as the structural load resisting elements. Although
non-structural components like wall plaster, infill walls, floor finishing etc has comes
effects on structural performance, they are considered only as loading.
 For all structural elements, M20 grade concrete are used.
 Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.
 Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action has been modeled
by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered in modeling. Slab is modeled as shell
element.
 Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.
 The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity. Foundation is
assumed to be fully rigid at the plinth level.
 The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
 Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
orthogonal directions of building) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not
considered to be significant for design of structural members suitable load combinations
as suggested by IS 1893– 2002 are used.

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 2.2 Codes and Standard used
For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are followed:
 IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
 IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures.
 IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures.
 IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures
subjected to seismic forces.

2.3 Software Used

ETABS 2013 software is used for the structural modelling, analysis and design. ETABS is a
special purpose finite element analysis and design program developed specifically for building
systems. With ETABS, models are defined logically floor-by-floor, column-by-column, bay-by-
bay and wall-by-wall and not as a stream of non-descript nodes and elements as in general
purpose programs. The software has very powerful numerical methods, design procedures and
international design codes, all working from a single comprehensive database.
Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load generation, finite
element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis, concrete frame design (column
and beam) and shear wall design. Some of the models are shown below.

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Figure 1: 3D-model of 1000 sq ft double storey Gumba

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 3. Analysis
3.1 Material properties
3.1.1 Concrete
All components of plain and reinforced concrete unless specified in design are M20 grade.

Modulus of Elasticity [Ec] = 5000 √fck N/mm2 = 22360 N/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.2

Unit Weight = 20 KN/m3

Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2

The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength multiplied by a
coefficient 0.67 and divided by the material partial safety factor. The partial factor for concrete
in flexure and axial load is 1.5.
3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel
Characteristic strength of high yield steel is taken as 500 MPa for main rebar and shear rebar and
material partial safety factor is to be 1.15.
Modulus of Elasticity = 2*105 Mpa

3.2 Section Properties

The preliminary sizes of Beam, Column, and Slab were chosen based on experience.

Beam : 230 mm * 350 mm

Column : 300 mm*300 mm
Slab : 125 mm

During the analysis, beam and column are modeled as frame elements whereas slabs are
modeled as area element.

3.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:

 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and the loads
distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements whenever possible.

 Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different loading

distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.

 For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the requirements of
IS 1893-2000.

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3.3.1 Load Cases
The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.

Table 1: Load Cases

Load name Load Type
Dead Dead
Wall Dead
Floor Finish Dead
Live load Live
Roof load Live
EQX Quake
EQY Quake
RS-X Response Spectrum
RS-Y Response Spectrum

3.3.2 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on IS 1893 -2000. The following load combinations are
specified as per 1893 -2000:
Static Load Combination:
1.5(DL + LL)
Seismic Load Combination:
1.2(DL + LL + RS)
1.5(DL + RS)
0.9 DL +1.5 RS
Hence in total 7 different load combinations have been used in which 6 are Response spectrum
load combination.

3.4 Estimation of Load

The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight of different
structural and non-structural elements are derived from IS 875 Part 1 and presented in Table 3.
The load calculations are based on actual measured drawings. The self-weight of beams,
columns and slabs are calculated by the program. Similarly, the imposed loads are applied on the
slab as area load in KN/m2 and values of imposed loads are tabulated in Table 3 below.

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  The weight of infill walls are calculated and applied on beams as line weight in KN/m.
 Parapet wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in beam
 Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab with magnitude of 1.5 KN/m2.
3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)
Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875 - 1987(part1). Unit weights
of different material used are given below.
Table 2: Unit Weight of Materials

SN Type Value
1 Reinforced Concrete 25 KN/m3
2 Brick Masonry 19 KN/m3

Figure 2: Dead Load of Wall on Beam(KN/m)

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 Figure 3: Floor Finish intensity on slab (KN/m2)

3.4.2 Live Load

The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the building. These are to be
chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various occupancies. The live load distribution varies
with time. Hence each member is designed for worst combination of dead load and live loads.
Further separate load pattern named roof live load of intensity 1.5 KN/m2 is also adopted but not
included during calculation of seismic weight as according to clause 7.3.2 of IS 1893:2002.

Live loads adopted for gumbas are given below.

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 Table 3: Live load for Gumbas

SN Area Type Load

1 Meditation room 4 KN/m2
2 Terrace (Accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
3 Staircase and Passage 4 KN/m2
4 Store room 4 KN/m2

Figure 4: Live load intensity(>3) on slab (KN/m2)

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3.4.3 Seismic Load

The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern in ETABS 2013 as per
IS 1893-2000. This load case is assumed static linear and all the necessary data are given as per
the following conditions.

To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the seismic zone V
according to IS 1893:2000. The soil type is considered as soft with 5% damping to determine
average response acceleration. The building is analyzed as moment resisting frame without
consideration of infill wall. Therefore the fundamental time period Ta is obtained by using the
following formula:
Ta = 0.09*h/√(d) [Cl.7.6.2, IS 1893 -2002]

Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows

Zone factor, Z = 0.36 for Zone V [Table 2, Cl6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]
Importance factor, I = 1.5 [Table 6, Cl6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for special RC moment resisting frame (SMRF) [Table 6,
Cl6.4.2, IS 1893 -2002]
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table 8, Cl.7.9.2, IS
1893 (Part 1):2002)

The coefficient is given by,

Ah=ZIS/2Rg
=(0.36*1.5*2.5)/(2*5)
=0.135
And, base shear is given by,
V = Ah* W, where V= Base Shear, Ah= Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient, W= Seismic
Weight

Table 4: Mass source for seismic load

SN Load Type Scale factor
1 Dead load 1
2 Live load(<3) 0.25
3 Roof live load 0
4 Live load(>3) 0.5

3.4.4 Response spectrum

Design Response spectrum as provided in figure 2 of IS 1893:2002 is used for analysis. Medium
soil of bearing capacity 100 KN/m2 is assumed. Damping of 5% is also assumed.

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 Figure 5: Response Spectra for rock and soil sites for 5 percent damping

The spectrum ordinates defined within IS:1893, are normalized values in which spectral
accelerations are divided by gravity acceleration. The spectrum must be converted to the specific
set of units used throughout the model by applying a scale factor given as the value of gravity
acceleration in the current units of your model.
The design spectrum of IS: 1893 is actually the MCE-level spectrum which must be reduced by
dividing this value by a factor of 2R, in which R is the response reduction factor. In the first run,
the value of the scale factor should be SF = I*g/(2R), in which I is the importance factor. After
the first run, the base shear is checked which develops in the model, and if this value is less than
the code-prescribed minimum, then increased by the scale factor of the first run such that the
resultant base shear matches the code specification. The scale factor to match the base shear with
static method is shown below in table

Table 5: Scale factor for Response spectrum

Scale Factor
Gumba
X-Dir Y-Dir
600_2 gumba 1.64 1.78

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 4. Analysis and Design
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both seismic coefficient method and response
spectrum method is used for analysis. The major discussion are focused on the time period, base
shear, storey drift and reinforcement requirement along two orthogonal directions.

4.1 Time period and Base shear coefficient

Time period is calculated manually using the formula given in clause 7.9.2 of IS 1893:2002. The
formula for time period is

Ta = 0.09*h/√(d)

Where,
h is height of building in m
d is base dimension of the building at the plinth level, in m, along the considered direction of the
lateral force.

Obtained time period is 0.300 sec in X- direction and 0.401 sec in Y-direction from program. As
time period is below 0.5 sec, base shear coefficient of 0.135 is used as according to following
calculation

The coefficient is given by,

Ah=ZIS/2Rg
=(0.36*1.5*2.5)/(2*5)
=0.135

4.2 Calculation of Base Shear

The calculation of base shear in both directions is given in following table

Table 6: Calculated Base shear

Weight Base
Coeff
Load Type Dir Z Soil I R Used Shear
Used
Pattern Type kN kN
EQx Seismic X 0.36 II 1.5 5 0.135 1247 168
EQy Seismic Y 0.36 II 1.5 5 0.135 1242 168

4.3 Summary of Drift and mass participation ratios

4.3.1 Storey Displacement and Storey Drift

As per Cl. no. 7.11.1 of IS 1893-2002, the Story drift in any Story due to specified design lateral
force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the Story height. From above
table we can see that maximum drift in both direction hasn’t exceeded 0.004.

15
 Table 7: Summary of Storey Displacement and Storey Drift

Storey Load Direction Storey Storey Drift Remarks

Case Displacement
(mm)
12.19 0.000901 OK
2 EQX X 9.91 0.001621 OK
1 EQX X 5 0.001369 OK
Base EQX X 0
10.24 0.000865 OK
2 EQY Y 8 0.00148 OK
1 EQY Y 3.55 0.00097 OK
Base EQY Y 0

4.3.2 Modal Mass Participating Ratios

Similarly, IS 1893: 2002 clause 7.8.4.2 states that number of modes to be used in the analysis
should be such that the sum total of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 percent
of the total seismic mass of the structure. Analysis was carried out for modes up to which the 90
percent mass participation is there so that the mass participation satisfies this criterion in both
orthogonal directions. Table below shows time period and mass participation ratio for all modes.

Table 8: Summary of Modal Mass Participating Ratios

Period
Case Mode UX UY Sum UX Sum UY
sec
Modal 1 0.4390 0.8711 0.0104 0.8711 0.0104
Modal 2 0.3800 0.0104 0.7936 0.8815 0.8039
Modal 3 0.3010 0.0003 0.0575 0.8818 0.8614
Modal 4 0.2190 0.0005 0.0165 0.8823 0.8779
Modal 5 0.1790 0.0981 0.0000 0.9804 0.8779
Modal 6 0.1660 0.0000 0.0551 0.9805 0.9330
Modal 7 0.1490 0.0004 0.0407 0.9809 0.9737
Modal 8 0.1160 0.0002 0.0074 0.9810 0.9812
Modal 9 0.1130 0.0043 0.0006 0.9853 0.9818
Modal 10 0.1050 0.0000 0.0000 0.9853 0.9818
Modal 11 0.1020 0.0000 0.0041 0.9853 0.9859
Modal 12 0.0480 0.0122 0.0000 0.9976 0.9859

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4.4 Reinforcement requirement in beams and columns
The reinforcement requirement in beams and column is obtained from ETABS software. Beam
column moment capacity ratio is also checked manually. The output of required reinforcement in
pictorial form is shown below:

Figure 6: Reinforcement requirement in grid A-A

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Figure 7: Reinforcement requirement in grid B-B

Figure 8: Reinforcement requirement in grid C-C

18
Figure 9: Reinforcement requirement in grid D-D

Figure 10: Reinforcement requirement in storey 1

19
Figure 11: Reinforcement requirement in storey 2

Figure 12: Reinforcement requirement in storey 3

20
4.5 Reinforcement requirement in foundation
Owing to the basis of their location, columns are classified as corner, side and middle columns.
Accordingly, the requirement of foundation size and reinforcement is calculated. Sample
calculation of isolated foundation carrying largest axial load is presented below.

Design of Isolated Footing

Inputs
Axial Load 167 KN
Bearing capacity of footing 100 KN/m2
Column size a 0.3
b 0.3
Grade of concete 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel 500 N/mm2
Cover 50 mm
Dia of Bar 12 mm

Outputs
Area of Footing 1.837 m2
Provide L 1.5 m
B 1.5 m
Net earth pressure 111.33 KN/m2
Bending moment 30.06 KN-m
Effective depth 85.211 mm
Assume depth 200 mm
Overall depth 250 mm
Area of steel 510 mm2
Spacing 150 mm
Actual area of steel 1131 mm2

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 b B

Checking
Two way shear
Critical section at d/2 from face of
column
Shear force 222.67 KN
Nominal shear stress 0.7422 N/mm2
Ks 1
Permissible Shear stress(Ѓ c) 1.118 N/mm2
safe
One way Shear
shear force at d from face of column
Ultimate Shear force 66.8 KN
Nominal shear stress 0.2227 N/mm2
percentage of steel 0.38%
Permissible Shear strength 0.42 N/mm2
safe

4.6 Reinforcement requirement in slab

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DESIGN OF FLOOR SLAB
Design Data
2
Dimensions of the slab (c/c distance b/w supports), fck = 20 N/mm
Length of short span, Lx = 2.8500 m fy = 500 N/mm 2
Length of long span, Ly = 3.000 m
Width of the supporting beam, = 230 mm
Clear cover to main reinforcement = 20 mm
Assume dia. of reinforcement steel = 10 mm

Calculations
Assume the thickness of slab as 125 mm ; Effective depth, d = 100 mm
Effective span, lx = 2.85 m (or) 2.72 m whichever is less; d = 2.72 m
ly = 3 m (or) 2.87 m whichever is less; d = 2.87 m
(l y / lx ) = 1.06 < 2 ; Here, (l y / l x ) is less than 2, Hence design the slab as two way slab

Load Calculations
Dead Load of slab = 0.125 x 25 = 3.13 KN/m 2 Dust Load on slab = 0 KN/m 2
Finishes load on slab = 1.50 KN/m 2 Other load on slab = 0 KN/m 2
Live Load on slab = 4.0 KN/m 2
Total Dead load acting on the Structure = 4.63 KN/m 2
Total live load acting on the Structure = 4.0 KN/m 2
Factored Design Load w = 12.95 KN/m 2

Support Condition (Type of panel according to support condition)

Interior Panels For this support condition,
Short span coefficient for (l y / l x ) = 1.06, Long span coefficient,
For negative moment, ax = 0.0350 For negative moment, ay = 0.032
For positive moment, ax = 0.0264 For positive moment, ay = 0.024

Moment Calculation
Max. BM per unit width, Mx = ax w l x 2 & My = ay w l x 2
2
Mu Mu / bd pt Ast, req Ast , min = (0.12/100) bD = 150 mm 2
2 2
KNm N/mm % mm
For Short Span,
Reinforcement details
At mid span, 2.53 0.25 0.0703 70
At supports, 3.35 0.34 0.0961 96 Provide Y 10 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan &
For Long span, supports for short span (Ast pro. = 524 mm 2 )
At mid span, 2.30 0.28 0.0789 79 Provide Y 10 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan &
At supports, 3.07 0.38 0.1077 108 supports for long span (Ast pro. = 524 mm 2 )

Check for Deflection

Percentage of tension reinforcement = 0.52 %
fs = 0.58 fy (Ast req / Ast pro) = 38.77
Refer Fig. 4 of IS 456,
Modification factor = 2
Allowable (Span / d eff ) ratio = 52
Effective depth required = 52 mm
< d prov. 23
Hence OK
4.7 Summary of Adopted Sections and reinforcement
The summary of adopted sections and reinforcements for different element like beam, column,
and slab is given below:

Table 9: Summary of foundation

Foundation Plan dimension and thickness

Front column Side column Corner column Middle column
Bearin
Thick Thick Thick Thick g
Size Reb Size Size Size
ness ness Rebar ness Rebar ness Rebar Capac
(m) ar (m) (m) (m)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) ity(KN
/m2)

12- 1.7*1 1.1*1. 65

0.9x0.9 250 250 12-150 250 12-150 1.7*1.7 250 12-150
150 .7 1

12- 1.5*1 100

0.9x0.9 250 250 12-150 1*1 250 12-150 1.5*1.5 250 12-150
150 .5

12- 1.25* 1.25*1. 125

0.9x0.9 250 250 12-150 1*1 250 12-150 250 12-150
150 1.25 25

12- 1.1*1 150

0.9x0.9 250 250 12-150 1*1 250 12-150 1.1*1.1 250 12-150
150 .1

Table 10: Summary of Beam, Column and Slab

Column Slab Beam reinforcement

Size Size
Type 1 rebar 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor
(mm) (mm)

300X300 4-16+4-12(all) 125 10-150 2-16+1-12 2-16+1-12 3-12

24
References

IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures
IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
IS 13920-1993 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected
to seismic forces
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain
Limit State Design of Substructure- Swamisharan

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