How to Analyze Music

Using Roman Numeral Analysis

 How to Analyze Music
Using Roman Numeral Analysis
Figure out the key and label the key.

To complete this step:

Look at the key signature.

Remember that sometimes the key signature will not match the key
so check the:

first and last chord of the piece.

Also, look for V to I relationships.

This means searching for cadences and identifying them.

Remember that the leading tone is often raised in minor.

 Vivaldi, Concerto for Two Violins in a minor, F. I no. 177, mvt 1, m. 1

Step 1 - Figure out the key

Our options are C Major and A minor

This chord spells an A minor triad
A G#

A G#

C
A B
G#
E E

E
A
This chord spells an E Major triad

This chord is what?

This chord is what?
 How to Analyze Music
Using Roman Numeral Analysis
Figure out what the chords are.

To complete this step look for triads and tetrads.

Make a chord bank if necessary.

Look for V to I relationships.

Look for chord progressions and patterns.

 Vivaldi, Concerto for Two Violins in a minor, F. I no. 177, mvt 1, m. 1

This G# is the leading tone

in minor, it leads to A

It’s crystal

clear we are in Am

Am: i V i i
We have a i to V relationship in A minor therefore the key is in A minor.

Also, the 1st and last chords are A minor chords.

 Vivaldi, Concerto for Two Violins in a minor, F. I no. 177, mvt 1, m. 1
Find the harmonic rhythm
Passing tones
Am E Am Am
A A A B

A G# A B

C B C C

A G# A

E E E E

A E A A

Figure out what are the structural notes are and what the non-chord tones are.
Vivaldi, Concerto for Two Violins in a minor, F. I no. 177, mvt 1, m. 1

Remember that the bass line is very important.

Look at the bass line!

Then look at the soprano line.

Turn it into 1st species counterpoint!

Vivaldi, Concerto for Two Violins in a minor, F. I no. 177, mvt 1, m. 1
 TEST YOURSELF
J.S. Bach, Prelude in e minor, BWV 938, mm. 1-5

Analyze this piece of music using roman numerals and figured bass.
 J.S. Bach, Prelude in e minor, BWV 938, mm. 1-5
PT PT

EGB BD#F# EGB

Em: i V i