dt+Z dh lokjh

rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk

foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

fu'kkar A jktsaæ jfo

çdk”kd & lsaVj Q‚j Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh
R&21] lkmFk ,DlVsa”ku II, ubZ fnYyh & 110049
www.cenfa.org A info@cenfa.org A $91&11&49123696

vkoj.k & tks vR;kfy

i`"B vfHkU;kl & vfer dqekj
vuqokn & eksfguh flag

tuojh] 2019

d‚ihys¶+V % bl nLrkost ds fdlh Hkh fgLls dk x+Sj&O;olkf;d mís”; ds fy,

ç;ksx djus gsrq Lora= gSa] c”krZs lzksr dk mYys[k fd;k tk,A

dsoy futh çlkj gsrq

 dt+Z dh lokjh
rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk
foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

fu'kkar A jktsaæ jfo

 vuqØef.kdk
çLrkouk

çkDdFku

fnYyh esVªks % foÙkh; :i ls fdruh fVdkÅ\ ---------------01

,;jiksVZ ,Dlçsl ykbu % ,d vèkwjh çse dgkuh ---------------17

;fn esVªks u gks rks\ % esVªks dh volj ykxr ---------------22

fnYyh rFkk bldh esVªks % vc D;k\ ---------------29

çLrkouk

dSafczt ds vFkZ”kkL=h] gk&twu pkax dk ekuuk gS fd ^vFkZ”kkL= dk 95 çfr”kr

flQZ lkekU; le> gS] ftls xf.kr vkSj Hkkjh&Hkjde “kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx djds
eqf”dy cuk;k tkrk gSA* blls ge le> ldrs gSa fd yksx foÙk ls tqM+s ekeyksa
ls nwj D;ksa jgrs gSaA ljdkjsa u;h ifj;kstukvksa] ;kstukvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dh ?kks’k.kk
djrh gSa ftu ij Hkkjh ek=k esa turk ds iSls [k+pZ gksrs gSaA bu lHkh dks ^fodkl*
rFkk ukxfjdksa ds thou esa lqèkkj ykus ds uke ij vkSfpR;iw.kZ Bgjk;k tkrk gSA
“kk;n gh dHkh bu ifj;kstukvksa ds foÙkiks’k.k ds lzksr] budh foÙkh; O;ogk;Zrk
;k jktdks’k ij blls iM+us okys foÙkh; Hkkj ij dksbZ loky mBk;k tkrk gSA ;g
dke cl ^fo”ks’kKksa* ij NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA dqNsd ekeyksa esa ,sls dqN loky [kM+s
Hkh fd, x, rks mUgsa lkoZtfud HkykbZ vkSj çxfr ds uke ij pqi djk fn;k x;kA

fnYyh esVªks Hkh ,d ,slk gh mnkgj.k gS tgk¡ bldh vkykspuk ls lacafèkr lokyksa
dks T;knk roTtks ugha nh xbZ rFkk esVªks dh ped&èked vkSj ^lqfoèkk* ds dkj.k
cgqr vklkuh ls ,slk çrhr djk;k x;k fd lc Bhd&Bkd gSA

fnYyh esVªks ds çHkko] “kgj esa lM+dksa ij HkhM+&HkkM+ de djus esa bldh lQyrk]
bldk [kpZ mBkus dh gekjh {kerk] foÙkh; O;ogk;Zrk rFkk ;krk;kr ,oa ifjogu
ds vU; lkèkuksa ls bldh rqyuk djus ds fy, ,d leh{kkRed vè;;u fd, cxSj
bls vU; “kgjksa esa c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS vkSj ^nqgjk;k* tk jgk gSA

fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk dh dqy ykxr flQZ ^foÙk* rd gh lhfer ugha gksrhA ,slh
dbZ vU; ykxrsa gksrh gSa ftUgsa iSls ls tksM+dj ugha ns[kk tk ldrk] tSls lkekftd
rFkk i;kZoj.kh; ykxrA bl ckr dks ekurs gq,] bl vè;;u esa dsoy fnYyh esVªks
dh foÙkh; ykxr rFkk O;ogk;Zrk ij gh è;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA

ge jktsaæ jfo rFkk fu”kkar dk èkU;okn djrs gSa fd mUgksaus ;g egÙoiw.kZ vè;;u
fd;k rFkk bu egÙoiw.kZ vkadM+ksa dks bl :i esa çdkf”kr fd;k fd os vke vkneh
dh le> esa Hkh vk,¡] u fd flQZ fo”ks’kKksa dsA çksQslj xhre frokjh us blds fy,
nks “kCn fy[kus dh —ik dh gSA ge ifjlj] iq.ks ds lqthr iVoèkZu rFkk fç;nf”kZuh
ds çfr Hkh vkHkkj O;ä djrs gSa fd mUgksaus blds elkSns ij viuh fVIif.k;k¡ nhaA
blds vykok ge Vksuh ,ysDl }kjk d‚ih,fMfVax esa dh xbZ lgk;rk ds fy, Hkh
“kqØxqt+kj gSaA

ge mEehn djrs gSa fd ;g vè;;u vke yksxksa dks fnYyh esVªks ds foÙkh; i{kksa dks
le>us esa enn djsxk rFkk vU; “kgjksa esa ^esVªks* dh ^ykxr* ij ,d ppkZ “kq: djus
esa ;ksxnku nsxk] blls igys fd mUgsa “kgj ds ukxfjdksa ij Fkksi fn;k tk,A blds
vfrfjä] ge ;g Hkh vk”kk djrs gSa fd blds tfj, ^fdldk iSlk* vkSj mls ^fdl
rjg [kpZ fd;k tk jgk gS* tSls cqfu;knh lokyksa dks mBkus esa Hkh enn feysxhA

tks vR;kfy
lsaVj Q‚j Q+kbusaf”k;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh
çkDdFku

fnYyh esVªks ns”k dk fo”kkyre esVªks ra= gS rFkk bls lcls ^lQy* lkoZtfud
ifjogu ifj;kstukvksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA fnYyh esa fuekZ.k vkSj ifjpkyu ds
rhu n”kd ckn] esVªks ds iwath&l?ku ifj;kstuk gksus ds ckotwn nl yk[k ls vfèkd
vkcknh okys “kgjksa esa esVªks ra= cukus dh ekax c<+h gSA fiNys n”kd esa çdkf”kr
dqN ckSf)d ys[k] ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; “kgjksa esa esVªks ra=ksa ij loky mBk,] dks vDlj
uhfr&fuekZrkvksa rFkk yksdyqHkkou ehfM;k us [k+kfjt dj fn;kA mPp fuos”k dh
ekax ds ckotwn jkT; ds jktuhfrKksa }kjk bldh ekax esa dksbZ deh ugha vkbZ gS]
tcfd cl&vkèkkfjr tu ifjogu&ra=ksa dks feyus okys jkT; ds leFkZu ij ç”u
mBk, x, gSaA ;g laf{kIr fVIi.kh fnYyh esVªks ds foÙkiks”k.k rFkk mlls gksus okys
visf{kr ykHkksa ls tqM+h t+:jh fparkvksa dks lkeus ykrk gSA

fnYyh esVªks dh dgkuh 1996 esa “kq: gqbZ tc fnYyh esa VªSfQd rFkk ;krk;kr dh
ç—fr ds vè;;u esa esVªks dh igyh ;kstuk dk çLrko j[kk x;k FkkA gkykafd]
1996 esa ekl jSfiM VªkaftV flLVe ¼,evkjVh,l½ ds fy, ,d u;h ;kstuk us fQj
ls lcdk è;ku [khapk vkSj bl ij xaHkhj cgl dh “kq#vkr gks xbZA esVªks ifj;kstuk
ds fØ;kUo;u rFkk ifjpkyu ds fy,] ebZ 1995 esa fnYyh esVªks jsy d‚jiksjs”ku
fyfeVsM dks dsaæh; “kgjh ea=ky; rFkk jk’Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=] fnYyh ljdkj ds
chp ,d la;qä m|e ds :i esa iath—r fd;k x;kA blds ifjpkyu dh “kq#vkr
2002 esa ,d 8 fdyksehVj yEch ykbu ds lkFk gqbZ ¼CAG] 2008½A ,slk nkok fd;k
x;k fd ,evkjVh,l fnYyh dh HkhM+&HkkM+ dh leL;k dks de djsxh rFkk çnw’k.k
esa cgqr vfèkd deh ysdj vk,xhA bl ra= ds pkyw gksus ds ckn 25 o’kZ gks pqds
gSa vkSj ;g fVIi.kh ,sls gh nkoksa ds [kks[kysiu ij çdk”k Mkyrh gSA pw¡fd esVªks
ifj;kstukvksa esa cgqr vfèkd iwath dh vko”;drk gksrh gS] blfy, ljdkj viuk
leFkZu vuqnku] bfDoVh “ks;j rFkk fofHkUu dj NwVksa ds :i esa nsrh gSA Hkkjr esa
nl yk[k ls vfèkd vkcknh okys “kgjksa dh c<+rh rknkn ds eísut+j] ;g ewY;kadu
t+:jh gks x;k gS fd D;k jkT; ljdkjsa vius dbZ “kgjksa esa esVªks ra=ksa dks pykus
dk foÙkh; cks> mBk Hkh ldrh gSa ;k ughaA tSls bl fVIi.kh ds ys[kdksa us Hkh Li’V
fd;k gS] esVªks ra= ds jktLo dk ,d cM+k fgLlk ;k=h HkkM+s ls brj vU; lzksrksa ls
çkIr gksrk gSA ;g ckr esVªks ra=ksa ds vius vki esa lqpk: :i ls pyrs jgus dh
–f’V ls vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSA blds dkj.k esVªks ra= fj;y ,LVsV ds fodkl ij
fuHkZj djus yxrk gS ftldh dher vDlj xjhc ifjokjksa dk foLFkkiu gksrh gSA

fnYyh esVªks dh ;kstuk dks ,d Lora= ifj;kstuk ds :i esa rS;kj fd;k x;k
vkSj blh çdkj mldk dk;kZUo;u Hkh gqvkA cl rFkk ifjogu ds vU; lkèkuksa ls
bldk tqM+ko u ds cjkcj jgkA ;g fu;fer ;kf=;ksa dh vkus&tkus dh t+:jrksa
dks iwjk djus okys ,d lekos”kh ifjogu ra= dh txg ,d fuekZ.k ifj;kstuk cu
x;k gSA vU; “kgjksa esa fuekZ.kkèkhu esVªks ifj;kstuk,a Hkh blh iSVuZ ij py jgh gSaA
blds vfrfjä] pqfuUnk “kgjksa ds ctV fo”ys’k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd iSny;kf=;ksa]
lkbfdy pkydksa vkSj clksa ds fy, t+:jh cqfu;knh <kaps esa fuos”k dk vHkko gSA

;g fVIi.kh le; ij vkbZ gS rFkk ;g ekax djrh gS fd esVªks ifj;kstukvksa ds

fuekZ.k rFkk mUgsa c<+kok nsus ds ihNs tks rkdrsa gSa mudh ea”kkvksa dks le>us ds
fy, ,d xgu ppkZ dh tk,A

xhre frokjh
“kgjh fodkl ea=ky; ps;j çksQslj
flfoy vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx ,oa fVªi ¼TRIPP½
Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] fnYyh  
 1

fnYyh esVªks
foÙkh; :i ls fdruh fVdkÅ\
orZeku esa] 9 “kgjksa esa 370 fdyksehVj yach esVªks ifj;kstuk ifjpkfyr gks jgh gS
rFkk 26 vU; “kgj dqy 1132 fdyksehVj dh esVªks jsy ifj;kstukvksa dh ;k rks
;kstuk cuk pqds gSa ;k bldk çLrko yk pqds gSaA ,d esVªks ifj;kstuk dh çfr
fdyksehVj ykxr 200 ls 300 djksM+ #i;s gksrh gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd ns”k ds
2-8 yk[k djksM+ #i;s ¼tks yxHkx Hkkjr ds orZeku thMhih dk 2 çfr”kr gS
vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps ds fy, vkSlr okf’kZd ctVh; vkoaVu ls Hkh vfèkd gS½ bu
egkuxjh; {ks=ksa dh vkMEcjiw.kZ ifj;kstukvksa esa [kpZ gksus okys gSaA

'kgj tgk¡ esVªks jsy usVodZ pkyw gks pqds gSa &
dksydkrk] jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k&fnYyh] csaxyq#] eqacbZ] t;iqj] psUubZ]
dksPph] y[kuÅ] gSnjkcknA

'kgj tgk¡ esVªks jsy usVodZ dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS ;k çLrko

fn;k x;k gS &
ukxiqj] iq.ks] vgenkckn&xkaèkhuxj] uks,Mk] uoh eqacbZ] dkuiqj]
fot;okM+k] fo'kk[kkiÙkue] lwjr] ukfld] iVuk] dksbEcVwj] xqokgkVh]
Hkksiky] vkxjk] esjB] okjk.klh] xksj[kiqj] fr#ouariqje] bankSj] Xokfy;j]
paMhx<+] nsgjknwu] JhuxjA

lzksr : metrorailnews.in

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

2
D;k ,slk bl Hkze ds dkj.k gS fd esVªks ls Hkkjrh; “kgjksa esa ifjogu dh leL;k
lqy> tk,xh ;k ,slk flQZ blfy, fd esVªks pdkpkSaèk ls Hkjh gqbZ fn[krh gS\
ysfdu esVªks dh bl pdkpkSaèk okyh vihy dk dkj.k D;k gS\ D;k vU; ;krk;kr
ds lkèku LokHkkfod :i ls esVªks ftrus vPNs ugha gSa\ ;k fQj ;g flQZ çHkqRo”kkyh
fopkjèkkjkvksa }kjk cukbZ xbZ vuqHkwfr gS\

bu lkyksa esa fnYyh esVªks dbZ phtksa ds fy, jksy e‚My cu x;k gSA “kgjh fuokfl;ksa
ds fy,] ;g ^vkèkqfud* vkSj ^mPp&rduhdh* tu ifjogu ra=ksa dk i;kZ; gSA
ljdkjksa ds fy,] ;g ^yksd dY;k.k* ds lkFk&lkFk ^fodkl dk Js;* ysus dk ,d
vklku jkLrk gSA futh {ks= ds fy, rks blesa lkQ+ rkSj ij cM+s volj gSa D;ksafd
blesa cgqr lkjk èku nk¡o ij gSA etcwr ifCyd fjys”kUl ¼ih-vkj-½ çcaèku ds dkj.k
ehfM;k }kjk Hkh bls csgrjhu dojst feyrk gS vkSj fofHkUu jk’Vªh; rFkk varjkZ’Vªh;
,tsafl;ksa }kjk bls bldh ^miyfCèk;ksa* ds fy, lEekfur fd;k tkrk gSA ysfdu
vkf[kj ;g dSls gqvk\ mlls Hkh t+:jh loky fd njvly py D;k jgk gS\

la{ksi esa bfrgkl

fnYyh esVªks jsy dkWjiksjs'ku ¼Mh-,e-vkj-lh-½ dks 1990 ds n'kd ds eè; esa ,d ,slh
daiuh ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k ftldk ekfydkuk gd+ 50 Q+hlnh jk"Vªh; ljdkj
ds gkFk esa Fkk rFkk 50 Q+hlnh LFkkuh; fnYyh ljdkj ds gkFk esaA

bldh LFkkiuk fnYyh “kgj ds fy, esVªks ra= ds fuekZ.k vkSj ifjpkyu dh ns[kjs[k
ds fy, dh xbZ FkhA 1996 esa dsUæh; eaf=eaMy }kjk 55-3 fdyksehVj yEch fnYyh
esVªks Qst+&I dks eatwjh nh xbZA jkbV~l ¼RITES½ fyfeVsM] ftldh LFkkiuk 1989
esa ,dh—r cgq&ekè;e ekl jSfiM VªkaftV ra= dh laHkkO;rk dk vè;;u djus ds
fy, dh xbZ Fkh] us Qst+&I ds fy, ,d foLr`r çkstsDV fjiksVZ ¼Mh-ih-vkj-½ rS;kj
dhA 1998 esa bldk fuekZ.k “kq: gqvkA igyh ykbu 2002 esa pkyw gqbZ vkSj rc ls
Mh,evkjlh gh fnYyh esVªks ifj;kstuk dks ifjpkfyr vkSj ykxw dj jgh gSA

igyk pj.k 2006 rFkk nwljk pj.k 2011 ls pkyw gqvkA vc fnYyh esVªks dk ;g
dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k
 3
rhljk Qst+ py jgk gS tks vxys dqN lkyksa esa iwjk gksus dh mEehn gSA fnYyh
esVªks dh dqy yEckbZ ¼gky esa “kq: gqbZ fiad vkSj eStaVk ykbu dks feykdj½ 277
fdyksehVj gS ftlesa 202 LVs”ku gSa tks 8 vyx&vyx :V ij fLFkr gSaA fnYyh
esVªks gj lky 6-3 yk[k Vu xzhugkml xSlksa dks de djus ds vkèkkj ij dkcZu
ØsfMV dk nkok djrh gSA1 2016&17 esa fnYyh esVªks dh lkykuk lokjh 1 vjc
rd igq¡p xbZA2

iwath ykxr
bl fo”kky cqfu;knh <kaps dh dqy ykxr dk vuqeku 70]433 djksM+ #i;s yxk;k
x;k gSA bl ykxr dk cM+k fgLlk tkiku baVjus”kuy dks&v‚ijs”ku ,tsalh
¼tsvkbZlh,½ ls fy, x, _.k ls iwjk fd;k x;k gSA bldk nwljk egÙoiw.kZ lzksr
Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk jk’Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=&fnYyh dh ljdkj ls çkIr bfDoVh
¼”ks;j½ ;ksxnku gSA iwath ykxr ds vU; lzksr lEifÙk fodkl] C;kt&eqä _.k
rFkk vuqnku ¼xzkaV½ gSaA

fp=&1 % fnYyh esVªks ds fofHkUu pj.kksa ¼Qst½ esa QafMax ds lzksr

¼tkudkjh lzksr % fnYyh esVªks½
1 DMRC
2 Mh,evkjlh dh çsl foKfIr http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

4

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 5
fnYyh esVªks Hkkjr esa tsvkbZlh, ls QafMax çkIr djus okyh nwljh lcls cM+h
cqfu;knh <kapk ifj;kstuk gSA3 bl tkikuh ,tsalh }kjk fnYyh esVªks ds fofHkUu
pj.kksa dks vHkh rd 38]300 djksM+ #i;s dh ^lgk;rk* nh tk pqdh gS ftldh
C;kt nj 1-2 çfr”kr ls ysdj 2-3 çfr”kr rd jgh gSA4 bl QafMax ,tsalh us
Hkkjr esa vU; esxk&ifj;kstukvksa tSls fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk] if”peh
ekyogu&lefiZr xfy;kjk vkSj vHkh gky esa eqacbZ&vgenkckn mPp xfr jsy
xfy;kjk ¼cqysV Vªsu½ dks Hkh QafMax nh gSA tsvkbZlh, ds fn;s dtksZa ls Hkkjr Hkj
esa dbZ vU; ifj;kstukvksa dh Hkh QafMax gqbZ gS tks vyx&vyx {ks=ksa ls lacafèkr gSa
tSls ty vkiwfrZ] ou ,oa —f’k çcaèku] LoPNrk rFkk tSo&fofoèkrk laj{k.kA5

fnYyh esVªks ds rhljs pj.k ds fy, çfr fdyksehVj ifj;kstuk ykxr vlkèkkj.k
:i ls vfèkd gSA igys pj.k ds fy, çfr fdyksehVj ykxr 162-6 djksM+ #i;s
Fkh tks nwljs pj.k esa de gksdj 150-7 djksM+ #i;s gks xbZ FkhA rhljs pj.k esa ;g
90 çfr”kr c<+ xbZ vkSj 286-2 djksM+ #i;s vuqekfur gS ¼fp=&2 ns[ksa½A dherksa
esa o`f) dks feykdj okLrfod ykxr ¼2005 dks vkèkkj o’kZ ekudj Fkksd dher
lwpdkad½ dks ns[kus ij irk pyrk gS fd fnYyh esVªks dh çfr fdyksehVj ykxr
mruh gh jgh gS vkSj tSlk fd çpfyr gS] mlds Bhd myV og ?kVh ugha gSA ,slk
ekuk tkrk gS fd ra= ds usVodZ dh yEckbZ c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk ifj;kstukvksa dh
çfr fdyksehVj ykxr esa deh vkuh pkfg,A gk¡] ,slk nwljs pj.k esa t+:j gqvk
Fkk ysfdu rhljs pj.k esa ughaA ,slk blfy, gqvk gS D;ksafd ykxr esa mrkj&p<+ko
[kkl rkSj ij blij fuHkZj djrk gS fd Hkwfexr :V vkSj LVs”kuksa dh fgLlsnkjh
fdruh gS] og {ks= fdruk tfVy gS vkSj Hkwfe&vfèkxzg.k fdruk gksuk gSA6

3 gky gh esa tsvkbZlh, us eqacbZ&vgenkckn mPp xfr jsy xfy;kjk ¼cqysV Vªsu½ ds fy,
88]000 djksM+ QafMax dh ?kks’k.kk dh Fkh tks mlds }kjk vc rd lcls T;knk QafMax çkIr
djus okyh ifj;kstuk gSA
4 https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/charting-the-rise-
and-spread-of-japanese-funding-in-india-115090200120_1.html
5 https://libportal.jica.go.jp/library/Data/PlanInOperation-e/EastSouthA-
sia/054_India-e.pdf
6 http://vbn.aau.dk/files/14076659/Comparison_of_Capital_Costs.pdf

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

6

fp= 2 % fnYyh esVªks ds fofHkUu pj.kk7sa] fnYyh chvkjVh8 vkSj vgenkckn chvkjVh9
dh çfr fdyksehVj “kq:vkrh ykxr

fnYyh esVªks dh dekbZ fdruh\

fnYyh esVªks }kjk tfur jktLo èkhjs&èkhjs c<+k gS ysfdu ;g dqy [kpZ ls cgqr de
gh jgk gSA Mh,evkjlh dh lcls gkfy;k fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] fnYyh esVªks ds jktLo
ds fuEufyf[kr lzksr gSa10 &
VªSfQd v‚ijs”ku
fj;y ,LVsV@ ç‚iVÊ MsoyiesaV
dalYVsalh
ckgjh çkstsDV
vuqnku vkSj C;kt tSls vU; lzksr
7 Mh,evkjlh ds vkadM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij ys[kdksa }kjk dh x;h x.kukA
8 https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/aap-govt-may-give-brt-a-lift-in-
north-and-northeast-delhi-305821-2016-01-28
9 https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/aap-govt-may-give-brt-a-lift-in-
north-and-northeast-delhi-305821-2016-01-28
10 Mh,evkjlh dh okf’kZd fjiksVZ ¼2017&18½
dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k
 7

fp=&3 % Mh,evkjlh dh dqy vk; esa fofHkUu lzksrksa dk fgLlk

fp=&4 % Mh,evkjlh dh dqy vk; esa ;krk;kr ds jktLo dk fgLlk

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

8
Mh,evkjlh dh dqy vk; vkSj mlesa jktLo ds vyx&vyx lzksrksa dh fgLlsnkjh
esa lky&nj&lky vk;s mrkj p<+ko dk pkVZ fp=&3 esa n”kkZ;k x;k gSA fp=&4
ls ;g lkQ+ gks tkrk gS fd fiNys dqN lkyksa esa dqy jktLo esa VªSfQd jktLo dh
fgLlsnkjh rsth ls de gqbZ gSA ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd esVªks ds ifjpkyu ls vkus
okyh dekbZ mruh gh cuh gqbZ gS tcfd dqy vk; esa tks c<+ksÙkjh gqbZ gS og ckgjh
ifj;kstukvksa ls gksus okyh dekbZ ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA

,slk yxrk gS fnYyh esVªks viuh ykxr dh HkjikbZ ds fy, fj;y ,LVsV vkSj ckgjh
lzksrksa ij vc vkSj vfèkd fuHkZj djus okyh gSA tSlk fd fiNys lkyksa ds pyu ls
irk yx jgk gS fd fnYyh esVªks ds foÙkh; gkykr vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrs gSa
fd vU; esVªks çkstsDVksa dks tUe nsus esa bldh D;k Hkwfedk jgrh gSA ;g ijks{k :i
ls gj Hkkjrh; “kgj esa esVªks dh orZeku nkSM+ dks c<+kok nsxkA lkFk gh lkFk] vxj
jktLo fj;y ,LVsV ij cgqr vfèkd fuHkZj djus yxsxk rks blls “kgj dh lajpuk
LFkk;h :i ls cny ldrh gS] ftlds vius ifj.kke gksaxsA11

fp=&5 % fnYyh esVªks ds Qs;jc‚Dl fjdojh vuqikr esa vk;h fxjkoV

11 Goel, R., & Tiwari, G. (2014). Promoting Low Carbon Transport in India: Case
Study of Metro Rails in Indian Cities.

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 9
Qs;jc‚Dl fjdojh vuqikr] ;kfu ifjpkyu djus ds [kpZ dk og çfr”kr ftldh
HkjikbZ HkkM+s ds }kjk gksrh gS] Hkh de gqvk gS ¼fp=&5 ns[ksa½A ;g rF; fnYyh esVªks
ds ,d tu ifjogu lsok çnkrk gksus ij dbZ ç”ufpUg yxkrk gSA

fp=&6 % lky nj lky fnYyh esVªks dks çkIr lkykuk ykHk ¼gkfu½

fp=&7 % çfr fdyksehVj çfr fnu ;kf=;ksa dh vkSlr la[;k ¼yk[k yksx½

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

10
vkfFkZd :i ls vkRe&fuHkZj ,d vke ;krk;kr lkèku gksus ds okns ds foijhr]
fnYyh esVªks viuh “kq#vkr ls gh ?kkVs esa py jgh bdkbZ cuh gqbZ gSA fp=&6
Mh,evkjlh ds okf’kZd ?kkVs esa vk;s varj dks n”kkZrk gSA gkykafd] bu lkyksa esa
;kf=;ksa dh la[;k esa o`f) gqbZ gS ysfdu çfrfnu&çfrfdyksehVj ;kf=;ksa dh vkSlr
la[;k yxHkx ogha dh ogha cuh gqbZ gS ¼fp=&7 ns[ksa½A tc ;g lkjs ladsrd fnYyh
esVªks ds fy, fn[kus okys bl mRlkg dks xyr Bgjk jgs gSa] rks D;ksa fnYyh esVªks
dks vc Hkh lQyrk dh dgkuh ds :i esa çpkfjr fd;k tk jgk gS\

Mh,evkjlh vius lkykuk çn”kZu dk ewY;kadu ^ifjpkyu ykHk* ¼v‚ijsfVax ç‚fQV½]

ds }kjk djrh gS] tks Mh,evkjlh dk viuk ^lQyrk&lwpdkad* gSA Qs;jc‚Dl
fjdojh vuqikr] tks fd tu ifjogu ifjpkyuksa ds {ks= dk ,d ekud ekid gS]
dh x.kuk djus dh ctk; Mh,evkjlh us lQyrk dk nkok djus ds fy, viuh
foÙkh; c;kuksa esa yxkrkj ^ifjpkyu ykHk* dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA tgk¡ ,d rjQ
Qs;jc‚Dl fjdojh vuqikr ifjpkyu [kpZ dk og çfr”kr gS tks HkkM+s ls gksus okyh
vk; ls çkIr gksrk gS] ogha nwljh rjQ ifjpkyu ykHk ¼tSlk fd Mh,evkjlh }kjk
ifjHkkf’kr fd;k x;k gS½ og vk; gS esVªks ds pykus okys ykHk esa ls mls pykus ds
[kpZ ¼u fd ifjpkyu dk dqy [kpZ½ dks ?kVkdj çkIr gksrh gSA bl NksVh&lh pky
dh enn ls Mh,evkjlh us lQyrk dh iwjh dgkuh cqu Mkyh gSA

*HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k^ tks igys ls r; gS mls gh r; djuk\

fnYyh esVªks esa ;k=h lsokvksa ds HkkM+s dks dsaæ ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k
lfefr ds lq>koksa ds fglkc ls cnyk tk ldrk gSA ;g çfØ;k fnYyh esVªks jsy
vfèkfu;e] 2002 ds vuq:i pyrh gSA Mh,evkjlh ds “kq: gksus ls ysdj vc rd
bl rjg dh pkj HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr cukbZ tk pqdh gSaA bu lHkh lfefr;ksa ds
vè;{k mPp U;k;ky; ds lsokfuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh”k jgs gSa tcfd ,d lnL; “kgjh
fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh rjQ ls rFkk ,d vU; lnL; jk’Vªh; jktèkkuh
{ks=&fnYyh ljdkj dh rjQ ls jgrs gSaA fnYyh esVªks ds HkkM+s esa gq, cnykoksa dks
fp=&8 esa n”kkZ;k x;k gSA

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 11

fp=&8 % fnYyh esVªks ds fdjk, esa Qsjcny

fnYyh esVªks ,d fnu esa vkSlru 25 yk[k ls T;knk ;kf=;ksa dks <ksus dk nkok djrh
gSA ysfdu tc HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr us blds ;kf=;ksa dh jk; ysus dk loZs{k.k djus
dk fu.kZ; fy;k rks bls cl ^498* çfrfØ;k,¡ gh feyha] tks ;kf=;ksa dh jkst+kuk
la[;k dk ek= 0-02 çfr”kr ¼;kfu 10]000 esa ls 2½ gSA çfrfØ;k nsus okys yksxksa
dh bruh NksVh&lh la[;k esa ls yxHkx rhu pkSFkkbZ us dgk fd os pkgrs Fks fd
HkkM+s esa o`f) gks! ,slk “kk;n blfy, gqvk gks fd HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr dh cSBd
cgqr igys 2009 esa gqbZ FkhA gkykafd] ;g vius vki esa ,d loky gS fd blls
igys fdlh HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr us vke turk dh eatwjh ls HkkM+s dks fu;fer :i
ls c<+kus dk lq>ko D;ksa ugha fn;k\ lkFk gh lkFk] 2009 vkSj 2016 ds chp dksbZ
u;h HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr D;ksa ugha cukbZ xbZ\

fnYyh esVªks ds ,d n”kd ls Hkh yEcs bfrgkl esa HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr dk xBu
dsoy pkj ckj fd;k x;kA rhljh HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr ¼2009½ vkSj pkSFkh HkkM+k
fuèkkZj.k lfefr ¼2016½ ds chp 7 lky dk cM+k varj FkkA ,slk “kk;n blfy, gqvk
D;ksafd 2016 ls igys Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;g funZsf”kr djus ds fy, dksbZ fu;e gh
ugha Fkk fd dc ,d u;h HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr xfBr djuh pkfg,A

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

12
HkkM+k u dsoy i;kZIr jktLo mRiUu djus ds fygkt+ ls t+:jh gS cfYd ;g yksxksa
ds vkokxeu ds O;ogkj dks Hkh çHkkfor djrk gSA ;fn fdlh ifjogu ra= dk
HkkM+k ml fglkc ls ugha gksrk gS ftruk mls bLrseky djus okys yksx ogu dj
ldrs gSa rks bldk vFkZ gS fd og ifjogu ra= turk dh igq¡p ls ckgj gSA ;gh
“kgjh jsy ds foÙkiks’k.k dh Hkkjh nqfoèkk gSA ,d rjQ tgk¡ Qs;jc‚Dl jktLo ¼HkkM+s
ls çkIr gksus okyk jktLo½ dqy vk; dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk gS ogh¡ mls bruk
vkd’kZd Hkh gksuk pkfg, fd bls bLrseky djus okys yksx ifjogu ds nwljs miyCèk
fodYiksa dks u pqu ysaA

HkkM+s dks r; djus dk Qk‚WeZwyk %

pkSFkh HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr ¼2016½ us fnYyh esVªks ds HkkM+s esa
lkykuk ifjorZu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr QkWeZwyk fn;k gSA

çR;sd LySc ds fy, %

HkkM+s esa çfr'kr c<+ksrjh ¾ {[WE(FEN – FE0)/FE0] + WS[CPIN –
CPI0]/CPI0 + WM[AMCN – AMC0]/AMCN]}*100

tgk¡%
WE, WS, rFkk WM Øe'k% ÅtkZ] deZpkfj;ksa ij vkus okyh
ykxr rFkk j[kj[kko ,oa vU; [kpksZa dks lanfHkZr djrs gSA bu [kpksZa
dk vkèkkj fiNys foÙk o"kZ dk vkWfMVsM ys[kk gksrk gSA
FEN rFkk FE0 Øe'k% HkkM+s esa orZeku ifjorZu rFkk HkkM+s esa
fiNys ifjorZu ds le; ,d bdkbZ ÅtkZ dh vkSlr ykxr gSaA
CPIN rFkk CPI0 HkkM+s esa orZeku ifjorZu rFkk HkkM+s esa fiNys
ifjorZu ds le; miHkksäk ewY; lwpdkad gSaA
AMCN rFkk AMC0 HkkM+s esa orZeku ifjorZu rFkk HkkM+s esa
fiNys ifjorZu ds le; çfr&fdyksehVj j[kj[kko lacaèkh rFkk vU;
ykxr gSaA

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 13
;fn HkkM+s dks ,d fuf”pr ewY; ls vfèkd c<+k fn;k tkrk gS rks yksx ifjogu ds
vU; lLrs lkèkuksa dks viuk ldrs gSaA ;k ,slk Hkh gks ldrk gS fd tks yksx egaxs
HkkM+s ogu ugha dj ldrs] os viuh ilan dh txg ij tk ugha ik,¡A vkfèkdkfjd
fjiksVksZa ds vuqlkj] vDVwcj 2017 esa tc HkkM+ksa esa ifjorZu fd;k x;k Fkk rks fnYyh
esVªks esa ;kf=;ksa dh ekfld la[;k esa bruh fxjkoV vkbZ fd og fiNys pkj o’kksZa ds
U;wure Lrj ij igq¡p xbZA12 mlh le; MhVhlh vkSj fMEV~l dh clksa ds ;kf=;ksa
dh nSfud la[;k esa yxHkx 2 yk[k dk bt+kQk gqvk vkSj og c<+dj 40 yk[k ds
ikj igq¡p xbZ FkhA13

iwath] ifjpkyu] rFkk j[kj[kko ¼O&M½ rFkk foÙkh; vkfn [kpksZa dh HkjikbZ ds fy,
i;kZIr jktLo mRiUu djuk foÜo Hkj dh “kgjh jsyksa ¼esVªks½ ds fy, ,d pqukSrh jgk
gSA foÜo Hkj esa fxurh ds ,sls esVªks ifjpkyd jgs gSa tks HkkM+ksa ds ekè;e ls bruk
jktLo çkIr djus esa lQy jgs gSa fd ifjpkyu ds [kpksZa dh HkjikbZ dj ldsaA
gkaxdkax rFkk flaxkiqj us viuk Qs;jc‚Dl fjdojh vuqikr ¼;kfu HkkM+s ds ekè;e
ls iwjs gksus okys ifjpkyu [kpZ dk çfr”kr½ cgqr vfèkd cuk;s j[kk gSA14 vke rkSj
ij] esVªks jsy usVodZ tSlh iwath&l?ku ifj;kstuk ds fy, flQZ Qs;jc‚Dl jktLo
i;kZIr ugha gksrk gSA ,d fVdkÅ ifjogu ra= dks dbZ dkjdksa ij xkSj djuk pkfg,
tSls HkkM+s dh oguh;rk] lerk vkSj lkekftd nkf;RoA15

vk'kkoknh Hkfo";ok.kh ;k fQj >wB

fnYyh esVªks dh ;kf=;ksa dh la[;k fMVsYM çkstsDV fjiksVZ ¼Mhihvkj½ esa nkok fd,
x, vuqekuksa ls cgqr de jgh gS tcfd Mh,evkjlh }kjk bl la[;k esa dbZ ckj
Qsjcny Hkh fd;k x;k FkkA ,slk bl ifj;kstuk ds igys pj.k ls gh gks jgk gS

12 http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/fare-hike-likely-to-have-pushed-
metro-ridership-to-4-year-low-shows-data-5099489
13 https://www.siasat.com/news/ridership-delhi-metro-falls-buses-1332699
14 https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/the-unique-genius-of-
hong-kongs-public-transportation-system/279528
15 http://www.wri.org/blog/2018/05/mass-transit-public-good-everyone-not-
just-riders-should-pay-it

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

14
vkSj bl ckr dh dSx ¼CAG½ us dM+h vkykspuk dh Fkh D;ksafd la”kksfèkr vuqeku
dh Hkh 30 Q+hlnh ls T;knk ;k=h&la[;k ntZ ugha dh tk ldhA16 D;k blesa
lpeqp dksbZ pkSadkus okyh ckr gS fd okLrfod ekax çkstsDV ds igys ls yxkbZ
tkus okyh vVdyksa ls bruh de jg tkrh gS\ D;ksa ,d ^yksdfç;* vkSj ^rst+*
ifjogu ç.kkyh fiNys 15 lkyksa ls pkyw jgus ds ckotwn mruh ek=k esa ;kf=;ksa
dks viuh vksj vkdf’kZr ugha dj ik jgh gS ftruk vuqeku Fkk\ D;k fnYyh esVªks
dh Iykfuax esa bl deh ds fy, dksbZ rduhdh [k+jkch ft+Eesnkj gS\ vFkok blds
ihNs dksbZ O;ofLFkr dkj.k gS\

esxk&çkstsDV~l dh Iykfuax ij gq, xgu “kksèk ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g leL;k

fnYyh esVªks rd lhfer ugha gSA f¶yOCt+xZ ¼2007½ us 258 ifjogu lacaèkh cqfu;kns
<kaps dh ifj;kstukvksa dh ykxr esa o`f) dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k fd “kgjh
jsy ifj;kstukvksa dh vly ykxr esa vuqeku ls 45 Q+hlnh dh vkSlr o`f) gqbZ
Fkh tcfd ;kf=;ksa dh vly la[;k esa vuqeku ls 40 Q+hlnh rd dh fxjkoV vkbZ
FkhA17 bl rjg] “kgjh jsy ifj;kstuk,a u dsoy viuh ykxr ds fygkt+ ls cfYd
vius jktLo dh laHkkoukvksa ds fygkt+ ls Hkh tksf[keiw.kZ gSaA

bl rjg tksf[ke dks ^O;ofLFkr :i ls de vkadk* tkrk gS vkSj cqfu;kns <kaps dh

ifj;kstukvksa dh Iykfuax esa ,slk ns[kk tkuk vke gSA18 ;g ifj;kstuk,a nLrkostksa
esa vPNh fn[kkbZ tkrh gSa rFkk buds ykxr&ykHk fo”ys’k.k esa csgn xyr iwokZuqekuksa
dk bLrseky gksrk gSA blds vykok] ,sls çkstsDVksa ds fy, vè;;u dh çfØ;k esa
dksbZ lkoèkkuh ugha cjrh tkrhA flQZ >wB ds fdys cukdj turk ds gt+kjksa djksM+
#i;ksa dh ifj;kstukvksa dks cspk tkrk gSA

16 https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cag-raps-delhi-metro-for-shortfall-in-rider-
ship-398252
17 https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cag-raps-delhi-metro-for-shortfall-in-rider-
ship-398252
18 Bent Flyvbjerg; Survival of the unfittest: why the worst infrastructure gets
built—and what we can do about it, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 25,
Issue 3, 1 October 2009, Pages 344–367, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp024

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 15
esVªks ds fy, vaèkkèkqaèk nkSM+ % jkT; ljdkjksa ds [kkyh gksrs [ktkus
esVªks çkstsDV egaxs vkSj vlaxr gSaA fVdkÅ tu&ifjogu ds vU; fodYi lLrs nke
esa ekStwn gSaA dsoy ,d gh “kgj esa esVªks fuekZ.k jkT; ljdkjksa ij Hkkjh jktdks’kh;
cks> Mkyus ds fy, dkQh gSA fQj Hkh] esVªks ,d vkd’kZd baætky dh rjg gS]
ftldk bLrseky lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa ds jktusrk rqPN pqukoh Qk;nksa ds fy,
djrs jgs gSaA jktuSfrd vkdkvksa dh esVªks esa ?kksj :fp ls jkT; vkSj uxj&Lrj dh
vFkZO;oLFkk dks uqdlku igq¡puk r; gSA19

fnYyh esVªks ds mnkgj.k ls ;g Li’V gS fd vU; Hkkjrh; “kgjksa esa esVªks çkstsDV ds
fy, dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks u flQZ iwath nsuh gksxh cfYd cgqr yEcs le;
rd muds ifjpkyu dh ykxr esa Hkh lfClMh nsuh gksxhA vkSj “kk;n ;g lfClMh
ges”kk gh nsuh iM+sA flQZ bruk gh ugha] esVªks jsy ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, Hkkjh ek=k
esa fons”kh d+t+Z Hkh fy;k x;k gS] ftlij C;kt Hkh yxrk gSA blesa dksbZ “kd ugha
fd ljdkj ds fy, bl C;kt vkSj ewyèku dks pqdkuk Vs<+h [khj lkfcr gksxkA tks
esVªks fuxe foÙkh; :i ls det+ksj gSa] muds ^d+t+Z ds dqpØ* esa Qalus dh laHkkouk
vkSj vfèkd gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa mUgsa mckjus ds fy, varr% turk ds gh èku dk
bLrseky gksxkA

vkf[kjdkj] ;g iSlk gekjk gS!

tSlk fd igys crk;k tk pqdk gS] fnYyh esVªks dks bfDoVh vkSj vuqnkuksa ds rkSj
ij dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dh enn feyrh jgh gSA esVªks esa rhu pj.kksa esa yxHkx
25]000 djksM+ #i;s ¼bfDoVh ds :i esa 18-1 gt+kj djksM+] vuqnku ds :i esa 4-9
gt+kj djksM+ #i;s vkSj xkS.k ¼lc‚fMZusV½ _.k ds :i esa 1-8 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s½
dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk Mh,evkjlh dks fn, tk pqds gSaA 38-3 gt+kj djksM+
#i;s dk tsvkbZlh, dtZ gS ftldh lkykuk C;kt nj 1-8 çfr”kr gSA xkSjryc
gS fd ;g yksu jktdh; lqj{kk çkIr ¼sovereign backed½ gSa] ftldk eryc gS fd
budks pqdkus dh xkjaVh ^turk ds iSls* ij gSA
19 https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/Is-Metro-rail-the-
way-to-go/article20665814.ece

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

16
bl rjg] pkgs og lkykuk ctV ls gq, vkoaVu ls vk;s gksa ;k fons”kh d+t+Z gks]
ewy :i ls ;g turk ds iSls gh gSa tks esVªks ifj;kstukvksa esa yxk;s tk jgs gSaA bu
ifj;kstukvksa esa turk ds iSls dks yksu ds :i esa yxkuk lhèks ctVh; vkoaVu ls
Hkh T;knk uqdlkunsg gSA bl çdkj dh QafMax dks ^_.k foÙkiks’k.k* dgrs gSaA ;g
foÙkiks’k.k cgqjk’Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds fgr esa gksrk gS vkSj ;g dtZ ysus okys ns”k dh
vFkZO;oLFkk dks C;kt+ pqdkus ds cks> rys nck nsrk gSA

Hkkjr varjkZ’Vªh; ,tsafl;ksa ls QafMax ysus esa foÜo esa lcls vxz.kh gSA 2010 ls
2015 ds chp ,f”k;k esa Qkbusal çkS|ksfxdh ¼^fQuVsd*½ esa gq, dqy fuos”k dk 38
çfr”kr Hkkjr esa gqvkA20 vkfèkdkfjd vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd+] Hkkjr dks ekStwnk le;
esa lkykuk 50 gtkj djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd dh jkf”k fons”kh dtZ ds :i esa pqdkuh
iM+ jgh gSA bl ljdkjh dtZ dk cM+k fgLlk ¼50 çfr”kr ls vfèkd½ Hkkjr ds
LFkkuh; cSadksa ds eRFks gSA21

bl rjg ds çkstsDV foÙkh; ,tsafl;ksa ds laj{kd ns”kksa ds vkfFkZd vkSj

HkkSxksfyd&jktuhfrd #fp;ksa ds fygkt ls egRoiw.kZ Hkh gks ldrs gSaA bu fodflr
ns”kksa dh ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk eqæLQhfrtfur eanh ¼stagflation½ ls xqtj jgh gS vkSj
blfy, dtZ&vkèkkfjr foÙk ds ekè;e ls vk; djuk mudh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fgr
esa gSA blls ;g Li’V gks tkrk gS fd ;g ns”k viuh rduhd dks u, cktkjksa esa
cspus ds fy, fdrus vkrqj gSa] pkgs mldh ogk¡ t:jr gks ;k u gksA

&&&&&
 

20 Bent Flyvbjerg; Survival of the unfittest: why the worst infrastructure gets
built—and what we can do about it, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 25,
Issue 3, 1 October 2009, Pages 344–367, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp024
21 Gopinath S (2007). Development of Local Currency Bond Markets: The Indian
Experience. Mimeo, Federal Reserve Bank of India.

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 17

,;jiksVZ ,Dlçsl ykbu

,d vèkwjh çse dgkuh

Hkkjr esa gokbZ ;k=kvksa dh la[;k 21oha lnh ds nkSjku rsth ls c<+h gSA vk¡dM+s crkrs
gSa fd 2017&18 esa fnYyh ,;jiksVZ ij jkstkuk vkSlru 1-8 yk[k ;k=h vk, tcfd
2002&03 esa ;g la[;k egt 10-5 gtkj ;k=h çfrfnu vkSj 2012&13 esa 1 yk[k
;k=h çfrfnu ls de FkhA ,;jiksVZ ls vkus&tkus ds fy, tu ifjogu ds lkèku
dh c<+rh ek¡x ds pyrs fnYyh esVªks ,;jiksVZ ,Dlçsl ykbu dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ
FkhA blds tfj;s nks eq[; ykHk igq¡pus okys Fks & fnYyh ,;jiksVZ igq¡pus ds le;
esa dVkSrh] vkSj fnYyh ,;jiksVZ dks ckdh “kgj ls tksM+us okys ekxksZa ij tke dh
leL;k dks de djukA fnYyh esVªks ,Dlçsl ykbu 22-7 fdeh yEch gS ¼ftlesa ls
16 fdeh èkjkry ds uhps vkSj 7 fdeh èkjkry ls Åij gS½ vkSj bl ij 6 LVs”ku
gSaA fQygky bls Mh,evkjlh gh pyk jgk gS vkSj bldk j[kj[kko Hkh ogh dj
jgk gSA ysfdu ewy ;kstuk ,slh ugha FkhA

bfrgkl
fnYyh esVªks ds igys vkSj nwljs pj.kksa esa ,;jiksVZ ls dusfDVfoVh ugha nh xbZ FkhA
c<+rh ekax dks ns[krs gq, Mh,evkjlh us u;h fnYyh vkSj bafnjk xk¡èkh varjkZ’Vªh;
,;jiksVZ dks tksM+rh ,d u;h gkbZ&LihM esVªks ykbu dk çLrko j[kkA Mh,evkjlh
us bl ifj;kstuk dh is”kd”k ljdkjh&futh Hkkxhnkjh ;kfu ih-ih-ih- ds :i esa Hkh
dh ftlesa blds lapkyu ls tqM+s lHkh flfoy dk;ksZa ds fy, Mh,evkjlh ftEesnkj
Fkh vkSj blds lapkyu ds fy, ,d futh fj;k;r çkIr HkkxhnkjA fnYyh esVªks
,Dlçsl ykbu dks 2008 esa fjyk;al ds usr`Ro okys laxBu dks fn;k x;kA bl
O;oLFkk dks ,d Lis”ky iiZl Oghdy ¼SPV½ ds ekè;e ls ykxw fd;k x;k] ftls
fnYyh ,;jiksVZ esVªks ,Dlçsl çkbosV fyfeVsM ¼Mh-,-,e-bZ-ih-,y-½ ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA blds flfoy dk;ksZa dks Mh,evkjlh }kjk fd;k tkuk Fkk vkSj lapkyu

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

18
ls tqM+s cqfu;kns <kaps dh vkiwfrZ] mls yxkuk] pykuk vkSj mldk j[kj[kko djuk
fnYyh ,;jiksVZ esVªks ,Dlçsl çkbosV fyfeVsM ds ftEes FkkA ;g r; fd;k x;k
fd vxys 30 lkyksa rd ;g laLFkk bl ykbu dk lapkyu djsxhA

bl ifj;kstuk dh dqy ykxr 5700 djksM+ #i;s Fkh vkSj bldh Qkbusaflax d+t+Z]
bfDoVh vkSj vuqnku ls ekè;e ls dh xbZA fjyk;al bUÝk fyfeVsM us blds fy,
2800 djksM+ #i;s dk Hkqxrku fd;k ftlesa ls 980 djksM+ #i;s ?kjsyw _.k ds
rkSj ij bdës fd, x, vkSj ckdh bfDoVh ds ekè;e ls vk;kA ,;jiksVZ v‚ijsVj
us ,;jiksVZ ds vUnj flfoy dk;ksZa ds fy, vuqnku ds :i esa 680 djksM+ #i;s
dk Hkqxrku fd;kA vyx&vyx lzksrksa ls gksus okyh QafMax ds fy, fp=&9 ns[ksaA

fp=&9 % fnYyh ,;jiksVZ ,Dlçsl ykbu dh QafMax ds lzksr

bl ifj;kstuk dks vDVwcj 2010 esa pkyw fd;k tkuk Fkk] ;kfu fnYyh jk’VªeaMy
[ksyksa ls igysA gkykafd] blds fuekZ.k esa vfèkd le; yx x;k vkSj ;g Qjojh]
2011 esa gh pkyw gks ldkA

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 19
fookn vkSj dkuwuh ekeyk
Qjojh] 2011 esa bl ykbu ds pkyw gksus ds yxHkx ,d lky ds ckn] ;kfu ebZ
2012 esa Mh,,ebZih,y us fc;fjax vkSj xMZj esa dqN [kkeh ns[kh vkSj Mh,evkjlh
dks bldh lwpuk nhA22 tulqj{kk dks ns[krs gq, bl ykbu dks rkRdkfyd rkSj ij
can dj fn;k x;kA la;qä fujh{k.k lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa lkeus vk;k fd 91 Q+hlnh
fc;fjax [kjkc Fkha vkSj 7 çfr”kr xMZj esa njkjsa FkhaA

blds ckn Mh,evkjlh vkSj Mh,,ebZih,y esa vkjksi&çR;kjksi dk flyflyk “kq:

gks x;kA tgk¡ ,d rjQ Mh,evkjlh us vkjksi yxk;k fd fjyk;al le>kSrs ls
ckgj gksus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk gS] ogh¡ Mh,,ebZih,y us Mh,evkjlh ij flfoy
dk;ksZa esa ?kfV;k dke djus dk byt+ke yxk;kA

;g fookn ftl eqís ij Fkk] og iwjs ekeys dk ,d >yd Hkj FkhA fjyk;al dks
;kf=;ksa dh de la[;k vkSj [kqnjk ckt+kj dks fodflr djus dh ;kstuk dh
foQyrk ls tw>uk iM+ jgk FkkA Mh,evkjlh dk vuqeku Fkk fd ykbu pkyw gksus
ds rqjar ckn ;kf=;ksa dh vkSlru la[;k çfrfnu 46000 jgsxh tcfd 2020 rd
;g c<+ds 86000 gks tk,xhA gkykafd] tc bls vLFkk;h rkSj ij can fd;k x;k Fkk
rc ;kf=;ksa dh vkSlru la[;k çfrfnu 11000 ls dqN gh T;knk Fkh] ;kuh ftruk
vuqekfur fd;k x;k Fkk mldk egt 25 Q+hlnhA

twu 2013 esa fjyk;al us bl vuqcaèk dks [k+Re djus ds fy, vkfèkdkfjd :i ls
,d uksfVl Hkstk ftls Mh,evkjlh us [k+kfjt dj fn;kA ;g ekeyk QSlys ds fy,
pyk x;kA Mh,evkjlh us ,d fu.kZ; ihB ¼fookpu eaMy½ dks ukfer fd;k ftlus
ebZ 2017 esa Mh,evkjlh dks Mh,,ebZih,y ¼fjyk;al bUÝk½ dks 2800 djksM+ #i;s
dk eqvkotk nsus dk QSlyk lquk;kA23 ;gk¡ è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd fjyk;al
us 2800 djksM+ #i;s dk fuos”k ?kjsyw _.k vkSj bfDoVh ds ekè;e ls fd;k FkkA

22 https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2923/stories/20121130292304500.htm
23 https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/reliance-infrastruc-
ture-wins-rs-2950-cr-arbitration-award-against-dmrc/664367

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20
*ihihih^ uke dh tknw dh NM+h
fnYyh ,;jiksVZ ,Dlçsl ykbu dk fookn ,d gkbZ&çksQkby ekeyk Fkk D;ksafd ;g
“kgjh jsy ifj;kstuk esa igyk ihihih FkkA ;g çse dgkuh oSlh ugha pyh tSlk fd
[+okc ns[kk x;k Fkk vkSj tqykbZ 2013 esa blh ykbu dk ekfydkuk gd Mh,evkjlh
ds gkFkksa esa vk x;kA fQj Hkh] esVªks ifj;kstukvksa esa ihihih ds çfr vHkh rd eksgHkax
ugha gks ik;k gSA ,slk D;ksa gS\

esVªks tSlh vèkkslajpukvksa ds ekfydkus gd+ ¼LokfeRo½ dk ekWMy vke rkSj

ij fuEu esa ls dksbZ ,d gksrk gS &
1- ljdkj ds LokfeRo okyh ifj;kstuk
¼v½ dsaæ ljdkj ds ikl iwjk LokfeRo gks
¼c½ jkT; ljdkj ds ikl iwjk LokfeRo gks
¼l½ dsaæ vkSj jkT; dk la;qä :i ls LokfeRo gks
2- futh&LokfeRo okyh ifj;kstuk
3- ljdkjh&futh Hkkxhnkjh ¼ihihih½

T+;knkrj esVªks jsy ifj;kstuk,a ftUgsa Hkkjrh; “kgjksa esa Iyku fd;k tk jgk gS ;k
is”k fd;k tk jgk gS] os ljdkj ds LokfeRo okyh ifj;kstuk,a gSaA gkykafd] eqacbZ
esVªks ykbu vkSj gSnjkckn esVªks ihihih gSa vkSj xqM+xk¡o jSfiM esVªks futh gS] ftldk
ekfydkuk gd Mh,y,Q ds ikl gSA ljdkj ds LokfeRo okyh ifj;kstuk,a 50%50
bfDoVh QkeZwyk dks viuk jgh gSa ftlesa jkT; vkSj dsaæ ljdkjsa feydj ,d
Lis”ky iiZl Oghdy cukrh gSa] tks iwathxr [kpZs ds fy, bfDoVh vkSj C;kt&eqä
_.k çnku djrk gSA tsvkbZlh,] ,Mhch] bZvkbZch] ds,QMCyw tSlh varjZjk’Vªh;
Qkbusaflax ,tsafl;ksa ls Hkh iSlk vkrk gS] tks v‚fQfl;y MsoyiesaV vflLVsal
¼vkfèkdkfjd fodkl lgk;rk ;kuh vksMh,½ ds :i esa fn;k tkrk gSA

esVªks jsy uhfr vkSj ihihih

vxLr 2017 esa dsUæh; eaf=eaMy us u;h esVªks jsy uhfr dks eatwjh nhA24 bl uhfr
24 http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170009

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 21
esa u, esVªks çLrkoksa ds fy, futh Hkkxhnkjh dks vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k gSA fdlh
ifj;kstuk dks dsaæ ls lgk;rk feyus ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd mlesa futh
Hkkxhnkjh gksA bl uhfr esa lkQ+ rkSj ij ;g dgk x;k gS fd

*ftu esVªks jsy ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, dsaæ ls enn dh vis{kk dh tkrh gS

muesa esVªks jsy ifj;kstuk ds lHkh fgLlksa ds fy, ;k fQj dqN vyx&vyx
fgLlksa ¼tSls vkWVksesfVd HkkM+k ,d=k.k] lsokvksa dk j[kj[kko vkSj lapkyu
vkfn½ ds fy, futh Hkkxhnkjh vfuok;Z gSA^

bl uhfr dk mís”; Hkkjr ds dbZ “kgjksa esa ^esVªks dh c<+rh pkgr dks lkdkj :i
nsuk* FkkA bl uhfr ds nLrkostksa esa ekuk x;k gS fd esVªks ifj;kstukvksa ds fy,
^lalkèkuksa dh Hkkjh t+:jr* gksrh gSA esVªks jsy ifj;kstukvksa dks foÙkh; :i ls
O;kogkfjd cukus ds fy,] bl uhfr esa ifjogu&mUeq[k fodkl ¼Transit Oriented
Development] ;k la{ksi esa TOD½ ds }kjk ewY; vfHkxzg.k ¼value capturing½ dks
vfuok;Z cuk;k x;k gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd tks jkT; esVªks ifj;kstuk dk çLrko
is”k dj jgs gSa] os LVs”kuksa ij okf.kfT;d fodkl] foKkiuksa vkSj [kkyh txg dks
yht ij nsdj HkkM+s ls brj jktLo iSnk djsaA bl uhfr ds vuqlkj] esVªks ifj;kstuk,a
^”kgjh ifjogu* ifj;kstuk,a ugha gSa] cfYd ^”kgjh :ikarj.k* ifj;kstuk,a gSaA bl
rjg bl uhfr ls ;g vk”kadk iSnk gksrh gS fd dgha “kgj dh lajpuk esa ges”kk ds
fy, dk;kiyV u dj fn;k tk,A

bl uhfr esa jkT;ksa dks ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd os ^esVªks xfy;kjksa ds vklikl ?kuh
“kgjh vkcknh* dks c<+kok nsaA Hkkjrh; “kgjksa esa igys ls gh vkcknh dk ?kuRo cgqr
T;knk gSA ?kuRo dks vkSj c<+kok nsus ls “kgj ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy, jgus dh fLFkfr
csgrj gksus dh ctk; vkSj Hkh cnrj gks tk,xhA rks D;k bl uhfr dks cukrs le;
Hkkjr esa “kgjhdj.k dh okLrfodrk dk è;ku j[kk x;k gS\

&&&&&

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

22

;fn esVªks u gks rks\

fnYyh esVªks dh volj ykxr

fnYyh esVªks esa Hkkjh vkfFkZd ykxr yxh gSA fnYyh esVªks ds Qk;nksa dks cgqr vPNh
rjg ls ntZ fd;k x;k gS vkSj turk rd igq¡pk;k x;k gSA ysfdu fnYyh esVªks
dh volj ykxr ¼opportunity cost½ ij ppkZ dks fdukjs j[k fn;k x;k gSA ,slk
Hkh laHko gS fd fdlh vU; rjhds ls blls cgqr de iSlk [kpZ djds ifjogu
ds csgrj ifj.kke ik, tk ldrs FksA esVªks&jsy VªkaftV dh ctk; cl&vkèkkfjr
fu;fer ;k rst+ ifjogu lsok,a lhèks rkSj ij csgrj fodYi gSaA bl rjg] fnYyh
esVªks dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij dksbZ Hkh ppkZ MhVhlh vkSj fnYyh esVªks ds rqyukRed
vè;;u ds fcuk vèkwjh gSA

MhVhlh vkSj Mh,evkjlh % D;k ;g [ksy cjkcjh dk gS\

2011 ds ckn ls MhVhlh ds csM+s esa ,d Hkh u;h cl ugha yk;h xbZ gSA fnYyh
ljdkj us ckj&ckj dgk gS fd cl dh [kjhn ,d cM+k eqík gSA mldk vkjksi gS
fd cl cukus okyh daifu;ksa us cl dh vkiwfrZ djus esa fnypLih ugha fn[kkbZ gSA
gkykafd dqN fuekZ.k daifu;ksa us blij vkifÙk trkbZ gSA25 fuekZrkvksa dk nkok gS
fd dksbZ VsaMj gh fudkyk ugha x;k Fkk vkSj j[kj[kko dh ykxr ds ckjs esa Hkh dqN
r; ugha fd;k x;k FkkA

MhVhlh dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd ikfdZax dh i;kZIr lqfoèkk miyCèk ugha gSA bldks
Hkh ,d cgkuk gh le>k tkuk pkfg,A MhVhlh ds ikl 43 cl fMiks gSa tks {kerk
ds fglkc ls Hkjs Hkh ugha gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd ;g cl fMiks viuh {kerk ds fglkc
ls Hkjs Hkh gksrs gSa rks Hkh cgqeaftyk cl fMiks cukdj mudh {kerk dks c<+k;k tk
25 http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/why-is-no-one-bidding-for-dtc-
tenders-for-low-floor-buses/article24018430.ece

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 23
ldrk FkkA ,d n”kd ls Hkh T;knk gq,] MhVhlh us vius flLVe dh {kerk esa dksbZ
btkQ+k ugha fd;k gSA ysfdu leL;k bruh gh ugha gSA MhVhlh ds ikl tks Hkh
{kerk Fkh mlus mldks Hkh cuk;s ugha j[kk gSA bu lkyksa esa MhVhlh clksa ds csM+s
esa rsth ls fxjkoV vkbZ gS ¼fp=&10 ns[ksa½ tcfd Mh,evkjlh us gj lky u;h
cksfx;k¡ [kjhnh gSaA

fp=&10 % fnYyh esVªks ds dkspksa vkSj MhVhlh ds clksa ds csM+s esa lky nj lky vk;k cnyko

fp=&11 % fiNys ikap foÙko’kksZa esa MhVhlh vkSj Mh,evkjlh ds ;kf=;ksa ds çfrfnu vkSlr esa
vk;k cnyko

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

24
blesa dksbZ vk”p;Z ugha gS fd bu lkyksa esa MhVhlh esa lokjh djus okys ;kf=;ksa dh
la[;k esa deh vkbZ gS ¼fp=&11 ns[ksa½A gkykafd] bl pkVZ ls ;g Hkh Li’V gksrk gS
fd MhVhlh ds ;kf=;ksa dh la[;k esa fxjkoV fnYyh esVªks ds ;kf=;ksa dh la[;k esa
c<+ksÙkjh ds vuqlkj gh gqbZ gSA fQj Hkh] fnYyh esVªks ls T;knk yksx MhVhlh clksa
ls ;k=k djrs gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd fnYyh tSls “kgj esa cl ifjogu ç.kkyh ds
egÙo dks de ugha vk¡dk tk ldrkA

MhVhlh vkSj fMEV~l tSls cl ifjogu v‚ijsVjksa ds vykok Hkkjrh; jsy Hkh fnYyh
esa ,d fjax jsy xfy;kjs dk lapkyu djrh gSA26 ;g ,d 35&fdyksehVj yack
xksykdkj usVodZ gS tks 1975 esa pkyw gqvk Fkk vkSj 1982 ds ,f”k;kbZ [ksyksa ds
nkSjku bl ij miuxjh; jsy lsok dh “kq#vkr dh xbZ FkhA27 ml le; ls vHkh
rd bldh la[;k de gksdj ik¡p Vªsuksa rd lhfer gks xbZ tks nsjh dh leL;k ls
Hkh xzLr gSaA dqN LVs”kuksa esa fVdV dkmaVj rd ugha gS vkSj jkLrs esa fVdV dh
psfdax Hkh ugha gksrh gSA ;kf=;ksa dh çfrfnu vkSlr la[;k 3700 gks xbZ gS vkSj
yksxksa us bl lsok dk bLrseky u djus dk dkj.k nsjh] ifjogu ds QhMj lkèkuksa
¼tSls v‚Vks½ dk vHkko vkSj vlkekftd rÙoksa dh ekStwnxh dks crk;kA28 vxj bl
lsok dk j[kj[kko Bhd ls fd;k x;k gksrk] fcuk nsjh ds bls pyk;k x;k gksrk
vkSj eè;orÊ tu ifjogu ¼Intermediate Public Transport] ;k la{ksi esa IPT½ dk
,d QhMj usVodZ cuk;k x;k rks ;g ,d cM+h vkcknh ds fy, lLrk ;krk;kr
dk lkèku cu ldrk FkkA

d‚Dl ¼2004½ us rdZ fn;k gS fd U;w;‚dZ vkSj VksD;ks tSls “kgjksa ¼tgk¡ ,d l?ku
dsaæh; O;kolkf;d uxj ;kuh central business district gS½ ds fy, esVªks ç.kkyh
mi;qä gksrh gS D;ksafd ogk¡ jkst+xkj laHkkouk,a ,d txg ij dsfUær gksrh gSaA ;g
26 fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; }kjk chvkjVh,l dks lajf{kr djus vkSj csgrj cukus dk fu.kZ;
fn, tkus ds ckotwn fnYyh dh vke vkneh ikVÊ ljdkj }kjk fnYyh chvkjVh dks u’V dj
fn, tkus ls igys fMEV~l mls Hkh lapkfyr djrh FkhA
27 https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ring-railway-in-an-ever-expand-
ing-delhi-a-ghost-railway-servicelingers/
28 ibid.

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 25
u;h fnYyh&jk’Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=] gSnjkckn ;k caxyq: tSls “kgjksa ds fy, mi;qä
ugha gS ftlesa “kgj ds dbZ dsaæ gksrs gSaA29 blfy,] ,sls “kgjksa esa “kgjh ifjogu ds
fy, ,d foLr`r cl usVodZ dks egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+sxhA

volj ykxr
Qst&III esa fnYyh esVªks ds fuekZ.k dh çfr fdyksehVj ykxr 286 djksM+ #i;s
gks pqdh gSA ogha] mlh Lrj ds chvkjVh,l dh ykxr 10&15 djksM+ #i;s çfr
fdyksehVj ls T;knk ugha vkrhA fnYyh esVªks dks pykus dk [kpZ tks 2011&12 esa
4-3 djksM+ #i;s çfr fdyksehVj Fkk] og 2016&17 esa c<+dj 13-8 djksM+ #i;s çfr
fdyksehVj gks x;kA ekStwnk tu ifjogu lapkydksa ;kuh MhVhlh vkSj fMEV~l dh
çfr fdyksehVj lapkyu ykxr yxHkx bruh gh gSA30

esVªks ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, gj ckj t+ehu dk vfèkxzg.k djuk iM+rk gSA ihihih ds
fy, yxkrkj cuk;s tkus okys ncko vkSj esVªks ifj;kstukvksa dk iwjh rjg futhdj.k
;g fn[kkrs gSa fd esVªks equkQs ds fy, pyk;k tkus okyk m|e rks cu x;k gS
ysfdu blesa equkQ+k ugha gks jgkA fnYyh esVªks ,d ifjogu vèkkslajpuk dh ctk;
,d fj;y ,LVsV ifj;kstuk cu x;k gSA31

blds Bhd foijhr] MhVhlh equkQs ds fy, ugha gSA MhVhlh ds ikl cM+s bykds gSa
ftudk vHkh rd bLrseky ugha gqvk gSA blfy,] t+ehu dk vfèkxzg.k dksbZ eqík
ugha gSA fnYyh ds iqjkus xkoksa esa dbZ yksxksa us MhVhlh fMiks vkSj VfeZuy ds fy,
viuh t+ehusa ns nh Fkha D;ksafd muls oknk fd;k x;k Fkk fd mUgsa vkokxeu dh
lqfoèkk feysxh vkSj lkekftd dY;k.k gksxkA D;k ;g MhVhlh dh ftEesnkjh ugha
gS fd og vius okns fuHkk;s\
29 Mohan, Dinesh. 2008. “Mythologies, Metros & Future Urban Transport.” Eco-
nomic and Political Weekly, no.January: 41–53
30 http://shaktifoundation.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Role-of-Bus-Aggrega-
tors-in-improving-city-bus-servicesin-India.pdf
31 Hazards Centre (2006), “Delhi metro Rail - A New Mode of Public Transport”,
Hazards Centre, a unit of Sanchal Foundation, New Delhi.

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

26
okLro esa] MhVhlh cl&LV‚i okys {ks= ij Hkh ekfydkuk gd ugha trkrhA tgka
fnYyh esVªks vius ifjlj esa gj ukxfjd ds ços”k] fudkl vkSj ekStwnxh dks
lhvkbZ,l,Q vkSj iqfyl dh enn ls fu;af=r djrh gS] ogh¡ geus MhVhlh dks
clksa ds vUnj ;k cl&LV‚i ij çrh{kk djus okys vius ;kf=;ksa dh lqfoèkk vkSj
vkjke ds fy, dksbZ mik; djrs ugha ns[kkA

u;h esVªks uhfr i;kZoj.kh; vkSj lkekftd ft+Eesnkjh ls tqM+h fparkvksa ij ekSu joS;k
viuk, gSA32 tcfd ;g eqís fVdkÅ “kgjh ifjogu ds lcls dsUæh; fl)kar gSaA
;g uhfr flQZ foÙkh; O;ogk;Zrk ij è;ku dsfUær djrh gS vkSj jkT;ksa dks u,
“kgjksa esa T;knk ls T;knk ,evkjVh,l pykus ij tksj nsrh gSA ;g ml ykxr ij
è;ku ugha nsrh] tks bu ifj;kstukvksa ds i;kZoj.kh; vkSj lkekftd çHkko ds dkj.k
vk,xhA bu esVªks dk;ZØeksa dk eq[; ,tsaMk Hkkjh ek=k esa “kgjh t+ehu dk vfèkxzg.k
djuk gksxkA blls u flQZ gt+kjksa yksx vius orZeku fuokl LFkku ls csn[ky dj
fn, tk,¡xs] cfYd cgqrsjs vkSj ukxfjd Hkh “kgj ds vfèkdkj ls oafpr j[ks tk;saxsA

esVªks jsy dh lud ds dkj.k fnYyh esVªks vkSj vU; eg¡xh esVªks ifj;kstukvksa esa
foÙkh; çcaèku ds u, rjhds dks bZtkn djus ds fy, cgqr ncko fn;k tk jgk gSA
ogha dqN ewyHkwr mik;ksa dks le; ls djds MhVhlh dks vius vki esa foÙkh; :i
ls fVdkÅ cuk;k tk ldrk FkkA

gkykafd] MhVhlh dh gkyr chrs lkyksa esa cgqr rst+h ls [kLrk gqbZ gS ysfdu blus
viuh lkekftd ft+Eesnkjh vkSj nkf;Roksa ls iwjh rjg eqag ugha eksM+k gSA blus viuh
laLFkkxr lajpuk cuk, j[kh gSA MhVhlh vc Hkh ofj’B ukxfjdksa] Ldwyh ifjogu
lsokvksa vkSj VªkaftV ikl ij NwV nsrk gSA iqfyldeÊ MhVhlh clksa esa ;k=k djus
ij HkkM+k ugha nsrs gSa tcfd mUgsa ;k=k ds fy, vykm;al ¼allowance½ feyrk gSA
;g lkekftd ykHk tks MhVhlh nsrh gS] fnYyh esVªks ugha nsrh gSA ofj’B ukxfjdksa
dks NwV nsus ds ,d loky ij Mh,evkjlh us pkSFkh HkkM+k fuèkkZj.k lfefr dks tokc

32 http://urbanmobilityindia.in/Upload/Conference/479674d4-8fe6-4e4b-aeb6-
19a3c037a4d4.pdf

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 27
fn;k fd fnYyh esVªks ,d vyx rjg dh ç.kkyh gS vkSj lekt ds ,d oxZ fo”ks’k
dks VªkaftV ikl nsuk laHko ugha gSA

;gh eq[; fcanq gSA fnYyh esVªks lkekftd U;k; dh fparkvksa ls eqä gSA LekVZ dkMZ
èkkjdksa vkSj fdlh [k+kl le; ¼u‚u&ihd vofèk] jfookj vkSj jk’Vªh; vodk”kksa½ ij
;k=k djus ds fy, lcdks nh tkus okyh NwVksa dk ,d gh edln gS& T;knk ls
T;knk yksxksa dks ;k=k djus ds fy, vkdf’kZr djukA fnYyh esVªks dks ofj’B ukxfjdksa]
cPpksa] efgykvksa] fodykaxks] chih,y ifjokjksa vkSj ,sls vU; lkekftd&vkfFkZd :i
ls oafpr lewgksa dks Hkh NwV okys ikl nsus pkfg, FksA

;g Hkh Li’V ugha gS fd D;k fnYyh esVªks dks lkoZtfud LFkku dgk tk ldrk gSA
dqN phtsa vkSj dqN xfrfofèk;k¡ tks vU;Fkk dkuwuh :i ls ekU; gSa] mudh esVªks
ifjlj ds vUnj vuqefr ugha gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fnYyh esVªks esa [kkuk] QksVks
[khapuk ;k ;gk¡ rd fd ekfpl ysdj tkuk Hkh çfrcafèkr gSaA33 fuf”pr :i ls]
;gk¡ Qsjhokyksa dks rks fcydqy vuqefr ugha gSA

fnYyh esVªks vkSj os nkos ftUgsa dHkh iwjk ugha fd;k x;k
fnYyh esVªks dk lcls T;knk çpkfjr nkok Fkk ^lM+d VªSfQd esa deh*A bl rjg
blus gekjs le; ds lcls cM+s “kgjh elyksa & ;kfu VªSfQd tke] ok;q çnw’k.k vkSj
lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dk fuokj.k djus dk oknk fd;k FkkA tcfd] fLFkfr fcydqy
mYVh fn[k jgh gS vkSj lM+d VªSfQd c<+rk tk jgk gSA ;g ,d la;ksx ek= ugha
gSA okLro esa] bl ifj?kVuk dks ^;krk;kr dh çsfjr ekax* dgk tkrk gSA ;g mlh
rjg dke djrh gS tSls dksbZ dkuwuA tc Hkh ekStwnk ifjogu usVodZ esa ,d u,
¶ykbZvksoj ;k esVªks tSlh dksbZ u;h ç.kkyh yk;h tkrh gS] rks VªSfQd c¡V tkus
ds dkj.k de rks gks tkrk gS ysfdu ;g deh vLFkk;h gksrh gSA cgqr tYn gh]
ç.kkyh esa u;k VªSfQd ^çsfjr* gksdj ços”k djrk gS vkSj ç.kkyh esa fQj ls ladqyu
¼dats’ku½ vk tkrk gSA bl çdkj] {kerk esa foLrkj dh ekax fQj ls iSnk gks tkrh
33 https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/travelling-by-delhi-metro-this-
is-what-you-cannot-carry-anymorewith-you/868698/

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

28
gS vkSj cdokl ;kstukvksa dk ;g pØ nqckjk “kq: gks tkrk gSA

nwljk nkok çnw’k.k ds Lrj esa fxjkoV dk FkkA ysfdu fnYyh esa çnw’k.k ds Lrj
esa dksbZ deh ugha vkbZ gS cfYd ;g c<+k gh gSA ;gk¡ Hkh ogh çfØ;k ykxw gksrh
gS] ftlds ckjs esa Åij crk;k x;k gSA cl lsokvksa dh yxkrkj mis{kk ds dkj.k]
fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij dkj] HkkM+s dh VSDlh@v‚Vks vkSj vU; eksVj okguksa dk ç;ksx
djus okys yksxksa dh la[;k esa o`f) gks xbZ gSA futh okguksa dh la[;k esa o`f) bl
ckr dk lcwr gS fd fnYyh esVªks ,d lekos”kh vkSj mi;qä tu ifjogu O;oLFkk
cukus esa foQy jgh gS] tks yksxksa dks mudh dkjksa vkSj vU; futh okguksa ls ckgj
yk ldsA

rhljk] fu;fer vkSj rst+ cl ifjogu O;oLFkk dks ;fn jsy&vkèkkfjr ,evkjVh,l
ls T;knk egÙo fn;k x;k gksrk rks vkokxeu ds lexz Lrj esa dkQh lqèkkj vk;k
gksrkA tSlh fd bl fjiksVZ esa igys ckr dh xbZ gS] fnYyh esa T;knkrj yksx fu;fer
:i ls NksVh nwjh r; djrs gSaA bl çdkj] de iwath vkSj lapkyu [kpZ ij ,d
tu ifjogu }kjk vfèkd lqxE;rk gkfly dh tk ldrh FkhA

bl çdkj] tc bu nkoksa ds fglkc ls fnYyh esVªks dh foQyrk dks ns[kk tk,] rks
blesa fuos”k dh volj ykxr cgqr vfèkd gSA

&&&&&

dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k

 29

fnYyh vkSj bldh esVªks

vc D;k\

vkxs dksbZ foLrkj ugha

Hkkjrh; “kgjksa ds fy, ,fyosVsM vkSj Hkwfexr jsy ç.kkfy;k¡ vR;fèkd eg¡xh gSa vkSj
fiNys vuqHko ls gesa irk pyrk gS fd bl rjg dh ifj;kstukvksa dks vkfFkZd :i
ls fVdkÅ gksus ds fy, la?k’kZ djuk iM+rk gSA34 blfy,] fnYyh esVªks dk vc vkSj
vfèkd foLrkj ugha fd;k tk,A

fuos'k dh çkFkfedrkvksa dks Bhd fd;k tk,

,d ,slk ifjogu ra= ftlesa esVªks gkoh gks] dHkh ,slk ;krk;kr ugha çnku dj
ldrk tks lqxerk vkSj lerk lqfuf”pr djsA fnYyh esa vyx&vyx loZs{k.kksa esa
yxkrkj ;g lkeus vk;k gS fd T;knkrj yksx viuh fu;fer ;k=k ds fy, NksVh
nwjh r; djrs gSaA ^dke ij tkus ds fy, ;k=k* ij Hkkjrh; tux.kuk ¼2011½ ds
vkadMsa+ crkrs gSa fd 25 Q+hlnh ls T;knk dkexkj vius dk;ZLFky rd iSny tkrs
gSa vkSj 10 Q+hlnh ls vfèkd blds fy, lkbfdy dk bLrseky djrs gSaA fnYyh esVªks
ds ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd 80 çfr”kr ls T;knk esVªks ;k=k,a 10 fdyksehVj
ls vfèkd dh gksrh gSa tcfd fnYyh esa 10 fdyksehVj ls vfèkd dh ;k=k,a dqy
;k=kvksa dk egt+ 10 Q+hlnh gSaA35 ;g fuos”k dh çkFkfedrkvksa vkSj ifjogu
vèkkslajpuk esa csesy dks n”kkZrk gSA “kgjh ifjogu ladV ls fuiVus ds fy, gesa
ftl rduhd dh t+:jr gS og gekjs lkeus gS& lkbfdysaA ;|fi ifjogu ds
xSj&eksVj lkèkuksa ¼tSls iSny pyu] lkbfdy] lkbfdy&fjD”kk½ ds fy, cqfu;kn

34 Mohan, Dinesh. 2008. “Mythologies, Metros & Future Urban Transport.” Eco-
nomic and Political Weekly, no.January: 41–53
35 Goel, R., & Tiwari, G. (2014). Promoting Low Carbon Transport in India: Case
Study of Metro Rails in Indian Cities.

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

30
<kapk cukus dh ckr jk’Vªh; “kgjh ifjogu uhfr ¼NUTP½ esa Hkh dgh xbZ gS] ysfdu
;g vc Hkh nwj dh dkSM+h yxrk gSA

cl jSfiM VªkaftV flLVe ¼chvkjVh,l½ dh vksj okil è;ku

fnYyh esa cl jSfiM VªkaftV flLVe ij okil è;ku nsus dh vko”;drk gSA
chvkjVh,l u flQZ rst+ ¼jSfiM½ gS] cfYd ;g lekt ds çR;sd oxZ dh igq¡p esa
Hkh gSA vU; fuEu&ekè;e vk; okys ns”kksa ¼LMIC½ esa gksus okys ç;ksxksa esa ;g ckr
Li’V gqbZ gS fd “kq#vkr esa chvkjVh dks dkQh fojksèk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS
D;ksafd ;g lM+d ij dkjksa vkSj futh okguksa ds vkfèkiR; dks [k+Re djrk gSA fQj
Hkh] ,d lqfu;ksftr chvkjVh,l ç.kkyh i;kZoj.k rFkk leqnk;ksa ij fcuk nq’çHkko
Mkys voljksa dh lekurk dks c<+krh gSA

,dh—r ifjogu esa fuos'k fd;k tk,

le; dh ekax gS fd “kgjh ifjogu dks ,d lexz :i esa ns[kk tk,A ifjogu
ç.kkyh dk mís”; gj ukxfjd dks igq¡p çnku djuk gksuk pkfg, vkSj blds lkFk
gh mldk i;kZoj.k ij cqjk çHkko Hkh ugha iM+uk pkfg,A blds fy, t+:jh gS fd
ifjogu ds gj lkèku] ftlesa xSj&eksVj ¼iSny] lkbfdy] lkbfdy fjD”kk rFkk
vU;½] eè;orÊ tu ifjogu ¼v‚Vks&fjD”kk] VsEiks ;k VSDlh tSls IPT½] cl ;krk;kr
¼BRT rFkk fu;fer cl VªkaftV½] jsy&vkèkkfjr tu ;krk;kr ¼lcvcZu jsy rFkk
esVªks@eksuksjsy½ ;k futh eksVj okgu ¼eksVjlkbfdy] LdwVj vkSj dkjsa½ “kkfey gSa]
dh t+:jr vkSj mldh Hkwfedk dk ;kstuk esa è;ku j[kk tk,A

fuos”k çkFkfedrk,a bl çdkj gksuh pkfg, fd ftruk gks lds futh okguksa ds
ç;ksx dks grksRlkfgr fd;k tk,A lM+d ds foLrkj vkSj ¶ykbZvksoj ds fuekZ.k esa
turk ds iSlksa dks yxkuk ifjogu ds ml mís”; ds foijhr gS ftldh bl [kaM
dh “kq#vkr esa ppkZ dh xbZ FkhA bu lq>koksa dks xaHkhjrk ls fy;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj
ifjogu ifj;kstukvksa ds foÙkh;u ij QSlyk djrs oä ,d u, uhfrxr ut+fj,
dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,A
&&&&&
dt+Z dh lokjh % rhljs pj.k ds ckn fnYyh esVªks dk foÙkh; fo'ys"k.k
 31
uksV~l
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh

lsaVj QkWj Qkbusafl;y ,dkmaVsfcfyVh ¼lh,Q,½ jk"Vªh; ,oa
varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkkuksa dh Hkwfedk] vkSj fodkl] ekuokfèkdkj]
i;kZoj.k ds lkFk vU; dbZ {ks=ksa ij muds çHkko dk leh{kkRed
fo'ys"k.k ,oa fujh{k.k djrk gSA

lh,Q, ukxfjd lekt lewgksa] lkekftd vkUnksyuksa vkSj

lkeqnkf;d lewgksa ds lkFk Hkkxhnkjh djds ;g lqfuf'pr djus
dk ç;kl djrk gS fd foÙkh; laLFkku turk ds çfr ikjn'kÊ
,oa tokcnsg jgsaA

ge jk"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkkuksa ¼cSafdax rFkk xSj&cSafdax nksuksa½]

cgqi{kh; ,oa f}i{kh; laLFkkuksa] fu;kZr lk[k ,tsafl;ksa rFkk
u, cSadksa& ,f'k;u baÝkLVªDpj bUosLVesaV cSad ¼AIIB½ rFkk U;w
MsoyiesaV cSad ¼NDB½] dk leh{kkRed ijh{k.k ,oa fujh{k.k
djrs gSaA

gekjs dk;ksZa esa vuqlaèkku rFkk dk;ZØe nksuksa 'kkfey gSaA ge

lwpuk lalkèku rFkk uhfr fo'ys"k.k nksuksa dk çdk'ku djrs gSaA
gekjs tkx:drk dk;ZØe tu tkx:drk esa o`f) djds rFkk
foÙkh; tokcnsgh ds eqíksa ij tu&foe'kZ dks çksRlkgu nsdj foÙk
dks ljy cukus ds fy, ç;kl djrs gSaA