PEMBANGUNAN DEPOT LPG PRESSURIZED

CALCULATION
Document No. Rev : 0

Pipe Sizing Page Number

MJPL-DED-PP-001
LPG and Vapour System 1 of 10

Client : PT Pertamina (Persero)

Project Name : Pembangunan Depot LPG Pressurized

Location : Amurang, Sulawesi Utara

0 15/06/15 Issued for Approval DN AH HE

Rev. Date Revision Description Prepared Checked Approved

 PEMBANGUNAN DEPOT LPG PRESSURIZED
DI AMURANG, SULUT
DOCUMENT NUMBER : MJPL-DED-PP-001
Pipe Sizing
LPG and Vapour System
Page Nu
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION 2 of

Fluid Content LPG

Density 509 kg/m3
Temperature 33 oC
Grafity 9.81 m/s2
Operating Pressure 12 bar
Design Pressure 18 bar

(2) CALCULATION
Maximum condition
Flow Velocity Survace Area Min. Pipe dia
Line
Gpm m3/s ft/sec m/sec ft2 m2 in

Jalur dari Jetty ke Spherical Tank 2902.4 0.1831 101.34 30.89 0.0638 0.0059 3.4204

Jalur dari Spherical Tank ke LPG Pump House 1452.3 0.0916 57.97 17.67 0.0558 0.0052 3.199

Jalur dari Pump House ke Filling Shed 864.44 0.0545 112.73 34.359 0.0171 0.0016 1.7699

REFERENCE

Rev. 0
Rev. 0
 Page Number
2 of 10

Min. Pipe dia Prop. Pipe dia

mm in mm

86.877 11.94 303.28

81.253 10.019 254.48

44.956 3.067 77.902

Rev. 0
Rev. 0
 PIPE SIZING AND PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
1 DESIGN DATA :
2 Jenis Aliran Fluida LPG
3 Density (r) 530.6 kg/m3
4 Viskositas Kinetik Fluida (u) 0.12 cp
5 Viskositas dinamik Fluida (m) 0.00012 Ns/m2
6 Flow Rate (Q) 350 MT/hr
7 659.6 m3/hr
8 0.183 m3/s 231.00 ft/m
9 2,902 GPM
10 Assume : Pipe 12" Sch.40 12.76 100,837 B/D 0.41
11 0.41
12 Di = 11.940 in 11.94
13 Velocity (V) 0.012*(Q/Di) ft/s
14 101.34 ft/s
15 30.9 m/s
16 111,203 m/hr
17 Pipe Length (L) 275 m
18 Acceleration of Gravity (g) 9.8 m/s2
19
20 Pipe Sizing
21 (Area) A = Q/V = 0.006 m2
22 Pipe Diameter = 0.087 m
23 = 3.421 in
24 Pipe Diameter Inside used = 11.940 in 11.94
25 Nominal Pipe Size (Min. Dia. Req. ) = 12" Pipe Sch. 40
26 Actual Pipe Dia (Di) = 11.940 in
27 = 0.303 m
28 = 303 mm
29 Section Area (A) = 0.072 m2
30 Actual Flowrate (Q) = 8,033.1 m3/hr
31 4,262.3 MT/hr
32 Reynold Number (Re)
33 Re = (rho*V*Di)/u
34 = 40,248,638
35 0 < Re <2,100 Laminer -
36 Re > 4,000 Turbulent 40,248,638
37 2,100 < Re < 4,000 Transition -
38
39 Total Head Calculation
40 Friction Coefficient (f) = (64*u)/(rho*V*Di)
41 = 0.0000000004
42
43 (1) Friction Headloss (Hf) = f*((L*V^2)/(Di*2*g))
44 = 0.000019 m
45 (2) Friction Fitting & Valve (Hft)
46 elbow Long Radius 2 2.1 4.20
47 Tees 8 1.4 11.20
48 Strainer 1 1.7 1.70
49 Globe Valve 0 79.3 -
50 Ball Valve 10 1.0 10.00
51 Angle Valve 0 27.5 -
52 SUM 27.10 m
53 (3) Geodetic Head (Hg) = 0.45 m
54 (4) Suction Head (Hs) = 0.35 m
55 Total Head (Htot) = Hf + Hft + Hg + Hs
56 = 27.9 m
57
58 Pressure Drop Calculation
59 D P = f * (L/Di) * rho *((V^2)/2) = 0.10 Pa
60 0.0000010 Kg/cm2
61 Liquid Level = 15.00 m
62 Pressure at Full Load 77,998 Pa
63 0.80 Kg/cm2
64 11.32 psi
 PIPE SIZING AND PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
1 DESIGN DATA :
2 Jenis Aliran Fluida LPG
3 Density (r) 509.0 kg/m3
4 Viskositas Kinetik Fluida (u) 0.11 cp
5 Viskositas dinamik Fluida (m) 0.00011 Ns/m2
6 Flow Rate (Q) 168 MT/hr
7 330.1 m3/hr
8 0.092 m3/s
9 1,452 GPM
10 48,402 B/D
11 Assume : Pipe 10" Sch.40
12 Di = 10.019 in
13 Velocity (V) 0.012*(Q/Di) ft/s
14 57.97 ft/s
15 17.7 m/s
16 63,612 m/hr
17 Pipe Length (L) 150 m
18 Acceleration of Gravity (g) 9.8 m/s2
19
20 Pipe Sizing
21 (Area) A = Q/V = 0.005 m2
22 Pipe Diameter = 0.081 m
23 = 3.200 in
24 Pipe Diameter Inside used = 10.019 in
25 Nominal Pipe Size (Min. Dia. Req. ) = 10" Pipe Sch. 40
26 Actual Pipe Dia (Di) = 10.019 in
27 = 0.254 m
28 = 254 mm
29 Section Area (A) = 0.051 m2
30 Actual Flowrate (Q) = 3,235.5 m3/hr
31 1,646.9 MT/hr
32 Reynold Number (Re)
33 Re = (rho*V*Di)/u
34 = 20,807,372
35 0 < Re <2,100 Laminer -
36 Re > 4,000 Turbulent 20,807,372
37 2,100 < Re < 4,000 Transition -
38
39 Total Head Calculation
40 Friction Coefficient (f) = (64*u)/(rho*V*Di)
41 = 0.0000000009
42
43 (1) Friction Headloss (Hf) = f*((L*V^2)/(Di*2*g))
44 = 0.000008 m
45 (2) Friction Fitting & Valve (Hft)
46 elbow Long Radius 2 2.1 4.20
47 Tees 8 1.4 11.20
48 Strainer 1 1.7 1.70
49 Globe Valve 0 79.3 -
50 Ball Valve 10 1.0 10.00
51 Angle Valve 0 27.5 -
52 SUM 27.10 m
53 (3) Geodetic Head (Hg) = 0.45 m
54 (4) Suction Head (Hs) = 0.35 m
55 Total Head (Htot) = Hf + Hft + Hg + Hs
56 = 27.9 m
57
58 Pressure Drop Calculation
59 D P = f * (L/Di) * rho *((V^2)/2) = 0.04 Pa
60 0.0000004 Kg/cm2
61 Liquid Level = 15.00 m
62 Pressure at Full Load 74,823 Pa
63 0.76 Kg/cm2
64 10.86 psi
 PIPE SIZING AND PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
1 DESIGN DATA :
2 Jenis Aliran Fluida LPG
3 Density (r) 509.0 kg/m3
4 Viskositas Kinetik Fluida (u) 0.11 cp
5 Viskositas dinamik Fluida (m) 0.00011 Ns/m2
6 Flow Rate (Q) 100 MT/hr
7 196.5 m3/hr
8 0.055 m3/s
9 864 GPM
10 28,811 B/D
11 Assume : Pipe 3" Sch.40
12 Di = 3.067 in
13 Velocity (V) 0.012*(Q/Di) ft/s
14 112.73 ft/s
15 34.4 m/s
16 123,691 m/hr
17 Pipe Length (L) 75 m
18 Acceleration of Gravity (g) 9.8 m/s2
19
20 Pipe Sizing
21 (Area) A = Q/V = 0.002 m2
22 Pipe Diameter = 0.045 m
23 = 1.770 in
24 Pipe Diameter Inside used = 3.067 in
25 Nominal Pipe Size (Min. Dia. Req. ) = 3" Pipe Sch. 40
26 Actual Pipe Dia (Di) = 3.067 in
27 = 0.078 m
28 = 78 mm
29 Section Area (A) = 0.005 m2
30 Actual Flowrate (Q) = 589.6 m3/hr
31 300.1 MT/hr
32 Reynold Number (Re)
33 Re = (rho*V*Di)/u
34 = 12,385,341
35 0 < Re <2,100 Laminer -
36 Re > 4,000 Turbulent 12,385,341
37 2,100 < Re < 4,000 Transition -
38
39 Total Head Calculation
40 Friction Coefficient (f) = (64*u)/(rho*V*Di)
41 = 0.0000000014
42
43 (1) Friction Headloss (Hf) = f*((L*V^2)/(Di*2*g))
44 = 0.000083 m
45 (2) Friction Fitting & Valve (Hft)
46 elbow Long Radius 2 2.1 4.20
47 Tees 8 1.4 11.20
48 Strainer 1 1.7 1.70
49 Globe Valve 0 79.3 -
50 Ball Valve 10 1.0 10.00
51 Angle Valve 0 27.5 -
52 SUM 27.10 m
53 (3) Geodetic Head (Hg) = 0.45 m
54 (4) Suction Head (Hs) = 0.35 m
55 Total Head (Htot) = Hf + Hft + Hg + Hs
56 = 27.9 m
57
58 Pressure Drop Calculation
59 D P = f * (L/Di) * rho *((V^2)/2) = 0.42 Pa
60 0.0000042 Kg/cm2
61 Liquid Level = 15.00 m
62 Pressure at Full Load 74,823 Pa
63 0.76 Kg/cm2
64 10.86 psi
 PIPE SIZING AND PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
1 DESIGN DATA :
2 Jenis Aliran Fluida VAPOUR
3 Density (r) 1,530.0 kg/m3
4 Viskositas Kinetik Fluida (u) 0.11 cp
5 Viskositas dinamik Fluida (m) 0.00011 Ns/m2
6 Flow Rate (Q) 200 MT/hr
7 130.7 m3/hr
8 0.036 m3/s
9 575 GPM
10 57,621 B/D
11 Assume : Pipe 6" Sch.40
12 Di = 6.067 in
13 Velocity (V) 0.012*(Q/Di) ft/s
14 113.97 ft/s
15 34.7 m/s
16 125,057 m/hr
17 Pipe Length (L) 250 m
18 Acceleration of Gravity (g) 9.8 m/s2
19
20 Pipe Sizing
21 (Area) A = Q/V = 0.001 m2
22 Pipe Diameter = 0.036 m
23 = 1.436 in
24 Pipe Diameter Inside used = 6.067 in
25 Nominal Pipe Size (Min. Dia. Req. ) = 6" Pipe Sch. 40
26 Actual Pipe Dia (Di) = 6.067 in
27 = 0.154 m
28 = 154 mm
29 Section Area (A) = 0.019 m2
30 Actual Flowrate (Q) = 2,332.5 m3/hr
31 3,568.7 MT/hr
32 Reynold Number (Re)
33 Re = (rho*V*Di)/u
34 = 74,458,040
35 0 < Re <2,100 Laminer -
36 Re > 4,000 Turbulent 74,458,040
37 2,100 < Re < 4,000 Transition -
38
39 Total Head Calculation
40 Friction Coefficient (f) = (64*u)/(rho*V*Di)
41 = 0.0000000002
42
43 (1) Friction Headloss (Hf) = f*((L*V^2)/(Di*2*g))
44 = 0.000024 m
45 (2) Friction Fitting & Valve (Hft)
46 elbow Long Radius 2 2.1 4.20
47 Tees 8 1.4 11.20
48 Strainer 1 1.7 1.70
49 Globe Valve 0 79.3 -
50 Ball Valve 10 1.0 10.00
51 Angle Valve 0 27.5 -
52 SUM 27.10
53 (3) Geodetic Head (Hg) = 0.45 m
54 (4) Suction Head (Hs) = 0.35 m
55 Total Head (Htot) = Hf + Hft + Hg + Hs
56 = 27.9 m
57
58 Pressure Drop Calculation
59 D P = f * (L/Di) * rho *((V^2)/2) = 0.36 Pa
60 0.0000036 Kg/cm2
61 Liquid Level = 15.00 m
62 Pressure at Full Load 224,910 Pa
63 2.29 Kg/cm2
64 32.63 psi
m
 Fluid Velocity
(ft/min) (Ft/min) (m/s)
Acetylene, steel pipe 4000 20
Air, 0-30 psi, steel pipe 4000 20
Ammonia, liquid, steel pipe 360 1.8
Ammonia, gas, steel pipe 6000 30
Benzene, steel pipe 360 1.8
Bromine, liquid, glass pipe 240 1.2
Bromine, gas, glass pipe 2000 10
Calcium Chloride, steel pipe 240 1.2
Carbon Tetrachloride, steel pipe 360 1.8
Chlorine, liquid, steel pipe 300 1.5
Chlorine, gas, steel pipe 2000 - 5000 25-Oct
Chloroform, liquid, steel or copper pipe 360 1.8
Chloroform, gas, steel or copper pipe 2000 10
Ethylene, gas, steel pipe 6000 30
Ethylene Dibromide, glass pipe 240 1.2
Ethylene Dichloride, steel pipe 360 1.8
Ethylene Glycol, steel pipe 360 1.8
Hydrogen, steel pipe 4000 20
Hydrogenchloric Acid, liquid, rubber lined pipe 300 1.5
Hydrogenchloric Acid, gas, rubber lined pipe 4000 20
Methyl Chloride, liquid, steel pipe 300 1.5
Methyl Chloride, gas, steel pipe 4000 20
Natural gas, , steel pipe 6000 30
Oil lubricating, steel pipe 300 1.5
Oxygen, stainless steel 1800 - 4000 20-Sep
Propylene Glycol, steel pipe 300 1.5
Perchlorethylene, steel pipe 360 1.8
Steam, 0-30 psi, saturated, steel pipe 4000 - 6000 20 - 30
Sulfuric acid 240 1.2
Sulfur Dioxide, steel pipe 4000 20
Styrene, steel pipe 360 1.8
Trichlorethylene, steel pipe 360 1.8
Vinyl Chloride, steel pipe 360 1.8
Vinylidene Chloride, steel pipe 360 1.8
Water, steel pipe 180 - 480 0.9 - 2.4
 Absolute Viscosity
Fluid
(N s/m2, Pa s) (cp) (104 lbm/ft sec)
Acetic acid 0.001155 1.155 7.76
Acetone 0.000316 0.316 2.12
Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol) 0.001095 1.095 7.36
Alcohol, methyl (methanol) 0.00056 0.56 3.76
Alcohol, propyl 0.00192 1.92 12.9
Benzene 0.000601 0.601 4.04
Blood 0.003 - 0.004
Bromine 0.00095 0.95 6.38
Carbon Disulfide 0.00036 0.36 2.42
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.00091 0.91 6.11
Castor Oil 0.65 650
Chloroform 0.00053 0.53 3.56
Decane 0.000859 0.859 5.77
Dodecane 0.00134 1.374 9.23
Ether 0.000223 0.223 1.5
Ethylene Glycol 0.0162 16.2 109
Freon refrigerant R-11 0.00042 0.42 2.82
Glycerine 0.95 950 6380
Heptane 0.000376 0.376 2.53
Hexane 0.000297 0.297 2
Kerosene 0.00164 1.64 11
Linseed Oil 0.0331 33.1 222
Mercury 0.0015 1.53 10.3
Milk 0.003
Octane 0.00051 0.51 3.43
Phenol 0.008 8 54
Propane 0.00011 0.11 0.74
Propylene 0.00009 0.09 0.6
Propylene glycol 0.042 42
Toluene 0.00055 0.55 3.7
Turpentine 0.001375 1.375 9.24
Water, Fresh 0.00089 0.89 6
The following definitions, conversion factors, tables, and other information for and about propane, butane and propane/butane m
only. While we exercised great caution during the compilation, we can not guarantee accuracy and urge everybody to verify the
find.

THEORETICAL COMPATIBLE PROPA

The table below shows Propane/Air mixtures, compatible with natural gas with s

All figures are approximate and are given for Propane with specific gravity
Natural Gas Propane / Air Mixture

SGU BTU/cuft % LPG % Air SGU BTU/cuft

800 47.54 52.46 1.252 1196

850 50.87 49.13 1.27 1280

900 54.24 45.76 1.287 1365

950 57.65 42.35 1.306 1450

0.56 1000 61.11 38.89 1.324 1538

1050 64.62 35.38 1.342 1626

1100 68.16 31.84 1.361 1715

1150 71.76 28.24 1.38 1805

1200 75.4 24.6 1.4 1897

800 46.62 53.38 1.247 1173

850 49.88 50.12 1.264 1254

900 53.18 46.82 1.282 1338

950 56.52 43.48 1.3 1422

0.58 1000 59.9 40.1 1.317 1507

1050 63.33 36.67 1.336 1593

1100 66.8 33.2 1.354 1681

1150 70.32 29.68 1.373 1769

1200 73.88 26.12 1.392 1859

800 45.76 54.24 1.243 1151

850 48.95 51.05 1.259 1232

900 52.18 47.82 1.276 1313

950 55.45 44.55 1.294 1395

0.6 1000 58.76 41.24 1.311 1478

1050 62.12 37.88 1.329 1563

1100 65.51 34.49 1.347 1648

1150 68.95 31.05 1.365 1735

1200 72.43 27.57 1.384 1822

Properties of

Chemical formula

Boiling point of liquid at atmospheric pressure

Specific Gravity of vapor (Air = 1)

Specific Gravity of liquid (Water = 1)

Calorific value @ 60°F (15°C)

Latent heat of vaporization

Liquid weight

Vapor volume from 1 gallon of liquid at 60°F

Vapor volume from 1 liter of liquid at 15°C

Vapor volume from 1 lb. of liquid at 60°F

Vapor volume from 1 kg of liquid at 15°C

Combustible limits

Amount of air required to burn 1 cuft. of gas

Amount of air required to burn 1 m3 of gas

Ignition temperature in air

Maximum flame temperature in air

Octane Number

All data is approximate. For actual properties o

Approximate Vapor Pressure in psig and bar

Propane ----> To ----> Butane

Temperature upper row is pressure in psig

bottom row is pressure in bar

95/ 80/ 70/ 60/ 50/ 40/

°F °C 100%
5* 20 30 40 50 60

1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6

-40 -40
0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06

5.6 5.3 4.5 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.2

-30 -34.4
0.39 0.37 0.31 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.15

10.7 10.2 8.6 7.5 6.4 5.4 4.3

-20 -28.9
0.74 0.7 0.59 0.52 0.44 0.37 0.3

16.7 15.9 13.4 11.7 10 8.4 6.7

-10 -23.3
1.15 1.1 0.92 0.81 0.69 0.58 0.46

23.5 22.3 18.8 16.5 14.1 11.8 9.4

0 -17.8
 0 -17.8
1.62 1.54 1.3 1.14 0.97 0.81 0.65

31.3 29.7 25 21.9 18.8 15.7 12.5

10 -12.2
2.16 2.05 1.72 1.51 1.3 1.08 0.86

40.8 38.8 32.6 28.6 24.5 20.4 16.3

20 -6.7
2.81 2.68 2.25 1.97 1.69 1.41 1.12

51.6 49 41.3 36.1 31 25.8 20.6

30 -1.1
3.56 3.38 2.85 2.49 2.14 1.78 1.42

63.3 60.3 51.2 45.2 39.2 33.2 27.1

40 4.4
4.36 4.16 3.53 3.12 2.7 2.29 1.87
77.1 73.6 63.1 56 49 42 35
50 10
5.32 5.07 4.35 3.56 3.38 2.9 2.41

92.4 88.4 76.2 68.2 60.1 52 43.9

60 15.6
6.37 6.09 5.25 4.7 4.14 3.59 3.03

109 105 90.8 81.6 72.3 63.1 53.9

70 21.1
7.52 7.24 6.26 5.63 4.98 4.35 3.72

128 123 107 96.5 86 75.5 65

80 26.7
8.83 8.48 7.38 6.65 5.93 5.21 4.48

149 143 125 113 101 89.4 77.5

90 32.2
10.3 9.86 8.62 7.79 6.96 6.16 5.34

172 165 145 132 118 105 91.3

100 37.8
11.9 11.4 10 9.1 8.14 7.24 6.29

197 189 167 152 137 122 106

110 43.3
13.6 13 11.5 10.5 9.45 8.41 7.31

* HD5, Commercial Grade Propane

BTU content of common fuels

Per Pound Per Gallon

Propane 21,591 91,690

Butane 21,221 102,032

Gasoline 20,930 110,250

Fuel Oil #1 16,960 135,425

Diesel 18,500 142,800

General Information

1 Lb. Steam 970 BTU

1 Boiler HP
33,475 BTU
(per hr)
1 Kilowatt
3,412 BTU
Hour
1 Gallon,
8.337 lbs
Water
1 Cubic Foot,
7.481 gallons
Water
1,728 cubic
1 Cubic Foot
inches
231 cubic
1 Gallon
inches
 Specif

Propane - Air Mixtures

% Specific Gross
% Propane
Air Gravity BTU/cuft

100 0 1.53 2516

95 5 1.504 2390

90 10 1.477 2264

85 15 1.451 2139

80 20 1.424 2013

75 25 1.398 1887

70 30 1.371 1761

65 35 1.345 1635

60 40 1.318 1510

59 41 1.313 1484

58 42 1.307 1459

57 43 1.302 1434

56 44 1.297 1409
55 45 1.292 1384

54 46 1.286 1359

53 47 1.281 1333

52 48 1.276 1308

51 49 1.27 1283

50 50 1.265 1258

49 51 1.26 1233

48 52 1.254 1208

47 53 1.249 1183

46 54 1.244 1157

45 55 1.239 1132

40 60 1.212 1006

35 65 1.186 881

30 70 1.159 755

25 75 1.133 629

20 80 1.106 503

15 85 1.08 377

10 90 1.053 252

5 95 1.027 126

0 100 1 0
All data is based on the

following assumptions:

Engineering Units Conversion F

Multiply By To Obtain

Pressure
 Kilogram per
atm 1.0332
cm2 [kg/cm2]

Pounds per
Atmospheres atm 14.7 squ. inch
[psi]

Inches of
atm 404.189
Water [inWC]

Pounds per
Inches inHg 0.4912 squ. inch
[psi]
Feet of
of Mercury inHg 1.134
Water [ftWC]
Pounds per
Inches inWC 0.0361 squ. inch
[psi]
Inches of
of Water inWC 0.0735 Mercury
[inHg]
Ounces per
inWC 0.5776
square inch

Kilo Pascals kPa 0.01 bar

Pounds per
kg per cm2 kg/cm2 14.22 squ. inch
[psi]
Atmospheres
psi 0.06805
[atm]

Kilogram per
psi 0.07031
cm2 [kg/cm2]

psi 6.8948 kPa

Pounds per
square inch psi 0.06895 bar

Inches of
psi 2.036 Mercury
[inHg]

Inches of
psi 27.68
Water [inWC]

Length

Centimeters cm 0.3937 Inches [in]

Feet ft 0.3048 Meters [m]

Centimeters
Feet ft 30.48
[cm]
Millimeters
Feet ft 304.8
[mm]
Centimeters
Inches in 2.54
[cm]
Millimeters
Inches in 25.4
[mm]

Kilometers km 0.6214 Miles [mi]

Meters m 1.094 Yards [yd]

Meters m 3.281 Feet [ft]

Meters m 39.37 Inches [in]

Miles,
NM 1853 Meters [m]
nautical

Miles, statute SM 1609 Meters [m]

Miles, statute SM 5280 Feet [ft]

Miles, statute SM 63360 Inches [in]

Definitions
Several characteristics affect Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a replacement fuel. These include:

1. Flame Velocity and Color

2. Specific Gravity
3. Calorific Value
4. BTU Measurement (Wobbe Index)

1. Flame Velocity and Color

Because of the different number of carbon atoms in propane, propane-air mixtures produce a flame that is more yello
than that of natural gas. However, the yellow tips are not of any consequence and do not affect burner operation or e
Flame velocities of LPG are near equal to that of natural gas. Therefore, there is no significant flame lift difference be
natural gas and propane-air mixtures.

2. Specific Gravity

The density of gas, relative to air, is called specific gravity. The specific gravity of air is defined as 1. Since propane g
specific gravity of 1.5, propane-air mixtures have a specific gravity of greater than 1. The chart on the right indicates
in BTU per cubic foot, kcal per cubic meter, and the specific gravities of various propane-air mixtures.

Propane - Air Mixtures

% % Specific Wobbe
BTU/cuft % Air
Propane Oxygen Gravity Index
by by by US Units
Kcal/Nm3 of Mixture
Volume Volume Volume
SI Units
1700 1464
66.67 33.33 6.694 1.349
15,130 13,027
1650 1426
64.7 35.3 7.378 1.338
14,685 12,695
1600 1388
62.74 37.26 7.787 1.328
14,220 12,340
1550 1350
60.78 39.22 8.197 1.318
13,795 12,016
1500 1312
58.82 41.18 8.606 1.308
13,350 11,673
1450 1275
56.86 43.14 9.016 1.297
12,950 11,384
1400 1234
54.9 45.1 9.246 1.287
12,450 10,974
1350 1195
52.94 47.06 9.835 1.277
12,015 10,632
1300 1155
50.98 49.02 10.245 1.267
 50.98 49.02 10.245 1.267
11,580 10,288
1250 994
49.02 50.98 10.654 1.257
11,135 9,932

LP - Air Mixtures (LP with 30% Propane / 70% Butane)

% LP % Specific Wobbe
BTU/cuft % Air
Vapor Oxygen Gravity Index
by by by US Units
Kcal/Nm3 of Mixture
Volume Volume Volume
SI Units
1800 1466
59 41 8.588 1.507
16018 13049
1750 1432
57.36 42.64 8.931 1.493
15574 12747
1700 1398
55.72 44.28 9.275 1.479
15129 12441
1650 1363
54.08 45.92 9.618 1.465
14684 12133
1600 1328
52.45 47.55 9.962 1.451
14239 11822
1550 1293
50.81 49.19 10.305 1.436
13794 11509
1500 1258
49.17 50.83 10.648 1.422
13349 11193
1450 1222
47.53 52.47 10.992 1.408
12904 10874
1400 1186
45.88 54.12 11.335 1.394
12459 10552
1350 1149
44.25 55.75 11.678 1.38
12014 10226

Different heat values result primarily from differences in specific gravity. The higher the specific gravity, the heavier th
Since burner orifices, flow meters, regulators, etc. have fixed openings, they allow less flow of heavier gas and there
have a higher heat value to provide the same energy input as a lighter gas.

Most natural gas has an average heat value of approximately 1050 BTU/cuft (9350 kcal/m³) and a specific gravity of
(nominal). Compatible propane-air replacement should have a heat value of approximately 1450 BTU/cuft (12,467 kc
a specific gravity of 1.297.

3. CALORIFIC VALUE

The calorific value is the measurement of the amount of heat or energy produced, and is measured either as gross c
value or net calorific value. The difference being the latent heat of condensation of the water vapor produced during
combustion process. Gross calorific value assumes all water produced during the combustion process is fully conden
calorific value assumes the water leaves with the combustion products without being fully condensed.
Since most gas burning appliances cannot utilize the heat content of the water vapor, gross calorific value is of little i
Fuel should be compared based on the net calorific value. This is especially true for natural gas, since increased hyd
content results in high water formation during combustion.

4. WOBBE INDEX

The Wobbe Index, a critical factor when analyzing Propane-Air plant requirements, is a function of gas quality and al
matching one gas (in this case, natural gas) to a replacement gas (in this case, Propane-Air). If the two different gase
identical Wobbe Index, they will produce an equal amount of heat and combustion products and will require the same
of combustion air. Burners, adjusted for a specific calorific value and fitted with a replacement orifice to match a lowe
Index, result in minor combustion changes. Substituting a gas for one with a higher Wobbe Index, generally allows a
acceptance range. Flame characteristics determine the acceptance range for the replacement gas.

The Wobbe index is defined as:

and is used to compare the energy input into an appliance with different composition fuel gases. If two fuels have ide
Wobbe indices, then for a given burner pressure, the energy input will also be identical.
ne, butane and propane/butane mixtures are compiled from commonly available sources and are reproduced for convenience
and urge everybody to verify the correctness of the data before using them. Also, we appreciate if you alert us of any errors you

RETICAL COMPATIBLE PROPANE/AIR MIXTURES

mixtures, compatible with natural gas with several different specific gravities and calorific values.

d are given for Propane with specific gravity of 1.53 and calorific value of 2516 BTU/cuft.
Natural Gas Propane / Air Mixture

SGU BTU/cuft % LPG % Air SGU BTU/cuft

800 44.93 55.07 1.238 1130

850 48.06 51.94 1.255 1209

900 51.23 48.77 1.272 1289

950 54.43 45.57 1.288 1369

0.62 1000 57.68 42.32 1.306 1451

1050 60.97 39.03 1.323 1534

1100 64.29 35.71 1.341 1618

1150 67.66 32.34 1.359 1702

1200 71.07 28.93 1.377 1788

800 44.15 55.85 1.234 1111

850 47.22 52.78 1.25 1188

900 50.32 49.68 1.267 1266

950 53.47 46.53 1.283 1345

0.64 1000 56.65 43.35 1.3 1425

1050 59.87 40.13 1.317 1506

1100 63.13 36.87 1.335 1588

1150 66.44 33.56 1.352 1672

1200 69.78 30.22 1.37 1756

800 43.41 56.59 1.23 1092

850 46.42 53.58 1.246 1168

900 49.47 50.53 1.262 1245

950 52.55 47.45 1.262 1322

0.66 1000 55.68 44.32 1.295 1401

1050 58.84 41.16 1.312 1480

1100 62.04 37.96 1.329 1561

1150 65.27 34.73 1.346 1642

1200 68.55 31.45 1.363 1725

Natural Gas
CH4

°F -259

°C -162

0.6
 0.6

BTU/cuft 1012

kcal/m³ 9005

MJ/m³ 37.71

BTU/gal

kcal/liter

MJ/liter

BTU/lb

kcal/kg
MJ/kg

BTU/gal

kcal/kg

MJ/kg

kW/kg

lbs/gal

kg/liter

cuft

m³

cuft

m³
% of gas in
15-May
air
cuft
9.53
m³

°F 1200

°C 650

°F 3568
°C 1964

100

data is approximate. For actual properties of any particular batch, contact your fuel supplier.

Temperature Conversion Table

utane °F °C °C °F

g -50 -45.6 -50 -58

ar -40 -40 -40 -40

30/ 20/ -30 -34.1 -30 -22

100%
70 80 -20 -28.9 -20 -4

0.5 0.3 -10 -23.3 -10 14

0.03 0.02 0 -17.8 0 32

1.7 1.1 10 -12.2 10 50

0.12 0.08 20 -6.7 20 68

3.2 2.1 30 -1.1 30 86

0.22 0.14 32 0 35 95

5 3.3 40 4.4 40 104

0.34 0.23 50 10 50 122

7.1 4.7 60 15.6 60 140

0.49 0.23 70 21.1 70 158

9.4 6.3 80 26.7 80 176

0.65 0.43 90 32.2 90 194

12.2 8.2 100 37.8 100 212

0.84 0.57 110 43.3 110 230

15.5 10.3 120 48.9 120 248

1.07 0.71 130 54.4 130 266

21.1 15.1 3 140 60 140 284

1.45 1.04 0.21 150 65.6 150 302

28 20.9 6.9 160 71.1 160 320

1.92 1.44 0.48 170 76.7 170 338

35.8 27.8 11.6 180 82.2 180 356

2.47 1.92 0.8 190 87.8 190 374

44.6 35.4 16.9 200 93.3 200 392

3.08 2.44 1.17 212 100 210 410

45.5 43.9 22.9 Formula:

3.14 3.03 1.58

Degrees C =
65.6 53.6 29.8 (°F - 32) x
5/9
Degrees F =
4.52 3.7 2.05
1.8 x °C + 32
77.9 64.4 37.5

5.37 4.44 2.59

91.4 76.3 46.1

6.3 5.26 3.18

Butane Equivalents

Unit BTU Pound Therm Dekatherm Cuft.

1 Pound = 21,221 1 0.212 0.0212 6.5

1 Therm = 100,000 4.714 1 0.1 30.64

1 Dekatherm
1,000,000 47.14 10 1 306.4
=
1 Cuft. = 3,280 0.1537 0.032 0.0032 1

1 Gallon = 102,032 4.81 1.02 0.102 31.26

Propane Equivalents

Unit BTU Pound Therm Dekatherm Cuft.

1 Pound = 21,591 1 0.216 0.0216 8.58

1 Therm = 100,000 4.622 1 0.1 39.7

1 Dekatherm
1,000,000 46.22 10 1 397
=

1 Cuft. = 2,516 0.1164 0.025 0.0025 1

1 Gallon = 91,690 4.24 0.917 0.0917 36.39

 Specific Gravity and Heat Content by Volume of LP Gas-Air Mixtures

Butane - Air Mixtures

% Specific Gross
% Butane
Air Gravity BTU/cuft

100 0 2 3280

95 5 1.95 3116

90 10 1.9 2952

85 15 1.85 2788

80 20 1.8 2624

75 25 1.75 2460

70 30 1.7 2296

65 35 1.65 2132

60 40 1.6 1968

59 41 1.59 1935

58 42 1.58 1902

57 43 1.57 1870

56 44 1.56 1837
55 45 1.55 1804

54 46 1.54 1770

53 47 1.53 1738

52 48 1.52 1706

51 49 1.51 1672

50 50 1.5 1640

49 51 1.49 1607

48 52 1.48 1574

47 53 1.47 1542

46 54 1.46 1509

45 55 1.45 1476

40 60 1.4 1312

35 65 1.35 1148

30 70 1.3 984

25 75 1.25 820

20 80 1.2 656

15 85 1.15 492

10 90 1.1 328

5 95 1.05 164

0 100 1 0
Propane Vapor

Engineering Units Conversion Factors

Multiply By To Obtain

Length (continued)

Yards yd 0.9144 Meters

Yards yd 91.44 Centimeters

Volume

Cubic Cubic inches

cm3 0.061023
centimeter [in³]

Gallons (US)
Cubic feet cuft 7.48
[gal]

Cubic feet cuft 28.316 Liters [l]

Cubic inches
Cubic feet cuft 1728
[in³]

Cubic yards
Cubic feet cuft 0.037037
[yd³]
Cubic meters
Cubic feet cuft 0.028316
[m³]

Gallons (US)
Gallons (UK) gal 1.20095
[gal]

Cubic feet
Gallons (US) gal 0.13368
[ft³]

Gallons
Gallons (US) gal 0.83267
(Imperial)

Gallons (US) gal 3.785 Liters [l]

Cubic inches
Gallons (US) gal 231
[in³]

Cubic feet
Liters l 0.03531
[ft³]

Liters l 0.2642 Gallons (US)

Liters l 1.057 Quarts (US)

Liters l 2.113 Pints (US)

Pints (US) pnt 0.4732 Liters

Miscellaneous

BTU BTU 252 Calories [cal]

Calories kcal 3.968 BTU

Kilogram kg 2.205 Pounds [lbs]

Kilowatt Hour kWh 3412 BTU

Ounces oz 28.35 Grams [g]

Kilograms
Pounds lb 0.4536
[kg]
Grams
Pounds lb 453.5924
(metric) [g]
Propane
Pounds lb 21600
BTU
These include:

roduce a flame that is more yellow in color

o not affect burner operation or efficiency.
significant flame lift difference between

is defined as 1. Since propane gas has a

The chart on the right indicates heat value
ane-air mixtures.
he specific gravity, the heavier the gas.
ss flow of heavier gas and therefore must

kcal/m³) and a specific gravity of 0.6

mately 1450 BTU/cuft (12,467 kcal/m³) and

nd is measured either as gross calorific

he water vapor produced during the
mbustion process is fully condensed. Net
g fully condensed.
r, gross calorific value is of little interest.
natural gas, since increased hydrogen

s a function of gas quality and allows

ane-Air). If the two different gases have an
roducts and will require the same amount
lacement orifice to match a lower Wobbe
Wobbe Index, generally allows a narrow
placement gas.

fuel gases. If two fuels have identical

cal.
ed for convenience
us of any errors you

Propane Butane
CH4 C3H8 C4H10

-259 -44 32

-162 -42 0

0.6 1.53 2
 0.6 0.51 0.58

1012 2516 3280

9005 22,390 29,189

37.71 93.74 122.21

91,690 102,032

6,103 6,792

25.56 28.44

21,591 21,221

11,995 11,789
50.22 49.36

785 808

102.9 105.9

0.431 0.444

0.1196 0.1231

4.24 4.81

0.508 0.576

36.39 31.26

0.272 0.234

8.547 6.506

0.534 0.406

15-May 2.4 - 9.6 1.9 - 8.6

9.53 23.86 31.02

1200 920 - 1020 900 - 1000

650 490 - 550 480 - 540

3568 3595 3615

1964 1980 1991

100 Over 100 92

Gallon

0.208

0.98

9.8

0.03199

Gallon

0.239

1.1

11

0.027

1
 Propane (30%) Butane (70%)

% % Specific Gross
LPG Air Gravity BTU/cuft

100 0 1.859 3051

95 5 1.816 2898

90 10 1.773 2746

85 15 1.73 2593

80 20 1.687 2441

75 25 1.644 2288

70 30 1.601 2136

65 35 1.559 1983

60 40 1.515 1831

59 41 1.507 1800

58 42 1.498 1769

57 43 1.49 1739

56 44 1.481 1709
55 45 1.473 1678

54 46 1.464 1647

53 47 1.455 1617

52 48 1.447 1587

51 49 1.438 1555

50 50 1.43 1525

49 51 1.421 1495

48 52 1.412 1464

47 53 1.404 1434

46 54 1.395 1404

45 55 1.387 1373

40 60 1.344 1220

35 65 1.301 1068

30 70 1.258 915

25 75 1.215 763

20 80 1.172 610

15 85 1.129 458

10 90 1.086 305

5 95 1.043 153

0 100 1 0
SGU = 1.53 Butane SGU = 2.00

2516 3280
Vapor
BTU/cuft BTU/cuft