Problem on IC-Engine testing

1. Compute the mean piston speed, bmep (bar), torque (Nm), and the power per piston
area for the engines listed in Table

2. A six-cylinder two-stroke engine with a compression ratio r = 9 produces a torque of

1100 Nm at a speed of 2100 rpm. It has a bore b of 123 mm and a stroke s of 127 mm.
a.) What is displacement volume and the clearance volume of a cylinder? b.) What is
the engine bmep, brake work, and mean piston speed?
3. A 4 cylinder 2.5 L spark ignited engine is mounted on a dyno and operated at a speed
of N = 3000 rpm. The engine has a compression ratio of 10:1 and mass air-fuel ratio
of 15:1. The inlet air manifold conditions are 80 kPa and 313 K. The engine produces
a torque of 160 Nm and has a volumetric efficiency of 0.82. (a) What is the brake
power (kW) (b) What is the brake specific fuel consumption bsfc (g/kWh)?
4. (1) A 4-stroke cycle gas engine has a bore of 20 cm and a stroke of 35 cm. The
compression ratio is given to be 8. In a test on the engine the indicated mean effective
pressure is 5 bar, the air to gas ratio is 6 : 1 and the calorific value of the gas is 12
MJ/m3 at NTP. At the beginning of the compression stroke the temperature is 77°C
and pressure is 0.98 bar. Neglecting residual gases, determine the indicated power, the
thermal efficiency and the relative efficiency of the engine at 250 rpm.
(2) A single cylinder engine operating at 2000 rpm develops a torque of 8 N-m. The
indicated power of the engine is 2.0 kW. Find loss due to friction as the percentage of
brake power
5. A 380 cc single-cylinder two-stroke motorcycle engine is operating at 5500 rpm. The
engine has a bore of 82 mm and a stroke of 72 mm. Performance testing gives a bmep
= 6.81 bar, bsfc = 0.49 kg/kW hr, and delivery ratio of 0.748. (a) What is the fuel to
air ratio, FA? (b) What is the air mass flow rate (kg/s)?. (2) A single cylinder engine
operating at 2000 rpm develops a torque of 8 N-m. The indicated power of the engine
is 2.0 kW. Find loss due to friction as the percentage of brake power
6. A 3.8 L four-stroke 4 four cylinder fuel-injected automobile engine has a power
output of 88 kW at 4000 rpm and volumetric efficiency of 0.85. The bsfc is 0.35
kg/kWhr. If the fuel has a heat of combustion of 42 MJ/kg, what are the bmep,
thermal efficiency, and air to fuel ratio? Assume atmospheric conditions of 298 K and
1 bar.
7. A 4.0 L six cylinder engine is operating at 3000 rpm. The engine has a compression
ratio of 10:1, and volumetric efficiency of 0.85. If the bore and stroke are equal, what
is the stroke, the mean piston speed, cylinder clearance volume, and air mass flow rate
into the engine? Assume standard inlet conditions.
8. (1) A gasoline engine works on Otto cycle. It consumes 8 litres of gasoline per hour
and develops power at the rate of 25 kW. The specific gravity of gasoline is 0.8 and
its calorific value is 44000 kJ/kg. Find the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine.
(2) A diesel engine consumes fuel at the rate of 5.5 gm/sec. and develops a power of
75 kW. If the mechanical efficiency is 85%. Calculate bsfc and isfc. The lower
heating value of the fuel is 44 MJ/kg.
9. Find the air-fuel ratio of a 4-stroke, 1 cylinder, air cooled engine with fuel
consumption time for 10 cc as 20.0 sec. and air consumption time for 0.1 m3 as 16.3
sec. The load is 16 kg at speed of 3000 rpm. Also find brake specific fuel
consumption in g/kWh and thermal brake efficiency. Assume the density of air as
1.175 kg/m3 and specific gravity of fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is
44 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is 5000.
10. A six-cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four-stroke cycle. The bore of each
cylinder is 80 mm and the stroke is 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70
cc. At the speed of 4100 rpm, the fuel consumption is 5.5 gm/sec. [or 19.8 kg/hr.) and
the torque developed is 160 Nm. Calculate : (i) Brake power, (ii) The brake mean
effective pressure, (iii) Brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is
44000 kJ/kg and (iv) The relative efficiency on a brake power basis assuming the
engine works on the constant volume cycle r = 1.4 for air
11. A gasoline engine is specified to be 4-stroke and four-cylinder. It has a bore of 80 mm
and a stroke of 100 mm. On test it develops a torque of 75 Nm when running at 3000
rpm. If the clearance volume in each cylinder is 60 cc the relative efficiency with
respect to brake thermal efficiency is 0.5 and the calorific value of the fuel is 42
MJ/kg; determine the fuel consumption in kg/hr. and the brake mean effective
pressure.
12. A six-cylinder, four-stroke engine gasoline engine having a bore of 90 mm and stroke
of 100 mm has a compression ratio 8. The relative efficiency is 60%. When the
indicated specific fuel consumption is 3009 g/kWh. Estimate (i) The calorific value of
the fuel and (ii) Corresponding fuel consumption given that imep is 8.5 bar and speed
is 2500 rpm.
13. A 4-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle engine having cylinder diameter 100 mm and stroke 120
mm was tested at 1600 rpm and the following readings were obtained. Fuel
consumption = 0.27 litres/minute, Specific gravity fuel = 0.74, B.P. = 31.4 kW,
Mechanical efficiency = 80%, Calorific value of fuel= 44000 kJ/kg. Determine: (i)
bsfc, (ii) imep, and (iii) Brake thermal efficiency.
14. A single cylinder and stroke cycle I.C. engine when tested, the following observations
available : Area of indicator diagram = 3 sq.cm, Length of indicator diagram = 4 cm,
Spring constant = 10 bar/cm, Speed of engine = 400 rpm, Brake drum diameter = 120
cm, Dead weight on brake = 380 N, Spring balance reading = 50 N, Fuel consumption
= 2.8 kg/hr., Cv = 42000 kJ/kg, Cylinder diameter = 16 cm, Piston stroke = 20 cm.
Find : (i) F.P., (ii) Mechanical efficiency, (iii) bsfc, and (iv) Brake thermal efficiency
15. A six-cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine having a bore of 90 mm and stroke of 100 mm
has a compression ratio of 7. The relative efficiency with reference to indicated
thermal efficiency is 55% when indicated mean specific fuel consumption is 0.3
 kg/kWh. Estimate the calorific value of the fuel and fuel consumption in kg/hr. Given
that indicated mean effective pressure is 8.5 bar and speed is 2500 rpm.
16. A two stroke diesel engine was motored when the meter reading was 1.5 kW. Then
the test on the engine was carried out for one hour and the following observations
were recorded: Brake torque = 120 Nm; Speed = 600 rpm; Fuel used = 2.5 kg;
calorific value of fuel = 40.3 MJ/kg; Cooling water used = 818 kg; Rise in
temperature of cooling water = 10°C Exhaust gas temperature = 345°C. Room
temperature = 25°C; A/F =32:1. Determine: (i) BP, (ii) IP, (iii) Mechanical efficiency,
(iv) Indicated thermal efficiency, and (v) Draw heat balance sheet on minute basis and
also in percentage.
17. The following observations were recorded during a trial on a 4-stroke diesel engine :
Power absorbed by non-firing engine when Driven by an electric motor = 10 kW
Speed of the engine = 1750 rpm Brake torque = 327.4 Nm Fuel used = 15 kg/hr.
Calorific value of fuel = 42000 kJ/kg Air supplied = 4.75 kg/min. Cooling water
circulated = 16 kg/min. Outlet temperature of cooling water = 65.8°C Temperature of
exhaust gas = 400°C Room temperature = 20.8°C Specific heat of water = 4.19 kJ/kg-
K Specific heat of exhaust gas = 1.25 kJ/kg-K Determine : (i) BP, (ii) Mechanical
efficiency, (iii) bsfc, (iv) Draw up heat balance sheet on kW basis.
18. (1) A vertical single cylinder four stroke diesel engine has a bore = 80 mm and stroke
= 100 mm respectively. It is water cooled and develops a torque of 3.5 N-m. Calculate
the mean effective of the engine.
(2) A diesel engine consumes 5 grams fuel per second and develops a brake power 75
kW. It has a mechanical efficiency of 85%. Find (a) Brake specific fuel consumption
in kg/kW-hr, (b) Indicated specific fuel consumption
19. (1) A 4-stroke cycle gas engine has a bore of 20 cm and a stroke of 35 cm. The
compression ratio is given to be 8. In a test on the engine the indicated mean effective
pressure is 5 bar, the air to gas ratio is 6: 1 and the calorific value of the gas is 12
MJ/m3 at NTP. At the beginning of the compression stroke the temperature is 77°C
and pressure is 0.98 bar. Neglecting residual gases, determine the indicated power, the
thermal efficiency and the relative efficiency of the engine at 250 rpm.
(2) A single cylinder engine running at 180 rpm develops a torque of 8 Nm. The
indicated power of the engine 1.8 kW. Find the loss due to friction power as the
percentage of brake power.
20. (1) The following readings are taken during a test of a four-cylinder, two stroke
gasoline engine. Diameter = 10 cm, Stroke = 15 cm, Speed = 1700 rpm, Area of
positive loop of the indicator diagram = 5.75 sq.cm; Area of the negative loop of the
indicator diagram = 0.25 cm2; Length of indicator diagram = 5.5 cm, Spring constant
= 4.0 bar/cm. Find the indicated power of the engine.
(2) A four cylinder engine running at 1250 rpm delivers 21 kW power. The average
torque when one cylinder was cut is 110 N-m. The calorific value of the fuel is 43
MJ/hr. The engine uses 360 grams of gasoline per kWh. Find indicated thermal
efficiency.
21. (1) An 8-cylinder, four stroke engine of bore 10 cm and 9 cm stroke has a
compression ratio of 7 is 4500 rpm on a dynamometer which has 54 cm arm. During a
 10 minutes test the dynamometer scale beam reading was 48 kg and the engine
consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline having a calorific value of 44000 kJ/kg. Air at 27°C
temperature and 1 bar pressure was supplied to the carburetor at the rate of 6 kg/min.
Find (i) the brake power delivered. (ii) The brake mean effective pressure, (iii) The
brake specific fuel consumption, (iv) The brake specific air consumption, (v) The
brake thermal efficiency, (vi) The volumetric efficiency, (vii) The air-fuel ratio
(2) In a test for four-cylinders, four-stroke engine has a diameter of 100 mm, stroke =
120 mm, speed of engine = 1800 rpm, fuel consumption of 0.2 kg/min, calorific value
of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg. Difference in tension on either side of brake pulley = 40 kg,
Brake circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is 90%. Calculate (i)
Brake-thermal efficiency, (ii) Indicated thermal efficiency, (iii) Indicated mean
effective pressure and (iv) Brake specific fuel consumption
22. (1) An indicator diagram taken from a single-cylinder, four-stroke CI engine has a
length of 100 mm and an area 2000 mm2. The indicator pointer deflects a distance of
10 mm for pressure increment of 2 Bar in the cylinder. If the bore and stroke of the
engine cylinder are both 100 mm and the engine speed is 1200 rpm. Calculate the
mean effective pressure and the indicated power. If the mechanical efficiency is 85%.
What is the brake power developed?

(2) A gasoline engine working on 4-stroke develops a brake power of 22 kW. A

Morse test was conducted on this engine and the brake power (kW) obtained when
each cylinder was made inoperative by short circuiting. The spark plugs are 14.9,
14.3, 14.8 and 14.5 respectively. The test was conducted at constant speed. Find the
indicated power, mechanical efficiency and bmep when all the cylinders are firing.
The bore of engine is 80 mm and stroke is 90 mm. The engine is running at 3000 rpm.
23. The bore and stroke of a water cooled, vertical, single-cylinder, four stroke diesel
engine are 80 mm and 110 mm respectively. The torque is 23.5 Nm. Calculate the
brake mean effective pressure. What would be the mean effective pressure and torque
if the engine rating is 4 kW at 1500 rpm?
24. Find the air fuel ratio of a four stroke, single cylinder, air cooled engine with fuel
consumption time for 10 cc is 20.4 s and air consumption time for 0.1 m3 is 16.3 s.
The load is 7 N at the speed of 3000 rpm. Find also the brake specific fuel
consumption in kg/kWh and brake thermal efficiency. Assume the density of air as
1.175 kg/m3 and specific gravity of the fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of the
fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is 5000.
25. A six cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four stroke cycle. The bore of each
cylinder is 80 mm and the stroke is 100 mm. The clearance volume in each cylinder is
70 cc. At a speed of 4000 rpm and the fuel consumption is 20 kg/h. The torque
developed is 150 N-m. Calculate (i) the brake power, (ii) the brake mean effective
pressure, (iii) brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 43000 kJ/kg
and (iv) the relative efficiency if the ideal cycle for the engine is Otto cycle.
26. An eight cylinder, four stroke engine of 10 cm bore, 9 cm stroke and with a
compression ratio of 78is tested at 4400 rpm on a dynamometer which has 545cm
arm. During a 10 minute test, the dynamometer scale beam reading was 42 kg and the
 engine consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline having a calorific value of 45,000 kJ/kg. Air at 27
C and 1 bar was supplied to the carburetor at a rate of 6 kg/min. Find (i) the brake
power, (ii) the brake mean effective pressure, (iii) the brake specific fuel
consumption, (iv) the brake specific air consumption, (v) volumetric efficiency , (vi)
the brake thermal efficiency and (vii) the air fuel ratio.
27. The following observations were recorded during a trail of a four – stroke, single
cylinder oil engine. Duration of trial = 30 min ; oil consumed = 4 litres ; calorific
value of oil = 43 MJ/kg ;specific gravity of fuel = 0.8 ; average area of the indicator
diagram = 8.5 cm2; length of the indicator diagram = 8.5 cm; Indicator spring
constant = 5.5 bar/cm; brake load = 150 kg; spring balance reading = 20 kg; effective
brake wheel diameter = 1.5 m ; speed = 200 rpm ; cylinder diameter = 30 cm ; stroke
= 45 cm ; jacket cooling water = 10 kg/min ; temperature rise of cooling water = 36 C.
Calculate (i) indicated power, (ii) brake power, (iii) mechanical efficiency, (iv) brake
specific fuel consumption, (v) indicated thermal efficiency, and (vi) heat carried away
by cooling water.
28. A four stroke gas engine has a cylinder diameter of 25 cm and stroke 45 cm. The
effective diameter of the brake is 1.6 m. The observations made in a test of the engine
were as follows. Duration of test = 40 min; Total number of revolutions = 8080; Total
number of explosions = 3230; Net load on the brake = 80 kg ; mean effective pressure
= 5.8 bar; Volume of gas used = 7.5 m3; Pressure of gas indicated in meter = 136 mm
of water (gauge); Atmospheric temperature = 17 C; Calorific value of gas = 19 MJ/
m3 at NTP; Temperature rise of cooling water = 45 C; Cooling water supplied = 180
kg. Draw up a heat balance sheet and find the indicated thermal efficiency and brake
thermal efficiency. Assume atmospheric pressure to be 760 mm of mercury.
29. Test on a two-stroke engine gave the following results at full load. Speed = 350 rpm;
Net brake load = 65 kg ; mean effective pressure = 3 bar ; Fuel consumption = 4 kg/h
; Jacket cooling water flow rate = 500 kg/h ; jacket water temperature at inlet = 20 C ;
jacket water temperature at outlet = 40 C ; Test room temperature = 20 C ;
Temperature of exhaust gases = 400 C; Air used per kg of fuel = 32 kg ; cylinder
diameter = 22 cm ;stroke = 28 cm; effective brake diameter = 1 m ; Calorific value of
fuel = 43 MJ/kg ; Mean specific heat of exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kg –K. Find indicated
power, brake power and draw up a heat balance for the test in kW and in percentage.
30. The following observations were made during a test on a two-stroke cycle oil engine :
Cylinder dimensions - 20 cm bore, 25 cm stroke ; speed, 6 r.p.s.; effective brake drum
diameter, 1.2 metres; net brke load:440 newton; indicated mean effective pressure,
280 kPa; fuel oil consumption, 3.6 kg/hr.; calorific value of fuel oil, 42,500 kJ/kg;
mass of jacket cooling water per hour, 468 kg; rise in temperature of jacket cooling
water, 28°C; air used per kg of fuel oil, 34 kg; temperature of air in test house, 30°C;
temperature of exhaust gases, 400°C; mean specific heat of exhaust gases, 1 H.J/kg K.
Calculate : (a) the brake power, (b) the indicated power, (c) the mechanical efficiency,
(d) the brake mean effective pressure, and (e) brake power fuel consumption in kg per
kW-hr. Draw up a heat balance sheet in kJ/min. and as percentages of the heat
supplied to the engine. Calculate also the brake thermal efficiency of the engine.
31. The following results were obtained during a Morse test on a four-stroke cycle petrol
engine : Brake power developed with all cylinders working .. 1&2 kW Brake power
developed with cylinder No.1 cut-out .. 115 kW Brake power developed with cylinder
No.2 cut-out m 116 kW Brake power developed with cylinder No.3 cut-out .. 11 68
kW Brake power developed with cylinder No.4 cut-out .* 1157 kW Calculate the
mechanical efficiency of the engine. What is the indicated thermal efficiency of the
engine, if the engine uses 7 litres of petrol per hour of calorific value of 42,000 kJ/kg
and the specific gravity of petrol is 0-72?
32. A six-cylinder 4-stroke cycle petrol engine is to be designed to develop 300 kW of
(BP) at 2500 rpm the bore / stroke ratio is to be 1:1.25. Assuming mechanical
efficiency =83% and the required bore and stroke. If the compression ratio of the
engine is to be 6.5 to 1, determine consumption of petrol in kg/h and in kg/bp.hr. Take
the ratio of the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine to that of the constant
volume air standard cycle as 0.55 and the calorific value of the petrol as; 44770kJ/kg.
33. Find out the speed at which a four cylinder engine using natural gas can develop a
brake power of 50kW working under following conditions. Air-gas 9:1, calorific
value of the fuel=34MJ/m3, compression ratio 10:1, volumetric efficiency= 70%,
indicated thermal efficiency =35% and the mechanical efficiency= 80% and the total
volume of engine is 2 litres.
34. A four stroke, 4 cylinder diesel engine running at 2000rpm develops 60kW. Brake
thermal efficiency is 30% and , calorific value of the fuel=42MJ/kg. engine has a bore
of 120mm and stroke of 100mm. take density of air =1.15kg/m3, air fuel ratio= 15:1
and mechanical efficiency=0.8 calculate
(1) Fuel consumption(kg/sec)
(2) Air consumption(m3/s )
(3) Indicated thermal efficiency
(4) volumetric efficiency
(5) Brake mean effective pressure
(6) Mean piston speed
35. A four stroke, single cylinder hydrogen fueled SI engine delivers a brake power of
20kW at 600rpm. The air-gas ratio is 8:1 and the calorific value of the
fuel=11000kJ/m3. The compression ratio is 8:1. If volumetric efficiency= 70%,
Indicated thermal efficiency =33% and mechanical efficiency=90%, calculate the
cubic capacity of the engine
36. An one- litre cubic capacity, A four stroke 4 cylinder SI engine has %, Brake
thermal efficiency =30% and indicated power is 40kW at full load. At half load , it
has mechanical efficiency of 65%, Assuming constant mechanical losses , calculate
1. BP
2. FP
3. Mechanical efficiency at full load
4. Indicated thermal efficiency

If volume decreases by 8-fold during the compression stroke, calculate the clearance
volume
37. A four- stroke SI engine at full load delivers 50kW. It requires 8.5 kW to rotate it
without load at the same speed. Find its mechanical efficiency at full load, half load
and quarter load?

Also find out the volume of fuel consumed per second at full load if the brake thermal
efficiency is 25%, given that calorific value for the fuel is 42MJ/kg and specific
gravity of petrol is 0.75. Estimate the indicated thermal efficiency.
38. The indicated thermal efficiency of 4-stroke engine is 32% and its mechanical
efficiency is 78%. The fuel consumption rate is 20kg/hr running at a fixed speed. The
brake mean pressure developed is 6 bar and the mean piston speed is 12 m/s.
Assuming it to be a single cylinder square engine, calculate the crank radius and the
speed of the engine. Take CV=42000 kJ/kg.
39. An engine is using 5.2kg of air per minute while operating at 1200rpm. The engine
requires 0.2256kg of fuel/hr to produce an indicated power of 1kW. The air-fuel ratio
is 15:1. Indicated thermal efficiency is 38% and mechanical efficiency is 80%.
Calculate (1) BP(2)heating value of fuel
40. A four cylinder, four stroke SI engine has a bore of 80mm and stroke of stroke of
80mm. The compression ratio is 8. Calculate the cubic capacity of engine and the
clearance volume of each cylinder. What type of engine is this?
41. A four-stroke SI engine delivers a BP of 441.6kW with a mechanical efficiency of
85%. The measured fuel consumption is 160kg/hr and air consumption is 410 kg
during one sixth of an hour. The heating value of fuel is 42000kJ/kg. Calculate: (1)
IP(2)FP(3) air-fuel ratio(4) indicated thermal efficiency (5) brake thermal efficiency
42. A 2-stroke CI engine develops a BP of 368kW while 73.6kW is used to overcome the
friction losses. It consumes 180kg/hr of fuel at an air-fuel ratio of 20:1. The heating
value of fuel is 42000kJ/kg. calculate (1) IP(2)Mechanical efficiency(3) air
consumption (4) indicated thermal efficiency (5) brake thermal efficiency
43. A 4- stroke petrol engine delivers a BP of 36.8kW with a mechanical efficiency of
80%. The air-fuel ratio is 15:1 and the fuel consumption is 0.4068 kg/kW-hr . The
heating value of the fuel is 42000kJ/kg. Calculate (1) IP(2)FP(3) total fuel
consumption (4) indicated thermal efficiency (5) brake thermal efficiency(6) air
consumption/second
44. A four-stroke CI engine having a cylinder diameter of 39cm and stroke of 28cm has a
mechanical efficiency of 80%. Assume the FP to be 80kW. Its fuel consumption is
86kg/h with an air-fuel ratio of 18:1. The speed of engine is 2000rpm. Calculate (1) IP
(2) if indicated thermal efficiency is 40%, calculate the calorific value of fuel used (3)
mean effective pressure (4) mass of air/hr
45. A four-cylinder SI engine has the following dimensions: bore=680 mm and crank
radius=375mm. If the compression ratio is 8:1, determine the (1) stroke length (2)
swept volume (3) cubic capacity (4) clearance volume (5) total volume. if the
volumetric efficiency is 805. Determine the (6) actual volume of air aspirated/stroke
in each cylinder?