Rosy lalawmpuii

Section: A
Topic: Pneumonia

1. A client who has been experiencing a chronic illness develops

pneumonia. The nurse is aware that the factor most likely
contributing to the clients develops pneumonia is:
a. Dehydration.
b. Group living.
c. Malnutrition.
d. Severe periodontal disease.

Answer: B Clients with chronic illnesses generally have poor immune

systems. Often, residing in-group living situation the chance of disease
transmission. Adequate fluid intake, adequate nutrition, and proper oral
hygiene help maintain normal defenses and can reduce the incidence of
getting such diseases as pneumonia.

2. A client develops pneumonia. The nurse can expect which

pathophysiological mechanism to develop as a secondary to the
pneumonia?
a. Atelectasis
b. Bronchiectasis
c. Effusion
d. Inflammation

Answer: D The common feature of all types of pneumonia is an inflammatory

pulmonary response to the offending organism or agent. Atelectasis and
bronchiectasis indicate a collapse of ac portion of the airway that doesn’t
occur in pneumonia. An effusion is an accumulation of excess pleural fluid in
the pleural space, which may be a secondary response to pneumonia.

3. a client diagnosed with leukemia is now experiencing neutropenia.

Which of the following is a priority assessment by the nurse?
a. Blood pressure
b. Bowel sounds
c. Heart sounds
d. Breath sounds
Answer: D Pneumonia, both viral and fungal, is a common cause of death in
clients with neutropenia; so frequent assessment of respiratory rate and
breath sounds is required. Although assessing blood pressure, bowel sounds,
and is important, it won’t help detect pneumonia.
 4. A nurse is assessing a client and notes an increase in the tactile
fremitus. Which condition would the nurse suspect with this client?
a. Atelectasis
b. Emphysema
c. Pneumonia
d. Pneumothorax
Answer: C Pneumonia produces a consolidation of mucus and debris. Mucus
causes the lung field to have an increase in tactile fremitus. The other
diseases involve air, which would decrees tactile fremitus.

5. The nurse is performing percussion and postural drainage on the left

lower lobe of a client diagnosed with pneumonia. The nurse is aware
that the client should be placed in which position?
a. Supine with the foot of the bed elevated
b. On the left side with the foot of the bed elevated
c. On the left side with the head of the bed elevated
d. Prone with the head of the bed elevated

Answer: A To mobilize secretion from the left lower lobe, the client should
be positioned supine or on the right side. The foot of the bed should be
elevated so that gravity can help mobilize secretions. Placing the client on the
left side would put the left lobe in a low or dependent position. Elevating the
head of the bed wouldn’t use gravity to drain the lower lobes.

6. The nurse is teaching the parents of child with pneumonia about the
condition. Which description is correct?
a. Inflammation of the large airways
b. Severe infection of the bronchioles
c. Inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma
d. Acute viral infection with maximum effect at the bronchiolar level

Answer: C Pneumonia is an inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Bronchitis is inflammation of the large airways. Bronchiolitis is a severe
infection of the bronchioles. Bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus are
terms for an acute viral infection with maximum effect at the bronchiolar
level.

7. Which organism is the most common causative agent for bacterial

pneumonia?
a. Mycoplasma
b. Para-influenza virus
c. Streptococcus pneumonia
d. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer: C S. Pneumonia is the most common causative agent of bacterial

pneumonia in children. Mycoplasma is a causative agent for primary atypical
pneumonia. Para-influenza virus and RSV account for viral pneumonia.
 8. A client is diagnosed with pneumonia. Which nursing diagnosis would
take priority for this client?
a. Excess fluid volume
b. Ineffective airway clearance
c. Activity intolerance
d. Deficient Knowledge
Answer: B Pneumonia refers to inflammation of the lungs and can produce
copious amounts of tracheobronchial secretions. These secretions interfere
with airway patency and gas exchange. Therefore, airway clearance is a
priority. The client may experience a decrease in fluid volume, not an excess,
due to increase in fluid volume, not an excess, due to increased temperature
and respiratory rate. The client also may experience activity intolerance and
deficient knowledge, but neither is the priority diagnosis.

9. An elderly client developed pneumonia. The nurse is aware that the

initial symptom the client may manifest is:
a. Altered mental status and dehydration.
b. Fever and chills
c. Hemoptysis and dyspnea.
d. Pleuritis chest pain and cough
Answer: B Fever, chills, hemoptysis, dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest are
the common symptoms of pneumonia, but elderly clients may first appear
with only an altered clients may dehydration due to a blunted immune
response.

10. Which neonatal respiratory disorder is usually mid and runs a self-
limited course?
a. Pneumonia
b. Meconium aspiration syndrome
c. Transient tachypnea of newborn
d. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Answer: C transient tachypnea has an invariably favorable outcome after
several hours to several days. The outcome of pneumonia depends on the
causative agent involved and may have complications. Meconium aspiration,
depending on severity, may have long-term adverse effects. In persistent
pulmonary hypertension, the mortality rate is more than 50%.

Reference: Lisko, S. A. (2014) NCLEX-RN Questions and Answers made incredibly easy.
Philadelphia, USA.