Smart Blind Stick Project Using Arduino and Sensors

16/12/2018 Smart Blind Stick Project using Arduino and Sensors
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Smart Blind Stick using Arduino (/microcontroller-projects/arduino-

smart-blind-stick)
By (page_author.html)Aswinth Raj (/users/aswinth-raj)  Jan 08, 2018 58
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Smart Blind Stick Project using Arduino and Sensors
Ever heard of Hugh Herr? He is a famous American rock climber who has shattered the limitations of his disabilities; he is a strong believer that
technology could help disabled persons to live a normal life. In one of his TED talk Herr said “Humans are not disabled. A person can never be broken. Our
built environment, our technologies, is broken and disabled. We the people need not accept our limitations, but can transfer disability through
technological Innovation”. These were not just words but he lived his life to them, today he uses Prosthetic legs and claims to live to normal life. So yes,
technology can indeed neutralize human disability; with this in mind let us use the power of Arduino and simple sensors to build a Blind man’s stick that
could perform more than just a stick for visually impaired persons.
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This Smart stick will have an Ultrasonic sensor to sense distance from any obstacle, LDR to sense lighting conditions and a RF remote using which the
blind man could remotely locate his stick. All the feedbacks will be given to the blind man through a Buzzer. Of course you can use a vibrator motor in
place of Buzzer and advance a lot more using your creativity.
Materials Required:
1. Arduino Nano (Any version will work)
2. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
3. LDR
4. Buzzer and LED
5. 7805
6. 433MHz RF transmitter and receiver
7. Resistors
8. Push button
9. Perf board
10. Soldering Kit
11. 9V batteries
Circuit Diagram:
This Arduino Smart Blind Stick Project requires two separate circuits. One is the main circuit which will be mounted on the blind man’s stick. The other is
a small remote RF transmitter circuit which will be used to locate the main circuit. The main board’s circuit diagram is shown below:

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Arduino Blind Stick

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As we can see an Arduino Nano is used to control all the sensors. The complete board is powered by a 9V battery which is regulated to +5V using a 7805
Voltage regulator. The Ultrasonic sensor is powered by 5V and the trigger and Echo pin is connected to Arduino nano pin 3 and 2 as shown above. The
LDR is connected with a resistor of value 10K to form a Potential divider and the difference in voltage is read by Arduino ADC pin A1. The ADC pin A0 is
used to read the signal from RF receiver. The output of the board is given by the Buzzer which is connected to pin 12.
The RF remote circuit is shown below. Its working is also further explained.
I have used a small hack to make this RF remote control circuit to work. Normally while using this 433 MHz module requires an Encoder and Decoder or
two MCU to work. But, in our application we just need the receiver to detect if the transmitter is sending some signals. So the Data pin of the transmitter is
connected to Ground or Vcc of the supply.
The data pin of the receiver is passed through an RC lter and then given to the Arduino as shown below. Now, whenever the button is pressed the
Receiver output some constant ADC value repeatedly. This repetition cannot be observed when the button is not pressed. So we write the Arduino
program to check for repeated values to detect if the button is pressed. So that is how a Blind person can track his stick. You can check here: how RF
transmitter and receiver work (https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/rf-transmitter-and-receiver-circuit-diagram).
I have used a perf board to solder all the connections so that it gets intact with the stick. But, you can also make them on a breadboard. The boards that I
made are below.
Arduino Program for Smart Blind Stick:


Once we are ready with our hardware, we can connect the Arduino to our Computer and start programming. The complete code used for this page can be
found at the bottom of this page, you can upload it directly to your Arduino board. However, if you are curious to know how the code works read further.
Like all programs we start with void setup() to initialise Input Output pins. In our program the Buzzer and Trigger pin is an Output device and the Echo pin
is an Input device. We also initialise the serial monitor for debugging.
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(Buzz,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
}
Inside the main loop we are reading all the sensors data. We begin with reading the sensor data of Ultrasonic sensor for distance, LDR for light intensity
and RF signal to check if the button is pressed. All these data is saved in a variable as shown below for future use.
calculate_distance(trigger,echo);
Signal = analogRead(Remote);
Intens = analogRead(Light);
We start with checking for the Remote signal. We use a variable called similar_count to check how many times the same values are being repeated from
the RF receiver. This repetition will occur only when the button is pressed. So we trigger the Remote pressed alarm if the count exceeds a value of 100.
//Check if Remote is pressed

int temp = analogRead(Remote);
similar_count=0;
while (Signal==temp)
{
similar_count++;
}
//If remote pressed

if (similar_count<100)
{
Serial.print(similar_count); Serial.println("Remote Pressed");
digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(3000);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);
}
You can also check it on Serial Monitor on your computer:
Next we check for the intensity of light around the blind man. If the LDR gives a value of less than 200 it is assumed to be very dark and we give him the
warning through
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//If very dark

if (Intens<200)
{
Serial.print(Intens); Serial.println("Bright Light");
digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(200);digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);del

delay(500);
}
//If very bright

if (Intens>800)
{
Serial.print(Intens); Serial.println("Low Light");
digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(500);digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);del
}
Finally, we start measuring the distance from any obstacle. There will be no alarm if the measured distance is more than 50cm. But, if it is less than 50cm
the alarm will start by beeping the buzzer. As the object gets closer to the buzzer the beeping interval will also decrease. The closer the object is the
faster the buzzer will beep. This can be done by creating a delay that is proportional to the distance measured. Since the delay () in Arduino cannot accept
variables we have to use a for loop which loop based on the measured distance as shown below.
if (dist<50)
{
Serial.print(dist); Serial.println("Object Alert");
digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);
for (int i=dist; i>0; i--)
delay(10);
delay(10);
}
Learn more about measuring the distance using Ultrasonic sensor and Arduino (https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-ultrasonic-
sensor-based-distance-measurement).
The program can be easily adapted for your application by changing the value which we use to compare. You use the serial monitor to debug if a false
alarm is trigger. If you have any problem you can use the comment section below to post your questions
Arduino Blind Stick in Action:

Finally it’s time to test our project. Make sure the connections are done as per the circuit diagram and the program is successfully uploaded. Now, power
both the circuits using a 9V battery and you should start to see results. Move the Ultra Sonic sensor closer to object and you will notice the Buzzer beeping
and this beeping
Thisfrequency increases
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When you press the button on the remote the buzzer will give a long beep. The complete working of this Smart Blind Stick is shown in the Video given at
the end of this page. I also use a small stick to mount the complete assembly you can use a larger one or an actual blind stick and put it in action.
If your buzzer is always beeping it means the alarm is being false triggered. You can open the serial monitor to check for the parameters and check which
is falling in critical and adjust that. As always you can post your problem in the comment section to get help. Hope you understood the project and enjoyed
building something.
Code
/*
* Program for Blind Man Stick

* Code by B.Aswinth Raj
* Dated: 03-11-2017
* Website: www.circuitdigest.com (http://www.circuitdigest.com)
*/
const int trigger = 3; //Trigger pin of 1st Sesnor
const int echo = 2; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor

const int Buzz = 13; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor
const int Remote = A0; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor
const int Light = A1; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor
long time_taken;
int dist;
int Signal;
int Intens;
int similar_count;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(Buzz,OUTPUT);

pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
/*###Function to calculate distance###*/
void calculate_distance(int trigger, int echo)

{
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
time_taken = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

dist= time_taken*0.034/2;
if (dist>300)
dist=300;
void loop() { //in nite loopy
calculate_distance(trigger,echo);
Intens = analogRead(Light);
//Check if Remote is pressed
int temp = analogRead(Remote);

similar_count=0;
while (Signal==temp)
{
similar_count++;
}
//If remote pressed

if (similar_count<100)
{
Serial.print(similar_count); Serial.println("Remote Pressed");
digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(3000);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);
//If very dark

if (Intens<200)
{
Serial.print(Intens); Serial.println("Bright Light");

digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(200);digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(200);
digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(200);
delay(500);
}
//If very bright
if (Intens>800)
{
Serial.print(Intens); Serial.println("Low Light");

digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(500);digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);delay(500);
digitalWrite(Buzz,LOW);delay(500);
if (dist<50)
{
Serial.print(dist); Serial.println("Object Alert");

digitalWrite(Buzz,HIGH);

delay(10);
delay(10);

}
//Serial.print("dist=");
//Serial.println(dist);
//Serial.print("Similar_count=");
//Serial.println(similar_count);
//Serial.print("Intens=");
//Serial.println(Intens);
Video
Arduino Based Smart Blind Stick
TAGS ARDUINO (/TAGS/ARDUINO) ARDUINO NANO (/TAGS/ARDUINO-NANO) ULTRASONIC SENSORS (/TAGS/ULTRASONIC-SENSORS)
RF (/TAGS/RF) FEATURED (/TAGS/FEATURED)
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16/12/2018 Smart Blind Stick Project using Arduino and Sensors

Smart Blind Stick using Arduino (/microcontroller-projects/arduino-

Smart Blind Stick Project using Arduino and Sensors

Arduino Blind Stick

TERIMA PEMBAYARAN Daftar gratis

Arduino Program for Smart Blind Stick:

//Check if Remote is pressed

//If remote pressed

You can also check it on Serial Monitor on your computer:

//If very dark

//If very bright

Arduino Blind Stick in Action:

* Program for Blind Man Stick

const int trigger = 3; //Trigger pin of 1st Sesnor

const int echo = 2; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor

const int Light = A1; //Echo pin of 1st Sesnor

/*###Function to calculate distance###*/

void calculate_distance(int trigger, int echo)

time_taken = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

void loop() { //in nite loopy

//Check if Remote is pressed

int temp = analogRead(Remote);

//If remote pressed

//If very dark

Serial.print(Intens); Serial.println("Bright Light");

//If very bright

for (int i=dist; i>0; i--)

Arduino Based Smart Blind Stick

TAGS ARDUINO (/TAGS/ARDUINO) ARDUINO NANO (/TAGS/ARDUINO-NANO) ULTRASONIC SENSORS (/TAGS/ULTRASONIC-SENSORS)

RF (/TAGS/RF) FEATURED (/TAGS/FEATURED)

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/###Function to calculate distance###/