Electrical Installations For Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems PDF

GUIDE
Electrical Installations for

Impressed Current Cathodic
Protection Systems
December 2008
2008-1035
The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) represents 130
companies that explore for, develop and produce natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil, oil sands, and elemental sulphur throughout Canada. CAPP member
companies produce more than 95 per cent of Canada’s natural gas and crude oil.
CAPP also has 150 associate members that provide a wide range of services that
support the upstream crude oil and natural gas industry. Together, these members
and associate members are an important part of a $120-billion-a-year national
industry that affects the livelihoods of more than half a million Canadians.
Disclaimer
This publication was prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum

Producers (CAPP) by the CAPP Electrical Safety Subcommittee. While it is
believed that the information contained herein is reliable under the conditions
and subject to the limitations set out, CAPP and the CAPP Electrical Safety
Subcommittee do not guarantee its accuracy. The use of this report or any
information contained will be at the user’s sole risk, regardless of any fault or
negligence of the CAPP Electrical Safety Subcommittee, CAPP or its co-
funders.
2100, 350 – 7 Avenue S.W. 403, 235 Water Street

Calgary, Alberta St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
Canada T2P 3N9 Canada A1C 1B6
Tel (403) 267-1100 Tel (709) 724-4200
Fax (403) 261-4622 Fax (709) 724-4225
www.capp.ca Ÿ communication@capp.ca
Overview
Impressed Current Cathodic Protection systems are a technique for controlling the
corrosion of a metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an
electrochemical cell. Impressed Current Cathodic Protection systems are in
widespread use at thousands of oil and gas surface production facilities, and serve
to prevent failure of piping and other facilities which may lead to uncontrolled
release of products, resulting in safety hazards and environmental contamination.
This guide is intended to help those designing, installing, inspecting, or

maintaining impressed current cathodic protection systems meet minimum
regulatory requirements; and it also simultaneously benefits worker safety and
reliability of the system. It outlines, from an electrical perspective, design and
installation criteria related to impressed current cathodic protection systems,
including:
• codes and standards related to cathodic protection work
• worker qualification
• equipment certification
• connection and splicing methods
• installations
• warning signs
• documentation
• electrical inspections
Although mandatory language is used in this guideline, this guideline as a whole
is non-mandatory in nature and is not a regulatory document. The adoption and
enforcement of a practice or specification (or parts of it) is for the specific
company or organization to determine in light of its own particular operations.
However, the user should note that many of the elements of this guideline are also
regulatory requirements. Therefore, if a user wishes to deviate from parts of this
document, the user must be aware of the relevant minimum regulatory
requirements. In addition, use of this guide is not a substitute for knowledge of
regulatory requirements and each company and organization is responsible for its
own regulatory compliance.
The guide has been developed in cooperation with representatives of the cathodic
protection industry; corrosion specialists, and electrical technical staff from user
companies. This guide is also endorsed by the CAPP Electrical Safety Sub-
Committee of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP).
The first edition of the guide has been developed for Alberta. Consideration may
be given for other jurisdictions at a later time.
Contents
Overview .................................................................................................................................. ii
1 Purpose...................................................................................................................... 1-1
2 Scope......................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.1 Excluded from the Scope of this Guide...................................................... 2-2
2.1.1 Design of Cathodic Protection Systems......................................... 2-2
2.1.2 Work Procedures for Pipes and Vessels ........................................ 2-2
3 Codes and Standards................................................................................................ 3-3
3.1 Canadian Electrical Code........................................................................... 3-3
3.1.1 Section 80 ........................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.2 Section 10-200................................................................................. 3-3
3.2 Code for Electrical Installations at Oil and Gas Facilities...................... 3-3
3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Code....................................................... 3-3
3.4 CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems................................................... 3-4
3.5 Canadian Gas Association Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005........... 3-4
3.6 NACE RP0169 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged
Metallic Piping Systems .............................................................................. 3-4
3.7 Corporate Standards .................................................................................... 3-4
4 Worker Qualifications and Equipment Certification ............................................. 4-5
4.1 Alberta .......................................................................................................... 4-5
4.2 Other Provinces............................................................................................ 4-5
4.3 Equipment Certification .............................................................................. 4-5
5 General Technical Requirements for Connections to Structures .......................... 5-7
5.1 Cross-Sectional Area ................................................................................... 5-7
5.2 Resistivity..................................................................................................... 5-7
5.2.1 Copper.............................................................................................. 5-7
5.2.2 Carbon Steel .................................................................................... 5-7
5.2.3 Stainless Steel.................................................................................. 5-8
5.3 Contact Surfaces .......................................................................................... 5-8
5.4 Frost Heave .................................................................................................. 5-8
6 Connection Methods ................................................................................................ 6-1
6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Carbon Steel Bracket with Servit Post ....................................................... 6-1
6.2.1 Construction..................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.2 Engineering...................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.3 Applications..................................................................................... 6-1
6.3 Pipe Connections – Ground Clamp ............................................................ 6-1
6.3.1 Construction..................................................................................... 6-1
6.3.2 Engineering...................................................................................... 6-2
6.3.3 Applications..................................................................................... 6-2
6.4 Thermit Connections ................................................................................... 6-2
6.4.1 Construction..................................................................................... 6-2
6.4.2 Engineering...................................................................................... 6-2
6.4.3 Applications..................................................................................... 6-2
6.5 “LB” Fitting and Plate Connection............................................................. 6-2
6.5.1 Construction..................................................................................... 6-2
6.5.2 Engineering...................................................................................... 6-3
6.5.3 Applications..................................................................................... 6-3
6.6 Pipe Connections – U-Clamp...................................................................... 6-3
6.6.1 Construction..................................................................................... 6-3
6.6.2 Engineering...................................................................................... 6-3
6.6.3 Applications..................................................................................... 6-3
7 Splicing and Terminations....................................................................................... 7-4
7.1 Splicing......................................................................................................... 7-4
7.2 Terminations ................................................................................................ 7-4
8 Current Control Systems.......................................................................................... 8-5
8.1 Current Controllers ...................................................................................... 8-5
8.2 Electrical Insulation Devices ...................................................................... 8-5
8.2.1 Potential By-Pass............................................................................. 8-5
8.2.2 Potential Spark Source.................................................................... 8-5
9 Installation ................................................................................................................ 9-6
9.1 Installation and Wiring................................................................................ 9-6
9.2 Burial Depth................................................................................................. 9-6
9.2.1 Canadian Electrical Code Requirements...................................... 9-6
9.2.2 Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board............................ 9-6
9.2.3 Agricultural Activities .................................................................... 9-6
9.2.4 Variances ......................................................................................... 9-6
9.2.5 Warning Tape .................................................................................. 9-7
9.3 Wire Protection – Ground Emergence ....................................................... 9-7
9.3.1 Gasoline Dispenser Stations ........................................................... 9-7
9.3.2 Oil Field Installations...................................................................... 9-7
9.4 Wire Protection – Long Cable Runs........................................................... 9-7
9.5 Wire Identification....................................................................................... 9-7
10 Warning Signs ........................................................................................................ 10-8
10.1 Cathodic Protection Warning Signs ......................................................... 10-8
10.2 Electrical Insulation Device Warning Signs ............................................ 10-8
11 Documentation ....................................................................................................... 11-1
11.1 General Requirements for Drawings ........................................................ 11-1
11.2 Cathodic Protection System Layouts........................................................ 11-1
11.3 Plot Plan ..................................................................................................... 11-1
11.4 Area Classification..................................................................................... 11-1
11.5 Rectifier Schematics and Manuals............................................................ 11-1
12 Electrical Inspection............................................................................................... 12-2
12.1 General ....................................................................................................... 12-2
12.2 Accredited Corporations ........................................................................... 12-2
12.3 Non-Accredited Corporations................................................................... 12-2
13 References............................................................................................................... 13-3
Figures
Figure 1: Example of a Servit Post Connection…………………… 6-1
Figure 2: Example of a Protective Bracket with Frost Loop or
“Pigtail”………………………………………………….. 6-1
Figure 3: Example of a Certified Ground Clamp Connection……... 6-2
Figure 4: Example of a Thermit Connection………………………. 6-2
Figure 5: Example of an LB Fitting and Plate Connection………… 6-3
Figure 6: Example of a Splice Connection………………………… 7-1

1 Purpose
This guide is intended to set minimum electrical safety requirements for

impressed current cathodic protection system installations. This guide also
identifies work responsibilities and/or restrictions.
December 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page 1-1
2 Scope
The scope of this cathodic protection guide includes aspects of:

• electrical design
• installation
• maintenance
• personnel qualification – various exemptions for different worker categories
as outlined in Appendices A and B
2.1 Excluded from the Scope of this Guide
The following subjects are excluded from the scope of this guide:
2.1.1 Design of Cathodic Protection Systems
The general design of cathodic protection systems is excluded from the scope of
this guide, for example:
• any details with respect to cathodic protection current requirements
• anode location
• anode type
• impressed current control techniques
• planning which structures to protect and where electrical insulation is required
• galvanic cathodic protection systems
2.1.2 Work Procedures for Pipes and Vessels
Work procedures for working on pipes, flanges or fittings where cathodic circuits
might be connected or interrupted are excluded from the scope of this guide, for
example:
• use of bonding jumpers and mats
• use of hot work permits
3 Codes and Standards
Codes and standards related to the electrical installation aspects of cathodic

protection systems include (but are not limited to) those listed below.
3.1 Canadian Electrical Code
The objective of the Canadian Electrical Code (Part 1) [1] is to establish safety
standards for the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment.
Consideration has been given to the prevention of fire and shock hazards, as well
as proper maintenance and operation. Its requirements apply for all upstream oil
and gas facilities’ electrical installations, all non-distribution or non-transmission
electrical utility electrical installations, and all gas distribution utilities’ electrical
installations in the province.
3.1.1 Section 80
Section 80 applies to the installation of impressed current cathodic protection

systems and is supplemental to, or amendatory of other Canadian Electrical Code
sections. Installations must meet the requirements of this section. Some of the
specific requirements of this section are discussed in more detail in this document.
3.1.2 Section 10-200
Section 10-200 “Current over grounding and bonding conductors” warns of

“objectionable currents” in ground wires typically occurring in ground wires of
cables leading to instruments in metallic and internally grounded boxes mounted
on cathodically protected pipes. Non-metallic boxes, or electrical insulation from
the cathodically protected structure, shall be considered where this could be an
issue.
3.2 Code for Electrical Installations at Oil and Gas Facilities
The Code for Electrical Installations at Oil and Gas Facilities [2] recognizes the
area classification drawings of a professional engineer for a specific facility. In
the absence of engineered area classification drawings, it establishes the minimum
hazardous area classification requirements for any oil and gas facility. When
planning and installing cathodic protection systems, the installed equipment must
be either rated for the hazardous location, or installed outside of the hazardous
location. Installing outside of the hazardous location is always preferred, but
when it comes to connections to protected structures (i.e., pipes, vessels, tanks,
etc.) this may not be possible.
3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Code
The Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Code [3] addresses worker safety in
a comprehensive manner. It has content pertaining to general worksite safety and
procedures which govern all oilfield work. Some examples of where this code
applies to the installation and servicing of cathodic protection systems include:
• lockout and tag procedures
• hot work procedures and work in hazardous locations
• working alone requirements
• working in the vicinity of power lines
3.4 CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems
CSA Z662 [4] covers design, construction, operation and maintenance of oil and
gas industry pipeline systems. Section 9 covers Corrosion Control including
electrical interference.
3.5 Canadian Gas Association Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005
Canadian Gas Association Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005 “Control of

External Corrosion on Buried or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems” [5] applies
to the control of external corrosion on buried or submerged metallic piping
systems. This “Recommended Practice” is intended as a reference only. It is a
company’s own responsibility to provide procedures that will satisfy all
regulations, and their own requirements for effective, safe, and proactive
corrosion control.
3.6 NACE RP0169 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or

Submerged Metallic Piping Systems
This document contains a section on installation requirements (Section 8). Many

of those requirements are also covered in more depth in this guideline within the
context of the Canadian Electrical Code and other oil and gas industry cathodic
protection (CP) practices. The NACE RP0169 [6] document also covers design,
operations, maintenance, and documentation issues which are outside of the scope
of this guideline.
3.7 Corporate Standards
Some upstream oil and gas companies may have their own engineering standards
outlining cathodic protection installation details and maintenance procedures.
Companies (who have accreditations in the electrical discipline) may also have
specific variances permitting deviations from the Canadian Electrical Code.
4 Worker Qualifications and Equipment Certification
4.1 Alberta
In Alberta, all electrical work up to and including the direct current (DC) output
terminals of a cathodic protection rectifier falls under the Electrician Trade
Regulation. [7] This regulation is put in place under the Apprenticeship and
Industry Training Act. [8] The Electrician Trade Regulation restricts any type of
electrical work to certified electricians. The rationales for this are related to
personnel safety (shock), indirect safety issues (e.g. excessive heat, fire),
knowledge of electrical engineering principles, and good workmanship.
CAPP in conjunction with Alberta Learning, has developed various training

courses for non-electricians such as field operators, maintenance staff, and CP
technicians. Together with hands-on training (provided by an electrician on the
specific equipment), and authorization by the employer, these courses permit non-
electricians to perform limited electrical work scope activities on CP systems:
• for operators and other field maintenance personnel, these include routine
checks of impressed current levels, tap changes, and visual checks
• for CP technicians, these include basic maintenance on the DC side of the CP
rectifier
See Appendix A for a brief description of the available exemption courses, and
Appendix B for a scope definition diagram for CP technicians.
In Alberta, engineering practice is governed by the Engineering, Geological, and

Geophysical Professions Act. [9]
4.2 Other Provinces
Other provinces have similar acts in place governing “electrical work” and
“engineering”.
4.3 Equipment Certification
All equipment used in the electrical circuit(s) of cathodic protection systems must
be certified to Canadian (CSA) Standards by an accredited certification body. The
accredited certification bodies (such as the Canadian Standards Association,
Underwriter’s Laboratories, Entela, etc.) are, in turn, accredited by the Standards
Council of Canada. Equipment which is certified to Canadian standards is often
referred to as “CSA Approved” or “CSA Certified”, but it can also be certified by
one of these other accredited certification bodies and is equally acceptable.
Information on approved certification organizations, and the recognized markings
on equipment, is available from Alberta Municipal Affairs. For the purposes of
this document, the terms “certified” or “approved” are used, and refer to
equipment that is certified by an accredited certification body to Canadian
standards.
Exceptions to the certification requirements are possible for equipment types for
which Canadian certification test standards are not available. Examples in the
cathodic protection trade where these exceptions are needed include standalone
variable and fixed resistors (which may only have a “component” certification);
or engineered connections to structures. This document identifies when
engineering involvement for the design of a piece of equipment is required.
5 General Technical Requirements for Connections to Structures
5.1 Cross-Sectional Area
Rated rectifier current capacity and mechanical strength requirements will govern
the minimum required wire cross-section. The ampacity of the selected copper
wire cross- section will determine the minimum current rating of all components
used in the current path.
Canadian Electrical Code Table D5 “Strandings for Building Wires and Cables”
may be used for cross-sectional area conversions from AWG to mm2.
5.2 Resistivity
Resistivity is a property related to the electrical resistance of a material and is

independent of the geometry of the specimen. It is, however, sensitive to the
temperature and composition of the material. Using resistivity, the resistance for a
wire of given material, length, cross-sectional area, and at a given temperature,
can be computed using the formula [10]:
R=ρ l/A
where
R = resistance in ohms
ρ = resistivity in ohm-metres
l = length in metres, and
A = cross-sectional area in square-metres
5.2.1 Copper
The resistivity of pure copper is 1.678 x 10-8 •*m at 20οC [10].
5.2.2 Carbon Steel
Some carbon steels have approximately 10 times the resistivity of copper,

depending upon the alloy and temperature. Therefore, for the same length of steel
or copper conductor, the cross-section of any carbon steel component or structure
in the current path has to be at least 10 times the cross-section of the copper
conductor to have similar resistance, and thus produce comparable I2R (heating)
losses, and comparable operating temperatures. This guide uses this “ten-times
rule-of-thumb” for sizing carbon steel connections to structures.
If smaller carbon steel cross-sections are to be used, then further engineering

analysis will be required. This is outside of the scope of this guide.
5.2.3 Stainless Steel
Stainless steel has approximately 44 times the resistivity of copper. Therefore, the
cross-section of any stainless steel construction piece in the current path has to be
at least 44 times that of the copper wire used in the installation.
If smaller stainless steel cross-sections are to be used, then further engineering

analysis will be required. This is outside of the scope of this guide.
5.3 Contact Surfaces
All electrical connections require good metal-to-metal contact (i.e. paint-, rust-,
and grease-free; with buff surfaces). For atmospheric connections, consideration
shall be given to protecting the metallic connection in corrosive environments
(e.g.: salt, H2S, condensation, etc.) through the use of anti-corrosion paint.
5.4 Frost Heave
Frost heave may cause the cathodic protection wiring and the protected structure
to move relative to one another. Sufficient slack may prevent separation of the
wire from the structure. For example, the wire can be coiled in a flexible loop in
the air (this is also known as a “pigtail”).
6 Connection Methods
6.1 General
Visible open wire connections are preferred over “hidden” connections. Visible
connections allow visual inspections for solid contact, corrosion, or frost heave
damage.
All cathodic protection wires above grade have to be mechanically protected

and/or protected by location.
6.2 Carbon Steel Bracket with Servit Post
6.2.1 Construction
Various constructions may be used, but some of the main features

include:
• Servit post (certified); see Figure 1
• Pigtail wire in air to allow frost heave movement; see Figure 2
• Bracket to protect wire; see Figure 2 Figure 1: Example of a
Servit Post Connection
• Anti-corrosion paint application to prevent atmospheric
corrosion
6.2.2 Engineering
Engineering is not required if the carbon steel bracket’s cross-section is at least 10

times that of the copper wire.
6.2.3 Applications
Cathodic protection wire shall be protected from mechanical damage by location

(see Figure 2). They may be used in the following locations:
• wellheads and flow lines, with a hole for the flange bolt
• tanks (welded or bolted)
• vessels (at the shoe)
• pipes
• buildings and structures
6.3 Pipe Connections – Ground Clamp
6.3.1 Construction
Off-the-shelf certified ground clamps, for example a Burndy Figure 2: Example of a

GAR clamp. See Figure 3. Protective Bracket with
Frost Loop or “Pigtail”
6.3.2 Engineering
Engineering is not required when used within the

approved current rating of the wire and clamp.
6.3.3 Applications
Certified ground clamp connections are suitable for:

• connection directly to uncoated, cleaned pipe
• underground installations with reapplied coating
equivalent to the pipeline coating
6.4 Thermit Connections Figure 3: Example of a
Certified Ground Clamp
Connection
6.4.1 Construction
Thermal bonding process kit. See Figure 4.
6.4.2 Engineering
No electrical engineering is required, but there are

potential metallurgical concerns, e.g. hardness in sour
service. Charge sizes and wire sizes shall follow
industry and operating company recommended
practices or standards. Also, safe work procedures must
Figure 4: Example of a Thermit
be applied when making the connection. Connection
In all cases, the ampacity of the connection must be

adequate.
6.4.3 Applications
Thermit connections are only suitable for:

• connection directly to uncoated, cleaned, ferrous pipe with adequate wall
thickness (wall thickness must be confirmed at the thermit location)
• underground installations with reapplied coating equivalent to the pipeline
coating
6.5 “LB” Fitting and Plate Connection
6.5.1 Construction
The flat plate bracket is not a “certified” component, so the design shall be
engineered. The “LB” fitting is only for external mechanical protection of the
wire. See Figure 5. A disadvantage of this design is that the wire connection is not
readily visible.
Note: the use of the “LB” fitting does not make this device “certified” for the
hazardous area it is used in. In any event, certification is not available for this type
of connection.
6.5.2 Engineering
Engineering is required, including a check for I2R losses and

adequate ampacity.
6.5.3 Applications
“LB” fitting and plate connections are suitable for

connection to: Figure 5: Example of an LB
Fitting and Plate Connection
• well heads
• flanges
6.6 Pipe Connections – U-Clamp
6.6.1 Construction
There are other cost effective, but non-certified mechanical connection devices
available, such as U-clamps and U-bolt clamps.
6.6.2 Engineering
Engineering is required, including a check for I2R losses and adequate ampacity:
• since the clamps are built as mechanical fastening devices, their contact
surface and current carrying capabilities are not tested or approved
• the engineering review has to ensure adequate contact surface and ampacity
6.6.3 Applications
U-clamps are suitable for:

• connection directly to uncoated, cleaned pipe
• underground installations with reapplied coating equivalent to the pipeline
coating
7 Splicing and Terminations
7.1 Splicing
See Figure 6. Examples include split bolt or high

pressure compression fittings. Splices shall:
• be suitable for direct burial for underground
installations
• be waterproof
• have equivalent, or superior, integrity compared
to the original conductor Figure 6: Example of a Splice Connection
7.2 Terminations
Terminations (other than underground connections to structures) shall be:

• above grade or accessible
• suitable for the location they are installed in
• mechanically reliable and secure
Note: There are no additional requirements beyond these for terminations in Class
I Zone 2 or Division 2 locations.
8 Current Control Systems
8.1 Current Controllers
Since current controllers create heat, they shall be mounted outside of hazardous
locations.
8.2 Electrical Insulation Devices
Electrical insulation devices are intended to prevent current from passing between
specific structures (electrical insulation kits, dielectric unions).
8.2.1 Potential By-Pass
Accidental or unintended bypasses can defeat or degrade cathodic protection, or

create arcing or sparking hazards in unexpected locations.
• Do not inadvertently bypass electrical insulation devices.
• Be aware of forgotten tools, jumpers, damaged or removed electrical
insulation devices, thermal insulation cladding, glycol or electric heat tracing,
electrical grounding systems, instrumentation lines, and any other potential
parallel path.
8.2.2 Potential Spark Source
Many connections are in hazardous locations, so accidental shorting of flanges

may lead to sparks, and a fire or explosion hazard.
• Warning signs shall be used at the locations of electrical insulation devices
(see section 10.2).
• Flange shielding, for example taping or other external shielding, is
recommended.
9 Installation
9.1 Installation and Wiring
Electrical installation and wiring shall comply with the Canadian Electrical Code
Part 1 C22.1 [1].
9.2 Burial Depth
Codes, standards, and factors to be considered:
9.2.1 Canadian Electrical Code Requirements
The Canadian Electrical Code has burial depth requirements in two sections:
Section 12-012 (Table 53)

• 900 mm burial below vehicular traffic
• 600 mm burial below non-vehicular traffic
• this rule is intended mainly for power cables where a significant shock, spark,
or arc flash hazard can exist
Section 80-002
• burial not less than 450 mm (if unprotected)
• burial not less than 200 mm in raceway or protected
Follow Section 80-002, when no variance for burial depth is in place (see Section
9.2.4)
9.2.2 Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board
The Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board administers the Alberta

Pipeline Act [11] and regulations which has requirements governing ground
disturbance activities:
• procedures are required at depths of more than 300 mm
• companies may have more stringent rules
9.2.3 Agricultural Activities
Local plowing activities may require deeper burial depth than required in the
Canadian Electrical Code.
9.2.4 Variances
Corporations accredited under the Alberta Safety Codes Act [12] may opt for a
Canadian Electrical Code variance allowing burial depth of less than Canadian
Electrical Code requirements. Some variances currently allow for a ground-grid
wire depth of typically 300 mm. This may be extended to include cathodic
protection wiring as well.
9.2.5 Warning Tape
Warning tape, buried 150 mm above the cathodic protection cable, shall be used.
9.3 Wire Protection – Ground Emergence
9.3.1 Gasoline Dispenser Stations
The requirements mentioned in the Canadian Electrical Code sections

• CEC 80-002(3)(a) “conduit”, and
• CEC 80-002(3)(b) “seals”
apply only to conduit installations where hazardous vapours can migrate from a
hazardous location (gasoline dispensing equipment) to another location (non-
hazardous). It is assumed that conduit is run all the way between the hazardous
and non-hazardous locations. When only a conduit sleeve riser is used, a seal is
not required since migration to a general purpose location is not possible, as the
conduit does not run all the way back to the non-hazardous location. The conduit
sleeve riser is only intended to protect the vertical section of conductor, and
extends into the ground only far enough to ensure conductor protection and
adequate support.
9.3.2 Oil Field Installations
Accepted wire protection methods for directly buried wires include:

• conduit sleeve (metal or PVC) for risers,
• planking or concrete
• protection by location
9.4 Wire Protection – Long Cable Runs
As a good practice, underground cable warning signs may be placed every 300 m,
or as appropriate, depending upon site requirements.
9.5 Wire Identification
The following techniques are used to ensure proper identification of wires:

• anode wires shall be black
• wires for protected structures shall be any colour except black; they are often
white
• markers shall be permanent and legible
• wire tags (optional) should be referenced in drawings so that
circuits/conductors can be identified
• colour coding and/or markers can be used where needed
10 Warning Signs
10.1 Cathodic Protection Warning Signs
Refer to Canadian Electrical Code Section 80-012 for further details about
warning sign requirements, for example, warning signs are required:
• for cathodically protected structures
• on disconnect means
• at entrances to tanks or vessels with impressed cathodically protected
immersed internal surfaces (Section 80-012(5))
10.2 Electrical Insulation Device Warning Signs
Warning signs shall be installed near the locations of electrical insulation devices.
11 Documentation
11.1 General Requirements for Drawings
All drawings typical for an electrical installation, as listed below, shall be supplied.
The cathodic protection service provider and owner’s electrical representative need
to communicate in order to make provision for the CP installation design in the site
electrical drawings.
A management of change process should be in place to update drawings and related

documentation over the life of the facility.
11.2 Cathodic Protection System Layouts
Cathodic protection system layouts shall show:

• power source – load centre and circuit assignment
• external disconnect location
• cathodic protection panel location
• installation details
• other typical data
11.3 Plot Plan
The plot plan shall identify:

• routing from power source
• location of cathodic protection panels
• anode bed and anode panel locations
• underground and above ground cable routing
• location of connections to structures
• electrical insulation kit locations
• other equipment such as current control stations
11.4 Area Classification
Unless certified for the location, cathodic protection equipment shall be installed
outside of hazardous areas. Therefore the site hazardous area classification drawing
shall be referenced when planning the location of cathodic protection equipment and
the layout of cathodic protection installations.
11.5 Rectifier Schematics and Manuals

Rectifier schematics and manuals shall be:
• accurate
• in good condition
• suitably stored
12 Electrical Inspection
12.1 General
In principle, all cathodic protection installations are governed by Canadian

Electrical Code requirements and are subject to government regulated code
compliance inspections.
12.2 Accredited Corporations
Accredited corporations have their own electrical Safety Codes Officers inspecting
the electrical aspects of cathodic protection installations for Canadian Electrical
Code compliance.
12.3 Non-Accredited Corporations
Non-accredited corporations shall ensure that permits are taken out with the
authority having jurisdiction for all cathodic protection installations.
13 References
[1] C22.1-06, Canadian Electrical Code, Part I; Canadian Standards Association,

Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; www.shopcsa.ca
[2] Code for Electrical Installations at Oil and Gas Facilities; Safety Codes Council
of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.safetycodes.ab.ca
[3] Occupational Health and Safety Code; Government of Alberta - Human

Resources and Employment; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
[4] CSA Standard CAN/CSA-662, Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems; Canadian Standards
Association, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; www.shopcsa.ca
[5] Corrosion Control Subcommittee; 2005; Canadian Gas Association

Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005 Control of External Corrosion on
Buried or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems; Canadian Gas Association;
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; info@cga.ca
[6] NACE Standard RP0169: Control of External Corrosion on Underground or

Submerged Metallic Pipeline Systems; National Association of Corrosion
Engineers (NACE International); Houston, Texas, USA; www.nace.org
[7] Consolidated November 3, 2006; Alberta Regulation 274/2000: Electrician

Trade Regulation; Government of Alberta - Advanced Education and
Technology; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
[8] Consolidated January 17, 2006; Alberta Regulation 274/2000: Apprenticeship

and Industry Training Act; Government of Alberta - Advanced Education
and Technology; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
[9] Chapter E-11.1, Revised Statutes of Alberta, 2000; The Engineering, Geological,
and Geophysical Professions Act; Government of Alberta; Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
[10] Dorf, Richard C.; 1993; The Electrical Engineering Handbook; CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Florida, USA; pp. 5-6, 2527.
[11] Chapter P-15, Revised Statutes of Alberta, 2000; Pipeline Act; Government of
Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
[12] Chapter S-1, Revised Statutes of Alberta, 2000; Safety Codes Act; Government
of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; www.qp.gov.ab.ca
Appendix A Electrical Qualifications Training for Work on Cathodic
Protection Equipment
A.1 Safe Electrical Work with Cathodic Protection Equipment

After an incident in 2004 the cathodic protection service industry, in cooperation with the CAPP
Electrical Safety Subcommittee, started a process to improve the Cathodic Protection industry’s
safe work practices. To assist the cathodic protection industry and operating companies there are
various courses available, to meet their electrical safety needs.
A.2 “Electrical Maintenance for Non-Electricians” Course
• This course was developed in the late 1990’s to allow operators (non-electricians) employed
by small oil companies to safely perform several very limited scope electrical work tasks.
This course is offered by an oil and gas industry training organization called Enform.
• The scope of cathodic protection work allowed (after passing the course exam, equipment
specific training by an electrician, and employer authorization) includes:
• taking current readings
• visual checks
• fuse changes
• tap adjustments
A.3 “Reading and Adjusting Rectifiers for Facility Operations Personnel”
Course (“One-Day Field Operator Basic Readings Course”)
• A CP service provider, has developed a one-day course for their customers’ field operations
personnel. This course allows field operations personnel to be able to take basic current
readings and make minor adjustments to ensure that their rectifiers are working properly in
between scheduled CP technician visits. This course has been developed under the
supervision of the CAPP Electrical Safety Subcommittee.
• The scope of cathodic protection work allowed after passing this course, being trained on the
specific equipment by an electrician, and being authorized by their employer is:
• Isolation, lockout/tag, and de-energization verification
• current readings
• fuse changes
• tap changer adjustments
• visual checks
A.4 “Electrical Cathodic Protection Work Course for Non-Electricians” Course
(“CP Technician Course”)
• A detailed course was developed by a CP service provider for the cathodic protection
industry and approved by Apprenticeship and Industry Training and the Alberta Provincial
Apprenticeship Committee (PAC). This course is currently offered in compliance with an
Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training authorization.
• Scope of Work includes:
• Isolation and lockout/tagout
• Routine servicing and maintenance on the DC side of the system
July 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page A- i
• Like-for-like component replacement on the DC side of the system
• Installation and maintenance of DC conductors connecting to protected structures
• As with an apprenticeship, there are a minimum number of hours of directly supervised
hands on work required before the CP Technician can work independently.
• CP Technicians with this exemption are required to carry a certification card.
July 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page B- ii
Appendix B Work Responsibilities or Restrictions for Cathodic
Protection Systems from a Trade Perspective
July 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page B- i
B.1 Trades Scope Diagram
The following diagram delineates the boundaries between electrician and cathodic
protection technician work scopes.
Note: Per the Electrician Trade Regulation, an electrician can legally work on the
DC side of the rectifier system and beyond the DC terminals on the output of the
rectifier, but it is recommended that electricians only do this with CP industry
cathodic protection equipment and trades practices training.
December 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page B-ii
Work Responsibilities or Restrictions from a Trade Perspective
Breaker Panel Installation and

(remote) Maintenance by
Certified Electrician
Local Disconnect
Switch
Internal Breaker
Transformer Maintenance by
Tap Changer AIT Certified
CP Technician
Rectifier
DC Output
Installation and
Maintenance by
Current
Controller CP Service Provider
Anode Structure Wellhead Pipeline
December 2008 Electrical Installations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems Page B-iii

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GUIDE

Electrical Installations for

This publication was prepared for the Canadian Association of Petroleum

2100, 350 – 7 Avenue S.W. 403, 235 Water Street

This guide is intended to help those designing, installing, inspecting, or

Figure 1: Example of a Servit Post Connection…………………… 6-1

Figure 2: Example of a Protective Bracket with Frost Loop or

Figure 3: Example of a Certified Ground Clamp Connection……... 6-2

Figure 4: Example of a Thermit Connection………………………. 6-2

Figure 5: Example of an LB Fitting and Plate Connection………… 6-3

Figure 6: Example of a Splice Connection………………………… 7-1

This guide is intended to set minimum electrical safety requirements for

The scope of this cathodic protection guide includes aspects of:

2.1.1 Design of Cathodic Protection Systems

2.1.2 Work Procedures for Pipes and Vessels

Codes and standards related to the electrical installation aspects of cathodic

3.1 Canadian Electrical Code

Section 80 applies to the installation of impressed current cathodic protection

3.1.2 Section 10-200

Section 10-200 “Current over grounding and bonding conductors” warns of

3.2 Code for Electrical Installations at Oil and Gas Facilities

3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Code

3.5 Canadian Gas Association Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005

Canadian Gas Association Recommended Practice OCC-1-2005 “Control of

3.6 NACE RP0169 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or

This document contains a section on installation requirements (Section 8). Many

3.7 Corporate Standards

CAPP in conjunction with Alberta Learning, has developed various training

In Alberta, engineering practice is governed by the Engineering, Geological, and

4.2 Other Provinces

4.3 Equipment Certification

5.1 Cross-Sectional Area

Resistivity is a property related to the electrical resistance of a material and is

l = length in metres, and

A = cross-sectional area in square-metres

The resistivity of pure copper is 1.678 x 10-8 •*m at 20οC [10].

5.2.2 Carbon Steel

Some carbon steels have approximately 10 times the resistivity of copper,

If smaller carbon steel cross-sections are to be used, then further engineering

If smaller stainless steel cross-sections are to be used, then further engineering

5.3 Contact Surfaces

5.4 Frost Heave

All cathodic protection wires above grade have to be mechanically protected

6.2 Carbon Steel Bracket with Servit Post

Various constructions may be used, but some of the main features

Engineering is not required if the carbon steel bracket’s cross-section is at least 10

Cathodic protection wire shall be protected from mechanical damage by location

Off-the-shelf certified ground clamps, for example a Burndy Figure 2: Example of a

Engineering is not required when used within the

Certified ground clamp connections are suitable for:

Thermal bonding process kit. See Figure 4.

No electrical engineering is required, but there are

In all cases, the ampacity of the connection must be

Thermit connections are only suitable for:

Engineering is required, including a check for I2R losses and

“LB” fitting and plate connections are suitable for

U-clamps are suitable for:

See Figure 6. Examples include split bolt or high

Terminations (other than underground connections to structures) shall be:

8.1 Current Controllers

8.2 Electrical Insulation Devices

8.2.1 Potential By-Pass

Accidental or unintended bypasses can defeat or degrade cathodic protection, or