1. TRIAL KELANTAN 2009: QUESTION NO.

2
a) A temporary magnet when there is a flow of electric current through the 1
conductor
b) i) 1

ii) South / S 1
iii) Attracted to iron nail (electromagnet) 1
c) Magnetic lifting machine / circuit breaker / electric bell / electric 1
relay / ticker timer / magnetic levitated train / electronic card
/parking machine /tape recorder.

2. TRIAL MARA 2016 : QUESTION NO. 7

(a) (i) A : South 1
B: North
(ii) Fleming’s left hand rule 1
(b) Change / reversed terminal of battery 1
Change/ reversed the polarity of the magnet 1
(c ) (i) Increases / high number of magnet 1
- Stronger magnetic field/flux 1

(ii) High/ big/large 1

-reduce resistance // greater current flow 1
 (d)

1: correct direction of permanent magnet and conductor 1

2: correct shape of catapult field 1

3. TRIAL MARA 2013 : QUESTION NO. 3

(a) (i) Induced current 1
(ii) There is a change of magnetic field 1
(b) Electromagnetic induction 1
( c) (i) Pointer deflects to the left / opposite direction 1
(ii) Fleming’s right hand rule 1
(d) Increase the speed of the movement of rod / increase the strength of 1
magnet / increase the diameter of copper rod

4. TRIAL JOHOR 2018 : QUESTION NO. 6

a) Electromagnetic induction 1
b) i) Diagram 6.1 – anticlockwise and Diagram 6.2 - Clockwise 1
ii) Same 1
iii) Diagram 6.1 – North 1
Diagram 6.2 - South
iv) Magnet moving towards solenoid, P becomes the same pole as magnet. // 1
Magnet moving away from solenoid, P becomes opposite pole as magnet.
c) Lenz’s law 1
d) Increase height of magnet dropped / 1
Increase number of turns / 1
Increase strength of magnet
Increase number bar magnet dropped
 * any 2

5. TRIAL PERLIS 2018 : QUESTION NO. 3

a) i) Step up transformer 1
ii) Soft iron core is easy to magnetized and demagnetized 1
b)

1
Np =

= 50 1

c) No changing of magnetic flux / no induced current produce 1

6. TRIAL NEGERI SEMBILAN 2017 : QUESTION NO. 4

a) National Grid Network

b) i) Step –up Transformer
ii) To allow small current flow through cable
So reduce energy loss ( heat loss ) in cable
c) Pinput = Poutput
P = IV
Iinput (240V) = 3.6 W
Iinput = 0.015 A
Transformer is ideal transformer / no energy loss due transmission of electricity
 CONCEPTUAL ( 4 MARKS )

1. TRIAL SBP 2009 : QUESTION NO. 9( b)

 When too high current flow, magnetic field strength become very strong /
wire expand.
 electromagnet pull the soft iron armature / pulled to the right by spring P.
 release the catch, contact separate and current does not flow
 When reset button is pressed, spring Q pulls the soft iron armature back to
its original position

2. TRIAL SBP 2009 : QUESTION NO. 9 ( c)

 When the coil rotates the coil cut across the magnetic field lines
 Induced current flow in the coil.
 The current maximum when the coil cut the magnetic field at right angle //
current decreased (become zero) when the coil move in parallel with
magnetic field lines
 The direction of current flow determine by using Fleming’s right hand rule
 After 90o the direction of current in the external circuit reversed/ diagram

3. SPM 2006 : QUESTION NO. 10 (d)

 When a current flows, a magnetic field is formed and a force is exerted as
shown.

 The flow of current in the copper strips is in the opposite direction.

 The direction of the magnetic field between the two thin strips of copper are
in the same direction.
 This will produce a stronger magnetic field in the region between the strips.
The two thin strips of copper repel each other.

4. TRIAL SBP 2012 : QUESTION NO. 10( c)

 The two aluminium rod attract.
 Current flowing through the aluminium rod are in same direction / diagram
shows in the same direction.
 The magnetic fields produced by the current in them will combine to form a
resultant / catapult field // show diagram of magnetic field in opposite
direction between the current.
 A weak magnetic field is produced in a region between the aluminium rod
because the magnetic field lines are in opposite direction //diagram shows
forces are inwards.
5. TRIAL TERENGGANU 2017
Alternate current can step-up ( is voltage ) by using a transformer.
The voltage for long distance transmission should starts with higher value, in order
to reduce the current in power line.
Low current when high voltage.
The power loss due to the resistance in power line can be reduce.

6. SPM
 The cost of generation of electricity is reduced because high voltage
transmission of energy greatly reduces energy loss in the cables.
 Repair work and maintenance can be carried out at any power station at any
Time
 To ensure the supply of the power is continuous
 The generation of electricity by each station can be controlled and regulated
according to the demand pattern

7. TRIAL PAHANG 2009 : QUESTION NO. 10 ( b)

Nonrenewable resources :
 natural gas, petroleum
 will be depleted
 pollute the environment
Renewable resources :
 hydro, solar & wind
 Will not be depleted
 does not pollute environment
 ESSAY SECTION B

1. TRIAL SBP 2009 : QUESTION NO. 10

a) Temporary magnet when current flow through the conductor. 1
b)  Current flow in diagram 10.2 is more than 10.1 // vice versa. 1
 The amount of iron filing attracted by iron core in Diagram 10.2 is 1
more than 10.1 // vice versa.
 The magnetic strength in diagram 10.2 is more than 10.1 // vice 1
versa.
 Amount of iron filing attracted increase when current increase 1
 The magnetic field strength increase when current increase 1

c) Working principle electric bell

 When the switch is pressed, the circuit is closed. 1

 Current flow through solenoid, the iron core is magnetized. 1
 Soft iron core is attracted to the electromagnet. 1
 Strike the gong. 1

d) i)  When the current flow into the coil, magnetic field is produced and 1
forces are produced
 Catapult field is produced
1
 The forces are in the opposite direction 1
 These pair of forces produce the turning effect on the coil. 1

ii) M1 Increase the strength of magnet / add more magnet

M2 increase the strength of magnetic field 2

M3 Increase the number of turns in the coils

M4 to increase the magnitude of force 2

M5 Increase the magnitude of current

M6 to increase the magnitude of force / increase the strength magnetic field 2
10

2. TRIAL PAHANG 2016: QUESTION NO.10

a) i) Increase or decrease alternating voltage 1
ii)  The number of turns of primary coil in Diagram 2.2 is greater than 1
Diagram 2.1
 The number of turns of secondary coil in Diagram 2.1 is greater than 1
Diagram 2.2
  The brightness of the bulb in Diagram 2.1 is brighter than Diagram 2.2. 1
 When the number of secondary coil increase, the brightness of the bulb 1
increase.
 When the number of secondary coil increase, the step up transformer 1
produced.
b)
 When the wheel turn, the rotor shaft that contact the wheel also turn. 1
 This contact occur the magnet in the dynamo remain rotate. 1
 The cutting of flux magnet occur. 1
 The induced current produced 1

c)
MODIFICATION EXPLANATION
Design of the pylons :
A shape Reduce mass of pylons 2
Wider based area More stable
Diameter of the transmission cable : Reduce resistance
thick 2
Material of the cable : copper Resistance small 2
Material of the pylons: Steel Strong 2
Melting point: high Not easy to melt 2

ESSAY SECTION C

1. TRIAL PAHANG 2018 : QUESTION NO 12

a) Temporary magnet when current flow through the conductor 1

b)

c) i) Easy magnetized and demagnetized 1

 ii)
1.When the switch is on, current flows through the coil 1
2. Producing electromagnet / coil is magnetised 1
1
3. Attract the armature 1
4. Contact is closed to switch on the secondary circuit
d) TRIAL SARAWAK 2017
The most suitable relay which can function efficiently to switch on an electric
motor.
Characteristics Reason
Many/more number of turns Increase strength of electromagnet // can pull the
armature more
Soft iron core Easy to magnetised and easy to be demagnetized
Thicker wire More current flows // Increase strength of
electromagnet // can pull the armature more
Alternating current source make the motor to function
Relay Q is chosen State ALL aspects

2. TRIAL SBP 2011: QUESTION NO 12.

a) Electromagnetic Induction 1
b)  AC flows in the primary coil
 Soft iron core is magnetized with changing magnetic flux.
 Soft iron core links the changing of magnetic flux from primary coil to
secondary coil
 There is cutting of magnetic flux / changing of flux occurs thus
producing emf
 Induced e.m.f. / induced current is produced in the secondary coil.

c) TRIAL TERENGGANU 2017: QUESTION NO 12.

CHARACTERISTICS REASON
The ratio of Np: Ns To step up voltage /output voltage
= big ( 200 : 20 000 ) increases
Type of iron core Easily magnetized and demagnetized
= Soft iron core
Thickness laminated iron core To reduce the magnitude of eddy
= Thin current
Shape = ‘O’ shape To reduce the leakage of
electromagnetic flux
I choose Because ratio = big,
= Transformet T soft iron core, thinner laminated and
‘O’ shape