SULIT

4541/2
Chemistry
Paper 2
MEI 2013
2 ½ hours
SMK METHODIST ( ACS )
34200 PARIT BUNTAR
PERAK

PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN TINGKATAN 5

CHEMISTRY

Paper 2
Two hours thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL INFORMED

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES:

1. This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces provided in
this question paper.
3. Answer one question from Section B and one question from Section C. You may use
equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answers.
4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn in scale unless stated.
5. Show your working. It may help you to get marks.
6. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
7. You are advised to spend 90 minutes to answer questions in Section A, 30 minutes for Section B
and 30 minutes for Section C.

SECTION NO. OF QUESTION MARK

1 /9
2 / 10
3 / 10
4 / 10
A 5 / 10
6 / 10
B 7 or 8 / 20
C 9 or 10 / 20
TOTAL / 100
___________________________________________________________
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 23 PRINTED PAGES
Section A

[60 marks]
[60 markah]

4541/2 © akhmalazmi [Lihat halaman sebelah SULIT]

 Answer all questions
Jawab semua soalan

1 (a) Table 1 shows the information of atoms P, Q and R.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R

Number of
Number of protons Nucleon Number
Atom neutrons
Bilangan proton Nombor Nukleon
Bilangan neutron
P 12 12 24
Q 17 35
R 20 20 40
Table 1
Jadual 1

(i) What is meant by nucleon number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon?

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]

(ii) State the number of neutrons for element Q .

Nyatakan bilangan neutron bagi unsur Q.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]
(iii) Draw and label the atomic structure of atom P.
Lukis dan labelkan struktur atom bagi atom P.

[ 2 marks]

(iv) State the number of electrons for element R.

Nyatakan bilangan elektron bagi unsur R.

2
 …………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]

(b) Table 2 shows the temperature

Graphfrom an experiment
for Question 1 to determine the freezing point of
naphthalene.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan suhu daripada satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat beku
naftalena.

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Temperature
95 85 82 80 80 80 80 70
(oC)
Table 2
Jadual 2
(i) On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of temperature against time for the
cooling of naphthalene.
Pada kertas graf yang disediakan, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi
penyejukan naftalena.
[ 3 marks]
(ii) Using the graph in (b), determine the freezing point of naphthalene. Show on the
graph how you determine this freezing point.
Menggunakan graf di (b), tentukan takat beku naftalena. Tunjukkan pada graf
bagaimana anda menentukan takat beku ini.
[ 1 mark]

3
2 (a) In a close container, contains 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas at room temperature.
Di dalam suatu bekas tertutup, terdapat 6.0 dm3 gas karbon dioksida, pada suhu bilik.

4
 (i) How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 ?
Berapakah bilangan molekul yang terdapat dalam 6.0 dm3 gas karbon dioksida ?
[Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature]
Use: No of mole=Number of particles
6.02 x 1023 mol-1]

[2marks]

(ii) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the container

[Relative molecular mass for CO2 = 44]
Use: No of mole = mass
molar mass

[1mark]

(b) Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu experiment untuk menentukan formula
empirik magnesium oksida.

Magnesium ribbon
Pita magnesium

Heat
Panaskan

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Table 2 shows the results of this experiment
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini

Description Mass (g)

5
 Penerangan Jisim (g)
Mass of crucible + lid 34.0
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon 36.4
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide 38.0
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida

(b) (i) What is the meaning of emperical formula

Apakah maksud formula empirik

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[1mark]
(ii) Base on table 2, calculate the mass of:
Berdasarkan jadual 2, hitungkan jisim bagi

Magnesium :

Oxygen :

[2marks]

(iii) Calculate the ratio of mole of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms.

Hitung nisbah mol bagi atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen
[Relative atomic mass: O=16, Mg =24]

[1 mark]
(iv) Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

6
 Hitungkan formula empirik magnesium oxida

…………..………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(v) Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?
Mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar semasa experiment di jalanakan?

…………..………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(v) State why the empirical formula of copper oxide cannot be determine by using
the same technique.
Nyatakan mengapa formula empirik bagi kuprum oksida tidak dapat di tentukan
dengan menggunakan teknik yang sama.

…………..………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

3 Diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus with the combination of electrolytic cell and
chemical cell.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas gabungan sel elektrolisis dan sel kimia..

Copper
Zinc electrode
Copper electrode electrode
Elektrod zink
Elektrod kuprum Elektrod
kuprum
Electrolytic Cell Chemical Cell
Sel Elektrolisis Sel Kimia

Copper(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

(a) Which cell will produce electrical energy?

7
 Sel yang manakah akan menghasilkan tenaga elektrik?

…………………………………………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Write the formulae of all ions that are present in copper(II) sulphate solution.
Tuliskan formula semua ion yang hadir di dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

…… ……………………………………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Based on the chemical cell
Berdasarkan kepada sel kimia

(i) Label the negatif terminal of the cell.

Labelkan terminal negatif sel itu.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the flow of electron.
Nyatakan arah pengaliran elektron.
…………………………………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) State the observation at copper electrode.
Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod kuprum.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(iv) Write half equation for the reaction at cooper.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di kuprum.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) Based on the reaction in electrolytic cell
Berdasarkan tindakbalas pada sel elektrolisis
(i) What is the observation at anode
Apakah pemerhatian di anod

…………………………………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain the observation in (d)(i)
Terangkan pemerhatian di (d)(i)

. ……………………………………………………………………………………

. ……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(iii) Name the product formed at cathode.

8
 Namakan hasil yang terbentuk pada katod.

……………………………………………………………………….…………..
[1 mark]

4 Diagram 4 shows the flow chart of a series of reactions undergone by propene.

. Rajah 4 menunjukkan carta alir siri tindakbalas yang dialami oleh propena.
KMnO4 + H2SO4
Propene, C3H6 Hydration Substance P Process I Substance Q
Propena Penghidratan Bahan P Process I Bahan Q

Combustion
Pembakaran Process II
Process II

Substance S and gas T Substance R

Bahan S dan gas T Bahan R

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a) Name the homologous series of propene.

Namakan siri homolog untuk propena

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Draw the structural formula of substance P.
Lukiskan formula struktur bahan P.

[1 mark]
(c) Propene is burnt completely in air to produce substance S and gas T.
Propena dibakar lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan bahan S dan gas T .

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindakbalas.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) State a chemical test to identify the gas T.

9
 Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas T.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) Draw the set up of apparatus used in Process I.

Lukiskan susunan alat radas yang digunakan dalam proses I .

[2 marks]

(e) Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium manganate(VII)
solution in Process I .
Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium
mangganat (VII) berasid dalam proses I .

.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(f) Based on Process II,
Berdasarkan Proses II,
(i) write the chemical formula of substance R.
tulis formula kimia bahan R

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) what would be observed when substance R is added to the water?
apakah yang akan diperhatikan apabila sebatian R ditambah kepada air ?

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

10
5 Diagram 5.1 shows a match head has been struck.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu kepala mancis yang telah digeserkan.

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

The chemical equation for the reaction is as follow:

Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas adalah seperti berikut:

3P4 + 10 KClO3 P4O10 + 10KC1

(a) (i) Determine the oxidation number of chlorine, Cl in KClO 3.
Tentukan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin, Cl dalam KClO 3.

………………………………..………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) State the substance that undergoes oxidation and reduction.
Nyatakan bahan yang mengalami pengoksidaan dan penurunan

………………………………………………………………..……………………………….
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the answer in (a)(ii) in terms of the change in the oxidation number.
Terangkan jawapan di (a)(ii)dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidan.

................................................................................................................................... ………….
[1 mark]

11
(b) Diagram 5.2 shows the apparatus set-up constructed by a student. As the circuit is completed, the
needle of galvanometer deflected.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkkan susunan radas yang di bina oleh seorang pelajar. Apabila litar
dilengkapkan, jarum galvanometer telah terpesong.

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Based on Diagram 5.2,
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2,

(i) Nyatakan peranan air bromin.

State the role of bromine water.

……………….......
……………………………………………………..........................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i).

………………………………………………………………………………….…………….......
[1 mark]

(iii) The color of iron(II) sulphate solution change from green to brown. Describe briefly a
chemical test to identify the cation present.
Warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat berubah dari hijau ke perang. Huraikan dengan ringkas ujian
kimia untuk mengenalpasti kation yang hadir.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….........

........………………………………………………….…………………………………………
[2 marks]
(iv) Write the overall ionic equation for the reaction occurred in Diagram 5.2
Tuliskan persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam Rajah 5.2

……………………………………………………………………........……………………….
[2 marks]

12
6 The equation below represents the reaction between excess of calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan
asid hidroklorik.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Carbon dioxide gas is collected in a burette and the total volume of carbon dioxide gas is
recorded at an interval of 30 seconds.
Table 4 shows the results obtained.
Gas karbon dioksida dikumpulkan dalam suatu buret dan jumlah isipadu gas karbon
dioksida dicatatkan pada setiap selang masa 30 saat.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan-keputusan yang diperolehi.

Time / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Masa
Total volume of CO2
gas collected / cm3 0 23.00 35.00 42.00 44.00 44.00 44.00
Jumlah isipadu gas
CO2 dikumpul

Table 6
Jadual 6

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up and materials used to carry out the
experiment in the laboratory.
Lukis satu gambarajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas dan bahan-bahan
diguna untuk menjalankan experiment itu dalam makmal.

[2 marks]

(b) Draw a graph of total volume of carbon dioxide gas collected against time.

13
Lukis satu graf jumlah isipadu gas karbon dioksida dikumpul melawan masa.
[4 marks]

14
(c) (i) By using the graph you have drawn in (b), determine the rate of reaction at 90
seconds.
Dengan menggunakan graf yang telah diplotkan di (b), tentukan kadar tindak
balas pada 90 saat.

[2 marks]

(ii) Predict the rate of reaction at 105 seconds.

Ramalkan kadar tindak balas pada 105 saat.

...…….…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(iii) Explain the difference rate of reaction in (c) (i) and (ii).
Jelaskan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dalam (c) (i) dan (ii).

...…….…………………………………………………………………….
[1mark]

15
 Section B
Bahagian B

[20 marks]

7 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of ion W3-.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi ion W3-.

3-

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom W.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the position for atom W in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Give a reason for your answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan bagi atom W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
(b) (i) Rubidium, Rb, is located below sodium, Na, in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Predict two observations when rubidium reacts with water.
Rubidium, Rb, terletak di bawah natrium, Na, dalam Kumpulan 1 Jadual
Berkala.
Ramalkan dua pemerhatian apabila rubidium bertindak balas dengan air.
[2 marks]

(ii ) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara rubidium dan air.
[2 marks]

16
 (iii) State one precaution that must be taken in handling Group 1 elements.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam pengendalian
unsur Kumpulan 1.
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows four compounds.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan empat sebatian.

● Magnesium oxide, MgO

Magnesium oksida, MgO
● Ethanol, C2H5OH
Etanol, C2H5OH
● Hexane, C6H14
Heksana, C6H14
● Sodium chloride, NaCl
Natrium klorida, NaCl

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

(i) Based on Diagram 7.2, classify each of the compounds into ionic compound
and covalent compounds.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 , kelaskan setiap sebatian itu kepada sebatian ion dan
sebatian kovalen.
[2 marks]

(ii) Choose one of the ionic and one of the covalent compounds given in (c) (i) and
state two differences in their physical properties.
Explain the differences.
Pilih satu sebatian ionik dan satu sebatian kovalen yang diberi dalam (c) (i)
dan nyatakan dua perbezaan dalam sifat fiziknya.
Terangkan perbezaan itu.
[8 marks]

17
8. Diagram 8.1 shows structural formula of soap.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sabun.

Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1

(a) Name part X and part Y. State the solubility of each parts in water and grease.
Namakan bahagian X dan bahagian Y. Nyatakan keterlarutan setiap bahagian di dalam
air dan gris.
[4 marks]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a set-up of apparatus when a student carried out two
experiments to investigate the cleansing effect of soap and detergent on oily
stained cloth in hard water
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan susunan radas apabila seorang pelajar menjalankan dua
eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pembersihan bahan pencuci oleh sabun dan
detergen ke atas kotoran berminyak dalam air liat.

Diagram 8.2/ Rajah 8.2

18
 Compare the cleansing effect between Experiment I and Experiment II. Explain why
there are differences in the observations. State the substance which is more suitable as a
cleansing agent to remove stain in hard water.
Bandingkan kesan pembersihan antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Terangkan
mengapa bahan terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian tersebut. Nyatakan bahan yang
lebih sesuai sebagai bahan pencuci kotoran berminyak dalam air liat.
[6 marks]

(c) Patient X, Y and Z are suffering from dental pain, pneumonia and depression
respectively. What is the type of medicine that can be used to treat X, Y and Z?
Pesakit X, Y dan Z masing-masing mengalami sakit gigi, pneumonia dan kemurungan.
Apakah jenis ubat yang boleh digunakan untuk merawat pesakit X, Y dan Z.
[3 marks]
(d) Based on your answer in (c),
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c),

(i) State one precaution that should be followed by patient X while taking the
medicine. Explain why.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diikuti oleh pesakit X apabila
mengambil ubat. Jelaskan mengapa.
[2 marks]

(ii) Explain why patient Y must complete the whole course of the medicine
prescribes to him even if he feels better.
Jelaskan mengapa pesakit Y mesti menghabiskan kesemua ubat yang disyorkan
walaupun beliau telah sihat.
[3 marks]

(iii) State two side effects if the medicine taken by patient Z overdose.
Nyatakan dua kesan sampingan jika pesakit Z mengambil ubat secara
berlebihan.
[2 marks]

19
 Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer one question from this section.
Jawab satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the examples of saturated and unsaturated fats.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan contoh-contoh lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu.

Diagram 9
Rajah 9

(i) What is the meaning of fat?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan lemak?
[1 mark]

(ii) Compare between the saturated and unsaturated fats.

Bandingkan lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu.
[4 marks]
(iii) State two importances of fats to our body.
Nyatakan dua kepentingan lemak kepada badan kita.
[2 marks]
(iv) Describe briefly the effect of fats on our health.
Huraikan secara ringkas kesan lemak terhadap kesihatan kita.
[3 marks]

(b) Palm oil can be converted to margarine by catalytic hydrogenation.

Minyak kelapa sawit boleh ditukarkan kepada majerin oleh penghidrogenan bermangkin.

Based on the statement above,

Berdasarkan kepada pernyataan di atas,

(i) state the meaning of hydrogenation.

nyatakan maksud penghidrogenan.
[1 mark]

20
 (ii) describe the conversion of palm oil to margarine.
huraikan penukaran minyak kelapa sawit kepada majerin.
[4 marks]

(c) Fresh latex coagulates when exposed to air for a few hours.
Explain why.
Susu getah segar tergumpal bila terdedah kepada udara selama beberapa jam.
Terangkan mengapa.
[5 marks]

10. (a) pH value of shampoo is 8. Explain why lime juice can be used as a hair conditioner after
washing hair with shampoo. Suggest other substance that can replace lime juice as a hair
conditioner.
Syampu yang digunakan untuk mencuci rambut mempunyai nilai pH 8.
Jelaskan mengapa jus limau nipis boleh digunakan sebagai perapi rambut selepas
mencuci rambut dengan syampu.
Cadangkan satu bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan jus limau nipis sebagai perapi.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 10 shows the results obtained when zinc reacts with hydrogen chloride in solvent L
and solvent M.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi apabila zink bertindak balas dengan
hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut L dan pelarut M.

Substance Solvent Pemerhatian

Bahan Pelarut Observation
Zinc + hydrogen L Bubbles of gas
chloride Gelembung gas
Zink + hidrogen klorida
Zinc + hydrogen M No bubble of gas Tiada
chloride gelembung gas
Zink + hidrogen klorida

(c) Diagram 10 shows the flow chart for the chemical changes that occurs to salt Q.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan carta alir bagi perubahan-perubahan kimia yang berlaku kepada
garam Q

Diagram 10/ Rajah 10

21
Zinc sulphate can be converted from reaction between zinc oxide and an acid.
Suggest the acid.
Describe the preparation of solid zinc sulphate by using these substances.
In your description, include the chemical equation involved.
Zink sulfat boleh ditukarkan daripada tindak balas antara zink oksida dengan suatu
asid. Cadangkan asid tersebut.
Huraikan penyediaan pepejal zink sulfat dengan menggunakankan bahan-bahan
tersebut. Dalam penerangan anda, sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

22
 1 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
2
H
Hydrogen He
1 Helium
Proton number 4
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 Symbol
Li Be Ne B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
7 9 Neon Name of element 11 12 14 16 19 20
12 20 13 15
11 14 16 17 18
Na Mg Relative atomic mass Al Si P S Cl Ar
Magnesiu Aluminiu Phosphor
Sodium Silicon Sulphur Chlorine Argon
m m us
23 28 32 35 40
24 27 31
23 25 32
19 20 21 22 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Vanadiu Manganes Germaniu
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Chromium Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
m e m
39 40 45 48 52 56 59 59 64 65 70 75 79 80 84
51 55 73
42 43 44
37 38 39 40 41 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Molybden Technetiu Rutheniu
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
um m m
86 88 89 91 93 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
96 98 101
57
55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Lanthanu
Caesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
m
133 137 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
139
106 107 108 109
87 88 89 104 105
Fr Ra Ac Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une
Unnil Unnil
Unnilhex Unnilsepti Unnilocti Unnilenni
Francium Radium Actinium quadium pentium
ium um um um
223 226 227 257 260
263 262 265 266

60 61 64 66
58 59 62 63 65 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Praseo
Neodymiu Promethiu Gadoliniu Dyprosiu
Cerium dymium Samarium Europium Terbium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
m m m m
140 141 150 152 167 165 167 169 173 175
144 147 157 163
91 93 95 98 99 101 103
90 92 94 96 97 100 102
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Protactini Neptuniu Americiu Californiu Einsteiniu Mendelev Lawrenci
Thorium Uranium Plutonium Curium Berkelium Fermium Nobelium
um m m m m ium um
232 238 244 247 247 253 254
231 237 243 249 254 256 257

23
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